ASSocrAroN FoR TNDUSTRTAL ARCHAEorocy Bu il lgt nn

Oral History Seminar The joint meeting with to be put in hand. More serious, however, is the VOLUME5NUMBER3 1978 the Oral History Society, advance notice of discovery that ground pressure had lifted the which was given in Bulletin 5:2, has had to tunnel's f loor along 40 yards of its 3027 yard be postponed due to late delivery of recording length, and thisdistortion had enabled a slight equipment required in connection with a sound inward movement of the tunnel sides to take archive project on the Lancashire textile place. Remedial works are expected to cost industry, the results of that project would not more than f 300,000 and will last f rom June sth have been available in time for the May meeting untilearly 1979. Netherton Tunnel will be ,LE previously announced. Arrangements have now impassable throughout this period, but there is PRIX' been made f or the seminar to take place at an alternative route onto the EUROPEEN Public Library on Saturday and the lower end of the Staffs. and Worcs. '1 1 November, commencing at 11.30 am. A Canal through Dudley Old Tunnel, which was DU MUSEE small fee will be charged to help with the reopened to traff ic in 1973, following determin- Presentedl9S expenses of some speakers. Accommodation ed work by local volunteers and a series of THE EUROPEAN will be limited, and those wishing to take part blitzkrieg operations by restoration teams MUSEUM are asked to write immediatelv to: Peter White, converging from all over the country from a ,Ancient Monuments Inspectorate, Department series of 'D ud ley D ig-l ns'. D ud ley has restrictions of the Environment, Room 224, Fortress House, on beam and headroom, and cannot be used by 23 Savile Row. London W1X 2AA. boats under power. Anyone considering using Those wishing to illustrate their own work this route as an alternative while Netherton is in this f ield should make particularly early closed should contact BWB's Birmingham Area app I icatio n. Off ice at Reservoir House, lcknield Port Road,

Birmingham 816 0AA, telephone O21 4547091 . Canal Stoppages have given notice of repairs to two major structures which Hudders{ield Narrow Canal (1794 - ?}. The Another First for lronbridge. The lronbridge will interrupt boat movements in the Birmingham Huddersf ield Narrow Canal is a unique waterwav. Gorge Museum, Telford, guardian of the area during the summer of 1978. Alvechurch It can still claim two records; its summit level at world's f irst iron bridge and the furnace where Aqueduct on the Worcester and Birmginham 645 feet above sea level is the highest in Great iron was f irst smelted with coke, can now add Canal was closed as an emergency measure Britain and Standedge Tunnel, at 3 miles 418 another first to their elegantly designed following recent leakage, and detailed inspection yards, is the longest canal tunnel ever constructed literature. On Tuesday 1 4 February this year, has shown that compete rebuilding will be in this country, Neil Cossons visited the Palais de Rohan in necessary, at a cost of f60,000. Boats entering ln 1794 the canal obtained its Act of Strasbourg to receive the first ever European the canal trom K ings Norton Junction will not Parliament, the same year as the . Museum of the Year Award lrom the President be allowed to proceed beyond the The Huddersf ield Narrow Canal was to run from of the European Community, the Rt Hon RoV at Hopwood; those moored below Alvechurch a.iunction with Sir John Ramsden's Canal in J enk i ns. will be able to move down to Diglis Basin by Huddersf ield up to Colne Valley through Slaith- The event sponsored by I BM and organised prior arrangement with the Section Inspector at r'rraite and Marden, into the Pennines via by the Council of Europe in conjunction with Eromsgrove \tJ52/) /2572, but there mav be Standedge Tunnel emerging at Diggle and thence the International Councilof Museums had delays in making suf f icient water available Those down the Tame Valley, through Uppermill, received 32 entries and nine were shortlisted. choosing to leave thelr boats between Diglis and Mossley and Stalybridge to a .lunction with the These were the Museum of Industrial Alvechurch will not be able to use the locks at Duk inf ield. With only a length Archaeology at Herstal in Belgium, The while the present works are in progress, so will of 191 l4 miles'the canal is packed with engineering National Tech nical M useum, Helsink i, Finland ; be restricted to cruising on the intervening features: 74 locks, 2 tunnels, 1 1 aqueducts and the Terra Amata Museum, Nice, France; the pounds. Work is not expected to be completed numerous bridges. Municipal Museum, Swabisch Gmund, West until the end of the summer. The f irst section of the canal, fluddersf ield to Germany; the Amsterdam Historical Museum Netherton Tunnel on the Birmingham Canal Marsden, \^r'as open by 1796, and the section Holland; the Preus Photo Museum, Horten, Navigations has the distinction of being the last f rom the Ashton Canal to the Woolroad near Norway; the Joan Miro Museum, Barcelona, canal tunnel to be built in Britain and is the most Dobscross on the western side was completed bv Spain and the International Museum of Watch generously proportiond of all, boasting towpaths 1798. This enabled the canal to be used by local and Clockmaking, La Chaux-de-Fonds, on both sides which eliminates the need for either traffic. However, through traffic had to be Switzerland. In seccnd place was the Joan legging or tugs. When it was opened in 1858, transhipped at the temporary termini until Miro Foundation of Contemporary art and Netherton Tunnel had the unusual feature of Standedge Tunnel was opened in 181 1. By this Catalan culture and the winning entry received being lit throughout its length by gas. This was time the rival Rochdale Canal was open and the a cheque for f4,000 and a Henry Moore bronze later converted to electricitv, and the tunnel Huddersf ield Narrow Canal was struggling to maquette. This is the fourth major award to go played an important role in relieving the pressure establish itself as a through route. The summit to the lronbridge Gorge Museum. In 1973 they of traff ic on the opened in 1792 was at its busiest when Standedge Tunnel was won the British Tourist Authority's 'Come to and very narrow and poorly ventilated, with being used during the construction of the Britain Trophy', in 1975 a Special Heritage