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Chapter four – A good public transport experience

London has one of the most extensive public transport networks in the world, with more than 9 million trips made every day by bus, tram, Tube, train and river boat. Use of the public transport system has increased by 65 per cent since 2000, largely because of enhanced services and an improved customer experience.

An easy to use and accessible public transport system is an essential part of the Healthy Streets Approach as it gives people alternatives to car use for journeys that are not possible on foot or by cycle. By providing the most efficient and affordable option for journeys that are either impractical or too long to walk or cycle, public transport has helped to reduce Londoners’ dependency on cars during the past 15 years and this trend must continue.

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As it grows, the city requires the public This chapter sets out the importance of The whole journey ‘By 2041, the transport capacity to reduce crowding a whole journey approach, where public A good public transport experience and support increasing numbers of transport improvements are an integral means catering for the whole journey, public transport people travelling more actively, efficiently part of delivering the Healthy Streets with all its stages, from its planning to and sustainably. Figure 18 shows that Approach. The chapter then explains the return home. All public transport system will need by 2041 the public transport system will in four sections how London’s public journeys start or finish on foot or by need to cater for up to around 15 million transport services can be improved for cycle, and half of all walking in London is trips every day. all Londoners and also become a more done to or from public transport stations to cater for up to 1 appealing option than car use by: or stops . It is essential to integrate 15 million trips FORECAST GROWTH IN PUBLIC bus, Tube, rail and tram services with FIGURETRANSPORT 18: FORECAST TRIPS TO 2041 GROWTH IN PUBLIC a) Improving safety, affordability and improvements to street environments every day.’ TRANSPORT TRIPS TO 2041 customer service so the whole public to provide Londoners with attractive 20 transport network becomes easier and alternatives to car use. more convenient to use for more people. The areas around and within stations, 15 b) Improving public transport accessibility however, can be cluttered and difficult so that disabled and older people can to navigate, provision for cycle parking 10 travel spontaneously and independently. can be inconsistent, and interchanges between services can be complex. c) Shaping and growing the bus network to 5 provide convenient, reliable, accessible Stations and stops will be designed for public transport options where they active, efficient and sustainable onward Public transport trips per day (millions) Public transport trips per day 0 are needed. journeys. The first things passengers 2015 2041 will see on emerging from the station will Year d) Making rail services the most be clear walking directions and maps, efficient way for people to travel cycle hire facilities, bus connections and Committed investment Strategy longer distances by tackling crowding an attractive, accessible and inclusive and improving the reliability, comfort public realm, rather than car parking and and appeal of rail travel. pick-up/drop-off spaces.

1 London Travel Demand Survey (LTDS) 2013/14-2015/16, TfL analysis

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Policy 10 system will be to achieve year-on-year Proposal 50 The Mayor, through TfL and the increases in the proportion of people who The Mayor, through TfL and the a) Sufficient space and desire-line boroughs, and working with walk or cycle for at least 20 minutes a day. boroughs, will make improvements connectivity for current and stakeholders, will use the Healthy measured and prioritised against future volumes of people arriving Streets Approach to deliver co- The healthy, efficient and sustainable the Healthy Streets Indicators to and leaving on foot. ordinated improvements to public choice must be the easiest option transform the design and layout of transport and streets to provide an every time, particularly at places where street space and transport facilities b) High-quality provision for attractive whole journey experience people change between transport around bus, rail, Underground, cycling, consistent with London that will facilitate mode shift away modes. This will require good quality, London Overground, DLR and other Cycling Design Standards, from the car. secure cycle parking at a level that stations, and around river piers, including secure and well-located meets current demand and provides as far as practicable, to create cycle parking. for future growth. Buses, cycle hire, safe, secure, accessible, inclusive, The walk to and from the stop or station, Dial-a-Ride and community transport welcoming, well-designed gateways however short, can be an important part services will also need to be easy to and routes to and from public of staying healthy for many people. A key access and navigate to, and taxi ranks transport, including provision of: measure of a more integrated transport should be accessible.

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a) Improving safety, transport system. All parts of the Policy 11 affordability and public transport network will play an The Mayor, through TfL and the c) Training staff on their role in customer service important role in achieving Vision Zero, boroughs, and with the DfT, Network helping customers and users eliminating deaths and serious injuries Rail, train operating companies stay safe. Vision Zero for safe public transport from London’s transport system by and other transport infrastructure Londoners rightly expect their public 2041. The policies and proposals in providers and service operators, will d) Developing new and transport services to be operated this chapter, setting out investment work to eliminate deaths and serious more innovative ways of safely and to be managed and policed in new infrastructure and service injuries from London’s rail, Tube, communicating safety messages to ensure their personal security. After enhancements, as well as other factors London Overground, DLR, tram, river to customers and users. many years of safe operation, there such as staff training, will help develop and cable car services by: was a tram overturning on a curve at an even safer and more secure public e) Applying appropriate Sandilands Junction in November 2016, transport system. a) Ensuring that assets and arrangements for maintenance in which seven people lost their lives infrastructure are maintained to and other supporting services and more than 50 people were injured. Priorities include reducing the danger the required safety standards that are contracted or licensed. This tragedy serves as a reminder that to users on the transport network itself, and that all new assets and safety is paramount. TfL will implement for example when boarding and alighting infrastructure are designed with f) Working closely with the the relevant lessons learnt from both trains, and also reducing the danger Vision Zero in mind. emergency services to ensure the Rail Accident Investigation Branch posed to Londoners more generally, such rapid response to incidents. (RAIB) report2 and TfL’s independent as that which can be associated with b) Identifying and implementing investigation3 more widely across TfL’s level crossings and low railway bridges new approaches to reduce or operations. TfL will continue to work over roads. eliminate injuries. with the wider tram industry to ensure all the RAIB’s recommendations are Sadly, there are a number of suicides implemented and tram safety continues each year on the transport system, and to improve. a range of measures will continue to be The Vision Zero approach to road taken to prevent this, including working danger, including bus services, is set Including and beyond this, the Mayor with the rail industry and organisations out in Chapter three. is committed to ensuring Londoners such as the Samaritans. can travel safely throughout the entire

2 ‘Overturning of a tram at Sandilands Junction, Croydon, 9 November 2016’, Rail Accident Investigation Branch: Rail Accident Report, December 2017

3 ‘Tram overturning at Sandilands, Croydon on 9 November, 2016’, TfL Board Paper: Safety, Sustainability and Human Resources Panel – RAIB and TfL Investigations – Update, 22 January 2018

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Making public transport affordable Policy 12 Enhancing customer service to accurate real-time information and A fully inclusive public transport The Mayor will ensure public In London, almost every resident, worker assistance along the way. There should system would enable all Londoners to transport fare levels are set to and visitor is a customer on the city’s be easy and accessible interchange take advantage of the opportunities enable access to affordable travel transport system. The experience of between different public transport the city has to offer. An affordable fares for all Londoners. travelling around London has improved services and with walking and cycling. system, both now and in the future, is significantly in recent years. However, essential to encouraging a shift from car there are still too many inconsistencies This means, for the rail and Underground to public transport. Members of the public who use non- across the network in terms of quality network, more frequent and reliable trains; TfL services will still be subject to fares and reliability, information provision and fairer, simpler fares (including extending To ensure that public transport is increases, however. Should such rail general integration between different Oyster and contactless payment to more available to those who may find it least services be devolved to TfL, fares will be transport options. This can cause stress stations around the edge of London); affordable, current concessions (such as aligned with TfL’s affordable fares policy, for individuals and, more broadly, weaken modern, staffed stations; and information the Freedom Pass) will be maintained. In with affordability prioritised beyond Londoners’ confidence in the public at every stage of the journey. On the addition, single fares across all current the current 2020 timeframe. As many transport system. An improved quality bus network, there will be improved TfL services have been frozen until Londoners as possible should be able to of service is needed to enable more customer information during disruption 2020, reducing the cost of using TfL benefit from affordable public transport Londoners to positively choose to use and delays, as well as enhanced on-board services in real terms. A new ‘Hopper’ services, with the same fares structure public transport as an alternative to services (e.g. cleanliness, seating and fare was introduced in September 2016 and policy applying across the whole the car. air conditioning). New customer service and then extended in January 2018 transport system in London, whether or standards will be developed for bus to allow customers to make unlimited not it is provided by TfL. stations, and customer-focused training bus or tram transfers within the hour, Policy 13 – with a continuing emphasis on equality even if other trips on Oyster modes are The Mayor, through TfL and issues, particularly for older and disabled made in between. This has improved the Proposal 51 the boroughs, and working with people – will be delivered to all bus drivers affordability of those trips that involve While a Government decision on stakeholders, will seek to make the and front-line staff. the use of multiple buses or trams. It further devolution of rail to London public transport network easier has, in particular, delivered savings to has not been forthcoming, the and more pleasant to use, enabling With 27 million journeys taking place in those who are unable to afford rail travel Mayor will press the Government customers to enjoy comfortable, London every day, inevitably sometimes over longer distances, and helped make to match TfL’s fares freeze in confident, safe and secure, things will go wrong, so it is important the cost of travel by bus or tram more London until 2020, and to prioritise informed and stress-free travel. that TfL and other transport service competitive compared to journeys by car. affordability beyond then. providers support customers when this happens. When there is service Getting the basics right disruption, customers need to be given Across all modes, what customers value up-to-date information that enables them the most is the service provider ‘getting to make alternative travel arrangements. the basics right’. This means providing a Customers should be confident that reliable public transport service that gets staff are helpful, knowledgeable and customers to their destination safely and empowered to assist whenever they on time. Customers should have access need help.

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Customers should feel that they can Consistent level of service trust the fares system. It is important Customers value a consistently good that people are charged the cheapest service. TfL’s management of more of fare and that any errors are fixed. As London’s suburban rail network would part of that commitment, TfL and other support this, bringing staffed stations operators should put in place initiatives and a consistent level of service to areas to reduce the number of maximum fares beyond the existing Tube and London charged should customers forget to Overground networks. TfL has a proven ‘touch out’, for example charging Oyster record of improving customer satisfaction and contactless customers an average on London’s transport system. Figure 19 fare based on journey history. And, if shows the improvement when TfL took customers need a refund for any reason, over and invested in the London the process must be easy to follow. Overground network.

LONDON OVERGROUND OVERALL CUSTOMER EVALUATION SCORE AND PASSENGER JOURNEY STAGES 2009�10 TO 2016�17 FIGURE 19: LONDON OVERGROUND CUSTOMER EVALUATION SCORE AND PASSENGER JOURNEY STAGES, 2009/10-2016/17 100200 200

90 180

80 160 150 70 140

60 120

50100 100

40 80

30 60 stages (millions) Journey 50 60 Overall customer evaluation score score evaluation customer Overall 20 40

10 20 0 0 0 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Year Overall customer evaluation score Journey stages

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Londoners’ travel habits are changing and On the rail and Underground networks, Proposal 52 off-peak, weekend and night-time public rolling out WiFi to more stations will The Mayor, through TfL and the transport services also need to be better support staff in providing customer boroughs, and working with other developed, enabling London to become a information. Staff will be equipped with transport operators, will improve fully 24-hour city that is open to everyone, mobile devices to provide real-time customer service across the with a strong night-time economy. information to customers, and transport system with a focus on: Devolution of suburban rail services personalised and relevant live to the Mayor would help integrate the information will be integrated into a) Improved staff training, including provision of services and achieve a more Journey Planner and Twitter travel the training of bus drivers. consistent experience for customers alerts. The London Underground is across the public transport system. one of the most high-profile 'not- b) Providing a more consistent level spots' in the country and, building on of service across all transport Innovation the improvements in communication modes (including rail services More than 80 per cent of Londoners technology for the emergency services, where devolved from the DfT). now use the TfL website and 5 million 4G mobile communications will be people follow TfL on Twitter. In addition, provided on the Underground. This c) Making the most of new more than 40 per cent of Londoners gives a unique opportunity to provide technology and innovations use some of the 600 apps powered by public cellular services and in 2019 the in customer service, including TfL data. Customer expectations will Elizabeth line is planned to be one of provision of mobile phone continue to evolve as new information the first lines to offer 4G connectivity. access underground. technology emerges. Innovations in customer service are essential to attract On the bus network, vehicle layouts Londoners to public transport, walking and branding could be varied to reflect and cycling, and to make services more customer needs on different types accessible and inclusive. of route. New ‘mobility’ models could also be explored, for example demand- responsive services, where these can make public transport a more attractive alternative to the car.

