DOCSLIB.ORG

Resurveying the Religious Topography of Tiber Island

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Resurveying the Religious Topography of Tiber Island RESURVEYING THE RELIGIOUS TOPOGRAPHY OF THE TIBER ISLAND By WILLIAM NOLAN BRUCE A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2004 This thesis is dedicated to Mom, Dad, Clay, William G. & Anna Bevis, and ID & Annie- Mell Bruce. TABLE OF CONTENTS page LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................v ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 The Island and Its Importance ......................................................................................1 Previous Work ..............................................................................................................2 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL BACKGROUND......................................................................................6 Legend of the Island's Origin........................................................................................6 Legend of Aesculapius' Arrival from Epidauros ..........................................................9 General information on Aesculapius and his Cult......................................................12 Epidauros as a Model for the Tiber Island and Other Asclepiea................................13 Temple.................................................................................................................13 Abaton .................................................................................................................15 Tholos..................................................................................................................18 Evidence of the island sanctuary .........................................................................19 2 TOPOGRAPHY, PT. I ...............................................................................................25 Access Structures........................................................................................................25 Pons Fabricius ....................................................................................................25 Pons Cestius.........................................................................................................31 Embankments and Ancient Wall Decoration .............................................................34 The Central and Southern Sectors of the Island .........................................................36 The Square of St. Bartholomew and the Tiber Island Obelisk............................36 Basilica of St. Bartholomew................................................................................42 Architrave............................................................................................................52 The Northern Section of the Island.............................................................................54 Church of St. John Calybite.................................................................................54 Fatebenefratelli Hospital .....................................................................................60 iv 3 TOPOGRAPHY, PT. II: STRUCTURES OF UNCERTAIN LOCATION...............83 Faunus.........................................................................................................................83 Veiovis........................................................................................................................88 Semo Sancus...............................................................................................................95 Bellona........................................................................................................................98 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................100 APPENDIX A SURVEY OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S COLUMNS .............................................101 B FOUR UNPUBLISHED FRAGMENTARY INSCRIPTIONS ...............................102 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................106 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ...........................................................................................110 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 1 The island’s aspect today. ..........................................................................................5 2 The island during the nineteenth century, including the ‘isoletta,’ perhaps another alluvial formation. 1893 Lanciani. .............................................................................5 3 The healing god, Aesculapius, with his traditional cloak and staff..........................22 4 Map of Epidauros sanctuary including temple, abaton, and tholos .........................22 5 Miracle cure inscriptions from the Tiber Island. IG XIV 966. ................................23 6 Terracotta antefix found in the Tiber nearby the island. ..........................................23 7 Etruscan temple design, as defined by Vitruvius. ....................................................24 8 Pons Fabricius..........................................................................................................69 9 Foot of the Pons Fabricius in the basement of the bar, L’isola Antica. ...................69 10 Pons Fabricius dedicatory inscription. .....................................................................70 11 Original side arch, now covered by the massive embankment wall. .......................70 12 Fabricius herm with sidelong groove.......................................................................71 13 G.G. Belli monument. ..............................................................................................71 14 Later fashioned groove of the Belli herm.................................................................71 15 Pons Cestius.............................................................................................................72 16 Pons Graziani...........................................................................................................72 17 Original Graziani inscription, as depicted by Piranesi.............................................73 18 North embankment...................................................................................................73 19 South embankment...................................................................................................74 v 20 Ship monument. .......................................................................................................74 21 Reconstruction of ship monument............................................................................75 22 Fanciful 1561 map of Rome, depicting the Tiber Island as a giant floating ship with an obelisk mast.................................................................................................75 23 Obelisk fragments, as portrayed by Piranesi. Iversen, 1968. ...................................76 24 Piazza di San Bartolomeo, including the so-called colonna infame, or ‘column of infamy.’ Vasi (1747-1762).......................................................................................76 25 Column in the Basilica di San Bartolomeo. .............................................................77 26 Basilica di San Bartolomeo. .....................................................................................78 27 Floorplan of Basilica di San Bartolomeo. Richiello 2001, p.104. ...........................78 28 Medieval well-head..................................................................................................79 29 Architrave.................................................................................................................80 30 Church of St. John Calybite. ....................................................................................80 31 Interior of the church of St. John Calybite. ..............................................................80 32 Floorplan of the church of St. John Calybite. ..........................................................81 33 Fatebenefratelli Hospital..........................................................................................81 34 Courtyard excavation...............................................................................................81 35 Remains of a temple to Jupiter and a church of St. John the Baptist. ......................82 36 Jupiter Jurarius inscription. CIL i² 990 = vi.379. .....................................................82 37 Servilius inscription. CIL 40896a.............................................................................82 vi Abstract of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts RESURVEYING THE RELIGIOUS TOPOGRAPHY OF THE TIBER ISLAND By William Nolan Bruce May 2004 Chair: Robert Wagman Major Department: Classics This project brings together a survey of various architectural and historical elements of the Tiber Island based on the most up-to-date research available on the site. This body of research consists of a) a thorough treatment of the scant ancient sources, which refer to the island, b) a selection of archaeological evidence over the past several centuries,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Umbria from the Iron Age to the Augustan Era
    UMBRIA FROM THE IRON AGE TO THE AUGUSTAN ERA PhD Guy Jolyon Bradley University College London BieC ILONOIK.] ProQuest Number: 10055445 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10055445 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract This thesis compares Umbria before and after the Roman conquest in order to assess the impact of the imposition of Roman control over this area of central Italy. There are four sections specifically on Umbria and two more general chapters of introduction and conclusion. The introductory chapter examines the most important issues for the history of the Italian regions in this period and the extent to which they are relevant to Umbria, given the type of evidence that survives. The chapter focuses on the concept of state formation, and the information about it provided by evidence for urbanisation, coinage, and the creation of treaties. The second chapter looks at the archaeological and other available evidence for the history of Umbria before the Roman conquest, and maps the beginnings of the formation of the state through the growth in social complexity, urbanisation and the emergence of cult places.
    [Show full text]
  • Domitian's Arae Incendii Neroniani in New Flavian Rome
    Rising from the Ashes: Domitian’s Arae Incendii Neroniani in New Flavian Rome Lea K. Cline In the August 1888 edition of the Notizie degli Scavi, profes- on a base of two steps; it is a long, solid rectangle, 6.25 m sors Guliermo Gatti and Rodolfo Lanciani announced the deep, 3.25 m wide, and 1.26 m high (lacking its crown). rediscovery of a Domitianic altar on the Quirinal hill during These dimensions make it the second largest public altar to the construction of the Casa Reale (Figures 1 and 2).1 This survive in the ancient capital. Built of travertine and revet- altar, found in situ on the southeast side of the Alta Semita ted in marble, this altar lacks sculptural decoration. Only its (an important northern thoroughfare) adjacent to the church inscription identifies it as an Ara Incendii Neroniani, an altar of San Andrea al Quirinale, was not unknown to scholars.2 erected in fulfillment of a vow made after the great fire of The site was discovered, but not excavated, in 1644 when Nero (A.D. 64).7 Pope Urban VIII (Maffeo Barberini) and Gianlorenzo Bernini Archaeological evidence attests to two other altars, laid the foundations of San Andrea al Quirinale; at that time, bearing identical inscriptions, excavated in the sixteenth the inscription was removed to the Vatican, and then the and seventeenth centuries; the Ara Incendii Neroniani found altar was essentially forgotten.3 Lanciani’s notes from May on the Quirinal was the last of the three to be discovered.8 22, 1889, describe a fairly intact structure—a travertine block Little is known of the two other altars; one, presumably altar with remnants of a marble base molding on two sides.4 found on the Vatican plain, was reportedly used as building Although the altar’s inscription was not in situ, Lanciani refers material for the basilica of St.