which Netherton runs parallel. An inspection by nearby railway tunnels. The competition from Year Award in recognition of the Museum's BWB engineers in 197617 revealed the need for the parallel railway was too much for the canal continuing contribution to conservation and in repairs to some of the ventilation shafts, and a and traffic declined. Eventually the Narrow 1977 the British'lMuseum of the Year Award'. brief closure earlier this vear enabled this work Canai was incorporated with the (Sir John Ramsden's) into the The HCS is actively campaigning {or the in Taunton from 1918 to 1968. Copies are Huddersfield and Manchester Railway and Canal re-opening of the Huddersf ield Narrow Canal, available at €1.00 plus 19p for postage from the Company in 1845, eventually forming part of which would provide a second trans-Pennine Secretary of SIAS, David Greenf ield at 33 LMS Railway in 1923. route, linking the recently-restored Ashton Barrow Drive, Taunton, TA1 2UX. All except a short stretch adjoining the Canalwith the Yorkshire waterways svstem. Huddersf ield Broad Canal was abandoned in With the dream of re-opening the Kennet and Wigan Work lt Out A proposal put forward by 1944 after the passing of the LMS Railway Avon as a major cross-country route fast Wigan Civic Society two years ago that the last () Act. Even this short stretch was becoming a real possibility, HCS members are wooden colliery headgear in the area threatened abandoned in the Sixties. However. the Broad concerned that future planning should take by redevelopment on its original site at Gautley Canal is still navigable, and in April '1974 the account of the possibility of reopening what Pit, should be moved and re-erected within the Huddersf ield Canal Society was f ormed with the would be one of 's wildest and most Haigh Country Park is going ahead with the help object of encouraging the improvement of the spectacu lar holiday routes. of a Job Creation Programme. The 40 ft high Huddersfield Broad Canal, by conservation of For details of the Society's publications, headgear was dismantled last year under the the scenic features and promoting the restoration allconcerned with the practical aspects of supervision of Dorothea Restoration Engineers, to navigation of the Huddersf ield Narrow Canal, reopening the Huddersf ield Narrow Canal, see after a thorough photographic and measured thereby improving the links between Yorkshire 'AlA Bookshelf'. record had been made. The parts were moved Park, seat of Waterwavs and the Cheshire Canal R ing. to the new site in Haigh erstwhile Since the last through journey in 1948, most of Westonzoyland Pump ing Statio n. Bridgwater, the Earls of Crawf ord and Balcarres, the'Wigan park the locks have been'landscaped', certain sections Somerset. Constructed original ly in 1830, the Coal Kings'. Since taking over the as a have been filled in and culverted and some station housed a smal I beam engine and scoop recreational area, this Council's Departments of bridges lowered. However in 1975 the Society wheel and was the first steam land drainage Leisure has set about establishing a'geological published a feasibility study, which showed that station on the Somerset Levels. The original trail'where within a small area there are visible restoration was possible, provided no further machinery proved inadequate so in 1861 the remains of clay pits, ironstone d igging, sandstone harrn was done to the Canal. The Society has existing Easton & Amos 2 cylinder vertical ouarries and an outcrop of the Ince Seven Foot obtained assurance from the Greater Manchester engine and Appold pump were installed, the coal seam which has helped to make Wigan an Council that thev will protect the line of the beam engine being sold. A number of other important coal mining area since the sixteenth canal in their area and, in fact, it is an intergral engines of similar type and by the same makers century. Th irty years ago, the Wigan area had parl of the Tame Valley lmprovement Scheme. were installed in stations on the Levels over the more than 35 coalmines, there are now only However the story on the other side of the next ten or so years, and for the following four, one being stillprivately owtted. Pennines is different, ;n so far as the Society is eighty years provided the pumping needs of the The steam engine which used to wind men actively fighting planning applications to build Somerset Levels. Following the formation of and materials in the Gautely Pit shaft was across the canal in Huddersf ield. the Somerset Rivers Board, a Oolicv of scrapped some years ago, but there are hopes This coming year will see a great deal of installing diesel pumps was pursued and in that a similar winding engine made at a Wigan activity on and off the canal by the Huddersfield 1950 the Westonzoyland station had a General foundrv mav be available and acquired for the Canal Society and anyone interested or who Motors vertical d iesel and centrif ugal pumps new site. There are plans to reconstruct a horse would like more inf ormation should contact installed in a nsrv building alongside the gin to illustrate an earlier method of winding the Secretary, Mr R Dewey, 3 Pump Row, original engine house Luckily, largely by the and timbers f rom a demolished ind ustrial High Flatts, Huddersf ield. efforts of Mr E L Kelting, Sngineer to the buildinq in Burton on Trent will be re-used in Board, lhe steam engine was not destroyed, it was cleaned and repainted Af ter the f ormation of the Wessex Water Authority in 19-74, the question of maintaining the engine and building arose and in early 1977 the Somerset Industrial Archaeological Society was approached and asked if it would take on the task. A smal I group of SIAS members worked on the engine throughout the summer and a Westonzoyland Engine Group was formed within the Society to look after the machinery, operate it after restoration and form a museurn of land drainaqe on the srte. The intention is to form a Charitable Trust and lease the station f rom the WWA. The engine will then be operated on open days for the public. So far, the Group has had a number of donations of items, including boiler f eed pumps, spares, pipework, smithy tools and some narrow gauge rails f or demonstrating how the Rivers Board once used railskips on its river works. A Lancashire boiler has also been offered. The Group has also received a 'Shell Restoration Award to Inland Waterwavs'.