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b) Improving public transport Addressing these barriers, to create a Policy 14 accessibility and inclusivity more accessible and inclusive public The Mayor, through TfL and the transport system, will enable new trips to boroughs, and working with Making the public transport system be made by disabled and older people, stakeholders, will seek to enhance more accessible and inclusive is critical as well as making their current trips London’s streets and public to delivering a better whole journey easier and quicker. This will improve transport network to enable experience for disabled people and the social integration by giving more disabled and older people to more growing number of older people, and will people a chance to participate in the easily travel spontaneously and also ensure that public transport is easier opportunities that London has to offer, independently, making the transport to use for all Londoners. The transport helping create a more inclusive city. system navigable and accessible system needs to be able to cater for to all and reducing the additional journeys made by people with a range of Accessibility improvements should be journey time that disabled and older visible and invisible disabilities. These complemented by ensuring that the users can experience. include mental health conditions, long- transport network is better connected term health conditions, impaired mobility, across and within all modes and spaces and visual or hearing impairments. through which people travel. Vehicles, Enabling spontaneous and stops, stations and streets should independent travel However, the current public transport be designed to be as inclusive and Currently, 45 per cent of disabled system can present a range of barriers accessible as possible, taking account Londoners find planning and making trips to its use by disabled and older people. of the needs of all users. There should by public transport stressful, sometimes These barriers include the need to be a focus on the needs of customers having to rely on staff assistance to frequently plan journeys across a by providing good information and board and alight trains, as well as often complex network in a high level of detail communication, and passenger support having fewer alternative options should and in advance, inconsistent levels of and assistance should be available, services be delayed or disrupted. This staff availability and assistance, and particularly when services are delayed can make it difficult for disabled and the often poor physical accessibility of or disrupted. Accessibility and inclusion older people to feel they can depend on stations and interchanges. The extent also means that all members of the public transport to travel spontaneously that these barriers limit travel varies from public feel safe and secure when and independently – to ‘turn up and go’. person to person, and some barriers travelling. Transport operators must for some people can be so significant place a greater focus on the needs that they prevent them from using the of all those travelling to help improve network entirely. their services. They should embed accessibility and inclusivity in all aspects of their transport planning and delivery.

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Continuing to improve journey planning • Where a lift is unavailable at a Tube, Proposal 53 Making bus services more accessible tools and travel mentoring programmes TfL Rail or Overground station, staff The Mayor, through TfL and working and inclusive will be important in helping disabled and will help customers plan an alternative with transport operators, will enable Buses are typically the most common form older people feel confident in using the route, or, where a reasonable spontaneous and independent of public transport used by older people, public transport network. The availability alternative is not available, will book travel for disabled and older disabled people and those travelling with of staff to assist, should this be required, a taxi (at TfL’s cost) to take them to people by: children, often with prams or buggies. is also important to enable journeys to be their destination or another step-free Buses are a relatively accessible form made spontaneously and independently. station to continue their journey a) Improving journey planning tools, of public transport – all London buses ensuring advances in technology meet strict accessibility requirements, TfL has staff at all Tube, TfL Rail, and • Staff on board DLR and trams are make the tools more accessible and 95 per cent of bus stops are now Overground stations when services are available to assist and easier to use; and guiding wheelchair accessible. Specific training running, while some piers, all boats, the people to the most accessible on helping those users with accessibility Emirates Air Line and Victoria Coach • Staff should be easy to find at VCS, journey options. needs is being delivered to bus drivers, Station (VCS) are staffed. Trams and Emirates Air Line terminals and on and TfL works with bus operators to buses are staffed by the driver and the piers and boats b) Providing travel mentoring and ensure this training is put into practice DLR has a Passenger Service Assistant other opportunities to help in daily service provision. Nevertheless, on every train. This means that: • Help points can be found and easily Londoners gain confidence to on-board crowding, competition for accessed for assistance throughout use public transport. the designated wheelchair space and • There is no need to book in advance to TfL’s networks to request information the internal layout of the vehicle can use TfL services or speak to staff in an emergency c) Continuing to provide the current negatively impact the experience of ‘turn-up-and-go’ service at using buses. There is therefore a real • Station staff are able to accompany ‘Turn up and go’ is provided on London all TfL-operated stations, and need to further improve bus accessibility customers to the train, help them Overground and will be introduced on providing it at additional stations through future bus design. board, including providing a ramp London’s other local stopping services where national rail services are where step-free access is only to (shown in Figure 29) where responsibility devolved to TfL. In addition to making more bus stops the platform, and arrange for them for them is devolved to TfL from the DfT. wheelchair accessible, at key locations to be met at their destination. Staff d) Continuing to seek and act on such as interchanges, a higher level of are also encouraged to offer help feedback from disabled and improvements will include improving to anyone who looks like they may older Londoners regarding public shelters, seating, interchange need assistance transport services. information, and locating stops as close as possible to key destinations with excellent walking links.

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Proposal 54 consistent wayfinding, tactile paving, The Mayor, through TfL and board space for wheelchair soft-touch hand rails, accessible ticket the boroughs, will improve bus users, improved boarding ramps, machines, more seating for people who accessibility by: induction loops and consistent struggle to stand, and extending the use signage and messages regarding of hearing-aid induction loops across a) Continuing to provide improved priority seating. the network. Most of the network now accessibility training to all bus has these features, but TfL will continue drivers and working with operators d) Continuing to upgrade existing to review them to make sure they are of to ensure they are meeting their bus stops, including hail and ongoing benefit to users. requirements for the level of ride route sections, so that they service that their drivers provide. meet the wheelchair accessible TfL has already set ambitious aims to standard, and ensuring that improve step-free access, and is working b) Reviewing existing bus design, all new and amended bus stops to make 40 per cent of the Tube network including opportunities for will be wheelchair accessible as step-free by 2022 (a significant increase increasing wheelchair space and a minimum. from the current 26 per cent). In this internal layout to ease movement time, TfL will develop proposals for a and improve safety. e) Delivering a higher level of further tranche of step-free stations bus stop accessibility at key for delivery beyond 2022. The Mayor’s c) Ensuring that new buses locations, such as major transport longer-term aim is for the majority provide better accessibility for interchanges and key health and of the Tube network to be step-free, all users, including more on- education hubs. recognising that some locations will be very difficult to retrospectively make step-free because of the age and layout of the original station. Network Rail must Making Tube, rail and other services the quickest route on average across continue to make national rail stations more accessible and inclusive London, although this is considerably step-free in parallel, so that the overall London’s Tube and rail network brings higher in areas served by Tube lines with transport network is more accessible. travel opportunities to millions of people, few step-free stations (see Figure 21). Level access, platform humps and but for people who are older or disabled, boarding ramps must be available at or who are travelling with luggage or The inclusive and accessible design stations so that people can board trains, young children, it can sometimes be hard of stations and services is essential to with staff available who are trained to to get around and journeys that require open up the full potential of the rail and assist, to provide a ‘turn-up-and-go’ a step-free route often take longer than Tube network to all Londoners, including service for those who require assistance those that do not. TfL analysis suggests disabled and older people. This includes such as some people with visual that journeys by step-free routes providing accessible and up-to-date impairments and wheelchair users. take about 15 per cent longer than information on access, appropriate and

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Tube improvement programmes will Proposal 55 Figure 21 shows the reduction in the of extending flexibility and choice in how benefit disabled and older people and The Mayor, through TfL and working difference in journey times between the and when to use ATS. When completed, those travelling with young children in with the DfT, Network Rail and step-free and the full network that the there will be a single integrated service two main ways. Firstly, they will provide other stakeholders, will make the strategy will deliver in the period to 2041. that gives customers seamless access greater capacity and thus reduce transport network more accessible to a range of transport options, including crowding (one of the most significant and inclusive by: Assisted Transport Services London’s public transport and core ATS. barriers to travel for disabled people). The proposals set out above will make As the improved service is implemented, Secondly, the new trains that will be a) Using Inclusive Design, for the public transport network more TfL will engage with other service introduced as part of the programmes example for station and train accessible for disabled and older providers to investigate opportunities for will incorporate inclusive design features layout and facilities, including people. However, there is also a further integration to establish a broader such as spaces for wheelchairs and baby signing, information and seating, pressing need to deliver a more reliable coverage of London. buggies, improved lighting, and visual giving consideration to those with and convenient service for older and and audible real-time information. Their visible and invisible disabilities. disabled Londoners who require door- design, together with platform humps at to-door transport services such as TfL’s Proposal 56 some stations, will also make it easier for b) Providing step-free access at Dial-a-Ride and the Taxicard scheme The Mayor, through TfL and the those in wheelchairs to board and alight. selected rail and Underground operated by London Councils. Services boroughs, will design Assisted stations and on all new such as these, together with TfL’s travel Transport Services around the New infrastructure will be designed infrastructure, to halve the mentoring service, are known collectively principles of safe and reliable from the outset to be accessible and additional journey time required by as Assisted Transport Services (ATS). journeys, convenience, flexibility inclusive, and new lines and extensions those using the step-free network and choice, integration and will therefore open up significant new only, so that journey times on TfL has undertaken a review of the innovation, delivering the Roadmap journey opportunities for disabled and the step-free network become provision of ATS and developed a by 2021, and continuing to provide older people. Notably, the Elizabeth line comparable to those on the wider Roadmap4 for London to have world- the service to those who need it. and Crossrail 2 will transform the ease public transport network. leading service provision by 2021. with which disabled and older people can The Roadmap identifies five design access central London. c) Providing step-free access at principles: safe and reliable journeys; Figure 20 sets out the proposed further national rail stations convenience; flexibility and choice; timetable for delivering accessibility In addition to bus, rail and Tube in London. integration; and innovation. Actions in the improvements. services, to ensure the whole journey Roadmap include: establishing a simpler is accessible, improvements to the d) Improving the accessibility of taxi way to access ATS that will initially accessibility of taxi ranks, river piers ranks, river piers and services, be hosted on the TfL website; better and services, and VCS (and its and Victoria Coach Station (and informing Londoners of what services potential replacement), should continue its potential replacement). are available to support them, their to be made. family or friends; and piloting new ways

4 ‘Assisted Transport Services’, TfL Board Paper: Customer Service and Operational Performance Panel, 1 November 2017

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Supporting Service Upgrading Station Network FIGURE 20: ACCESSIBILITY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Key: programmes enhancements infrastructure upgrades extensions

NOW 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

Enabling Accessible streets Embed accessibility and inclusivity in the planning Continue to deliver improvements to London’s streets, including safe and accessible walking routes, removing spontaneous and and design of Liveable Neighbourhoods, Vision Zero obstacles, widening pavements, providing tactile paving and seating, making crossing easier and catering for independent travel schemes and other Healthy Streets programmes cycles used by disabled people

Customer service and staff Improve accessible Continue to improve on-street and online navigation and journey planning tools journey planning and information provision Implement fare freeze and Continue to ensure public transport fare levels are set to enable access to affordable travel for all Londoners extend Hopper offering Deliver staff training programmes

Safety and security Ensure that crime and the fear of crime remain low on London’s streets and transport system through designing secure environments and by providing dedicated specialist and integrated policing for London’s transport system

Public transport Continue to deliver improvements that make public transport easier for all users, including embedding the principles of Inclusive Design at stations, a review of ‘turn up and go’, and providing a more consistent level of service across all TfL operated services

Taxis Deliver accessible taxi ranks

Making bus services Customer service and staff Deliver bus driver training programmes more accessible and inclusive Bus infrastructure Deliver accessible bus stops Deliver wheelchair accessible bus stops, to achieve 95% in all boroughs Deliver bus priority to improve reliability

Bus services Adjust bus service volumes to reflect changing patterns of demand

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Supporting Service Upgrading Station Network FIGURE 20: ACCESSIBILITY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (CONTINUED) Key: programmes enhancements infrastructure upgrades extensions

NOW 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

Making Tube, rail National rail and Deliver step-free Deliver Access for All step-free upgrades at rail stations (5-10 stations every 5 years) and other services London Overground upgrades at national rail more accessible and London Overground and inclusive stations (eg Blackhorse Road, Brondesbury and West Hampstead) Deliver station capacity and improvement schemes on national rail network Introduce new London Overground rolling-stock