    [Show full text]
  • Rome. the Etymological Origins
    ROME.THE ETYMOLOGICAL ORIGINS Enrique Cabrejas — Director Linguistic Studies, Regen Palmer (Barcelona, Spain) E-mail: [email protected] The name of Rome was always a great mystery. Through this taxonomic study of Greek and Latin language, Enrique Cabrejas gives us the keys and unpublished answers to understand the etymology of the name. For thousands of years never came to suspect, including about the founder Romulus the reasons for the name and of his brother Remus, plus the unknown place name of the Lazio of the Italian peninsula which housed the foundation of ancient Rome. Keywords: Rome, Romulus, Remus, Tiber, Lazio, Italy, Rhea Silvia, Numitor, Amulio, Titus Tatius, Aeneas, Apollo, Aphrodite, Venus, Quirites, Romans, Sabines, Latins, Ἕλενος, Greeks, Etruscans, Iberians, fortuitus casus, vis maior, force majeure, rape of the Sabine, Luperca, Capitoline wolf, Palladium, Pallas, Vesta, Troy, Plutarch, Virgil, Herodotus, Enrique Cabrejas, etymology, taxonomy, Latin, Greek, ancient history , philosophy of language, acronyms, phrases, grammar, spelling, epigraphy, epistemology. Introduction There are names that highlight by their size or their amazing story. And from Rome we know his name, also history but what is the meaning? The name of Rome was always a great mystery. There are numerous and various hypotheses on the origin, list them again would not add any value to this document. My purpose is to reveal the true and not add more conjectures. Then I’ll convey an epistemology that has been unprecedented for thousands of years. So this theory of knowledge is an argument that I could perfectly support empirically. Let me take that Rome was founded as a popular legend tells by the brothers Romulus and Remus, suckled by a she-wolf, and according to other traditions by Romulus on 21 April 753 B.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Waters of Rome Journal
    TIBER RIVER BRIDGES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF ROME Rabun Taylor [email protected] Introduction arly Rome is usually interpreted as a little ring of hilltop urban area, but also the everyday and long-term movements of E strongholds surrounding the valley that is today the Forum. populations. Much of the subsequent commentary is founded But Rome has also been, from the very beginnings, a riverside upon published research, both by myself and by others.2 community. No one doubts that the Tiber River introduced a Functionally, the bridges in Rome over the Tiber were commercial and strategic dimension to life in Rome: towns on of four types. A very few — perhaps only one permanent bridge navigable rivers, especially if they are near the river’s mouth, — were private or quasi-private, and served the purposes of enjoy obvious advantages. But access to and control of river their owners as well as the public. ThePons Agrippae, discussed traffic is only one aspect of riparian power and responsibility. below, may fall into this category; we are even told of a case in This was not just a river town; it presided over the junction of the late Republic in which a special bridge was built across the a river and a highway. Adding to its importance is the fact that Tiber in order to provide access to the Transtiberine tomb of the river was a political and military boundary between Etruria the deceased during the funeral.3 The second type (Pons Fabri- and Latium, two cultural domains, which in early times were cius, Pons Cestius, Pons Neronianus, Pons Aelius, Pons Aure- often at war.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrating Conjugative Elements of the SXT/R391 Family That Encode Novel Diguanylate Cyclases Participate to C-Di-GMP Signalling in Vibrio Cholerae
    RÉGULATION DU C-DI-GMP ET RÔLE DE CE MESSAGER SECONDAIRE DANS LA FORMATION DE PILI DE TYPE IV CHEZ CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE par Eric Bordeleau thèse présentée au Département de biologie en vue de l’obtention du grade de docteur ès science (Ph.D.) FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES UNIVERSITÉ DE SHERBROOKE Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, juillet 2014 Le 15 juillet 2014 le jury a accepté la thèse de Monsieur Eric Bordeleau dans sa version finale. Membres du jury Professeur Vincent Burrus Directeur de recherche Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke Professeur Josée Harel Évaluatrice externe Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Professeur Daniel Lafontaine Évaluateur interne Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke Professeur Louis-Charles Fortier Évaluateur interne Département de microbiologie, Université de Sherbrooke Professeur François Malouin Président-rapporteur Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke SOMMAIRE Malgré la découverte du c-di-GMP en 1987, ce n’est que durant la dernière décennie que l’importance de ce messager secondaire dans la régulation des phénotypes bactériens a été exposée. Synthétisé par des diguanylate cyclases (DGC) et dégradé par des phosphodiestérases spécifiques (PDE), le c-di-GMP est prédit pour être un messager secondaire très répandu chez les bactéries et pratiquement exclusif à celles-ci. Le c-di-GMP est particulièrement reconnu pour son rôle dans la transition des bactéries motiles et planctoniques vers la formation de biofilm chez les bactéries à Gram négatif telles qu’Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Vibrio cholerae. De plus, le c-di-GMP est impliqué dans la régulation de l’expression de certains facteurs de virulence chez certaines bactéries.