Editor's.note. The Society has adopted as its Somerset Industrial Archaeological Society the restoration of the pitchpine headgear. emblem a drawing of the remarkable ''l-urnbridge' Volume 2 of the Society's annual Journal was Prirne movers in the proposal to preserve Duilt in 1865 to carry road traffic across the published during 1977 and maintains the high the headgear have been two members of the Hudderstield Broad Canal at Ouay Street near standard of layout and content set by the frrst Wigan Civic Society, Donald Anderson, well Aspley Basin in Huddersf ield. The two bottle- volume. Presentation is modelled on that of known as the historian of the Orrell Coalf ield shaped cast iron caissons containing the balance BIAS Journal which the Society's near neighbours and Robin Grayson, a geologist at the Wigan weights have the date of opening cast into them. in Bristol have been producing regularly fcr the College of Technology, which used to be known The bridge is still in f ull working order, having past ten years. The new SIAS Journal includes as'the pitman's university'. F inancial support been extensively overhauled in 1975. A hand two features on the West Some rset Mineral has come from the G reater Manchester Council winch at the side raises and lowers the deck Railway as well as a history of Stogumber and the Science Museum. With a May deadline through chains and pulleys. Boatmen wishing Brewery, a note on a willow boat f rom the on the Job Creation phase of the re-ereclion, it to pass beneath still raise the bridge for Somerset levels, and a detailed description of the is hoped that th'e structure will be ready for (See themselves, using a L,eeds and Liverpool type manufacture of Van Heusen collars by Walter visitors in the summer of 1978 also key. Hordle who worked at the Van Heusen factorv Bu lletin 3:5). z Fowler Engines saved for Lincolnshire Good na,/s on the campaign to raise f unds f or purchasing the pair of Fowler steam ploughing engines mentioned in Bulletin 5 : 1 . The local appeal mounted by the Friends of Lincoln Libraries Museum and Art Galleries had raised f2,2OO oi the f5,000 required by the end of January; other sources including the Science History in the bndscape Weekend course at Peak National Park Study Museum had promised the remaining €9,000 Mav'19-21 Centre. Details (SAE) f.rom Peter Townsend, required, Time was running out when a f irm of Principal, Losehi ll Hall, Castleton, agricultural merchants in Ruskington, Brown Derbyshire. Telephone: Hope Val ley Bullin Ltd, promised an interest free loan of up 20373120693 to f 3,000 to enable the Museum of Lincolnshire Life to complete the purchase by the agreed Canals and Raitways Course at Peak National Park Study Centre. date, and to continue their fund-!'aising 29Mav-2June Details from address above. throughout the year to raise the rest of the money required. Manchester Region lA Society Oneday conference on recording, industrial Donations to the appeal would be most 3 June trails in Bolton and lrwell Valley. welcome, and should be sent to Mr J J B Wright, National Westminster Bank, 97 High Street, Railways and Canals in Wales and Borderland Course with daily f ield trips, organised in Li n col n. 1 6-23 June conjunction with Birmingham University, Extra Mural Department. Fee f 52. Details The lrish Railway Record Society. This Society, f rom The Warden, Preston Montf ord F ield as its name implies, exists to chronicle the history Centre, Montf ord Bridge, Shrewsbury of lrish Railways and its Headquarters are at SW5 1HW. Telephone 074371380. Drumcondra Railway Station, 30 Lr Drumcondra Road, Dublin 9. The Society maintains a Library lndustrial Archaeokrgy - the Farm Kenneth Hudson and NeilCossons will look with over 15,000 volumes on Railway and Allied 23-25 June at the effects of mechanisation on the Farm Subjects and a wide range of period icals, some of and old machinery will be deomonstrated. which are not to be f ound elsewhere in lreland. Details from: The Principal, Maryland College, Woburn, Bedfordshire l\4K'17 9JD. Steam Engines preserved in Bath. Stothert and Pitt are best known for their cranes, manv of which are still at work throughout the world after Man-made Underground Structures Their Industrial Exploitation Symposium in f ifty or more years of service. The Bath f irm is IJ- IO JUIV Cambridge jointly organised by Subterranea active in a number of other f ields of engineering, Britannica with Societe Francaise d'etude des and as a token of this they have recently presented Souterrains. Programme includes visits to two historic steam engines on permanent loan to sites in Royston, Fowlmere and Nottingham, Bath U n iversity, where they are open to and Bastille Day dinner. Non members may inspection by visitors on appointment. The attend subject to availability; earth application engines were until recently preserved in Stothert advlsed. Write to Organising Secretary. and Pitt's Bath workshops but to make room Mrs Sylvia P Eeamon BA, 16 Honeway, for expansion and to enable more people to Royston, Herts SGB 7ES. Telephone Rovston enjoy them, they were moved to the University 42120. campus late in 1977. The larger of the two is a splendid but compact beam engine built by Railway History and Industrial Archaeology Summer school at Manchester Polytechnic Stothert and Pitt f or the Paris Exh ibition of around Manchester to mark the opening of Liverpool and 1867, and the other is a horizontal that worked 21-28 Julv Manchester Railway 1 50th anniversary for very many years pumping at the Royal celebrations. Details from: A D George, National Hosoital for Rheumatic Diseases in the Manchester Region lA Society, 30 Kingsway, city. We hope that this sort of practical \,Vorsley, Manchester M28 4FD. Telephone cooperation between industry and the academic 061 -790-9904. world may result in other items of historic machinery similarly being preserved for Summer Course in History at Ripon College Students have choice of 9 seminar groups enjoyment by the public. 