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Logistics Response to the Industry 4.0: the Physical Internet
Open Eng. 2016; 6:511–517 Review Article Open Access Marinko Maslarić*, Svetlana Nikoličić, and Dejan Mirčetić Logistics Response to the Industry 4.0: the Physical Internet DOI 10.1515/eng-2016-0073 Received Jun 25, 2016; accepted Aug 01, 2016 1 Introduction Abstract: Today’s mankind and all human activities are Maybe the key word of this century is digitalization. Dig- constantly changing and evolving in response to changes italization is present in all spheres of human activities. in technology, social and economic environments and cli- When it comes to business activities then digitalization mate. Those changes drive a “new” way of manufacturing is a personification of the concept Industry 4.0. That is, industry. That novelty could be described as the organiza- words such as mechanization, electrification and informa- tion of production processes based on technology and de- tization are key words for the first three industrial revolu- vices autonomously communicating with each other along tions respectively, so is digitalization, which includes the the value chain. Decision-makers have to address this nov- use of integrated Cyber-Physical Systems, the key word for elty (usually named as Industry 4.0) and try to develop the fourth industrial revolution or the Industry 4.0. The appropriate information systems, physical facilities, and term Industry 4.0 refers to a further developmental stage different kind of technologies capable of meeting thefu- in the organization and management of the entire value ture needs of economy. As a consequence, there is a need chain process involved in manufacturing industry [1–3]. for new paradigms of the way freight is move, store, real- The Industry 4.0 assumes the formation of global networks ize, and supply through the world (logistics system). -
Short Circuit: a Counter-Logistics Reader
SHORT-CIRCUIT a counterlogistics reader CONTENTS Introduction v Zad, Commune, Metropolis 1 Anonymous Logistics, Counterlogistics, and the 18 Communist Prospect Jasper Bernes Communist Measures in 64 Notre-Dame-Des-Landes Max L’Hameunasse The Cybernetic Hypothesis: Part IV 70 Tiqqun Communist Measures 88 Leon de Mattis Disaster Communism 112 Out of the Woods The Anthropocene 136 1882 Woodbine Choke Points: Mapping an Anticap- 198 italist Counterlogistics in California Degenerate Communism Further Reading 245 INTRODUCTION These days everything is about speed, flexibility and initiative. Goods are delivered to us before we order them, and criminals arrested before committing crimes. Mecha- nisms of control mirror mechanisms of proft, both in the “productive” sphere of crafting citizen-consumer subjects, and the disciplinary sphere of surveillance, monitoring, and repression. Knowledge of systems, networks, location and movement become ever more important for both the state and capital, just as that knowledge becomes ever more seamlessly integrated and indistinguishable. Tere are a few diferent words for this tendency. One word is cybernetics: the study of systems and networks, the conversion of human relations into an ecology of data points that can be tweaked and controlled but remains self-stabilizing. Cybernetics comes from the Greek kubernèsis, “to pilot or steer,” as in to steer economy, society. We want to disrupt the piloting of this ship, to take what detritus is usable and leave the rest to sink in the rising oceans. Above all, cybernetics seeks to know everything. Just as the liberal subject arose arm-in-arm with the com- modity—exchangeable, formally equal—the contemporary subject is tracked with the same precision as contemporary goods. -
Big Data & Supply Chains
Big Data & Supply Chains JLL EMEA Industrial & Logistics A logistics revolution in the making? 2018 Big Data and Supply Chains 3 Introduction Good logistics and supply chain management are about In this short paper we consider some of the specific delivering superior customer service at a lower cost, but, in opportunities for big data to make supply chains more many respects, these twin objectives have become more efficient and reduce costs, assuming businesses can challenging as supply chains have become increasingly overcome all the obstacles to incorporating big data into complex and customers more demanding. Today, supply their operations. These initial observations are based on chains often extend across the globe and involve multiple supply chains staying much as they are now but becoming parties, while customers (whether businesses or end more closely integrated with enhanced transparency. consumers) want things quicker than ever before. In addition, we discuss the role big data could play over the Over time supply chains have become better integrated as longer-term in a far more radical overhaul of logistics and businesses have joined up their internal logistics operations supply chains, by potentially facilitating a more open supply and better aligned their logistics processes with their supply chain system (or systems) in which freight is moved in ‘smart’ chain partners. However, despite this, many supply chains containers through networks of ‘smart’ open access logistics still lack transparency. In particular, the visibility of end centres and hubs. This concept of a ‘Physical Internet’ is consumer demand and the movement and precise location designed to improve the efficiency and sustainability of the of materials, parts and goods along supply chains is often global logistics system.1 However, if it is to become a reality limited for many supply chain parties. -