    [Show full text]
  • I Lavori Di Sistemazione Del Tevere Nelle Fotografie Dei Fratelli D'alessandri
    I LAVORI DI SISTEMAZIONE DEL TEVERE NELLE FOTOGRAFIE DEI FRATELLI D’ALESSANDRI Andrea Sciolari 2020 I LAVORI DI SISTEMAZIONE DEL TEVERE NELLE FOTOGRAFIE DEI FRATELLI D’ALESSANDRI Andrea Sciolari 2020 Il ritrovamento di un raro album di fotografie (1) che venne commissionato nel 1887 ai fratelli d’ Alessandri per documentare l’ aspetto delle sponde del Tevere prima che la costruzione dei muraglioni ne facesse perdere per sempre la memoria, ci rimanda a quella che fu una delle più impegnative opere edili che lo Stato italiano dovette affrontare per la sua nuova capitale. Ad evidenziare l’ urgenza del problema e con una tempistica che sembrò studiata a tavolino, il 29 dicembre 1870 si assistette ad una piena secolare che inondò una vasta parte del centro abitato: la prima visita del Re a Roma avvenne proprio per verificare gli effetti devastanti che ne seguirono ed esprimere la propria solidarietà ai suoi nuovi sudditi . All’ epoca peraltro tutte le fogne cittadine sversavano direttamente nel Tevere e, quando il livello del fiume saliva oltre un certo limite, i tombini delle zone più basse dell’ abitato iniziavano a rigurgitare allagando strade e piazze anche a notevole distanza dal suo alveo e con effetti igenico sanitari facili da immaginare: problema fognario e contenimento delle piene richiedevano dunque una contestuale e rapida risoluzione tanto che il 1 gennaio del 1871 fu subito istituita una commissione di studio che nell’ arco di un anno selezionò il progetto dell’ ing Raffaele Canevari come il più idoneo a risolvere il problema. Questo progetto prevedeva, in linea generale, oltre ai nuovi argini in terra nel tratto di fiume a nord di Roma, la costruzione nel tratto urbano di due muraglioni la cui altezza era poco al di sopra del livello raggiunto dal fiume nella sua ultima piena, mentre la distanza tra loro (calcolata nel punto più alto) doveva mantenersi costante nella misura di mt 100, andando quindi a regolarizzare la sezione dell’ alveo fluviale esistente e rettificarne leggermente alcuni tratti.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Bernard, Seth G., "Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C." (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 492. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Abstract MEN AT WORK: PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION, LABOR, AND SOCIETY AT MID-REPUBLICAN ROME, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard C. Brian Rose, Supervisor of Dissertation This dissertation investigates how Rome organized and paid for the considerable amount of labor that went into the physical transformation of the Middle Republican city. In particular, it considers the role played by the cost of public construction in the socioeconomic history of the period, here defined as 390 to 168 B.C. During the Middle Republic period, Rome expanded its dominion first over Italy and then over the Mediterranean. As it developed into the political and economic capital of its world, the city itself went through transformative change, recognizable in a great deal of new public infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating the Effects of the Geography of Italy Geography Of
    Name: Date: Evaluating the Effects of the Geography of Italy Warm up writing space: Review: What are some geographical features that made settlement in ancient Greece difficult? Write as many as you can. Be able to explain why you picked them. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Give One / Get One Directions: • You will get 1 card with important information about Rome’s or Italy’s geography. Read and understand your card. • Record what you learned as a pro or a con on your T chart. • With your card and your T chart, stand up and move around to other students. • Trade information with other students. Explain your card to them (“Give One”), and then hear what they have to say (“Get One.”) Record their new information to your T chart. • Repeat! Geography of Italy Pros J Cons L Give one / Get one cards (Teachers, preprint and cut a set of these cards for each class. If there are more than 15 students in a class, print out a few doubles. It’s okay for some children to get the same card.) The hills of Rome Fertile volcanic soil 40% Mountainous The city-state of Rome was originally Active volcanoes in Italy (ex: Mt. About 40% of the Italian peninsula is built on seven hills. Fortifications and Etna, Mt. Vesuvius) that create lava covered by mountains. important buildings were placed at and ash help to make some of the the tops of the hills. Eventually, a land on the peninsula more fertile. city-wall was built around the hills. Peninsula Mediterranean climate Tiber River Italy is a narrow peninsula—land Italy, especially the southern part of The Tiber River links Rome, which is surrounded by water on 3 sides.