22-29 Julv including: Social control in 19th centurv Britain, vernacular housing in Nidderdale and l9th century local education including The Chepstow Society. The Chepstow Society Meclranics Institutes and 'penny readings'. publishes a range of pamphlets and guides, some Fee f60 residential, f34 non residential, of them with a bearing on industrial archaeology. including visit to R ichmond Georgian Theatre. particular Two oJ interest are'The Part of Applications bef ore 25 May to Department Chepstow' by lvor Waters (f 1.25) and 'Brunel's of Adult Aducation, University of Hull, Tubular Suspension Bridge over the R iver Wye' 195 Cottingham Road, Hull HU5 2EO, (75p) vy6;q6 Mr Waters has edited from a contemporary pamphlet originally published in Practical I ndustrial Archaeology A Residential Course in Fieldwork. Detailed 1 856. 5-'l 2 August survey of Croesor slate quarry (workings 'Chepstow (75p) Printers and Newspapers' all underground) Basedvat Plas Tany Bwlch. surveys printing in the town from the early years Tutors Dr Michael Lewis and Richard Keen of the 19th century. Under his own imprint, (National Museum of Wales) Fee €54. Details lvor Waters has published 'Chepstow Road from: Dept of Adult Education, Universitv (ZSp) Bridges' in a limited edition of 180 copies of Hull, address as above. which begins with the suggestion that there mav have been a Roman bridge across the Wye, and continues wittt an illustrated survey up to the present chepstow Bridge, built of cast iron in 1816 and still in use today. Copies these of Industrial Archaeology Course at Peak Address as'ivlan-made U nderground Structuresl publications from: lvor Waters, 4l Hardwick National Park Study Centre. Avenue, Chepstow, NP6 sDS. 19-26 August 3 Aspects of Industrial Archaeology More detailed look at the subiect in its local lnternational Conference on Climate and 21-29 Ocrober context. Details from Snowdonia National History. Those of our readers whn are interested Park Studv Centre. in industrial archaeology and its relationship to climate might like to know that there is to be an The Midland Branch of the Newcomen society has organised the following visits: international conference on climate and history at the Climatic June 3 Dee Mill engine (in steam) Shaw, Oldham between B - 14 July 1979 East Anglia, June 24 Tour of Bristol Area by coach, led by Dr Angus Research Unit, University of Buchanan, Norwich. Details from Charles Blick, '147 Whirlowdale The purpose of this conference is to bring Road, Sheff ield 57 2NG. together climatologists, historians and archaeologists f rom throughout the world to discuss climate and its possible impact on past The Railway and Canal Historical Society has organised f ield visits during the summer, rrrith weekends present Potential participants are in the (including the Society's AGM and in Newcastle and Berwick and shorter one day and societies. Conference Secretary and half day railway visits and canal trips in Cromford, South Lincolnshire, York and elsewhere. asked to contact the (Climate Conference), Climatic Details from RCHS, 23 Beanf ield Avenue, Green Lane, Coventry,West Midlands CV3 6NZ, and History telephone 0203 69485. Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich TheNorthernMill EngineSocietyhasarrangedopendaysonthefollowingSaturdaysinl9T8: 3June, N R4 7TJ. 5 August,2 December. On these days the 1500 iph twin tandem engine by Scott and Hodgson at Dee Mill, Shaw, Oldham will be in steam and other local engines under the Society's protection will be open Events to visitors, although not working; Ferm Mill, Shaw, Oldham. 2,000 ihp twin tandem gear-drive engine by Buckley and Taylor,'1884. Educational authorities are increasingly using preserved steam railways as'resource centres', Diamond Works (Sammy Scarves) Royton nr Oldham. 500 hp vertical compound by Scott and but the fact that most volunteer activity is Hodgson,1912. concentrated at weekends makes organised school visitsdiff icult. In response to this, some Alverthorpe M ills, Wakef ield , York s. 750 ihp cross compou nd by Po llittand Wigzell , 1 9'l 2. preserved lines set aside specif ic weekdays when school parties are welcomed and locomotives will Details from: George J Drake, NMES Yorkshire Organiser,52 Rye Lane, Pelton, Halifax, Yorks. be in steam. Ouainton Railway Centre at Teleohone Halitax 57 7 1 4. Aylesbury as a 'schools steaming' Irom 26-29 June inclusive; details f rom R B M iller, 25 The Cornish pumping engines at Crofton, near Great Bedwyn in Wiltshire (the oldest working beam Loudham Road, Little Chalfont, Amersham engines in the world) will be in steam over the following weekends: B uck s. 27-28 Mav,1-2 July,26-28 August,16-17 September, 21-22 Oclober. Because of limited space The Great Western Society offers similar in the engine house, it is advisable to arrive early in the day. Details from Mrs Ros Cundick, facilities, with unlimited free rides in a train of 273 East Grafton, Burbage, Wilts. Telephone Burbage 1067 281t. 575. restored GWR coaches at its Didcot Railway Centre f rom 10-12 July inclusive. Details and The beam englne at Dogdyke in Lincolnshire built by Bradley and Craven in 1856 and driving a scoop booking forms from Events Off icer, Great wheel for draining the fens will be in steam on thef irst Sunclay in each month from 1.30 - 5.30. Western Society Ltd, Didcot, Oxon OX11 7NJ. Admission charge is f 1 per car, or 5Op per person. Access f rorn a private road leaving the A153 Sleaford-skegness road 1 mile west of TattershallCastle. Details from J G Porter, Bridge Farm, 'lndustrial Tattershall, Lincoln LN4 4JG, telephone Coningsby 42230. More Grants from IndustrialPalt Past' rs a quarterly magazine which began publication The Shuttleworth Collection, which is acknowledged to have the f inest collection of historic aircraft in the Spring oI 1974 with a duplicated format in flying condition in the world, celebrates its Golden Jubilee this year. Flying days take place on the and has now progressed to a proJessionally- last Sunday in each month, with an extra Late Summer Bank Holiday display on 28th August and a printed illustrated magazine selling between two special 50th anniversary