P I N C I U S Dextra Via Triumphalis Ustrinum Hadriani H.Luculliani 40 P.Principalis 49 Via Sinistra 37
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251 NERVA. September 18, A.D. 96 Saw Domitian Fall Victim to a Palace
r ) 251 NERVA. September 18, A.D. 96 saw Domitian fall victim to a palace plot, Imperial Rome's second dynasty ending in a frantic struggle on the floor of the Imperial cubiculum(Suet. Dam. 17). The resulting situation bore little resemblance to the state of affairs after the death of Nero. Now there were no generals on the march, no legions in revolt. Moreover, a dynasty had ended before and Rome had gone on, there was a precedent. A replacement was found in the seemingly neutral figure of M. Cocceius Nerva and the fraught phase of transition effected with a minimum of public distress. Domitian's had been a well managed murder. Time was not to be on Nerva's side. Aged sixty at his accession, he would not survive his climacteric year. But who at this stage was to know that? Why not build towards a future; had Augustus not died in his 76th year, Tiberius at 77, Vespasian at the end of his sixties? Work on Domitian's numerous building projects could be continued under the new princeps the honour from which would now accrue to Nerva. The Temple of Minerva and possibly also the encompassing Forum Transitorium needed completion. This they got (Martail, 10, 28; Suet., ! i 252 Dom.,5; Statius, Silv., 4,3,9-10; Eutropius7, 23, 5; Auy. Viet., Caes, 12.2; ClL 6. 953, 31213). Nerva thereby gained the honour of overseeing the dedicatory celebrations at the beginning of A.D. 97. Gained also was : J the opportunity to have his name inscribed on the entablature of the temple. -
Waters of Rome Journal
TIBER RIVER BRIDGES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF ROME Rabun Taylor [email protected] Introduction arly Rome is usually interpreted as a little ring of hilltop urban area, but also the everyday and long-term movements of E strongholds surrounding the valley that is today the Forum. populations. Much of the subsequent commentary is founded But Rome has also been, from the very beginnings, a riverside upon published research, both by myself and by others.2 community. No one doubts that the Tiber River introduced a Functionally, the bridges in Rome over the Tiber were commercial and strategic dimension to life in Rome: towns on of four types. A very few — perhaps only one permanent bridge navigable rivers, especially if they are near the river’s mouth, — were private or quasi-private, and served the purposes of enjoy obvious advantages. But access to and control of river their owners as well as the public. ThePons Agrippae, discussed traffic is only one aspect of riparian power and responsibility. below, may fall into this category; we are even told of a case in This was not just a river town; it presided over the junction of the late Republic in which a special bridge was built across the a river and a highway. Adding to its importance is the fact that Tiber in order to provide access to the Transtiberine tomb of the river was a political and military boundary between Etruria the deceased during the funeral.3 The second type (Pons Fabri- and Latium, two cultural domains, which in early times were cius, Pons Cestius, Pons Neronianus, Pons Aelius, Pons Aure- often at war. -
Roma Subterranea
Roma Subterranea The Catacombs of Late Antique Rome | Marenka Timmermans 0 Illustration front page: After http://www.livescience.com/16318-photos-early-christian-rome-catacombs-artifacts.html 1 Roma Subterranea The Catacombs of Late Antique Rome Marenka Timmermans S0837865 Prof. dr. Sojc Classical Archaeology Leiden University, Faculty of Archaeology Leiden, June 15th, 2012 2 Marenka Timmermans Hogewoerd 141 2311 HK Leiden [email protected] +316-44420389 3 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Research goal, methodology and research questions 5 Chapter 2. The origins and further development of the catacombs 7 2.1 Chapter summary 10 Chapter 3. Research performed in the catacombs up