Tube stations Deliver 14 step-free Deliver approximately Deliver approximately Deliver approximately 15 step-free Tube stations Deliver additional (step-free and capacity Tube stations 25 step-free Tube stations 15 step-free Tube stations step-free Tube stations upgrades including step-free) Deliver Tube station Deliver Tube station Deliver Tube station capacity and improvement capacity and improvement capacity and schemes (eg Tottenham schemes (eg Camden Town improvement schemes Court Road) (eg Holborn)

Approximate number of 86 111 126 141 step-free Tube stations (end of period)

Tube improvement Deliver Four-Line modernisation programme Deliver Deep Tube Deliver Deep Tube programme upgrade – Piccadilly line upgrade – Bakerloo, (new trains and reduced crowding) Central and Waterloo & City lines Deliver Tube upgrade programme – Jubilee, Northern and Victoria lines

DLR & tram Deliver DLR and tram upgrades to increase capacity and improve reliability

River & coach Improve accessibility at river piers and Victoria Coach Station (and its potential replacement)

New infrastructure Deliver Northern line Deliver Elizabeth line extension east of Abbey Wood (new step-free and improved extension (including (step-free access in outer south east London) connectivity by accessible 2 step-free stations) public transport) Deliver Bakerloo line Deliver Bakerloo line extension beyond Lewisham Deliver Elizabeth line extension to Lewisham (step-free access in south east London) (including 41 (step-free access in inner step-free stations) south east London) Deliver Crossrail 2 (step-free access to and through central London from north and south west London)

Assisted Transport Deliver Assisted Transport Continue to provide a single integrated Assisted Transport Service to those who need it Services review Services roadmap

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FIGURE 21: DIFFERENCE IN JOURNEY TIMES USING THE STEP-FREE AND FULL NETWORK, 2015 AND 2041 c) Shaping and growing the The role of the bus in reducing 2015 bus network car dependency The bus network has been carefully Buses play a unique role in the life of developed over the past decades to London – they are the most accessible accommodate changing travel demands. form of public transport, and they The transport network and passenger provide the widest and densest network expectations are ever changing and of travel options for distances that are further service development is required too long to walk or cycle. Good bus to adapt to these recent changes. services are fundamental to achieving Difference in journey time less reliance on the car, making efficient The beauty of the bus network is that Higher use of street space and supporting it is flexible – routes are relatively easy London’s sustainable growth. to add and remove compared to Tube and rail lines, so they can be much more In parts of inner and outer London, making responsive to changes in demand than 0 5 miles the bus a more attractive option than the other forms of public transport. This means

Lower car will require significant enhancements that buses can be important in supporting 0 5 km to bus services. Trip times must be regeneration and social integration – Differences are indicative only comparable to car journey times and good where there may not be the justification quality bus stations, bus stops and other for investing in expensive, permanent facilities are vital. Alongside this, better rail infrastructure, new bus routes can be 2041 customer communication and branding planned to connect new communities and are needed to make the bus network both support housing and jobs growth. easier to understand and more appealing to existing and future customers. This flexibility also makes buses the perfect means of providing convenient public transport options in areas of Policy 15 London that are changing. As the Healthy The Mayor, through TfL and the Streets Approach is applied to realise Difference in journey time boroughs, and working with the benefits of more walking, cycling

Higher stakeholders, will transform the and public transport use across the city, quality of bus services so that they the character of many parts of London offer faster, more reliable, accessible, will change over time. Using buses to comfortable and convenient travel support these changes will allow public by public transport, while being transport links to be added where they 0 5 miles integrated with, and complementing, are needed now, and potentially reviewed Lower 0 5 km the rail and Tube networks. as cycling and walking become more Differences are indicative only common options in the future.

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The Healthy Streets Approach will Re-shaping the bus network support buses by reasserting the The current strategy for bus network priority of walking, cycling and public development is to redistribute resources transport over car use, and taking an to reflect changing patterns of demand. integrated approach to planning these There has been, and will continue to complementary modes. It is therefore be, a fall in demand for buses in central important at this pivotal moment in the London as passengers transfer to future of London’s transport system that the new and upgraded rail network a strategic view of how the bus network (e.g. Elizabeth line) and to cycling and operates is taken. walking. Demand for buses is expected to increase in outer London, where the It is essential that TfL’s bus services potential for mode shift to buses and match demand from Londoners and for housing growth is greatest. TfL will visitors, and attract new users by being therefore re-shape the bus network to seen as a viable alternative to the car, increase its focus on outer London. This if they are to fulfil their potential for will help improve bus services in outer supporting London’s transport future. It London – right now, and continuing in the will be important to make the most of the medium and longer term. flexibility of the bus network to reduce and remove existing services where Bus services will be focused on streets they are no longer required in central where high-quality bus priority can and inner London, and use this freed- be provided, ensuring reliable and up capacity to provide new or improved quick services (see Figure 22). In services in outer London. This may be central London, bus services could be in existing neighbourhoods that are concentrated on streets where they poorly served, locations of significant can be given the high priority required new housing growth where demand is and thereby significantly increase expected to increase, or in locations reliability. Concentrating services on to where buses can feed new or enhanced fewer routes with higher frequencies rail services, such as the Elizabeth line. on these streets would reduce waiting TfL will listen to borough views when times for most passengers and offer a making these changes. This will have an simpler network for all bus passengers. important part to play in achieving the This would create a genuine network of strategy’s aim of reducing the damaging high-frequency, reliable bus services effects of car dependency, particularly in across central London, using the Healthy outer London. Streets Approach to design in benefits

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for people walking, cycling and using This strategic approach is supported Across London, reasonable and reliable Protecting buses from congestion will public transport. by focused reviews of services, such bus journey times are essential to require a bus priority programme that as a recently completed study of bus the attractiveness of bus services to uses investment in specific, high-quality In outer London, new or enhanced bus routes serving hospitals. This research existing and potential customers. TfL street changes that will protect bus services will be introduced to reduce concluded that, while most hospitals will make sure bus routes are adequately journey times and improve reliability. car dependency and support growth, have a good bus service, changes in resourced, contracts are incentivised to particularly around Elizabeth line stations NHS service provision mean that some ensure reliable journeys, and supporting Bus priority programme and in areas where housing growth is bus services could need to be adjusted. infrastructure (e.g. bus priority, stops and TfL will start by making the best use expected, including Barking Riverside, A specific set of proposals5 has been stands) is protected and enhanced. of existing bus priority by reviewing Croydon, Royal Docks, Colindale and the developed by TfL, which will require the hours of operation and reducing Lee Valley. additional funding and infrastructure However, the greatest threat to journey interference from general traffic. The such as bus stands. times and reliability is from road Mayor will review whether lanes that As outer London becomes more congestion caused by cars and other do not currently operate in off-peak densely populated, new types of traffic as well as by the increasing hours, late evening or on Saturdays and service could allow buses to play an Proposal 57 volume of utilities road works. Buses Sundays, should be extended to operate increasing role in allowing longer trips The Mayor, through TfL, will adjust therefore need to be given greater at these times or on these days. This can to be carried out without people having bus service volumes, and consider priority on London’s streets. be delivered quickly and at low cost. to rely on cars. These could include new types of bus service, to ‘express’ services, running on the same support measures to reduce car use Further bus priority will be essential to corridors as ‘local’ routes, but with in conjunction with improvements Proposal 58 give Londoners a good public transport fewer stops so longer journeys can to rail services and walking and The Mayor, through TfL and working experience. This will be planned in be conducted more quickly. To allow cycling environments. with the boroughs, will protect a new, holistic way with other road both express and local services to buses from congestion by: users: for example, opportunities for run smoothly, at high frequency, this further improvements for cycling will be approach works best where bus demand Improving bus journey times a) Putting people walking, cycling integrated into the scheme design. This is high, and where buses can be given and reliability and using public transport at the will achieve the best result for public high priority and allowed to flow freely. Taking the Healthy Streets Approach heart of street network design, transport, walking, cycling and essential In places where this is possible, express in inner and outer London will require with the needs of bus passengers freight, as well as improving the public routes could help to provide orbital a significant uplift in the number of considered alongside those of realm and reducing emissions. connectivity around outer London, journeys made by bus instead of car. people walking and cycling at the something that was previously only earliest stages of scheme design. Central London is where there is the thought achievable through rail provision. greatest opportunity to improve bus b) Prioritising buses alongside journey times and reliability through the walking and cycling provision deployment of bus priority measures. in day-to-day management of These will include 24-hour bus lanes disruption on the street network. and bus- and cycle-only corridors, all 5 ‘Review of Bus Services to London’s Hospitals’, TfL Board Paper: Customer Service and Operational of which will help to make bus services Performance Panel, 13 July 2017

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in central London simple to use as well must also work well for the communities The provision of reliable bus services Demand-responsive services as improving air quality and future- and town centres they pass through. also requires infrastructure to support New types of bus service, such as proofing the bus network from further Measures to improve bus reliability on their operation, including suitably located services that operate flexibly in response congestion impacts. these routes will include revised bus bus stands and facilities for drivers. to levels and location of demand, are lane hours, traffic signal priority, policing being developed across the world Many of the main radial roads in inner and enforcement, behaviour change Improved bus services and bus priority as different business models and London are key bus routes to central initiatives and priority measures. To are also essential in supporting the technologies evolve. If designed well, London. They carry large numbers of improve air quality, low emission buses provision of new homes and jobs. This is these could complement walking, cycling people and it is essential they continue will be deployed along these routes. addressed in Chapter five. and traditional public transport use in to do this reliably. But these bus routes London to support the shift away from All of the above can only be successful car dependency. However, services if the public has an ongoing opportunity that operate with the wrong vehicles or to shape and comment on TfL’s plans. in the wrong places could discourage Proposal 59 Accordingly, targeted consultation will walking, cycling and public transport The Mayor, through TfL and the bus lane hours and to fill the gaps be carried out on all service changes, use, potentially threatening the viability boroughs, will seek to improve bus in bus priority on the busiest and TfL will work with boroughs to of existing bus services, which many journey times and reliability by: bus routes. These bus lanes discuss aspirations for bus priority people rely on. The proposed approach represent a valuable transport and local bus networks. This work will to demand-responsive services and a) Developing a core network of asset and they must be utilised continue to benefit from the expertise other new transport models is set out in reliable bus services in central when bus passengers and people of bus operators, who have an essential Chapter six. London, through the provision of cycling need them most. role to play in the delivery of a high- bus priority corridors. quality network. d) Improving conditions for buses b) Delivering bus priority to support serving inner and outer London the low emission buses being town centres and providing rolled out in the 12 Low Emission orbital links. Bus Zones. Improvements will include signal schemes and e) Delivering bus priority in areas reviewing bus lane hours. of growth to support frequency increases, for example to new c) Delivering bus priority on the developments, and for bus busiest passenger links, including services providing links to working with the boroughs to new rail services, such as the undertake a data-led review of all Elizabeth line.

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FIGURE 22: SHAPING AND GROWING THE BUS NETWORK

Eneld

Barnet

Edgware

Wood Green Walthamstow

Romford Ilford Harrow Upminster

Old Oak Dagenham Uxbridge Stratford Common

Southall Ealing

Chiswick Central Activities Zone Woolwich Bus priority/transit in growth areas and town centres Richmond Eltham Heathrow Low Emission Bus Zones Hounslow Lewisham Clapham Busiest bus links Junction Bexley Proposed Silvertown Tunnel (potential new bus routes)

Wimbledon Tram network Kingston Road Croydon Bromley Strategic interchange

Current and potential express corridors

Existing express and limited stop ser vices

Potential orbital express and limited stop corridors Sutton Potential radial express and limited stop corridors

Central London

Oxford Street transformation 0 5 miles Bus priority in central London 0 5 km

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d) Improving rail services and railways focused on central London FIGURE 23: PUBLIC TRANSPORT TRAVEL TIME TO THE CENTRAL ACTIVITIES ZONE, 2015 tackling crowding enables the strong concentration of employment located there. The importance of rail and Tube London is more dependent on rail Figure 23 shows that residents of than any other city in the UK: 70 per most of London can reach the Central cent of all rail travel (including Tube Activities Zone (CAZ) in under an hour, journeys) in the UK is to, from or within with most inner London residents able to London. London’s success is bound up reach the centre in less than 45 minutes. with the future of its rail services. The Mayor will continue to improve the Tube and rail services are of essential Tube, London Overground, DLR and importance to the functioning of the city, tram services. It is vitally important that but too often the experience of using Network Rail and the train operating them is not good enough. Crowding companies (TOCs) better serve London’s is a real problem on most routes into needs, and that the Mayor has greater central London on a daily basis: people input and influence over the planning struggle to get on board trains and and delivery of their services. experience uncomfortable journeys. It is also a significant barrier to using Central Activities Zone

Rail transport is critical to securing public transport for certain users such as Travel time London’s economic growth and future disabled people and those travelling with less than 30 minutes prosperity. The rail-based transport young children. network has enabled central London 30 to 45 minutes to develop by facilitating access to 0 5 miles 45 to 60 minutes a wide labour pool from well beyond Policy 16 more than 60 minutes 0 5 km London’s boundaries, assisting business The Mayor, through TfL and the connections and allowing supply chain boroughs, and working with linkages. Rail-based modes of travel stakeholders, will seek to transform make up 80 per cent of the 1.3 million London’s rail-based services to trips to central London in an average provide safer, modern, reliable, weekday morning peak period. The integrated, accessible and user- network of national rail and TfL lines friendly services, with improved needed to concentrate and then journey times and an increase in disperse such a volume of people is capacity of at least 80 per cent vast, and the ‘hyper-connectivity’ and by 2041 to tackle crowding and capacity of the existing network of facilitate mode shift to rail.

