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CINCINNATI's GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT: a TRIP for SECONDARY· SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHERS by William C

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CINCINNATI's GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT: a TRIP for SECONDARY· SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHERS by William C GUIDEBOOK NO. 9 CINCINNATI'S GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT: A TRIP FOR SECONDARY· SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHERS by William C. Haneberg, head scarp Mary M. Riestenberg, Richard E. Pohana. and Sharon C. Diekmeyer shale and limestone retaining wall / Columbia Pkwy. DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 4383 FOUNTAIN SQUARE DRIVE COLUMBUS, OHIO 43224-1362 (614) 265-6576 (Voice) (614) 265-6994 {TDD) (614) 447-1918 (FAX) OHIO GEOLOGY ADVISORY COUNCIL Dr. E. Scott Bair, representing Hydrogeology Mr. Mark R. Rowland, representing Environmental Geology Dr. J. Barry Maynard, representing At-Large Citizens Dr. Lon C. Ruedisili, representing Higher Education Mr. Michael T. Puskarich, representing Coal Mr. Gary W. Sitler, representing Oil and Gas Mr. Robert A. Wilkinson, representing Industrial Minerals SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ADMINISTRATION (614) 265-6576 Thomas M. Berg, MS, State Geologist and Division Chief Robert G. Van Horn, MS, Assistant State Geologist and Assistant Division Chief Michael C. Hansen, PhD, Senior Geologist, Ohio Geology Editor, and Geohazards Officer James M. Miller, BA, Fiscal Officer REGIONAL GEOLOGY SECTION (614) 265-6597 TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS SECTION (614) 265-6593 Dennis N. Hull, MS, Geologist Manager and Section Head Merrianne Hackathorn, MS, Geologist and Editor Jean M. Lesher, Typesetting and Printing 'Il!chnician Paleozoic Geology and Mapping Subsection (614) 265-6473 Edward V. Kuehnle, BA, Cartographer Edward Mac Swinford, MS, Geologist Supervisor Michael R. Lester, BS, Cartographer Glenn E. Larsen, MS, Geologist Robert L. Stewart, Cartographer Gregory A. Schumacher, MS, Geologist Lisa Van Doren, BA, Cartographer Douglas L. Shrake, MS, Geologist Ernie R. Slucher, MS, Geologist PUBLICATIONS CENTER (614) 265-6605 Quaternary Geology and Mapping Subsection (614) 265-6599 Garry E. Yates, NZCS, Public Information Officer and Acting Section Head Richard R. Pavey, MS, Geologist Supervisor lnalee E. Eisen, Public Inquiries Assistant C. Scott Brockman, MS, Geologist Donna M. Schrappe, Public Inquiries Assistant Joel D. Vormelker, MS, Geologist Billie Long, Account Clerk . Core Drilling Subsection (614) 265-6594 MINERAL RESOURCES AND GEOCHEMISTRY SECTION Douglas L. Crowell, MS, Geologist Supervisor (614) 265-6602 Roy T. Dawson, Driller Michael J. Mitchell, Driller David A. Stith, MS, Geologist Supervisor and Section Head Mark E. Clary, Drilling Assistant Allan G. Axon, MS, Geologist William R. Dunfee, Drilling Assistant Richard W. Carlton, PhD, Senior Geologist SUBSURFACE STRATIGRAPHY AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY Norman F. Knapp, PhD, Chemical Laboratory Supervisor SECTION (614) 265-6585 Sherry L. Weisgarber, MS, Geologist and Mineral Statistician Kim E. Vorbau, BS, Geologist Ronald G. Rea, MS, Geologist Supervisor and Section Head Mark T. Baranoski, MS, Geologist LAKE ERIE GEOLOGY SECTION (419) 626-4296 James McDonald, MS, Geologist Scudder D. Mackey, PhD,, Geologist Supervisor and Section Head Ronald A. Riley, MS, Geologist Lawrenre H Wickstrom, MS, Seninr Geokgist and <Jompuler Coordinator Danielle A. Foye, BS, Geology 'Il!chnician Angelena M. Bailey, Administrative Assistant Jonathan A. Fuller, MS, Geologist Donald E. Guy, Jr., MS, Geologist Samples and Records Dale L. Liebenthal, Operations Officer & Research Vessel Operator Garry E. Yates, NZCS, Environmental 'Il!chnology Supervisor Mary Lou McGurk, Office Assistant · An Equal Opportunity Employer • M/FIH STATE OF OHIO Bob Taft, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Samuel W. Speck, Director DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas M. Berg, Chief GUIDEBOOK NO. 9 CINCINNATI'S GEOLOGIC EN1VIRONMENT: A TRIP FOR SECONOARY- SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHERS by William C. Haneberg Mary M. Riestenberg New Mexico Bureau of Mines Department of Chemistry and Mineral Resources College of Mt. St. Joseph Socorro Cincinnati, Ohio Richard E. Pohana Sharon C. Diekmeyer Division of Engineering Department of Geology City of Cincinnati University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio __ #IA,. ~= llilll ,.., .A.Tl Field Trip 9 for the Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America Cincinnati, Ohio October 26-29, 1992 sponsored by the Engineering Geology Division of the Geological Society of America Columbus 1992 Cover illustrations: CJ'088 section through a typical thin colluvium landslide along Columbia Parkway and Typesetting and layout: Graphic Directions engineering drawing of the Columbia Parkway re- Cartographic assistance: Edward V. Kuehnle taining wall. CONTENTS Page Introduction ................................................................................................