to the late 20th century 11 3.1 The 'rediscovery' 11 3.2 Early Catacomb Archaeology 13 3.2.1 Antonio Bosio 13 3.2.2 Giovanni di Rossi 14 3.3 Archaeological research in the late 19th and up to the late 20th century 17 3.4 Chapter conclusion 18 Chapter 4. Modern catacomb research 21 4.1 Demography 21 4.2 Science-based Archaeology 23 4.2.1 Stable isotope analysis 23 4.2.2 Radiocarbon dating 25 4.3 Physical Anthropology 26 4.4 Other sciences in and around the catacombs 27 4.5 Chapter Conclusion 28 Chapter 5. Discussion 31 Chapter 6. Conclusion 37 Summary 39 Samenvatting 41 Bibliography 43 List of Figures 49 List of Tables 51 Appendix I 53 Appendix II 57 3 4 Chapter 1. Introduction The subject of this BA-thesis is the catacombs of Late Antique Rome. The catacombs are formed by large subterranean complexes, consisting of extensive galleries. -
Rome - Vatikaan
ROME - VATIKAAN Als je het Sint Pietersplein opstapt besef je het plein en de basiliek helemaal niet zo maar in, het is misschien niet, maar je overschrijdt een staatsgrens. wel degelijk onafhankelijk, met een eigen staatshoofd, Sinds de "grote verzoening" immers van 1929, tussen regering, munt, politie, post, diplomatieke het (toen fascistische) Italië (van Mussolini) en de vertegenwoordiging. Vatikaanstad is trouwens iets Paus (Pius XI), ligt er in hartje Rome een groter dan dit complex: ook de grote basilieken (de onafhankelijke staat van 44 ha. groot en met + 1.000 Maria Maggiore, de Sint Jan van Lateranen en de Sint (bijna uitsluitend mannelijke!) bewoners. Het verdrag Paulus buiten de Muren), enkele palazzi in de stad van Lateranen sloot op die manier de periode af, (zoals bijv. de Cancelleria en de Propaganda Fide), waarin de Paus (sinds de inname van Rome door de het hospitaal "Bambino Gesù" op de Janiculus en het Garibaldisten in 1870) zich de "gevangene van het zomerverblijf van de Paus in Castelgandolfo, zijn Vatikaan" noemde. En om die nieuwe "openheid" ook "extraterritoriaal gebied" voor de Italiaanse staat. in het stadsbeeld duidelijk te maken werd toen de Het is goed om weten, maar als je niet onmiddellijk brede "Via della Conciliazione", de "Straat van de een afspraak hebt met de Paus of zijn administratie, Verzoening", aangelegd. maakt het eigenlijk niet veel uit. Alleen als je je post En ook al heeft het een vrij ouderwetse langs hier wil versturen, moet je weten dat je dan staatsstructuur (je kan het bezwaarlijk een moderne Vatikaanse zegels moet gebruiken, en dat je dat democratie noemen!), en geraak je d'er buiten het enkel hier kan! 1. -
C HAPTER THREE Dissertation I on the Waters and Aqueducts Of
Aqueduct Hunting in the Seventeenth Century: Raffaele Fabretti's De aquis et aquaeductibus veteris Romae Harry B. Evans http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=17141, The University of Michigan Press C HAPTER THREE Dissertation I on the Waters and Aqueducts of Ancient Rome o the distinguished Giovanni Lucio of Trau, Raffaello Fabretti, son of T Gaspare, of Urbino, sends greetings. 1. introduction Thanks to your interest in my behalf, the things I wrote to you earlier about the aqueducts I observed around the Anio River do not at all dis- please me. You have in›uenced my diligence by your expressions of praise, both in your own name and in the names of your most learned friends (whom you also have in very large number). As a result, I feel that I am much more eager to pursue the investigation set forth on this subject; I would already have completed it had the abundance of waters from heaven not shown itself opposed to my own watery task. But you should not think that I have been completely idle: indeed, although I was not able to approach for a second time the sources of the Marcia and Claudia, at some distance from me, and not able therefore to follow up my ideas by surer rea- soning, not uselessly, perhaps, will I show you that I have been engaged in the more immediate neighborhood of that aqueduct introduced by Pope Sixtus and called the Acqua Felice from his own name before his ponti‹- 19 Aqueduct Hunting in the Seventeenth Century: Raffaele Fabretti's De aquis et aquaeductibus veteris Romae Harry B. -