    [Show full text]
  • Handout Name Yourself Like a Roman (CLAS 160)
    NAME YOURSELF LIKE A ROMAN Choose Your Gender 0 Roman naming conventions differed for men and women, and the Romans didn’t conceive of other options or categories (at least for naming purposes!). For viri (men): Choose Your Praenomen (“first name”) 1 This is your personal name, just like modern American first names: Michael, Jonathan, Jason, etc. The Romans used a very limited number of first names and tended to be very conservative about them, reusing the same small number of names within families. In the Roman Republic, your major options are: Some of these names (Quintus, Sextus, • Appius • Manius • Servius Septimus, etc.) clearly originally referred • Aulus • Marcus • Sextus to birth order: Fifth, Sixth, Seventh. Others are related to important aspects of • Decimus • Numerius • Spurius Roman culture: the name Marcus probably • Gaius • Postumus • Statius comes from the god Mars and Tiberius from the river Tiber. Other are mysterious. • Gnaeus • Publius • Tiberius But over time, these names lost their • Lucius • Quintus • Titus original significance and became hereditary, with sons named after their • Mamercus • Septimus • Vibius father or another male relative. Choose Your Nomen (“family name”) 2 Your second name identifies you by gens: family or clan, much like our modern American last name. While praenomina vary between members of the same family, the nomen is consistent. Some famous nomina include Claudius, Cornelius, Fabius, Flavius, Julius, Junius, and Valerius. Side note: if an enslaved person was freed or a foreigner was granted citizenship, they were technically adopted into the family of their “patron,” and so received his nomen as well. De Boer 2020 OPTIONAL: Choose Your Cognomen (“nickname”) Many Romans had just a praenomen and a nomen, and it was customary and polite to address a 3 person by this combo (as in “hello, Marcus Tullius, how are you today?” “I am well, Gaius Julius, and you?”).
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Note: Surface Water Velocity Observations from a Camera: a Case Study on the Tiber River
    Supplement of Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 11, 11883–11904, 2014 http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/11/11883/2014/ doi:10.5194/hessd-11-11883-2014-supplement © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Supplement of Technical Note: Surface water velocity observations from a camera: a case study on the Tiber River F. Tauro et al. Correspondence to: S. Grimaldi ([email protected]) PUBLICATIONS Water Resources Research RESEARCH ARTICLE Orienting the camera and firing lasers to enhance large scale 10.1002/2014WR015952 particle image velocimetry for streamflow monitoring Key Points: Flavia Tauro1,2,3, Maurizio Porfiri1, and Salvatore Grimaldi1,3,4 Camera is oriented with its axis perpendicular to the water surface 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering, Field of view calibration through a Brooklyn, New York, USA, 2Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, system of lasers Italy, 3Honors Center of Italian Universities, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 4Dipartimento per l’Innovazione nei LSPIV accuracy is improved by relating velocity data to tracer Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy density Abstract Large scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) is a nonintrusive methodology for continuous Correspondence to: S. Grimaldi, surface flow monitoring in natural environments. Recent experimental studies demonstrate that LSPIV is a [email protected] promising technique to estimate flow discharge in riverine systems. Traditionally, LSPIV implementations are based on the use of angled cameras to capture extended fields of view; images are then orthorectified Citation: and calibrated through the acquisition of ground reference points.