••..........••............•...•..••.•............ 1 Landslides along Columbia Parkway (Stops #1, 3) .................................................................................... 2 Geology................................................................................................................................................. 2 Landslides above Columbia Parkway ..........................••.......•......................•...................•..•.............•. 3 Mass movement below the parkway ...................................................................................•......•........ 4 Improving Columbia Parkway ............................................................................................•............... 4 Ground water and the Little Miami River valley (Stop #4) ....................................................................... 7 Principles of ground-water flow ..........................................................................................•........•...... 7 Ground water in the Little Miami River valley .................................................................•............... 9 Pleistocene history of the Ohio River valley (Stops #2, 5, 6) .....................................................•............... 9 Pre-Illinoian drainage.......................................................................................................................... 9 Illinoian and Wisconsinan glaciations ................................................................................................ 10 Illinoian terrace at River Downs......................................................................................................... 10 Bedrock geology and paleontology ((Stop #7) ............................................................................................. 13 Stratigraphy .............................................................................................•..........•................•...........•... 13 Lithology, sedimentology, and paleontology....................................................................................... 15 Kope Formation ............................•.................................................•...........................••............... 15 Fairview Formation ..................................................................................................................... 15 Miamitown Shale ....................•.........................................................................................•.•........ 15 Bellevue Formation...................................................................................................................... 15 Paleoecologic interpretation ..........................................•.......................................•.............•............... 15 Ordovician paleogeography .........................................................................................•........•...... 15 Storm-dominated sedimentation................................................................................................. 16 Hillside evolution and landslides at Delhi Pike (Stop #8) ......................................................................... 18 The thick landslide ..•.................................................................................................•............•..•.•....... 18 The thin landslide ................................................................................•..............•................•..•............ 19 Mechanisms of slope instability ...................................................................................•.•....•......•........ 20 References cited............................................................................................................................................ 23 FIGURES 1. Map of the field-trip route ........................................................................................................... 1 2. Typical pre- and post-construction topography along the Columbia Parkway retaining wall 3 3. Cross section through a typical thin colluvium landslide along the Ohio River valley ........... 4 4. Design of a typical cantilevered pier wall................................................................................... 5 5. Design of a typical tied-back pier wall ...............................••................•....•.........•••.....•.. ,............ 6 6. Schematic diagram illustrating regional and local flow ............................................•............... 7 7. Results of a finite-difference computer simulation .................................................................... 8 8. Schematic diagram illustrating a valley-fill aquifer system .....................................•............... 8 9. Cross section of three wells drilled along the Beechmont Levee .............................................. 9 10. Preglacial (Teays-age) drainage in Ohio, Indiana,
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