Discovering a Roman Resort-Coat: the Litus Laurentinum and The
DISCOVERING A ROMAN RESORT-COAST: THE LITUS LAURENTINUM AND THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF 1 OTIUM* Nicholas Purcell St John's College, Oxford I. Introductory Otium - the concept of leisure, the elaborate social and cultural definer of the Roman elite away from its business of political and military power - is famous. We can see in Roman literary texts how the practice of otium patterned everyday experience, and how it was expressed in physical terms in the arrangement, on a large and on a small scale, of all aspects of Roman space. The texts likewise show that much of what we would regard as social life, and nearly all of what we think of as economic, belonged in the domain of otium. The complexities and ambiguities of this material have been much studied.2 Roman archaeology equally needs to be an archaeology of otium, but there has been little attempt to think systematically about what that might entail. Investigating the relationship between a social concept such as otium and the material culture that is the primary focus of archaeology must in the first place involve describing Roman culture in very broad terms. The density of explicit or implicit symbolic meaning, the organisation of space and time, degrees of hierarchy of value or prestige: it is at that level of generalisation that the archaeologist and the cultural historian will find the common denominators that enable them to share in the construction of explanations of Roman social phenomena. In this account, which is based on research into a particular locality, we shall have to limit ourselves to one of these possibilities. -
The Aqueducts of Ancient Rome
THE AQUEDUCTS OF ANCIENT ROME by EVAN JAMES DEMBSKEY Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject ANCIENT HISTORY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: DR. M.E.A. DE MARRE CO-SUPERVISOR: DR. R. EVANS February 2009 2 Student Number 3116 522 2 I declare that The Aqueducts of Ancient Rome is my own work and that all the sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. .......................... SIGNATURE (MR E J DEMBSKEY) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to: My supervisors, Dr. M. De Marre and Dr. R. Evans for their positive attitudes and guidance. My parents and Angeline, for their support. I'd like to dedicate this study to my mother, Alicia Dembskey. Contents LIST OF FIGURES . v LIST OF TABLES . vii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Introduction . 1 1.2 Objectives . 6 1.3 Conclusion . 7 2 METHODOLOGY 11 2.1 Introduction . 11 2.2 Conclusion . 16 3 SOURCES 19 3.1 Introduction . 19 3.2 Literary evidence . 20 3.3 Archaeological evidence . 29 3.4 Numismatic evidence . 30 3.5 Epigraphic evidence . 32 3.6 Conclusion . 37 4 TOOLS, SKILLS AND CONSTRUCTION 39 4.1 Introduction . 39 4.2 Levels . 39 4.3 Lifting apparatus . 43 4.4 Construction . 46 4.5 Cost . 51 i 4.6 Labour . 54 4.7 Locating the source . 55 4.8 Surveying the course . 56 4.9 Construction materials . 58 4.10 Tunnels . 66 4.11 Measuring capacity . -
Free!!! Ancient Rome Google Earth Task Cards and Activities Ancient Rome Google Earth Task Cards and Activities
Free!!! Ancient Rome Google Earth Task Cards and Activities Ancient Rome Google Earth Task Cards and Activities This activity will allow you and your students to travel to Rome and see remnants of the ancient world using Google Earth. The task cards will take the students to the location of such ruins as the Colosseum and then will also bring them into a 360° photo sphere at the site. Each task card has a shortened URL that can be clicked on or entered into the omnibar or a QR code than can be scanned on a computer, chromebook, tablet, or phone. Included you will find: 14 Task Cards Field Trip to Rome Data Collection Sheet Text Messages from Rome Processing Activity Project Rubric Enjoy!!!! Engaging Them All Before we learn about Ancient Rome we