From Horizontal Collaboration to the Physical Internet – a Case Study from Austria
L. Simmer et al., Int. J. Transp. Dev. Integr., Vol. 1, No. 2 (2017) 129–136 FROM HORIZONTAL COLLABORATION TO THE PHYSICAL INTERNET – A CASE STUDY FROM AUSTRIA L. SIMMER, S. PFOSER, M. GRABNER, O. SCHAUER & L.M. PUTZ University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Austria. ABSTRACT The growing global flow of goods, the increasing problem of traffic congestion and the inefficiencies associated with distribution and logistics or the discerning consumers’ high standards for products and delivery services lead to new logistical requirements, for which the model of the ‘Physical Internet’ has emerged as a probable solution. Physical Internet is a novel concept that transforms how physical ob- jects are designed, manufactured and distributed aiming for a radical sustainability improvement. The implementation of the Physical Internet leads to the need to rethink some basic concepts of logistics such as the shift from private supply networks to open supply networks. Therefore, increased collabora- tion and coordination is necessary. In order to make a productive contribution to the first steps towards the Physical Internet in Austria, this article focuses on the need for horizontal collaborations, which are required to realize the Physical Internet. Moreover, the study explores the views, experiences, beliefs and motivations of transport service providers in Austria in the context of horizontal collaborations and the Physical Internet. A literature research was carried out in a first step. Afterwards interviews with forwarding agencies and logistics service providers were conducted. Findings highlight that bar- riers such as the fear of antitrust fines or the high administrative input have to be removed to enable close vertical and horizontal collaboration among different logistics companies in Europe, as the vision of the Physical Internet is encouraging a smooth transition from independent supply chains to open global supply networks. -
Federal Labor Relations Statutes: an Overview
Federal Labor Relations Statutes: An Overview Alexandra Hegji Analyst in Social Policy November 26, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42526 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Federal Labor Relations Statutes: An Overview Summary Since 1926, Congress has enacted three major laws that govern labor-management relations for private sector and federal employees. An issue for Congress is the effect of these laws on employers, workers, and the nation’s economy. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that, nationwide, 14.8 million employees are union members. In the 112th Congress alone, more than 30 bills were introduced to amend federal labor relations statutes. The proposals ranged from making union recognition without a secret ballot election illegal to further modifying runoff election procedures. These legislative activities, and the significant number of employees affected by federal labor relations laws, illustrate the current relevance of labor relations issues to legislators and their constituents. The three major labor relations statutes in the United States are the Railway Labor Act, the National Labor Relations Act, and the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute. Each law governs a distinct population of the U.S. workforce. The Railway Labor Act (RLA) was enacted in 1926, and its coverage extends to railway and airline carriers, unions, and employees of the carriers. The RLA guarantees employees the right to organize and collectively bargain with their employers over conditions of work and protects them against unfair employer and union practices. It lays out specific procedures for selecting employee representatives and provides a dispute resolution system that aims to efficiently resolve labor disputes between parties, with an emphasis on mediation and arbitration. -
The Struggles of Iregularly-Employed Workers in South Korea, 1999-20121
1 The Struggles of Iregularly-Employed Workers in South Korea, 1999-20121 Jennifer Jihye Chun Department of Sociology University of Toronto [email protected] November 25, 2013 In December 1999, two years after the South Korean government accepted a $58.4 billion bailout package from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), President Kim Dae-Jung announced that the nation’s currency crisis was officially over. The South Korean government’s aggressive measures to stabilize financial markets, which included drastic efforts to reduce labor costs, dismantle employment security, and legalize indirect forms of dispatch or temporary employment, contributed to the fastest recovery of a single country after the 1997 Asian Debt Crisis, restoring annual GDP growth rates to pre-crisis levels.2 While the business community praised such efforts for helping debt-ridden banks and companies survive the crisis, labor unions and other proponents of social and economic justice virulently condemned the government’s neoliberal policy agenda for subjecting workers to deepening inequality and injustice. Despite differing opinions on the impact of government austerity measures, both sides agree that the “post-IMF” era is synonymous with a new world of work. Employment precarity – that is, the vulnerability of workers to an array of cost-cutting employer practices that depress wage standards, working conditions and job and income security – is a defining feature of the 21st century South Korean economy. The majority of jobs in the labor market consist of informal and precarious jobs that provide minimal, if any, legal protection against unjust and discriminatory employment practices. Informally- and precariously- employed workers also face numerous barriers to challenging deteriorating working conditions and heightened employer abuses through the conventional repertoire of unionism: strikes, collective bargaining and union agreements. -