pageant on Sunday 24th September, urhen the Transport Trust will and three thousand copies of each issue. co-operate in demonstrating many more vehicles in addition to the f lying display. Details (SAE) Organised on a non-prof it basis, it has under- from Shuttleworth Collection, Old Warden Aerodrome nr Biggleswade, Beds. Telephone076727 288. taken to distribute anv surolus for the beneJit of industrical archaeology. A work ing surplus '1976 Ryhope Pumping Engines, near Sunderland, will be in steam 1'l em 5 pm over the following of f 100 was shared at the end of between - (see weeKenos. four projects Bulletin 4:3). Donationsfrom 21-N Mav,26-28 August, 23-24September,28-29 October. Admission 30p, Children 10p. well-wishers as wel I as prof its f rom magaz ine The pumping station is open every Saturday and Sunday 2-5 pm when visitors may inspect the sales have swelled the fund until at the end of beam engines, boilers and adjoining museum. On these occasions when there is no steam addmission 1977 , f25O was available for distribution. Five charges are 'l5p (chiidren 5p). Children ntust be accompanied by adults. grants each of f5O have been offered as follows:- 1. Scottish Museum of Mining Wan lockhead, Broomy Hill Pumping Station, Hereford, will be steaming its 1895 Worth Mackenzie triple-expansion Dumf riesshire. For the develooment of the pumping engine and other smaller auxiliary engines over the following dates: 28-29 May,5-6 August, Museum. parking 2124 September. On the Saturday evenings the engines will be gaslit after dusk. Free nearby. 2. South Yorkshire Trades For the develooment pm (no steam) Admission 4Op, children 15p. Also open the f irst Sunday in each month 11 am - 5 of Top Forge. admission 15p, children 5p. 3. The North Staffordshire Railway Society Churnet Val ley, Cheddleton. Locomotive Preservation F und. 4. Bournemouth Municipal Museums. tror the appeal fund for the restoration of the 1882 A criticism regularly lsrelled at industrial archaeology is that i1 places little stress on excavation and on Horse Omnibus. the need for properand systematic techniquesfor investigating a slte. The majority of sites in which 5. Tram 57 Proiest Group Southampton. For industrial archaeologists take an interest are usually above ground; but it cannot be denied that, \^/here the appeal fund for the restoration of the excavation is required local i.a. societies usually have fewer trained excavators to call upon than do Southampton Open Top Tramcar No. 57. local groupsconcerned with pre-industrial archaeology. Keele University provides an opportunity to rectify this with its Archaeological Excavation Summer School, a concentrated course for beginners to The adjudicators are Stuart Feather, Keeper be held in August. Dates are 5-12 August and 12-'!9 August: a f ull fortnight is reeommended for of the Bradford Industrial Museum and W R those who wish to become regular excavators. Fees are f46.50 per week or f24.5O per week for non- Mitchell, editor of the magazine'Dalesman'. residents. Emphasis will be on the following aspects: excavation organisation, techniques of recording, An annual subscriotion to lndustriat Past costs drawing of funds, elementary surveying. Applications required beJore 30 May 1978; furtherdetails f1.60 including postage. Further details from from Dr Francis Celoria, Lecturer in Archaeology, Department of Adult Education, The University the Ed itor, .lohn Keavey at 17 Uplands, Sk ipton, Keele, Staf{s. ST5 sBG, Telephone 0782-625116. North Yorkshire, 1el. Sk ioton 5005. A tl

The Triangle, Merthyr Tydf il; an Obituary The understandable when we consider the Environment gives them no protection from the Triangle and nearby Long Row, at Pentrebach, appalling state of housing conditions in the pollcy of demolition which is still dear to the Merthyr Tydf il, were demolished on Monday, town both before 1850 and throughout the Welsh Off ice. In Merthyr Tydf il itself , the December 12th, 1977 . This demol ition century following, when every attempt at Triangle affair has provided a smokescreen for brought to an end more than four years of improvement was curtailed by econom ic extensive demolition in other parts of the town. controversy over one of the most significant depression and stagnation. But total clearance Within the last year, the historic core of Dowlais preservation issues that has arisen in South proved also to be an attack on the close-knit has been obliterated; only the derelict Stables, Wales. lt left unresolved many questions relationships of the community; the loss of the Guest Memorial Library and the Engirre preservation relative both to the of industrial the old town was increasingly resented by its House survive. The Central Schools, designed for housing, people. and to the attitude of the Welsh Linked with the development of a Lady Charlotte Guest by Sir Charles Barry and Office towards the care of listed buildings. specif ically Welsh consciousness, this the setting of a famous early photograph, were Triangle was the largest surviving fragment resentment brought Plaid Cymru to control demolished unrecorded last summer. lf buildings (whose .1976. of the Ptymouth lron Works, main of the council in The nationalist outlook of that, importance can vanish without warning, furnace 'old'Merthyr site at Dyffryn was obl iterated by a saw the surviving parts of Tydf il what chance is there f or the remains of historic Welsh Off ice land part derelict reclamation scheme as of a Welsh heritage in which Triangle, as housing in Merthry Tydf il, whether listed or in 1974-5). In Triangle itself there were an 48 unique monument, had a special not? For the Triangle was by no means the last substantial four-room houses, good examples representattve value. case that ought to be fought. Penydarren has of the type of housing favoured by leading The listing of Triangle was f irst suggested gone, Dowlais has gone, Georgetown is going, South Wales ironmasters during the Chartist tn 19-72 f and inally agreed in 1974. By then but there still remain the two historic rows at years from 1836 Behind Triangle, at