need to travel there and take a look around. As you travel through ancient Rome, focus on the geography and architecture. Using Google Earth, you will to go to the following places: ● Colosseum ● Trevi Fountain ● Roman Forum ● Parco degli Acquedotti ● Pont du Gard, France ● Aqua Claudia ● Pantheon (try to go inside) Where is the Colosseum located? What does the Colosseum look like? http://bit.ly/2FYLN4a http://bit.ly/2G4JRr2 Where is the Trevi Fountain What does the Trevi Fountain located? look like? http://bit.ly/2G3h0n7 http://bit.ly/2G1S1R5 Where is the Roman Forum? What does the Roman Forum look like? http://bit.ly/2uh0JW3 http://bit.ly/2uj6Gla Where is Parco degli Acquedotti What does the Parco degli Acquedotti located? look like? http://bit.ly/2uh1Sgj http://bit.ly/2ujZwgC Where is Pont du Gard, France? What does Pont du Gard, France look like? http://bit.ly/2uhLKLA http://bit.ly/2GFww4A Where is the Aqua Claudia? What does the Aqua Claudia look like? http://bit.ly/2GHowjJ http://bit.ly/2IxZtQp Where is the Pantheon? What does the Pantheon look like? http://bit.ly/2GDp79X http://bit.ly/2GIbsOQ Name _________________________________________ As you travel through Rome, pay attention. -
THE AQUA CLAUDIA INTERRUPTION E.J. Dembskey
ACTA CLASSICA LII (2009) 73-82 ISSN 0065-1141 THE AQUA CLAUDIA INTERRUPTION E.J. Dembskey Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria ABSTRACT The eighth of eleven aqueducts, the Aqua Claudia, constructed between 38 and 52, accounted for a fifth of Rome’s water supply at the time of its construction, thus making it one of the most important of the Roman aqueducts. Shortly after its construction, the Claudia was out of operation for nine years, and it appears no attempt was made to repair it. A study of the literature suggests poor construction methods and materials may have been the cause of such an unlikely event. A closer examination reveals a more probable reason – fire and imperial whim. It is generally agreed that the city of ancient Rome had eleven major aque- ducts, all built in a five-century period, and possibly a few minor aqueducts, probably between eight and twelve in number (see Appendix for a list of the eleven aqueducts). The first major aqueduct was built in 312 BC and the last around AD 226. Some of the aqueducts outlasted the Empire and remained in use well into the Middle Ages. Some parts of the Roman water system are still in use today. The estimated total length of the major aqueducts is between 448 and 502 kilometres. Approximately 80% of the total length of the aqueducts ran underground. The rest was carried in channels; only a small percentage used the magnificent bridges and viaducts that are usually associated with the aqueducts. The shortest aqueduct, the Appia, was only 16 kilometres long and the longest, the Marcia, was 91 kilometres long. -
Relazione Storico-Archeologica
Relazione storico-archeologica Indice 1. Introduzione metodologica………………………………………………………………...2 1.1 Articolazione del lavoro………………………………………………………………………2 1.2 Articolazione della legenda…………………………………………………………………...3 2. Inquadramento storico-archeologico…………………………………………….…....5 2.1 Analisi del territorio……………………………………………………………………………5 2.2 Area di Ponte Galeria………………………………………………………………………......6 2.3 L’Area dei complessi portuali………………………………………………………………..7 2.4 Area costiera formatasi successivamente la fase imperiale…………………………..12 3. Schede delle preesistenze archeologico-monumentali……………………….12 4. Valutazione della potenziale criticità archeologica…………………………......44 4.1 Premessa metodologica……………………………………………………………………….44 4.2 Analisi delle criticità archeologiche………………………………………………………...45 5. Bibliografia………………………………………………………………………………………...48 6. Elenco delle preesistenze archeologico-monumentali………………………..50 Corridoi del trasporto collettivo di interesse metropolitano - Progetto preliminare CORRIDOIO della Mobilità C5 Fiumicino - Fiumicino Porto-Ostia 1. Introduzione metodologica 1.1 Articolazione del lavoro Lo studio storico-archeologico di supporto al progetto preliminare per la realizzazione dalla nuova infrastruttura viaria Corridoio della Mobilita’ C5 Fiumicino-Fiumicino Porto-Ostia, è stato realizzato al fine di fornire delle indicazioni sull’interferenza dell’infrastruttura con eventuali preesistenze archeologico-monumentali individuate in base alla documentazione edita. L’analisi ha preso in esame l’area che si colloca, nel suo complesso, -