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Growth and crowding on radial services crowded parts of the network. This might A sufficient increase in capacity can only the network. Rail capacity improvements to central London mean walking or cycling in the morning be achieved through building new lines, to central London are shown in Figure 25. Crowding currently exceeds four people peak, for example, rather than making a in particular Crossrail 2, and getting the All the improvements contained in this standing per square metre on six out short journey on a crowded Tube service. most out of the existing network (see strategy and set out in this chapter and of ten Tube lines coming into central The provision of information both Figure 24). The strategy will increase Chapter five are needed to achieve this London. Crowding is also severe on before and during the journey should capacity on all routes to enable growth capacity increase. some national rail lines, such as those be improved, making the most of new and relieve the most crowded sections of coming into Waterloo. At 60 per cent technological opportunities as they arise, of stations within Zone 1, Tube trains to enable Londoners to make best use of depart with crowding in excess of four their available travel options. FIGURE 24: PROPOSED RAIL AND TUBE CAPACITY INCREASES, 2015-2041, people standing per square metre. This is MORNING PEAK HOUR particularly challenging at Tube stations serving national rail termini, with more Proposal 60 than 75 per cent of stations affected. The Mayor, through TfL, will seek to This can make it difficult to board trains consistently deliver real-time data, Crossrail 2 in some cases, and delays journeys. information and visualisations for Elizabeth line the Tube, rail, buses and streets High Employment growth will exacerbate via multiple customer channels. Speed 2 this, generating an increase in travel by TfL will develop real-time tools for all rail modes of more than 50 per cent operational staff to improve the by 2041. A step-change in capacity will communication of overcrowding Elizabeth line be needed to address both of these and congestion information challenges. If just the current investment to customers. programme (which excludes Crossrail Elizabeth line 2) were followed, crowding on the Tube Bakerloo line and rail networks would increase to well Most people travelling on crowded parts Crossrail 2 extension in excess of tolerable levels on some of the public transport system, however, services in the morning peak by 2041, have limited ability to alter their travel as shown by Figure 33. patterns. The provision of significant

additional public transport capacity is Thameslink Capacity increase in upgrade dominant AM peak The first step in tackling crowding is to therefore essential to tackle crowding, to direction (people) inform the public of the best modes, enable mode shift and to provide for the more than 50,000 routes and times for their journey so that expected growth in London’s population. 0 5 miles 10,000 to 50,000 they can, when possible, avoid the most 0 5 km less than 10,000

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FOCUS ON: CROSSRAIL 2

RAILFIGURE CAPACITY 25: PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS RAIL CAPACITY TO CENTRAL IMPROVEMENTS LONDON, MORNING TO CENTRAL PEAK, 2015 LONDON, TO 2041, With London’s population and homes – more than 30 per cent of them WITHMORNING THE STRATEGY PEAK, 2015-41 employment growing, its transport outside London. 100 infrastructure needs major improvements if it is to remain a successful city that can More than that, Crossrail 2 is an support the UK economy and provide a infrastructure scheme of national good quality of life for all its residents. importance. It will be at the heart of 90 the UK’s post-Brexit economy, one of a London is the world’s pre-eminent series of key regional projects to boost international financial and business Britain’s competitiveness. Prioritising 80 centre and the most productive these schemes is not a zero-sum game: economic region in the UK. Home to just a series of infrastructure investments over 13 per cent of the UK’s population, for growth is needed in every region, and 70 it generates around 23 per cent of GVA each new project will support growth and more than 25 per cent of national across the whole country. This will send tax revenues. Through its trade and a clear message that Britain is open for 60 transport links, it also serves as an business and ready to compete. international gateway to the whole of the UK, with the entire nation benefiting Crossrail 2 involves connecting from trade and investment generated existing national rail lines in Surrey and 50 in London. Despite current successes, Hertfordshire with two new 37km tunnels however, the city’s future international from Wimbledon to Tottenham Hale and competitiveness is threatened by New Southgate (see Figure 26). This main 40 significant transport challenges and a section will carry up to 30 trains an hour severe housing shortage. in each direction, increasing London’s

Capacity increase into central London () London central into Capacity increase overall rail capacity by 10 per cent. 30 Crossrail 2 is a major new rail project that must be at the heart of London’s Combined with improved connectivity response to these challenges. It will – the new line will connect with eight

20 benefit businesses, residents and Underground lines, the London commuters across London, the Wider Overground, the Elizabeth line, High Speed South East and the whole nation. It Two (HS2) and national and international will enable London’s highly productive rail services – this extra capacity will 10 economy to continue to grow by helping allow Crossrail 2 to cut journey times to 270,000 more people get into the centre destinations across London. For example, in the morning peak. It will thereby a journey from Clapham Junction to

0 Elizabeth Thameslink HS2 Tube Metroisation Overground DLR Bakerloo line Elizabeth line Crossrail 2 support 200,000 new jobs, as well as Tottenham Court Road will be reduced by line upgrade upgrades and other rail upgrades upgrades extension frequency upgrades enhancement unlocking 200,000 additional new around 15 minutes. Funded schemes Partially funded schemes New funding reuired

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FOCUS ON: CROSSRAIL 2 (continued)

Crossrail 2 will reduce crowding on the will be to users starting their journeys Tube, which threatens to become severe from outside London, and it will deliver by the early 2030s. For example, it will reduced journey times across a wide reduce demand on the busiest section swathe of southern England, from the of the Northern line Morden branch by Solent to the Wash. around 20 per cent. Without Crossrail 2, many Underground station entrances For example, on the South West Main across the network would need to be Line into Waterloo, the UK’s busiest main closed frequently in the future due to line railway, crowding is already severe. overcrowding. Crossrail 2 will prevent Without Crossrail 2, in the 2030s it is this at many of the busiest Underground forecast that there would be five people stations across the network, including squeezed into every square metre of major interchanges at Waterloo, Euston carriage space during peak periods. and Victoria – playing a critical role in Crossrail 2 will transform that crush keeping London moving. by creating space for an additional ten suburban trains and eight additional Moreover, Crossrail 2 will help make the regional trains every hour in the morning transport network far more accessible. peak, and a further ten new trains in the All Crossrail 2 stations will be step-free corridor between Wimbledon and central and Crossrail 2 trains will have wide London. The new capacity it releases doors and aisles, dedicated wheelchair will allow new long-distance services to spaces, and on-board passenger cities such as Portsmouth, Guildford and information. Like the Elizabeth line, it Southampton – key locations for housing will deliver a step-change in London’s and business growth. rail capacity, as well as in links between London and the Wider South East, Meanwhile, Crossrail 2 will also transform and provide an opportunity to enable connectivity for key growth areas in better interchange between public north east London and beyond. It will transport modes, walking and cycling allow at least 12 additional stopping at key stations. trains to run on separate tracks on the West Anglia Main Line, as well as Crossrail 2 is vital not only to prevent releasing extra capacity for regional London’s transport networks coming to services. It will deliver shorter, more a standstill, but to open up connectivity reliable journeys between London, across the whole of the Wider South Cambridge and Stansted Airport – a key East. Around a third of the benefits growth corridor.

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FOCUS ON: CROSSRAIL 2 (continued)

FIGURE 26: CROSSRAIL 2 ROUTE (CONSULTATION 2015) Only a major project bringing frequent, duty and business rates, which TfL’s ‘turn-up-and-go’ rail services can open evidence6 provided to the London Proposed Crossrail 2 route/station Broxbourne up some of the significant areas in need Finance Commission showed can Proposed Crossrail 2 route options of regeneration in London, especially deliver an extra £9bn in zones around Potential future Crossrail 2 HERTFORDSHIRE eastern branch in north east London. Indeed, the route Crossrail 2 stations.

Tunnel entrance Cheshunt has been designed to improve links Waltham Cross and to unlock major opportunities for The proposal for Crossrail 2 commands new housing such as in the deprived widespread public support. It was En‡eld Lock Lee Valley, one of London’s largest unequivocally endorsed in 2016 by ENFIELD Brimsdown ‘Opportunity Areas’ for housing. the National Infrastructure Commission, Ponders End the Government’s independent body BARNET New But the benefits of investing in Crossrail tasked with reviewing the scheme in Southgate Wood Angel Road 2 will also be felt right across the UK. It detail. The Government has already Green Northumberland Park will add up to £150bn to the UK economy. committed sufficient funding to HARROW Alexandra Palace REDBRIDGE It will support the country’s engineering, obtain the necessary powers for its Turnpike Lane Tottenham Hale construction and manufacturing construction, through a hybrid bill in Seven Sisters WALTHAM FOREST ISLINGTON sectors and give them the confidence Parliament. Construction could start in BRENT CAMDEN Dalston HACKNEY to invest, and develop skills. Based on the early 2020s, with Crossrail 2 opening HILLINGDON Angel analysis of the Elizabeth line supply before the arrival of HS2 phase 2b at Euston St Pancras Hackney Central HS2 TOWER NEWHAM chain, it is estimated Crossrail 2 spend Euston in the early 2030s. It is essential EALING HAMLETS Tottenham Court Road with suppliers can, for example, add for the good of the nation that this more than £1bn to the West Midlands project is delivered. Victoria Kings Road Chelsea economy, more than £200m to the north GREENWICH SOUTHWARK east of England and up to £170m to the Clapham Junction HOUNSLOW LAMBETH Scottish economy. During construction, Proposal 61 RICHMOND Crossrail 2 will also support around The Mayor, through TfL, will work UPON LEWISHAM 60,000 full-time jobs across the UK, and with Government and stakeholders Fulwell THAMES Balham Kempton Teddington Wimbledon thousands of apprenticeships. to finalise the Crossrail 2 route Sunbury- Park Tooting on-Thames Kingston Broadway alignment and stations, ensuring MERTON Upper Hampton Raynes Park Halliford Crossrail 2 is affordable. London has the project progresses through Hampton Surbiton New Malden Court Motspur Park shown how it can fund more than half the detailed design phase to gain Shepperton BROMLEY Thames of the £30bn cost over time, and the powers to enable construction to Ditton Tolworth Worcester Park CROYDON project’s huge boost to the national start in the early 2020s, with the Chessington North SUTTON Stoneleigh economy will generate additional line opening by the early 2030s in Chessington South Ewell West tax revenues of up to four times the time for the opening of Phase 2b of SURREY 0 5 miles Epsom remaining half of the costs. These High Speed Two. Crossrail 2 indicative alignment 2015 (subject to change) 0 5 km revenues include growth in stamp

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FIGURE 27: ELIZABETH LINE Watford

Barnet Enfield Loughton

HERTFORDSHIRE Shenfield

Brentwood Edgware

Finchley ESSEX Harold Walthamstow Wood Chadwell Gidea Heath Park Harrow Leyton Romford Upminster BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Ilford Goodmayes Forest Seven Kings Dalston Gate Camden Manor Wembley Maryland Park Town Barking Dagenham Old Oak Uxbridge Common Stratford Farringdon Whitechapel Ealing HS2 Bond Broadway Street To Reading West Hayes & Hanwell Drayton Acton Langley Harlington Paddington Liverpool Main Line Tottenham Thamesmead Street Custom Iver West Court Road Slough Southall Ealing Chiswick Canary House Wharf Opportunity Areas Woolwich Abbey Fulham Wood BERKSHIRE Heathrow Heathrow Airport Central Peckham Tilbury Lewisham Richmond Bexleyheath Central Activities Zone Hounslow Putney Clapham Eltham Dartford North Isle of Dogs Heathrow Junction Gravesend Terminal 4 Elizabeth line Catford (under construction)

Elizabeth line station 0 4 miles Wimbledon KENT Proposed new SURREY Kingston Bromley 0 4 km Elizabeth line station

The Elizabeth line, due to open in 2019, and reduce journey times from east and city, for example, will be able to directly Proposal 62 will increase capacity to central London west London, including Heathrow, to access the West End for the first time. The Mayor, through TfL, will work by about 10 per cent and will transform central London and the Isle of Dogs. It with the DfT to open the Elizabeth the experience of travel across the will reduce congestion at Paddington and The Elizabeth line has been designed line in 2019, with services initially capital. Trains will feature walk-through Liverpool Street and in the West End. The to allow for future increases in capacity, providing 24 trains per hour through carriages, air-conditioning, CCTV and Elizabeth line will mean that an extra 1.5 given the expected demand growth central London and increasing in live travel information. The line, the million people will be within 45 minutes’ associated with an increasing frequency during the 2020s as route of which is shown in Figure 27, will commuting distance of central London; population and growing employment demand requires. relieve crowding on the Tube network those living in the south east of the in the areas it serves.

