ENTERING COLD WAR AFTER COVID-19 THE HORIZON - MAGAZINE OF THE INDONESIAN NAVY - MAGAZINE THE HORIZON DESTROYER-CAPABLE FRIGATES THE IMMENSELY CHALLENGING ROLE OF FEMALE BLUE BERETS THE NAVY IN MILITARY OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR DESTROYER-CAPABLE FRIGATES 06 PERSONS IN CHARGE: CHIEF OF THE INDONESIAN NAVY: Admiral TNI Yudo Margono, S.E., M.M. GENERAL LEADER: First Admiral TNI Mohamad Zaenal, S.E., M.M., M.Soc.Sc. DEPUTY GENERAL LEADER: Navy Captain Nevy Dwi Soesanto, S.T. ADMINISTRATION IN CHIEF: Marine Colonel Akhmad Hanifa, S.E., M.M. ADMINISTRATIONS: Navy Captain Drs. Ariris Mr. – Navy Captain Drs. Heddy Sakti A.M.P. – Navy Commander Drs. Lielie Suprijatna – Navy Commander Leila Kristian, S.E., M.M. – Commander Ign. M. Pundjung T., S.Sos., M.Sc. – Lieutenant Commander Ruli Rahmadyansah S.Kom., M.Tr.Han – Navy Lieutenant Putu Novia Kusumah W., S.Sos. – Superintendent III/c Mujianto ENGLISH EDITORS: First Admiral TNI Mohamad Zaenal, S.E., M.M., M.Soc.Sc. - Commander Leila Kristian, S.S., M.M., Dear readers, LAYOUT: 2020 is a tough year for us. This year, the COVID-19 Arifin Anto D., S.S. – Superintendent III/c Irma Kurniawan, A.Md.Graf. – Junior Superintendent pandemic disease has gone global, intruding all aspects III/a Arab Punjabi of human life, especially in terms of health, economic, and social. But we have to keep moving on, striving to break PHOTO EDITORS: through all obstacles. Ensign Diko Aris Setiawan, SST, S.Pd. – Master Chief Petty Officer 1st Class Mirlyana – First Regarding the current state of the world, this 2nd edition Corporal Supriyadi of The Horizon takes the theme Military Operations Other Than War, which are stated in articles entitled “Entering DISTRIBUTION: Second Cold War After COVID-19”, “Safeguarding the Marine Sergeant Sayidi – Petty Officer 2nd Class Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes III”, “The Immensely Supriyadi Challenging Role of Female Blue Berets”, “Coral Reef Conservation in the South Sulawesi Sea”, “The Navy Extracts Indonesian Crew Members Off PUBLISHED BY: Cruise Ships”, and “Exercise Komodo: Track II Diplomacy in the South China Sea Question”. Naval Information Service Further articles on naval affairs provide an outlook on how the Indonesian Navy plays its role ADDRESS: of defending the sovereignty of Indonesia and maintaining global peace. Naval Information Service, Building B-4 2nd Floor, Naval Headquarters Cilangkap, East Jakarta 13870, Ph. (62 21) 8723314 - www.tnial.mil.id. No. ISSN: Have a pleasant reading. 0216-440x, JJM Radio 107.7 FM and 1170 AM Head of Naval Information Service, First Admiral Mohamad Zaenal, S.E., M.M., M.Soc.Sc. JALESVEVA JAYAMAHE! CONTENT 10 13 16 W A R S H I P S O N THE NAVY EXTRACTS THE MIGHTY OLD DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS INDONESIAN CREW MEMBERS BEAT-UP ORION OFF CRUISE SHIPS ENTERING SECOND COLD WAR AFTER A REALIST’S PERSPECTIVE ON THE 4 COVID-19* 41 KOREAN WAR INDONESIA TRAPPED IN CONFLICTS OF THE FUTURE OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE 19 INTEREST IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA 44 SAFEGUARDING THE INDONESIAN INDONESIAN MARITIME THREATS: 22 ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANES (III) 46 AN INITIAL REVIEW THE IMMENSELY CHALLENGING ROLE OF EXERCISE KOMODO: TRACK II DIPLOMACY 28 FEMALE BLUE BERETS 51 IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA QUESTION RULES OF ENGAGEMENT IN IMPLEMENTING THE EVOLUTION OF NAVAL STRATEGIES 31 INDONESIA’S MARITIME SECURITY 55 CORAL REEF CONSERVATION IN THE FLYING THE SICK: How Fleet Command III 35 SOUTH SULAWESI 58 Handled a COVID-19 Patient IMPROVING EXCELLENT HUMAN FACTS & FEATS 38 RESOURCES IN THE INDONESIAN NAVY 62 The editorial staff received articles (maximum 5 pages with 1.5 spaces) along with photos from all members of the TNI/TNI AL and the general public. The JALESVEVA manuscript must be printed on A4 size paper and is equipped with digital data in a Compact Disc (CD) or soft copy can be sent via the editor’s e-mail. Submissions that have been sent become the property of the editor, and the editor has the right to correct/edit without changing the content/meaning. The manuscript that is published will get the appropriate reward. The editor also accepts criticism, suggestions and brief opinions. JAYAMAHE! Articles are sent to the Horizon Editor with the address of the Naval Information Service, Building B-4 Lt. 2, Navy Headquarters Cilangkap, East Jakarta - 13870 or via email: [email protected] THE COVID-19 pandemic and the associated economic crisis are posing huge challenges, raising many unknowns and imposing wrenching trade-offs. Both crises are global, but their impacts are deeply local. The policy response to ENTERING both crises needs to be rapid, even if it is rough around the edges. But countries cannot pull this off on their own—the global crises require global solidarity and coordination. Governments must dramatically overhaul policies and SECOND invest in public