the foot many of the houses been had compulsorily Gellideg, Poplar Cottages (the oldest houses in of the hillside, stood Long Row. purchased This row lvas for clearance by the council and Georgetown), and the distinctive Crawshay started about lB07 with nine houses of an their inhabitants were being moved out. catslide houses at Old Ynysfach, Rhydvcar and English four-r-oom type. A few years later, Vandalism of the empty houses had already Upper Colliers Row. The two CVfarthfa Rows certainly before 1 81 4, a range of 1 0 four- started. When the Labour controlled council (dated 1 840) are said to be in line for room ' catslide outshot" nouses was added to applied for listed building consent, in rehabilitation, f or which decision the council is the south, f ollowed by another range of similar continuation of its long-standing policy, the to be applauded, but will their character survive? dwellings to the north four-room objectors These at the resulting public enquiry were And what will happen to the early Victorian catslide houses were a type built only by the headed by the leader of the Plaid Cymru streets of Morgan Town, or to the last courtyard Plymouth Works, years during the 1810 to opposition. Before the inspector's report was houses in Baili-Glas Court? 1825. Long Row, therefore, was made f inished, Plaid up of Cymru had won control of the So much of the historic potential of Merthyr two early types of house both unique in council. By then South Triangle was empty and much Tydfil has been lost; will all these other houses Wales; its demolition leaves us without any damaged, but the new council set about finding go the way of Triangle, fortunate i{ a note on example of these two designs. The houses ways of rehabilitating of it When the inspector their f inal destruction is printed in this Bulletin? Triangle, however, were not unique; recommended jisted similar the ref usal of building Or can effective support be given to those dwellings still stand in relatively good consent, f condition Triangle's uture seemed almost councillors and off icials in Merthyr Tydf ilwho at Tai-bach, half-a-rnile to the south-east. The assured. Unhappily the Secretary of State for are trytng to retain some authentic record in value of Triangle was concentrated Wales, while almost accepting the recommendation of buildings of the f irst great industrial town of entirely in its layout, both unprecedented and his inspector, made it clear that Government Wa les? instantly recognisable. lt was (and indeed to funds would not be available for the repairs. some extent still is) the icon Accordingly, every of industrial attempt by the council, Editor's.note The author of th js report,.Jeremy housing, undoubtedly the known or by independent best symbol housing associations, to put Lowe, has made a special study of industrial in South Wales of the early ninteenth century together a package of housing improvement housing in Wales. The rapid disappearance of work ing-class way lif it of e. As a symbol, was and historic building grants, was ruled representattve examples, of which the the focus (like the Er,rston Arch) of attitudes, inadmissible by the Welsh Off ice. Before the destruction of the Trra:rgle is only one instance, ranging f rom pride to hatred, rnrhich were end on December 12th it had become clear that, has added urgency to the need to record and closely linked to local and natlonal politics. as f ar as Tnangle was concerned, rhe Welsh Of f ice evaluate what remains. As an example to all of This is not really the place to d iscuss Off ice policy, like that f of the ormer Labour us that it is not enough to wring our hands in political issues. lt is enough to note that until council, was for paral total clearance. The lel remorse after such buildings have gone, he has 1973 the demolition of Triangle had been with the history of the Euston Arch does not compiled a book of photographs, measured accepted as part of the total clearance policy seem too fanciful. drawings and descriptive text recording a wide of the Labour dominated Merthyr Tydf il The effects of the Triangle controversy variety of the industrial houses built in Wales council. In simple words, much used locally, have already been widespread, and seem likely during the first century of the I ndustrial the objective was to remove "the arch itecture to continue. Clearly the fact that houses of this Revolution. The 64 page book 'Welsh Industrial of oppression''. Such a policy is quite type have been listed the by Department of the Workers' Housing 1775-1878 is available at 5 85 pence including postage from the National hardly any have been included on the new draft decision on whether the CPO would be ratified; Museum of Wales, Cathavs Park, Cardiff CF1 list of buildings of architectural and historic prolonged silence aroused the worst fears of 3NP. Jeremv Lowe is Senior Lecturer at the interest for the town. The architectural qualitv the Civic Society, and in May 1974 they Welsh School of Architecture, IJM IST in as well as the industrial archaeological interest produced their own plan for the rehabilitation the Cardiff . of the Shobnall Maltings should merit their being of Trinity 3. When it was announced that listed and it is greatly to be hoped that the DoE CPO would go ahead, there was a closing of ranks against the demolition of what was Going for a Burton .... ? There is stilla chance will uphold the District Council's Building to save the last surviving nineteenth century Preservation Notice. Malthouse No.7 is in good becoming recognised as an historic neighbour- f loor-malting in Burton-cn-Trent, the home of the structural condition ard very soundly built and hood. The Ancient Monuments Society and the protested the were of British brewing industry. This is no. 7, Shobnall as the last remaining unaltered malting Bass CPRE both that buildings knock Mahings, uuhich was once a part of a large Charrington should be encouraged to undertake national signif icance, and too important to complex of brewery buildings, the most its renovation to serve as a compliment to their