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Increasing capacity and improving In the longer term, capacity will need Proposal 63 Tube services to be increased across the network. On The Mayor, through TfL, will invest Even with the Elizabeth line, as London the Piccadilly line, new higher-capacity, in the Tube network to improve grows, crowding on the Underground will walk-through trains will be introduced, the capacity and reliability of its increase significantly. Investment in the and signalling and track upgraded. This train services. Tube network is essential to support this will enable frequencies of 33-36 trains anticipated growth, seeking to make the per hour, allowing up to 77,000 additional most of the potential capacity the network journeys in the morning peak. TfL will Capacity increases on national rail can offer. New trains and upgrades to optimise services in west London by services to tackle crowding signalling, track, and train control systems running Piccadilly line services, instead National rail services are vital to London’s will be needed to enable more frequent of the District line, to Ealing Broadway. economy, allowing over half a million services and faster journey times, as This will take place in the 2020s people to travel into central London every well as improved accessibility and a following the upgrades of these lines working day. In addition to commuters more pleasant travelling environment. and will enable increased frequencies arriving from outside London, much of Upgrading the network while providing to the busier Richmond and Wimbledon London itself, especially south London, a safe, frequent service day in, day out branches of the District line. is dependent on the national rail network is extremely challenging and requires for access to the centre. Demand on the significant resources. Investment in Tube On the Victoria line, frequencies were network for travel to central London in the improvements will need to continue over increased in 2017 to a peak of 36 trains morning peak is forecast to rise by at least the lifetime of this strategy. per hour, and further improvements will 50 per cent by 2041, increasing crowding, lengthen the peak period and improve so capacity improvements are needed. The current Four-Line modernisation early morning services, allowing up programme will improve reliability and to 15,000 additional journeys in the Investment is needed in modern, digital ensure a highly efficient service on the morning peak. Frequencies of up to signalling and train control systems Metropolitan, District, Hammersmith 36 trains per hour could be achieved on to enable higher service frequencies & City and Circle lines. Following the the Jubilee line, allowing up to 27,000 and reliability. Digital Railway, the rail roll-out of new walk-through trains, the additional journeys in the morning peak. industry’s plan to modernise the UK’s programme will upgrade signalling and On the Northern line, frequencies of railways through targeted use of digital train control systems to enable higher 30-32 trains per hour could allow up technologies, is expected to deliver service frequencies. This will result in an to 54,000 additional journeys in the improvements in performance and increase to 30 trains per hour in central morning peak. Capacity will also be capacity. In some instances, especially in London by 2021, allowing up to 102,000 increased on the Waterloo & City, Central busy urban areas, this is less disruptive additional journeys in the morning peak, and Bakerloo lines. and more cost-effective than alternative with a further increase to 32 trains per options such as building new tracks. hour in the mid-2020s. The programme The plan focuses primarily on traffic will also provide step-free access from management, which optimises the flow train to platform and a more comfortable journey experience.

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of trains across the network and thereby and in Battersea will allow more trains inner/outer London. The success of the and reliability now offered on the Tube improves performance, and the European to run to Liverpool Street and Waterloo, London Overground orbital network and bus network. Local train services Train Control System, also known as in- respectively. Electrification of more in inner London – where usage has on the Great Northern line and in south cab signalling, which reduces headways of the network (e.g. connections to increased fivefold since the service London (see Figure 28) should be between trains and thereby has the the Gospel Oak line and services to was transformed by TfL – demonstrates modified to create a London suburban potential to improve capacity. Marylebone) and providing more 12-car that Londoners will use public transport metro, offering improved frequencies, train services (with platform extensions services if provided. journey times and interchange In addition to Digital Railway, and station improvements to support opportunities. These improvements improvements in track layouts at key this) are also required to provide the With the exception of London could be delivered by the late 2020s and bottlenecks and capacity upgrades at necessary capacity increases both to Overground and TfL Rail, the Mayor would provide up to 124,000 additional stations would both allow more trains to and within London. does not have direct control over the places into central London in the peak run. More capacity is needed on both local TOCs that provide local train services period from south London, and up to and longer-distance services, the latter In the longer term, improvement works in London. Overall, the reliability and 38,000 additional places in the peak being used by outer London residents, will be needed to relieve bottlenecks quality of the services provided by period on non-radial services around as well as people travelling from further at places such as Clapham Junction, these TOCs – which provide most of the inner and outer London. Journey times afield. Partnership working between the Lewisham and Herne Hill. Many of these services used by Londoners – continue could improve by up to 15 per cent. As Mayor, TfL, Network Rail and the DfT is schemes will support proposals for more to lag behind that of London Overground outlined in Proposal 64, TfL will work with crucial to delivering these improvements. metro-like suburban rail services as and TfL Rail, and hence the Mayor has Network Rail to identify and deliver the described in the next section. concerns regarding their ability to improvements to signalling, train control The first priority is the Brighton Main contribute to achieving the vision and systems, junctions and stations that are Line, where a major upgrade is needed to aims of this strategy. needed to make best use of the network. unlock bottlenecks at East Croydon and Proposal 64 other locations on the line that passes The Mayor, through TfL, will work Responsibility for these services through Gatwick Airport. This will have with Network Rail and the DfT on should therefore be devolved from DfT Proposal 65 substantial benefits for commuters schemes that will increase the to the Mayor (see Focus on: Devolution The Mayor, through TfL, will work using fast services from Croydon and capacity and reliability of the of Suburban Rail Services to TfL Control), with Network Rail, train operating outside London, as well as unlocking new national rail network to and within who would then work to ensure they companies and stakeholders capacity for better local services across London, managing crowding on both are improved to provide better levels to seek the modification of the South London, allowing more people to local and longer-distance services. of service. planning of local train services commute to Croydon town centre by rail. from Moorgate, Victoria and A new London suburban metro London Bridge to create a London Other priorities include additional Rail services to enable mode shift from South London relies on its suburban suburban metro, offering improved Southeastern rolling stock, increased car in inner and outer London rail network for connectivity to central frequencies, journey times and frequencies into Moorgate, longer While rail and Tube are the main modes London. However, there is a substantial interchange opportunities by the trains into Fenchurch Street and of radial travel to central London, and growing gap between the level of late 2020s. improvements on the West Anglia Main cars are the principal means by which service that can be offered on national Line. Reconfiguration of tracks at Bow Londoners make orbital journeys in rail in south London, and the frequency

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FOCUS ON: DEVOLUTION OF SUBURBAN RAIL SERVICES TO PROPOSED LONDON SUBURBAN METRO IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST LONDON TFL CONTROL PROPOSED LONDON SUBURBAN METRO IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST LONDON

Charing Cross FIGURE 28: PROPOSEDVictoria LONDONBlackfriars SUBURBAN METRO IN SOUTH LONDON Through the success of London services within the London area or Shepherd’s Bush Cannon St Canada Water Charing Waterloo Overground, TfL has demonstrated that slightly beyond where the geography Cross East Woolwich Arsenal Victoria Blackfriars Shepherd’s Bush Cannon St Canada Water Slade Green it can significantly improve customer of the railway network requires it. Waterloo New Cross East London Woolwich Arsenal Bridge service. This same quality service should Passengers using longer-distance Lewisham SladeDartford Green PeckhamLondon New Cross be available to all Londoners. While services, which would remain the RyeBridge LewishamBlackheath Barnehurst Dartford the capacity enhancements described responsibility of the DfT, would be Peckham Clapham Rye Hither Green Junction Herne Hill Brockley above are crucial, even greater benefits unaffected in terms of fares, train New high-level Blackheath Barnehurst Tulse Hill platforms to Londoners could be achieved if they stopping patterns or relative priority Clapham Hither GreenSidcup Junction Herne Hill Brockley Potential new were accompanied by devolution from of services. TfL would have no ability Tulse Hill high-level platforms GroveSidcup Park the DfT to TfL of specifications for local to alter their timetables, although TfL Catford Bromley train services in London within the South estimates there would be beneficial Wimbledon North Grove Park Catford Eastern, South Western, South Central knock-on reliability improvements as Bromley Wimbledon Crystal North and Great Northern franchises as soon a result of devolving local stopping Streatham Palace Beckenham Bromley Common Junction South New high-level Crystal Norwood as practicably possible. There is a strong services to TfL. Streatham Orpington platformsCommon Palace Junction Beckenham Bromley Potential new West Junction South business case for devolution of these Norwood high-leWallingtonvel Croydon Orpington platforms Junction Hayes services as it would make the creation of Figure 29 shows the assumed East Sevenoaks West Croydon Cheam Wallington Croydon a London suburban metro much simpler geographic scope of the local stopping Sutton Hayes Tattenham Corner East Sevenoaks and faster, and would provide greater services that would transfer to TfL Cheam Croydon Epsom Sutton Caterham benefits for Londoners and visitors alike. under devolution. Almost 50 per cent Epsom Downs Tattenham Corner Epsom of passenger journeys on these local To Dorking Caterham & HorshamEpsom Downs Devolution would enable the Mayor to stopping services are made on the To Dorking put in place better incentives for the existing London Overground network & Horsham franchisee to deliver the same reliability and the services that will form part of standards as London Overground, and to the Elizabeth line. Overground (2017) specify improved service frequencies at South Central South Eastern CouldOvergr beound contracted (2017) by TfL using off-peak times, especially at weekends. Overground brand, subject to operationalSouth Cent raanalysisl South Eastern Stations would be more welcoming, with Proposal 66 Could be contracted by TfL using staffing from first to last trains, and a The Mayor, through TfL, will OtherOvergr relatedound br servicesand, subject to Mayoper notational be contractedanalysis by TfL cleaner, brighter environment. There continue to seek the devolution for operational reasons Other related services May not be contracted by TfL would be integrated travel advice and from DfT to the Mayor/TfL of the for operational reasons improved information, as well as a move responsibility for local stopping rail towards more affordable, simple and services in London in the interest integrated fares over time, and increased of providing improved customer availability of step-free access and ‘turn- services more efficiently and up-and-go’ travel for wheelchair users. more quickly, and to enable better integration with London’s wider With devolution, TfL’s role would be transport system. restricted to selected local passenger

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A GOOD PUBLIC TRANSPORT EXPERIENCE 183

FIGURE 29: ASSUMED GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE OF THE LOCAL STOPPING SERVICES THAT WOULD TRANSFER TO TFL UNDER DEVOLUTION

To Cheshunt To Welwyn Stevenage HERTFORDSHIRE Garden City

Watford Junction Eneld ESSEX Town

Sheneld Bushey Chingford

Brentwood Alexandra Palace Seven Harrow & Sisters Walthamstow Central/ Romford BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Wealdstone Walthamstow Queen’s Road Finsbury Gospel Park Upminster Oak Highbury Hackney Downs/ Ilford Wembley & Islington Hackney Central Central Barking Willesden Stratford Junction Euston Old Oak Hythe Road Moorgate Barking Common Lane Cannon Custom Riverside Old Oak Liverpool Street House To Reading Street Common London THURROCK Ealing Charing Bridge Broadway Cross Canary Shepherd’s Waterloo/ Victoria Wharf Bush Waterloo East Charlton New Woolwich Abbey Vauxhall Bermondsey Arsenal Wood Heathrow New Cross BERKSHIRE Terminals 2 & 3 Brixton Peckham Lewisham Heathrow Clapham Rye Terminal 4 Richmond Junction To Windsor & Dartford Gravesend Eton Riverside Tulse Hill Catford Feltham Balham Bridge Grove Park