Negotiating the Crisis? Collective Bargaining in Europe During the Economic Downturn
Working Paper No. 10 International Labour Office Geneva Negotiating the crisis? Collective bargaining in Europe during the economic downturn Vera Glassner Maarten Keune With support from the European Union March 2010 Industrial and Employment Relations Department (DIALOGUE) Working Paper No. 10 Negotiating the crisis? Collective bargaining in Europe during the economic downturn Vera Glassner and Maarten Keune Industrial and Employment Relations Department International Labour Office • Geneva March 2010 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2010 First published 2010 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered in the United Kingdom with the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP [Fax: (+44) (0)20 7631 5500; email: [email protected]], in the United States with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 [Fax: (+1) (978) 750 4470; email: [email protected]] or in other countries with associated Reproduction Rights Organizations, may make photocopies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data Glassner, Vera; Keune, Maarten Negotiating the crisis? collective bargaining in Europe during the economic downturn / Vera Glassner and Maarten Keune ; International Labour Office. - Geneva: ILO, 2010 1 v. -
Facilities for Trade Union Officials and Members to Exercise Their Rights – a Comparative Review 02 03
Facilities for trade union officials and members to exercise their rights – A comparative review 02 03 Table of Contents Introduction: The background of the project......................................................................................................................7 The freedom of association and the right to organize as a matrix...............................................................................9 Part I: General Part.............................................................................................................................................................17 European and international law...........................................................................................................................................17 Comparative labour law........................................................................................................................................................21 Protection against acts of anti-union discrimination......................................................................................................21 Belgium.....................................................................................................................................................................................21 Denmark..................................................................................................................................................................................22 France.......................................................................................................................................................................................23 -
Liberty Template
Vol. 16 No 5 December 2017 ISSN 0791-458X Brexit Protecting 2017 the year of breakthrough Whistleblowers women’s football Page 10 Page 13 Page 30 More action needed to curb precarious work by Scott Millar Long awaited government proposals to change em- ployment law in order to provide greater security for workers, have been described by trade unions as a step in the right direction but in need of amendment if they are to provide adequate protections against precarious work practices. The Employment (Miscellaneous Provisions) Bill 2017 was published on 7th December. The Bill proposes to make it mandatory that workers are provided with their core terms of employment within five days of beginning a job. The legislation will also ban zero hours contracts “in most circumstances”, with exceptions including to allow employers to provide cover in emergency situations or to cover short-term absences. SIPTU Services Division Organiser, Ethel Buckley, said: “While there are positive aspects to these proposals more must be done to protect SIPTU members Liz Cloherty, Maria Power and Stephanie Lee calling on the Government to give Section 39 workers’ pay workers against the rapid expansion in precarious work practices. justice outside Leinster House on Wednesday, 8th November 2017. See page 15. Photo: Rolling News SIPTU is focused on this issue because it affects a growing number of workers. “As part of our Fighting for the Future of Work campaign our mem- bers are calling for a remedial social statute which will put right the social wrong of precarious work and provide workers with an entitle- 2017 Highlights Crossword ment to security of hours.” Page 16-17 Page 31 She added: “Together with ICTU, we are campaigning for amend- ments to this Bill so that the scope of its ban on zero hours contracts Continued on page 2 WORKERS RIGHTS CENTRE 8.30 a.m. -