Cura Aquarum and Curator Aquarum – the Head of Rome’S Water Supply Administration Adrian Vladu*
RJHIS 5 (1) 2018 Cura aquarum and curator aquarum – the Head of Rome’s Water Supply Administration Adrian Vladu* Abstract: The importance of water supply to any human community goes without saying. At the end of the 1st century A.D., Rome developed an impressive water infrastructure consisting of nine aqueducts. This huge network of pipes that distributed water on almost the whole surface of the ancient city could not function without rigorous maintenance. This work fell under the responsibility of the aquarii, a team that formed the familia aquaria, a component part of cura aquarum, an office led by the curator aquarum. The description of the structure of the cura aquarum and of the tasks of the team that represented it, as well as the activity of curator aquarum, are the subject of this paper. Keywords: aqueducts, aquarii, Frontinus, familia aquaria, Roman administration Introduction Water supply was very important for any settlement in the Roman world, both from a practical point of view, by providing the water necessary * Adrian Vladu is a PhD student at the Faculty of History, University of Bucharest. His field of interest consists of classical archaeology. He is currently finishing his thesis on “Roman aqueducts: innovation, evolution and effects on the environment. Comparative analysis: the city of Rome and the province of Moesia Inferior” and performing archaeological field work at Histria and Noviodunum. Contact: [email protected]. 71 Adrian Vladu RJHIS 5 (1) 2018 for human consumption, for carrying out economic activities or for feeding the public baths and fountains, thus with a role in maintaining public health, but also from a political point of view, the Roman aqueducts, especially those from Rome, were means of propaganda regardless of the period in which they were built, the financier or magistrate dealing with the construction of an aqueduct receiving immense political capital; in the imperial period this honor was given to the prince. -
Aicher, PJ, Guide to the Aqueducts of Ancient Rome., Wauconda, Amici, C
352 List of Works Cited. ! . Aicher, P. J., Guide to the Aqueducts of Ancient Rome., Wauconda, 1995. Alfoldy, G., "Eine Bauinschrift aus dem Colosseum.", ZPE 109, 1995, pp. 195-226. Amici, c., II Foro di Traiano; Basilica Ulpia e Biblioteche, Rome, 1982. Amici, C. M., II foro di Cesare., Florence, 1991. Ammerman, A. J., IOn the Origins of the Forum Romanum', AlA 94, 1990, pp. 627-45. Anderson Jr., J. c. 1 IDomitian/s Building Programme. Forum Julium and markets of Trajan.', ArchN 10, 1981, pp. 41-8. Anderson Jr., J. c., I A Topographical tradition in Fourth Century Chronicles: Domitian' Building Program/, Historia 32, 1983, pp. 93-105. Anderson, Jr., J. c., Historical Topography of the Imperial Fora, Brussels, 1984. Anderson Jr., J. c., 'The Date of the Thermae Traianae and the Topography of the Oppius Mons/,AlA 89, 1985, pp. 499-509. Anderson Jr., J. c., IIDomitian, the Argiletum and the Temple of Peace/, AlA 86, 1992, pp. 101-18. Anderson Jr, J. c., Roman Architecture and Society, Baltimore, 1997. Ashby, T., The Aqueducts of Ancient Rome., Oxford, 1935. I j 353 Ball, L. F., I A reappraisal of Nero's Domus Aurea., JRA Supp. 11, Ann Arbor, 1994, pp. 183-254. Balland, A., 'La casa Romuli au Palatin et au Capitole!, REL 62, 1984, pp.57-80. Balsdon, J. P. V. D., The Emperor Gaius (Caligula)., Oxford, 1934. Barattolo, A., 'Nuove ricerche sull' architettura del Tempio di Venere 11 e di Roma in eta Adriana.', MDAI 80, 1973, pp. 243-69. Barattolo, A., 'II Tempio di Venere e Roma: un tempio 'greco' nell' Urbe.', MDAI 85,1978, pp.