Staines Wimbledon Crystal Palace Bromley North Beckenham Hampton Mitcham Junction Court Junction Shepperton West Croydon Orpington East Hayes Croydon KENT Sutton London Weybridge Chessington South London Overground Epsom Purley SURREY Proposed London Overground extension to Barking Riverside Epsom Downs 0 5 miles Prospective London Overground services To Dorking Tattenham To Caterham To Sevenoaks Elizabeth line (under construction) Corner 0 5 km

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Improving rail services to town centres IMPROVEDFIGURE 30: ORBITAL POTENTIAL RAIL MINI-RADIAL LINKS IN INNER HUBS AND AND OUTER IMPROVED LONDON, ORBITAL 2041 RAIL LINKS Travel in much of inner and outer London IN INNER AND OUTER LONDON

Victoria will be transformed by improved rail Hertford/ Crossrail 2 Luton Stevenage links to town centres, creating new rail Seven Victoria Sisters/ Crossrail 2 hubs. Town centres would be served South Tottenham Watford/Wembley/ Tottenham Hale by ‘mini-radial’ networks, developed by West Coast Main Line Walthamstow Central/ ueens Road improving train services on existing lines, Victoria

opening some new lines, and creating Cricklewood Hackney Gospel Central/ Willesden Junction Oak Downs StratfordJubilee new interchange hubs. Linked together, Elizabeth OldBakerloo Oak Central District Elizabeth these mini-radial networks could provide Hammersmith West Highbury & City Hampstead & Islington Jubilee for orbital trips to be made by rail in Jubilee Victoria Barking Canning inner and outer London. Figure 30 shows Piccadilly Tow n 1000m Shadwell potential mini-radial hubs and orbital Hounslow Staines/ rail links. Twickenham Elizabeth

Bakerloo line Woolwich Crossrail 2 extension Arsenal Improved orbital rail services, integrated Clapham Peckham Lewisham Abbey Junction Rye Wood/ with bus services and improvements Staines/ Dartford Twickenham Bexleyheath/ Richmond Dartford for cycling and walking, would enable District Brockley Interchange significant benefits to be achieved District Crossrail 2 Streatham Common across most of inner London and Wimbledon Interchange Bromley/ much of outer London from what is Orpington Kingston/ largely the existing rail infrastructure. Twickenham West Croydon An improvement to the orbital network Mitcham Elmers would enable mode shift and reduce Epsom Junction End Sutton/ reliance on the car by providing more Epsom East Croydon options for Londoners to take good- quality, reliable, less crowded and fast London Overground Overground extension public transport to local destinations Trams Trams extension in inner and outer London. The ‘reach’ of the step-free network would also DLR be enhanced, in a cost-effective way, Selected suburban connections therefore increasing options for disabled Potential orbital extensions users and those travelling with, for Strategic interchanges example, baby buggies or luggage. Other interchanges

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The improved orbital network would These interchanges are critical as they longer trains and/or higher frequencies improving London’s orbital connectivity. provide ‘knock-on’ benefits for users have superior connectivity in their on the North and West London lines Capacity and other improvements are on some of the most crowded and respective areas of London. They can by the mid-2020s, and potentially new required on each of these networks to congested parts of the network: it each provide multiple high-frequency stations at Old Oak, enabling a service cater for mode shift from the car in the would reduce the need to travel to/ radial services to central London, high- offering 10-12 trains per hour between areas they serve, and also to connect through central London to reach the final quality orbital services that connect Clapham Junction and Old Oak. This better with the broader orbital network. destination, thereby reducing pressure to other parts of London and high- will meet growing demand, and support on rail terminals and public transport frequency local bus services. growth at Old Oak and Stratford. Rapid office and residential development routes to central London. The orbital in east London has meant a significant network would also improve public Stratford and Clapham Junction are Also by the 2020s, improved signalling increase in use of the DLR, which is transport network connectivity and well-established hubs, but they are both will enable train frequencies on the forecast to continue – it is essential resilience at times of service disruption. becoming congested and more capacity East London line to be increased from therefore that capacity on this network is needed. Lewisham is a very significant 16 to 20 and then to 24 trains per hour. is improved. local hub but needs a major upgrade and This will allow more trains to serve Proposal 67 more frequent rail connections to the Clapham Junction, and the rest of the The Mayor, through TfL, rest of south London to fulfil its potential line via Forest Hill. Targeted capacity Proposal 69 will work to encourage the as a strategic interchange. A new London improvements on the Watford-Euston The Mayor, through TfL, will development and integration of suburban metro would support this. Old and West Anglia lines should be provided increase the capacity of the existing inner and outer London rail services Oak is an emerging hub that will need in partnership with Network Rail. Docklands Light Railway network and multi-modal interchange new stations and connections to enable by 120 per cent by 2041 through hubs to create ‘mini-radial’ public it to act as a major strategic interchange the introduction of a new higher- transport links to town centres and for north west London. Proposal 68 capacity train fleet and improved to provide improved ‘orbital’ public The Mayor, through TfL, will work frequencies (towards 30 trains per transport connectivity. Priority should also be given to with the DfT to increase the hour across more of the network), enhancing step-free connectivity at capacity of the London Overground accompanied by greater station stations and busy bus interchanges, network by 45 per cent by 2030. capacity at major development sites In the first instance, improving the enabling multi-modal travel. and transport interchanges. orbital rail network means enhancing those interchanges that maximise public Current investment will enable an The tram and Docklands Light Railway transport connectivity across inner upgraded service on the Gospel Oak (DLR) networks provide radial services to and outer London at Clapham Junction, to Barking line in 2018 with longer, rapidly growing Croydon, and to the City Lewisham, Stratford and potentially electric trains. Beyond this, a capacity and Isle of Dogs areas respectively. In Old Oak. enhancement programme should provide doing so, the networks also contribute to

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A significant capacity increase is Station capacity Proposal 71 needed on the tram system serving The increased capacity of train services The Mayor, through TfL and Croydon and south London to address described above must be accompanied working with Network Rail and the crowding and help accommodate the by improved station capacity in some boroughs, will deliver a programme anticipated growth in homes and jobs locations. Without this, stations can of station capacity improvements in south London, without reliance on become bottlenecks, reducing the ability to complement line capacity the car. This will be achieved by means of the system to run smoothly, and enhancements and to improve the of new track to enable more trams to resulting in station closures to ensure overall public transport journey run to central Croydon by 2030, and a safety. Put simply, station capacity experience in London. new and expanded tram fleet. Peak tram enhancements must be delivered in frequencies will be increased, from 12 tandem with train service capacity trams per hour to 18 trams per hour improvements for the system to work Extensions of the Bakerloo line to or more on services west of Croydon as a whole. Lewisham and beyond (providing extra (towards Wimbledon), and from 22 trams capacity on the Tube for 65,000 journeys per hour to 30 trams per hour on services On the Tube network, works are already in the morning and evening peak), of the east of Croydon (towards Beckenham under way at Victoria, Bond Street and London Overground to Barking Riverside, Junction/Elmers End/New Addington). Bank. Station capacity improvements will of the Northern line to Battersea, and of Longer trams will also be introduced to also be needed at Baker Street, Holborn, the DLR to Thamesmead will enable more increase capacity. Camden Town and other major central Londoners to use public transport and London stations. On the rail network, reduce future car dependency. These The above improvements will deliver priority stations include Liverpool schemes, which will unlock development, an 85 per cent increase in total tram Street, Clapham Junction, Wimbledon, are described in Chapter five. capacity to and from Croydon town East Croydon, Barking, Lewisham and centre. Most passengers will have a wait Peckham Rye. Crowding and connectivity time of less than four minutes. Some of the proposals to improve the Major station schemes to relieve station rail and Tube network are shown in congestion also enable improvements Figure 31. The public transport capacity Proposal 70 to be made to station and interchange enhancements included in the strategy The Mayor, through TfL, will accessibility, with inclusive design, lifts will reduce the amount of crowding upgrade the tram system to improve and step-free access provided. These and offer better connections across its reliability and to increase its measures benefit all users of the station. the city. Figures 32 and 33 show the capacity by 85 per cent to/from improvement in crowding delivered by Croydon by 2030. the funded programme only compared to that delivered by the full strategy, respectively. Figure 34 shows how access to jobs will be expanded by new and improved public transport services.

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FIGURE 31: STRATEGIC RAIL NETWORK

To Welwyn To To Broxbourne Garden City Stevenage & connections to Stansted Airport

Watford Eneld Loughton To the West Midlands, Manchester, Leeds & beyond Barnet Shen
eld Central Activities Zone Brentwood Opportunity Areas Wood Green London

Romford Strategic Rail Network Harrow Existing network Ilford Upminster Stratford Transport for London

National rail Old Oak Barking Uxbridge Common

Current network improvements To Reading Ealing Elizabeth line Northern line extension Woolwich Proposed network improvements Heathrow To Windsor & Crossrail 2 Eton Riverside Hounslow Lewisham Clapham Crossrail 2 route options Junction High Speed 2 Gravesend London Overground extension to Barking Riverside Kingston Tram extensions

Virginia Bakerloo line extension Water Bromley Hampton Shepperton Court Croydon Potential network improvements

Weybridge Elizabeth line extension Docklands Light Railway Chessington Sutton extensions Other London Overground extensions Epsom Epsom Prospective London Downs Overground services Strategic Interchange 0 5 miles

Crossrail 2 indicative alignment 2015 (subject to change ) 0 5 km To Dorking Sevenoaks Map does not include rail links that would be needed to suppor t an expanded Heathrow VERSION FOR PUBLICATION A GOOD PUBLIC TRANSPORT EXPERIENCE 193 414a CROWDING ON THE RAIL, TUBE, DLR AND TRAM NETWORK, 2041, MORNING PEAK, WITH ONLY COMMITTED INVESTMENT �IE EXCLUDING CROSSRAIL 2 AND OTHER CURRENTLY UNFUNDED SCHEMES� FIGURE 32: CROWDING ON THE RAIL, TUBE, DLR AND TRAM NETWORK, 2041, MORNING PEAK, Chesham Watford Junction Broxbourne Elstree & Hadley Wood Crews Hill Epping 414a WITH ONLY COMMITTED INVESTMENT (IE, EXCLUDING CROSSRAIL 2 AND OTHER CURRENTLY CROWDING ON THEAmer RAIL,sham TUBE, DLR AND TRAM NETWORK, 2041, MORNING PEAK,Borehamwood WITH ONLY COMMITTED INVESTMENT �IE EXCLUDING CROSSRAIL 2 AND OTHER CURRENTLY UNFUNDED SCHEMES� Cockfosters UNFUNDED SCHEMES) High Barnet Croxley Enfield Chesham Town Watford Junction Broxbourne Elstree & Hadley Wood Crews Hill Epping Amersham Borehamwood

Edgware Cockfosters Chingford

Stanmore High Barnet Croxley Enfield Shenfield Town Chigwell Harrow & Wealdstone Uxbridge