    [Show full text]
  • 9781107013995 Index.Pdf
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01399-5 — Rome Rabun Taylor , Katherine Rinne , Spiro Kostof Index More Information INDEX abitato , 209 , 253 , 255 , 264 , 273 , 281 , 286 , 288 , cura(tor) aquarum (et Miniciae) , water 290 , 319 commission later merged with administration, ancient. See also Agrippa ; grain distribution authority, 40 , archives ; banishment and 47 , 97 , 113 , 115 , 116 – 17 , 124 . sequestration ; libraries ; maps ; See also Frontinus, Sextus Julius ; regions ( regiones ) ; taxes, tarif s, water supply ; aqueducts; etc. customs, and fees ; warehouses ; cura(tor) operum maximorum (commission of wharves monumental works), 162 Augustan reorganization of, 40 – 41 , cura(tor) riparum et alvei Tiberis (commission 47 – 48 of the Tiber), 51 censuses and public surveys, 19 , 24 , 82 , cura(tor) viarum (roads commission), 48 114 – 17 , 122 , 125 magistrates of the vici ( vicomagistri ), 48 , 91 codes, laws, and restrictions, 27 , 29 , 47 , Praetorian Prefect and Guard, 60 , 96 , 99 , 63 – 65 , 114 , 162 101 , 115 , 116 , 135 , 139 , 154 . See also against permanent theaters, 57 – 58 Castra Praetoria of burial, 37 , 117 – 20 , 128 , 154 , 187 urban prefect and prefecture, 76 , 116 , 124 , districts and boundaries, 41 , 45 , 49 , 135 , 139 , 163 , 166 , 171 67 – 69 , 116 , 128 . See also vigiles (i re brigade), 66 , 85 , 96 , 116 , pomerium ; regions ( regiones ) ; vici ; 122 , 124 Aurelian Wall ; Leonine Wall ; police and policing, 5 , 100 , 114 – 16 , 122 , wharves 144 , 171 grain, l our, or bread procurement and Severan reorganization of, 96 – 98 distribution, 27 , 89 , 96 – 100 , staf and minor oi cials, 48 , 91 , 116 , 126 , 175 , 215 102 , 115 , 117 , 124 , 166 , 171 , 177 , zones and zoning, 6 , 38 , 84 , 85 , 126 , 127 182 , 184 – 85 administration, medieval frumentationes , 46 , 97 charitable institutions, 158 , 169 , 179 – 87 , 191 , headquarters of administrative oi ces, 81 , 85 , 201 , 299 114 – 17 , 214 Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Coriolanus and Fortuna Muliebris Roger D. Woodard
    Coriolanus and Fortuna Muliebris Roger D. Woodard Know, Rome, that all alone Marcius did fight Within Corioli gates: where he hath won, With fame, a name to Caius Marcius; these In honour follows Coriolanus. William Shakespeare, Coriolanus Act 2 1. Introduction In recent work, I have argued for a primitive Indo-European mythic tradition of what I have called the dysfunctional warrior – a warrior who, subsequent to combat, is rendered unable to function in the role of protector within his own society.1 The warrior’s dysfunctionality takes two forms: either he is unable after combat to relinquish his warrior rage and turns that rage against his own people; or the warrior isolates himself from society, removing himself to some distant place. In some descendent instantiations of the tradition the warrior shows both responses. The myth is characterized by a structural matrix which consists of the following six elements: (1) initial presentation of the crisis of the warrior; (2) movement across space to a distant locale; (3) confrontation between the warrior and an erotic feminine, typically a body of women who display themselves lewdly or offer themselves sexually to the warrior (figures of fecundity); (4) clairvoyant feminine who facilitates or mediates in this confrontation; (5) application of waters to the warrior; and (6) consequent establishment of societal order coupled often with an inaugural event. These structural features survive intact in most of the attested forms of the tradition, across the Indo-European cultures that provide us with the evidence, though with some structural adjustment at times. I have proposed that the surviving myths reflect a ritual structure of Proto-Indo-European date and that descendent ritual practices can also be identified.
    [Show full text]