down, and the 'Save Trinity' campaign was born. impressive complex of maltings in Burton and admirable museum in Horninglow Street. The There is no doubt that this strong local feeling possibly in the country as a whole. Shobnall museum, which was opened last year, is situated affected the new Me'rdio District Council's part Maltings belong to Bass Charrington who want in a former brewery building and is the f irst decision to make all of the older of Fronte to redevelop the site Thev demolished a large major museum in this country to concentrate into a Conservation Area, subsequently ratified part of the complex last summer, namelV maltings on the history of the brewing industry. when the DoE agreed Outstanding status. nos. 3 - 6 inclusive. However, East Staffordshire It is fortunate that the housing s{ock already District Council, realizing the unbue quality and There is better news f rom Frome in Somerset, demolished in the Trinity Area, before the new importance of these maltings to Burton's where research by the Campaign for Rescue District Council reversed the oolicv of th is industrial heritage, have served a Building Preser- Archaeology in Avon , G loucestersh ire and predecessor Frome UDC, was of much more vation Notice. This halts f urther demolition until Somerset (CRAAGS) has recentlv reported recent date than that remaining in Trinity 3. the DoE confirm whether they will unhold the that the town has the earliest large area of The houses lost were almost all 19th century, Notice or not. lf the Notice is upheld, demolition industrial workers' housing remaining in and in some respects less amenable to up-grad ing is orevented Britain. Visitors to present day Frome could be than their 17th century counterparts, examples industrial The Bass Shobnall Maltings were built between f orgiven for not k nowing that in the late in Belper and Cromford of 18th century 1813-11 by William Canning, the Company seventeenth century, the town's flourishing industrial housing underline the fact that the Engineer, at a cost of f1 00,000. Each of the woollen industry made it one of the foremost standard of housing provided by'l9th century seven maltings were f our storeys high, 240 ft long textile manufacturing towns in the land. industrialists was in most respects inferior to and 90 {t wide. They were separated by 30 ft The Trinity area was the site of planned those which had gone before. alleyways. This complex of seven parallel building of terraced workers'housing from Conf irmation of Outstanding Conservation maltings was said in 1887 to be the largest in the 1670 onwards. But many of these stone-built Area status for Frome has encouraged Mend ip world belonging to any one brewery. For their houses became dilapidated as the town's District Council to make the most of the In date they incorporated the most modern prosperity declined during the 19th and opportunity of fered by Trinity 3. May 1977 innovations in brewing technology. Originally early 2Oth centuries. In 1960 the Frome UDC they commissioned a preliminary report on how proceed, f all the maltings were of the traditional f loor- obtained a Comoulsorv Purchase Order and rehabilitation might rom Bristol malting type in which the Prouting barley was proceeded to redevelop much of the Trinity architects and planning consultants Moxley, produced spread and turned by hand on the germination area as the first phase of a comprehensive .lenner and Partners. The report was floors before being roasted in the kilns. Thls modernisation plan. A second phase followed in October of the same year and recommends very intensive method of malting has now been in 1968, but by this time the merits of some unequivocally, that 1 1 6 of the 1 43 surviving superseded bV machinery and the malthouses of the original build ings were recognised and orooerties should be rehabilitated rather than nos. 1 and 2 have been extensively altered to one side of Trinity Street was retained for demolished. The report admits that some of accommodate the new equipment. conversion into elderly people's dwellings. the houses fall short of current Parker-Morris Until last summer malthouses nos.3-7, Approval by the Secretary of State for the and other housing standards as regards height which had been used as barley stores, remained Environment of f urther CPOs in the early 1970s of ceiling beams but the consultants suggest wholly unaltered and were undoubtedly the cleared the way for the Local Authority to that there is a case for some of these to be best preserved examples of f loor-maltings to f latten the last remains of the old Trinity relaxed; the wooden staircases, for instance, survive in Burton, a town which has witnessed neighbourhood and replace it with new building may be narrow by the standards of new houses, the almost total destruction of its nineteenth stock. But this coincided with a general wave of but if they have been used without trouble by century brewery heritage ln the last 2O years. discontent and disillusion with the massive families for three hundred years, should thev Indeed, since last summer, not only have nos. schemes of clearance and rebuilding that had now be arbitrarily dismissed as inadequate? 3-6 Shobnall Maltings been demolished but characterised the 1950s and 1960s. A case is also made on the same basis for the two other maltings elsewhere In Burton have Public consultation on the future of retention of coal fires where these have served been lost - cne, dating from 1899 and still in 'Trinity 3' resulted in a strong recommendation the houses well throughout their lives and are use, burned down only two months ago. f rom the Frome and District Civic Society that part of the elusive character of the interiors that It is the brewery buildings in Burton that the remaining housing stock should be would be lost if all the or iginal f eatures were f orm the major part of the town's industrial rehabilitated. The people of Frome had to wait gutted in the interests of uniformity and heritage, yet very few are at present listd and some months for the Secretarv of State's mooern ttv.