Alexandra Palace Edgware Wood Green Chingford

Stanmore Harrow- Wembley Rayners Lane Shenfield on-the-Hill Park Chigwell Brent Cross Blackhorse Harrow & Wealdstone Seven Tottenham UxSboridutghe Neasden Road Ruislip Sisters Hale Walthamstow Alexandra Palace Wood Green Central Sudbury Hill Romford Harrow Upminster Harrow- Wembley Rayners Lane Gospel Oak on-the-Hill Park Wembley Central Brent Cross Blackhorse Sudbury Hill Seven Tottenham South Neasden Road Ruislip Sisters Hale Leytonstone Walthamstow Central Kentish Town Sudbury Hill West Hampstead Finsbury Park Romford Harrow Willesden Junction Gospel Stratford Upminster Oak International Greenford Sudbury Hill Wembley Central Finchley Road Camden Town Hackney Leytonstone Canonbury ueen’s Park Central Stratford Ilford Kentish Town West Hampstead Finsbury Park Stratford Willesden Junction St Pancras Highbury King’s International Greenford Int Cross & Islington Camden Town Edgware Finchley Road Road Marylebone Baker Street Old Oak Common Euston Hackney Canonbury Central Ilford ueen’s Park Stratford Grays Farringdon Old Street Park Edgware Warren Euston St Pancras Bethnal Royal Road Street Suare Int KingL’isverpool HighbuGryreen Mile End Bow Paddington & Islington Westbourne Park Cross Street Road Russell Barking EdBgownadre Suare Marylebone StreeRotad Oxford Baker Street Euston Ealing Old Oak CShepheommonrds Notting Circus Moorgate Bow Holborn West Ham West Broadway White City Bush Hill Gate Church Grays Drayton Euston Farringdon Old Street Park Warren Aldgate Bethnal EdTogttenhwaream Suare Whitechapel Royal Street City EaLsitverpool Green Mile End Wood RCoaurtd Road Bow Paddington Covent Thameslink Street Lane Westbourne Park Bank Aldgate Road High Street Garden Russell Barking Kensington Green Park Suare Canning Custom House Leicester for ExCel Ealing Kensington Oxford Town Ealing Shepherds Notting Suare Moorgate Common (Olympia) Piccadilly Circus Holborn Bow West Ham West Broadway White City Bush Hill Gate Blackfriars Circus Cannon Monument Tower Tower Poplar Church Drayton Charing Acton Street Hill Gateway Aldgate Cross Whitechapel Town Earls Bond Tottenham Covent East Hammersmith WooCdourt Street Court Road Garden City Bank Lane HigVichto Streeria t Thameslink Aldgate Kensington Green Park Canning Custom House Kensington Embankment Leicester Town for ExCel Ealing South Westminster (Olympia) Piccadilly Suare Common Kensington Blackfriars North Beckton Circus Cannon Monument Tower Tower Poplar Charing Greenwich Acton Street Hill Gateway West Earls Cross London City Airport Town Brompton Hounslow Hammersmith Court London Bridge Canada Water Canary Wharf Victoria Central Waterloo Gunnersbury and Waterloo Embankment South Westminster East Kensington North Beckton Greenwich West Vauxhall Cutty Sark for London City Airport Brompton Elephant & Castle Heathrow Hounslow London Bridge Canada Water MaritimeC anary Wharf Terminals Central Greenwich 1,2,3 Gunnersbury Waterloo and Waterloo East Battersea Greenwich Woolwich Power Station New Cross Arsenal Clapham Junction Vauxhall ueens Road Peckham Cutty Sark for Heathrow Heathrow Stockwell Slade Green Heathrow Maritime Terminal 5 Terminal 4 Denmark Hill Elephant & Castle Terminals Richmond Clapham High Street New Cross Gate Greenwich 1,2,3 Clapham North Battersea Greenwich Woolwich Peckham Rye Lewisham Barnehurst Power Station New Cross Arsenal Clapham Feltham ueens Road Peckham Junction Balham Brixton Heathrow Heathrow Wimbledon Stockwell Slade Green Terminal 5 Terminal 4 Clapham High Street Denmark Hill Richmond Sydenham New Cross Gate Crayford ClaphaHernem Nort Hilh l Catford Catford Bridge Tooting Peckham Rye Lewisham Barnehurst Broadway Grove Park Feltham Tulse Crystal Balham Brixton Wimbledon Hill Palace Sydenham Herne Hill Hampton Kingston Crayford South Wimbledon St Mary Cray Birkbeck Catford Catford Bridge Tooting Broadway Bromley South Grove Park Streatham Tulse Crystal Morden Common Hill Palace Beckenham Junction Hampton Hampton Surbiton Kingston Norwood Orpington Court South Wimbledon St Mary Cray Junction Birkbeck

Elmers End Bromley South Streatham Knockholt Morden Common Beckenham Mitcham Junction Hampton Junction Surbiton Norwood Orpington Court Junction West Croydon Hayes Elmers End Knockholt East 2 Mitcham Croydon 1 standing/m Junction 2 Chessington South 1 to 2 standing/m Sutton West Hayes Croydon 2 2 to 3 standing/m East 2 Ewell West 3 to 4 standi1n gst/mand2 ing/m Croydon Chessington South 2 2 Ewell East Coulsdon South New Addington 4 to 5 stand1i ntog /2m standing/m Sutton Upper Warlingham 2 2 5 standing2/ tom 3 standing/m Epsom Downs Tattenham Corner Caterham Ewell West 3 to 4 standing/m2 Ewell East Coulsdon South New Addington 4 to 5 standing/m2 Upper Warlingham 2 5 standing/m Epsom Downs Tattenham Corner Caterham VERSION FOR PUBLICATION A GOOD PUBLIC TRANSPORT EXPERIENCE 195 414b CROWDING ON THE RAIL, TUBE, DLR AND TRAM NETWORK, 2041, MORNING PEAK, WITH THE STRATEGY FIGURE 33: CROWDING ON THE RAIL, TUBE, DLR AND TRAM NETWORK, 2041, MORNING PEAK, Chesham Watford Junction Broxbourne Elstree & Hadley Wood Crews Hill Epping 414b WITH THE (FULL) STRATEGY CROWDING ON THEAmer RAIL,sham TUBE, DLR AND TRAM NETWORK, 2041, MORNING PEAK,Borehamwood WITH THE STRATEGY Cockfosters High Barnet Croxley Enfield Chesham Town Watford Junction Broxbourne Elstree & Hadley Wood Crews Hill Epping Amersham Borehamwood

Edgware Cockfosters Chingford

Stanmore High Barnet Croxley Enfield Shenfield Town Chigwell Harrow & Wealdstone Uxbridge

Alexandra Palace Edgware Wood Green Chingford

Stanmore Harrow- Wembley Rayners Lane Shenfield on-the-Hill Park Chigwell Brent Cross Blackhorse Harrow & Wealdstone Seven Tottenham UxbSroidutghe Neasden Road Ruislip Sisters Hale Walthamstow Alexandra Palace Wood Green Central Sudbury Hill Romford Harrow Upminster Harrow- Wembley Rayners Lane Gospel Oak on-the-Hill Park Wembley Central Brent Cross Blackhorse Sudbury Hill Seven Tottenham South Neasden Road Ruislip Sisters Hale Leytonstone Walthamstow Central Kentish Town Sudbury Hill West Hampstead Finsbury Park Romford Harrow Willesden Junction Gospel Stratford Upminster Oak International Greenford Wembley Central Sudbury Hill Finchley Road Camden Town Hackney Leytonstone Canonbury Ilford ueen’s Park Central Kentish Town West Hampstead Finsbury Park Stratford Stratford Willesden Junction St Pancras Highbury King’s International Greenford Int Cross & Islington Camden Town Edgware Finchley Road Marylebone Road Baker Street Euston Hackney Old Oak Common Canonbury Central Stratford Ilford ueen’s Park Grays Farringdon Old Street Park Edgware Warren Euston St Pancras Bethnal Suare Royal Road Street Int KingL’isverpool HighbuGryreen Mile End Bow Paddington & Islington Westbourne Park Cross Street Road Russell Barking EdBgownadre Suare Road OxfMaoryrdlebone Baker Street Street Euston Moorgate Ealing White Old Oak CShepheommonrds Notting Circus Bow Holborn West Ham West Broadway City Bush Hill Gate Church Grays Drayton Euston Farringdon Old Street Park Edgware Warren Aldgate Bethnal Tottenham Suare Whitechapel Royal Road Street City EaLsivterpool Green Mile End Bow Wood Paddington Court Road Covent Thameslink Russell Bank Street Road Lane HigWeh Streestbournt e Park Garden Aldgate Suare Barking Kensington Green Park Canning Custom House Leicester Kensington Oxford Town for ExCel Ealing Ealing Shepherds Notting Suare Moorgate Bow (Olympia) Piccadilly Circus Holborn West Ham West Common Broadway White City Bush Hill Gate Blackfriars Church Circus Cannon Monument Tower Tower Poplar Drayton Charing Acton Street Hill Gateway Aldgate Cross Covent Whitechapel Town Earls Bond Tottenham East Hammersmith WooCdourt Street Court Garden City Bank Lane Victoria High Street Road Thameslink Aldgate Kensington Green Park Canning Custom House Ealing Kensington Embankment Leicester Town for ExCel South Westminster Common (Olympia) Piccadilly Suare Kensington Blackfriars North Beckton Circus Cannon Monument Tower Tower Poplar Charing Greenwich Acton Street Hill Gateway West Earls Cross London City Airport Town Brompton Hounslow Hammersmith Court London Bridge Canada Water Canary Wharf Victoria Central Waterloo Gunnersbury and Waterloo Embankment South Westminster East Kensington North Beckton Greenwich West Vauxhall Cutty Sark for London City Airport Brompton Elephant & Castle Heathrow Hounslow London Bridge Canada Water MaritimeC anary Wharf Terminals Central Greenwich Gunnersbury 1,2,3 Waterloo and Waterloo East Battersea Greenwich Woolwich Power Station New Cross Arsenal Clapham Junction Vauxhall ueens Road Peckham New Cutty Sark for Heathrow Heathrow Stockwell Maritime Slade Green Heathrow Cross Gate Terminal 5 Terminal 4 Denmark Hill Terminals Richmond Clapham High Street Greenwich Elephant & Castle 1,2,3 Clapham North Battersea Greenwich Woolwich Peckham Rye Lewisham Barnehurst Power Station New Cross Arsenal Clapham Feltham ueens Road Peckham Junction Balham Brixton Heathrow Heathrow Wimbledon Stockwell Slade Green Terminal 5 Terminal 4 Clapham High Street Denmark Hill Richmond Sydenham New Cross Gate Crayford ClaphaHernem Nort Hilh l Catford Catford Bridge Tooting Peckham Rye Lewisham Barnehurst Broadway Grove Park Feltham Tulse Crystal Balham Brixton Wimbledon Hill Palace Sydenham Herne Hill Hampton Kingston Crayford South Wimbledon St Mary Cray Birkbeck Catford Catford Bridge Tooting Broadway Bromley South Grove Park Streatham Tulse Crystal Morden Common Hill Palace Beckenham Junction Hampton Hampton Surbiton Kingston Norwood Orpington Court South Wimbledon St Mary Cray Junction Birkbeck

Elmers End Bromley South Streatham Knockholt Morden Common Beckenham Junction Mitcham Hampton Junction Surbiton Norwood Orpington Court Junction West Croydon Hayes Elmers End Knockholt East 2 Mitcham Croydon 1 standing/m Junction 2 Chessington South Sutton West Hayes 1 to 2 standing/m Croydon 2 2 to 3 standing/m East 2 Ewell West 3 to 4 standi1n gst/mand2 ing/m Croydon Chessington South 2 2 Ewell East Coulsdon South New Addington 4 to 5 stand1i ntog /2m standing/m Sutton Upper Warlingham 2 2 5 standing2/ tom 3 standing/m Epsom Downs Tattenham Corner Caterham Ewell West 3 to 4 standing/m2 Ewell East Coulsdon South New Addington 4 to 5 standing/m2 Upper Warlingham 2 5 standing/m Epsom Downs Tattenham Corner Caterham VERSION FOR PUBLICATION A GOOD PUBLIC TRANSPORT EXPERIENCE 197

FIGURE 34: IMPROVED ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT, 2015 AND 2041

2015

Jobs within 45 minutes

greater than 2.5 million

2–2.5 million

1–2 million

0 5 miles 0.25–1 million

less than 0.25 million 0 5 km

2041

Jobs within 45 minutes

greater than 2.5 million

2–2.5 million

1–2 million

0 5 miles 0.25–1 million

0 5 km less than 0.25 million

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FOCUS ON: RIVER SERVICES

River services are an integral part of Proposal 72 Proposal 73 London’s public transport system and The Mayor, through TfL, will The Mayor, through TfL, will work will play a role in supporting growth, work with the Port of London with host boroughs and river particularly in east London where there Authority to produce a London service operators to investigate is limited access to public transport. Passenger Pier Strategy which will the potential for an extension of The Port of London Authority’s (PLA) promote new piers and additional river transport services to Barking 2035 Thames Vision sets out proposals capacity at strategic piers. TfL Riverside by the early 2020s to to better integrate piers and river will also investigate the feasibility connect key growth areas with services with other transport modes of new cross-river ferry services, Canary Wharf and other new such as walking and cycling. The Mayor including services between the developments in east London. supports more freight on the river, and Isle of Dogs and North Greenwich sees opportunities both to directly serve to enhance resilience in the busy developments on the river and to help Jubilee line corridor. To support sustainable passenger reduce lorry traffic. A new Thames and and freight growth on the Thames, the London Waterways Forum has been set Mayor will work with the PLA and other up to co-ordinate improvements. An extended River Bus service to Barking stakeholders to investigate enhanced Riverside would provide new links to boatyard provision on the Thames, such the Opportunity Area and help achieve as at Albert Island. Policy 17 the PLA’s 2035 Thames Vision target to The Mayor, through TfL and the double the number of annual river users The Mayor and the PLA could better boroughs, and working with to 20 million by 2035. This extended manage the river if powers to regulate stakeholders, will seek the use of service is likely to reduce crowding on vessel safety and river emissions were the full potential of the Thames to other public transport modes and the devolved to London, so the Mayor will carry passengers, to integrate river street network, as well as potentially lobby the Government for the devolution services with the public transport encourage more walking and cycling. of these powers. system, walking and cycling New piers could be provided as part of networks, and to enable the transfer riverside developments and would help of freight from road to river in the enable new river service connections. interests of reducing traffic levels and the creation of Healthy Streets.