health, economic stimulus, and social safety nets, to help countries recover faster from the COVID-19 pandemic. Warnings also circulate through the mass media that a patchwork of preexisting solutions will not work and points out that governments must COLD WAR coordinate with each other to hasten the recovery. This is a global crisis and working in silos is not an option. Over the past months, as countries in the Pacific region were focused on battling the coronavirus, multiple AFTER sources reported that China stepped up patrols and naval exercises in the highly disputed South China Sea. The activities of the Asian powerhouse in the region, however, did not slip by the eyes of Washington, which COVID-19 went on to accuse Beijing of “exploiting” its neighboring By Admiral (Ret.) Prof. Dr. Marsetio, S.I.P., M.M. countries as they are “distracted” with the pandemic. Professor of Maritime Defense Science at the Longstanding tensions between the administrations of US Indonesia Defense University and former Chief President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping of the Indonesian Navy (2012-2015) also worsened in recent weeks over the origins of the coronavirus pandemic. 4 THE HORIZON 2ND EDITION 2020 China, Brunei, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Taiwan have overlapping claims to the South China Sea—one of the most important trade routes in the world. Powerhouse China has the biggest claim by far. It has demarcated an extensive area of the sea with a so-called “nine-dash line” that first appeared on Chinese maps in the late 1940s. The Paracel and Spratly Island chains, as well as dozens of rocky outcrops and reefs, fall within this area. These bits of land are highly contested, mainly because they are believed to be surrounded by large oil and gas deposits. The Spratly Islands, for example, are claimed in full by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, and in part by Malaysia and the Philippines. The Paracel chain is Carl Thayer, an emeritus professor at Australia’s University of New claimed by Vietnam, China and Taiwan. South Wales disagree with Trump Administration officials that China Some analysists think that China’s claim has become more assertive or aggressive in the South China Sea by to the South China Sea—the so-called taking advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic. He thinks that China “nine-dash line”—should be considered is conducting “business-as-usual”. According to Thayer, Beijing’s unlawful and a breach of international aggressive actions in the South China Sea reflects its needs not to be conventions. perceived as weak by China’s domestic audience and foreign public opinion. China is also driven by the necessity to react to perceived In response to Beijing’s growing presence challenges to its sovereignty, for example US Navy patrols in the in the South China Sea, the US has also region and oil explorations by Vietnam and Malaysia. continued its naval presence in the area. The US nuclear powered aircraft carrier— China’s recent activities may not be escalations but most likely are the USS Theodore Roosevelt—was forced reactions to political developments in the region. This includes the to depart from the South China Sea re-election and subsequent inauguration of Taiwan’s President Tsai in March and dock in Guam due to an Ing-wen in addition to the White House’s growing support for Taiwan. outbreak of COVID-19. The carrier is now Tsai Ing-wen has called for a more independent identity for the island seen patrolling the Philippines Sea and nation despite China’s insistence that Taiwan is a breakaway province. will most likely head back to the South China Sea. The year 2020 began with a standoff in the Natuna Islands on the far southern end of the South China Sea, a territory claimed by China and For years, the US has been conducting Indonesia. Vessels from both countries were involved in the standoff, the so-called Freedom of Navigation which began when Chinese fishing vessels started to operate inside Operations in the sea in what Washington Indonesia’s exclusive economic zone. Eventually, Indonesia deployed considers to be a defense strategy against F-16 fighters and naval ships to the islands and President Joko potential threats to commercial shipping Widodo personally flew to the area, in an unusual show of strength and alleged bullying from China against from the country. rival claimants like Malaysia and Taiwan. So far, Indonesia has tried to avoid letting South China Sea dominate In April, a Chinese vessel allegedly their relationship with China, but with Beijing marking its territory in rammed and sank a Vietnamese fishing the region, the days of quiet diplomacy might not last forever. boat, resulting in a diplomatic spat between the two countries. Vietnam was The interplay between politics, economics and security is a reality for joined by the Philippines in denouncing all countries that border the South China Sea, as well as for those the incident.