6 lf the preliminary plan is implemented, aim of forming a society of those interested in and metallic f lexible steam hose. Prospective through motor traff ic will be re-routed to avoid the work of the newly-f ormed Trust. The purchasers are advised to inspect the goods the centre of Trinity 3, and some existing Chairman of the Trust the Earl of March and before tendering, since in many cases they will thoroughfares will be pedestrianised. A strong Kinrara, said at the time of launching the have lain outside f or some time, and buyers plea is made to retain old lamp posts, cast iron Trust: "We already have inf ormation on several cannot pick and choose particular items f rom a street nameplates and other items of street dozen interesting old buildings which are in a given Iot. Removal must be completed, at the furniture without which much of the area's poor condition and we want to do something buyer's expense, within 28 days of the character will be lost. The consultants see the before it is too late. We owe it to f uture acceptance of a tender. Details of the tendering District Council's role as primarily one of generations to pass on in good repair the best procedure for marine stores can be obtained restoring conf idence in what is ostensibly a buildings from the past. I n Sussex many such from:- L-lirectorate General of Defence rundown slum. lt is unrealistic, in Moxley buildings have been neglected or have been Contracts, Ministry of Defence, Block A, Jenner's view, to expect a private entrepreneur spoilt by alteration, and there has long been a Room B9a, Ensleigh, Bath BA1 5AD. to undertake the comprehensive redevelopment need for some action". The new Trust is a Other Government departments will have similar of the 'l 18 houses dealt with in the report; nor wholly independent organisation, elthough some tendering procedures, details of which are

are they likely, when modernised and upgraded, administrative support is being given by East f req uently advert ised i n specia I ist eng ineer in g to fit into the accepted categories of Local Sussex County Council per iod ica ls. Authority rented accommodation. Mendip The telegraph equipment at RAF Co#ord was, District Council should, in the consultants' Exchange and Mart until recently powered by three motor generator view, restore dignity and self -!'espect to the sets with two control panels. Each of the 3 AC area bv a comprehensive rehabilitation scheme A Hathorn Davey vertical triple expansion steam electric motors has a generator at each end through the whole area. The Council should then engine connected to ram and bucket pumps producing B0 volts DC. The motors were offer the majority of the houses to private f rom its lllf ord Works and off ered by the Essex manufactured in Wolverhampton about 40 vears buyers, possibly through the agency of a Water Company. The machinery is now ago by ECC. The control panels by STC are aiso Housing Association. A proportion should be redundant, as the building would require the believed to be of unusual interest and elegance. retdined in Councilownership, for elderlV or expend iture of large sums if the engines were The Post Off ice is willing to donate these to any single tenants or couples without young children. to be preserved on site. Having already scheduled organisation prepared to preserve them. lf any- In this way a properly balanced social mix of for preservation a Lilleshall Company s1.eam one is interested please contact John Whiteman, residents could be achieved. Owner-occupation engine at its Langford Waterworks, the Company West Midland Telephone Area, Granville House, would help to ensure the particularly cannot justify this heavy expenditure to secure 2301231 Broad Street, Birmingham 815 1BA, sympathetic unkeep that these old houses will the retention of the triple expansion engine on Telephone Walsall (0922) 34480. require if the benefits of such a far-sighted and its present site. The machinery was installed in A 4O hp gas engine dating from about 191 4 and imaginative conservation scheme are not to be 1904-5. Ram pumps beneath the engine are built by Tangye of Birmingham is off ered for lost driven direct from the piston rod cross-heads, sale by Mr W F Ward of Hill Park House, Response to date from the Council to the and well bucket pumps are operated by A Lapworth Street, Lapworth, Solihull, West consultants' recommendations has been frames and wooden pump rods through an Midlands 894 5OS. Enquiries should be addressed favourable. The outstanding CPO has been intermediary crankshaft which is driven through to Mr Ward's secretary Mrs J Turnbull at the formally withdrawn, removing the most heavy herringbone reduction gears from the above address, telephone Lapworth 3251. properties, immediate threat on the and main crankshaft The engines are likely to be The man-powered aeroglane Jupiter, which in Moxley Jenner and Partners have been asked scrapped later this year when the building is June 19-72 f lew for a distance of 1.171 vards prepare to a more detailed report. lf the scheme demolished, but the Company is willing to and established a world record which stood goes ahead, Frome may become a place of donate the steam engine to any museum or until 1976, isavailable to a museum which pilgrlmage f or students of industrial housing preservation organisation that can take it could accommodate it. Jupiter was built in a bid from all over Europe, as Belper, Cromford, away at their own expense. The cost of removal to win the Kremer Prize for man-powered flight New Lanark and already are. Styal and re-erection could wellexceed f 10,000. and still holds the UK record. lt is at oresent Any serious enquiry should be addressed to stored in Lincolnshire. The machine weighs Broxstowe in Nottinghamshire Oistrict Council D F Moye BSc CEng MICE MIWE, Chief 140 lbs; the wing span is no less than 80 ft, and have the EEC's European Habitat (Distribution) won one of Engineer , Essex Water Companv. the length 30 ft. Any museum interested should preservation Awards for its successfu I of 200 342 South Street, Romford, Essex RMI 2AL. write to: Chris Roper, 4 Stukeley Street, Drurv 1gth century miners'cottages in their original Modernisation of the lock pumping station Lane, London WC2. state. One of these is the birthplace of within the Naval Base at Chatham has led to the D H Lawrence, The sum exoended on ietirement of an unusual steam engine thought Preservation of Birmingham (U.S.A,l Blast rehabi litation totalled f 1,200,000. to be about 70 years old and made by J and G Furnaces. The magazine'American Preservation' Rennie of London. Two cylinders are arranged carries in itsSpring 1978 issue an article by Building Conservation Trust formed for Sussex horizontal ly at 90" to each other and drive Gary B Kulik on the proposals for the preserva- The rescue of old buildings and other features onto a common crankpin The compound non- tion of Sloss Company's city f urnaces - of the environment is the principal aim of the condensing steam engine was formerly coupled precisely the sort of problem which has really Sussex Heritage Trust which was set up recently. to an impellor at the level of the lock bottom not yet been tackled in this country. Although So far as buildings are concerned, the Trust will which would pump up to 3250 tons of water the present Works was reconstructed in the late operate mainly by buying or leasing historic per hour. Towards the end of its life the engine 1920s (and continued in production until 1970) buildings in need of repair. After restoration was disconnected from the dockyard's steam the Company was established in the early 1880s. work has been carried out, the Trust will offer supply and operated instead by compressed air The Worl