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FIGURE 35: 13 INITIAL STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE PRIORITIES To the Norwich north-east To the north-west Peterborough Nuneaton 13 4 1 FOCUS ON: LONDON’S LINKS WITH THE WIDER SOUTH EAST 5 AND BEYOND

Cambridge

For London to be a less car-dependent Wider South East Bedford 1 city, and to ensure that the wider city Economic growth and the provision 13 Ipswich region remains economically successful, of new housing in London and the Milton Keynes Felixstowe 12 4 fully inclusive public transport must Wider South East – the economic 12 Colchester Harwich not only be provided for travel within powerhouse of the country – depend 1 Stansted London, but should be improved for on improvements to the connectivity Luton 5 travel between London, the Wider South and capacity of the strategic transport Oxford Chelmsford East and the rest of the UK, as well as network. Improvements to the rail North Sea to international destinations via the network are particularly important, as 2 London Channel Tunnel and via ports. they support more active, efficient and City 6 Southend-on-Sea Heathrow sustainable travel. Figure 35 shows the LONDON 8 11 Medway initial strategic infrastructure priorities Reading Gravesend Policy 18 the Wider South East partners have To the south-west 10 The Mayor, through TfL and broadly agreed for further investment. 7 the boroughs, and working The orbital links (such as Dover to Guildford 2 with stakeholders, will support Southampton) are important for travel Dover improvements to public transport across the Wider South East and will also Gatwick to enhance travel between London, reduce pressure on London’s crowded 9 Channel Tunnel the rest of the UK and international and congested transport system. 3 destinations, and will require Southampton

regional, national and international 3 Brighton Strategic Infrastructure transport schemes to be integrated Proposal 74 Portsmouth Priorities into London’s public transport The Mayor, through the GLA Newhaven London growth areas e l C h a n n Thames Estuary ports system wherever possible. and TfL, will work with relevant E n g l i s h stakeholders to seek to ensure that 0 20 miles Airport Sea port transport investment in the Wider 0 20 km London’s airports also play a vital role in South East supports the realisation maintaining and enhancing international of any associated economic and Strategic Infrastructure Priorities connectivity. Proposals relating to housing growth potential. 1 East West Rail and new 5 Great Eastern Mainline (London- 10 South West Mainline, Expressway road link Ipswich-Norwich) and A12 Crossrail 2 South West airports are set out in Chapter five. (Oxford-Cambridge) (London-Surrey/Southern Rail 6 Essex Thameside, A127 and Access to Heathrow) and A3 2 North Downs Rail Link A13 corridor (Gatwick-Reading) including 11 Great Western Mainline extension to Oxford 7 Thames Gateway Kent: Elizabeth (London-Reading/Western Rail line extension and HS1 (London- Access to Heathrow) 3 A27/M27/A259 and rail corridor North Kent-Channel Tunnel) (Dover-Southampton) 12 Midlands and West Coast 8 Lower Thames Crossing Mainline (London-Luton- 4 West Anglia Mainline, Bedford/Milton Keynes) Crossrail 2 North (London- 9 Brighton Mainline Stansted-Cambridge- (London-Gatwick-Brighton) 13 Felixstowe-Nuneaton/ Peterborough) and M11 Midlands and A14

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FOCUS ON: LONDON’S LINKS WITH THE WIDER SOUTH EAST AND BEYOND (continued)

FIGURE 36: INTEGRATION OF HS2 WITH ELIZABETH LINE AND CROSSRAIL 2 High Speed Two Proposal 75 HS2 is the Government’s scheme to The Mayor, through TfL, will work improve rail capacity between London, to encourage the DfT to ensure the Midlands and the North. In order the delivery of High Speed Two HERTFORDSHIRE to be a success, the line must be fully is complemented by Crossrail 2, ESSEX integrated into the capital’s public new gateway stations at Euston transport network to ensure access and Old Oak Common and other To the West Midlands, to central London from the rest of the improvements to London’s Manchester, Leeds & beyond UK, helping to spread the benefits of transport system, so that people are investment across the country. able to reach their final destination efficiently and in a timely manner by BUCKS Easy onward movement from HS2 termini public transport, cycling or walking. London Euston will be critical to this. At Euston – where CR2 morning peak arrivals are forecast to To double from about 30,000 now to more Reading than 60,000 with HS2 phase 2 – this will Old Oak THURROCK necessitate Crossrail 2, a rebuilt Tube BERKSHIRE station and new bus, taxi and cycling facilities, plus improvements to walking routes in the area. It will also require a new transport hub at Old Oak Common KENT station, linking HS2 with the Elizabeth line, London Overground and the Tube.

SURREY

Central Activities Zone High Speed 2 line & new interchange

Housing & employment growth Elizabeth line (under construction) Proposed Crossrail 2 route London 0 10 miles Proposed Crossrail 2 route options

Potential future Crossrail 2 0 10 km Crossrail 2 indicative alignment 2015 (subject to change) eastern branch

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FOCUS ON: COACH SERVICES IN LONDON

Coaches can play an important role in Proposal 76 enabling people to access London for The Mayor, through TfL and the tourism, leisure and business, and to boroughs and other stakeholders, reach other parts of the UK and will ensure new coach facilities Europe. They are an affordable mode are well connected with London’s of travel and can be efficient for some public transport system while, at group travel, such as, for example, school the same time, seeking to reduce trips in outer London. coach kilometres travelled in central London. This will include: It is important that coaches are able to operate efficiently in London a) Working with stakeholders to and are integrated into the wider public identify and deliver replacement transport and street networks. This facilities for Victoria Coach will enable improved connectivity to Station through the provision national and international destinations of one or more hubs. (including airports). b) Continuing to work with the coach However, the use of coaches must be industry to enable the provision considered alongside the need to create of adequate on-street and off- Healthy Streets and the impact they street coach infrastructure in can have on vulnerable road users. This appropriate locations across means coaches will need to play their London for scheduled and tourist part in reducing vehicle dominance, coach services, and to allow for particularly in central and inner London. their safe and efficient operation.

TfL does not operate coach services c) Working with delivery partners but is responsible for managing including the coach and tourism some facilities used by coaches – industries to include coaches in notably the Victoria Coach Station the Fleet Operator Recognition (VCS). It is expected that, from 2023, Scheme (FORS). parts of the VCS facility will start to become unavailable to coaches due to requirements for a Crossrail 2 worksite and the expiry of leases.

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FOCUS ON: PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND THE NIGHT-TIME ECONOMY

London’s night-time economy The Mayor opened the first Night Tube Around 2,000 permanent jobs are accounts for 8 per cent of the city’s services in August 2016 on the Central expected to be created by Night GDP, contributing around £26.3bn and Victoria lines, with services on the Tube, adding approximately £360m annually, and it represents 40 per cent Jubilee, Northern and Piccadilly lines to the night-time economy over the of the entire UK night-time economy7. It following. More than 200,000 journeys next 30 years. employs over 700,000 people. The Mayor are made on these Night Tube services wants to see this activity grow and has on the busiest weekends, giving users Night Bus services will be adjusted to established a Night Time Commission an average 20-minute journey time complement night-time rail services and appointed a Night Czar to saving compared to using other forms and areas with a thriving night-time champion opportunities for businesses, of public transport. economy. In addition, more dedicated restaurants, theatres and other cultural and accessible taxi ranks will be provided activities to make London a more vibrant The Night Tube service has already at strategic locations and interchanges city and offer an exciting experience for been extended to parts of the London to link with night rail services. Londoners, visitors and tourists. This Overground and there is potential for requires a comprehensive, integrated expansion to other parts of the transport London’s streets will be well lit night-time public transport service. network in response to demand and and inviting at night, providing a safe, other factors. secure and enjoyable experience for those travelling on foot and by cycle. Policy 19 In expanding the night-time network, This will ensure London maintains its The Mayor, through TfL and services will be planned so that status as a vibrant, 24-hour capital of the boroughs, and working London’s residents are not unfairly business and culture. with stakeholders, will seek the impacted by unwelcome noise and development of London’s public vibration, and policed to address transport services to support the any concerns regarding anti-social growth of the night-time economy. behaviour. Clustering night-time activity around new and existing public transport links will help to avoid noise nuisance.

Cultural events involving street closures will also be used to activate the night- time economy, helping Londoners and visitors to see how streets can be used differently at night, as well as during the day.

7 London’s 24 hour economy, London First and Ernst & Young, August 2016

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FOCUS ON: TAXIS AND PRIVATE HIRE VEHICLES

London’s taxis provide a reliable and Taxis also have a key role to play in Issues of licensed taxis and PHVs Illegal and non-compliant taxi and private trusted service to Londoners, tourists tackling London’s air quality challenge. working remotely from the area in hire activity poses a risk to passenger and business people from home and From 2018, taxi electric charging points which they are licensed are increasingly safety and undermines the legitimate abroad, offering customers safety and will be provided to support the roll-out of commonplace. It cannot be right that and law-abiding trades. Improving convenience, aided by drivers’ extensive zero emission capable taxis as outlined taxi and private hire licensees license compliance and the safety of travelling knowledge of the capital’s streets. Taxis in the Ultra Low Emission proposals in themselves with one authority with, by taxi and private hire remains a priority are particularly important in central Chapter three. for example, the sole intention of for the Mayor and TfL. London, occupying 17 per cent of the working the majority of time in another road space on an average weekday, with It is essential that the iconic London taxi authority area. a further 10 per cent occupied by Private brand is maintained and enhanced as Proposal 78 Hire Vehicles (PHVs). its environment continues to change. Taxi and PHV legislation also needs to The Mayor, through TfL, will This means continuing to monitor take account of technological change, raise the safety standards for service standards, facilitating customer and new types of service, as the PHV all customers travelling by taxi Policy 20 feedback, further improving the and taxi trades are both evolving, for and private hire vehicles through The Mayor, through TfL and the customer experience using technology example through the emergence of effective and transparent regulation boroughs, and working with (such as including taxi options in TfL’s customer and booking platforms and and enforcement. stakeholders, will seek to ensure Journey Planner), and exploring new pooling services. The safety and fair London has a safe, secure, ways to reduce the barriers to becoming treatment of drivers and passengers accessible, world-class taxi and a black cab driver without compromising remain a top priority. Regulations regarding the use of private hire service with opportunity the quality of service offered. pedicabs in London are required to for all providers to flourish. ensure the safety and security of It is important to raise standards for Proposal 77 passengers and other road users, and PHVs, recognising that they have a The Mayor, through TfL, will seek: to reduce the impact they have on Taxis can expand travel horizons for role to play in moving people around congestion, particularly in the West End. those requiring safe, accessible travel but also contribute towards increasing a) Powers to limit the overall options. High-quality accessible taxi congestion. TfL should be given more number of private hire vehicles ranks across the capital are vital to this. powers over the private hire market licensed for use in London so as New safety, equality and regulatory in London, including the ability to to manage their contribution to knowledge assessments for PHV cap overall numbers of PHVs. The overall congestion, particularly in drivers will be introduced by TfL by Government should also introduce central London. 2018. As Night Tube expands, new and legislation to provide statutory improved taxi ranks at stations will definitions of plying for hire and pre- b) Powers to introduce a requirement provide safe and accessible options booked services to clarify the difference to ensure that taxi and private hire for onward journeys. between taxi and private hire services. journeys by TfL-licensed drivers must either start or end in the Greater London area.

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