A New Peonage?: Debt Enforcement As Labor Regulation in the Era of Precarious Work in Preparation for Noah Zatz [email protected]
A New Peonage?: Debt Enforcement as Labor Regulation in the Era of Precarious Work in preparation for Noah Zatz [email protected] The Thirteenth Amendment Through the Lens of Class and Labor @ Seattle University School of Law Dear Colleagues: I eagerly await our conversations in Seattle. Unfortunately, I am behind schedule on my paper. What I am sending you below is the closely related paper I am presenting two days before at Law & Society. For our conference, I plan to focus in more detail on the child-support enforcement cases and their 13th amendment analysis, so this provides the big picture within which that line of analysis is situated. Thanks Noah “Precarious Work in the Carceral State: Seeing the Invisible Fist” Noah Zatz for presentation at the Law & Society Ass’n Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA May 30, 2015 Preliminary draft as of May 15, 2015 * * * Not for circulation * * * [PP blank] The subtitle’s phrase “invisible fist” of course plays on the notion of the invisible hand by which market outcomes supposedly are produced from the aggregation of private decisions unmolested by the state. What we want to explore 1 here, building on a long tradition of doubting the public/private divide between state and economy, is the extent to which so-called market outcomes are produced through the threat or application of state violence, the strike of the fist. Invisibility here does not connote intangibility, but instead marks the relative absence of state violence from conventional accounts of labor market inequality, including accounts in broadly critical and progressive veins. -
Precarious Work and Human Rights
International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers’ Associations 8 Rampe du Pont Rouge, Petit Lancy, CH-1213 Geneva, Switzerland Tel : +41 22 793 22 33 ; Fax : +41 22 793 22 38 ; e-mail :[email protected]; www.iuf.org Precarious Work: Undermining Human Rights Any meaningful investigation of the relationship between business and human rights must address the rights impact of the accelerating dissolution of what the ILO and others refer to as the "standard employment relationship" (i.e. direct, permanent employment) and the rise of precarious work. This note does not attempt to account for the role of institutions like the World Bank and the OECD in pushing for even more precarious work relations, rewarding and rating countries for their efforts to abolish direct employment. Agriculture, which still has the world's largest work force, is almost entirely built on precarious labour, and there is a vital connection between this and the fact that agricultural workers who help to feed the world are often among the most food insecure. The relationship between poverty and deepening inequality, and the growth of precarious work in rich and poor countries alike, has been well documented. The purpose here is to highlight a phenomenon which has not received the attention it requires, i.e. the increasingly widespread use of indirect, precarious employment relations to weaken trade union organization and bargaining power. It is in this context that precarious work emerges as a fundamental human rights issue demanding a strong response rooted in a comprehensive human rights framework. The ILO defines the standard employment relationship in these terms: The traditional pattern of the employment relationship, or standard employment relationship, has for many years been that of full time work, under a contract of employment for unlimited duration, with a single employer, and protected against unjustified dismissal. -
Procedures for Establishing a Dual Gate System
PROCEDURES FOR ESTABLISHING A DUAL GATE SYSTEM WWW.AGCMASS.ORG Procedures for Establishing a Dual Gate System 888 Worcester Street, Suite 40 Wellesley, MA 02482-3708 781/235-2680 Fax: 781/235-6020 www.agcmass.org INTRODUCTION The procedure to follow in establishing a dual gate has been developed to assist member firms, both union and open shop, in effectively providing for a mixed job site with minimal exposure to costly job shutdowns caused by potential labor problems. The practice of having both union and open shop firms working side-by- side on the same site is widespread throughout the industry. Construction trade unions are able to place economic pressure on project owners and general contractors by picketing non-signatory contractors. Unless a specific legally established procedure is followed, these pickets could cause signatory firms’ employees from crossing the picket line, thereby shutting down the job. In many cases, the unions have a legally protected right to picket. Dual gates provide a practical, low-cost method of minimizing the impact of these pickets. This guide is intended to provide a step-by-step approach to establishing dual gates and should be used in conjunction with assistance from Associated General Contractors of Massachusetts – (781) 235-2680 – and legal counsel. Remember to call AGC for a review of each individual situation – it’s one service of your membership. AGC of Massachusetts wishes to acknowledge the efforts of the California chapter of AGC in developing many of the guidelines for this publication. DEFINITIONS Dual Gate, Reserved Gate, Two Gate System is a procedure under the National Labor Relations Act, which isolates a disputing union and employer, thereby allowing other neutral contractors to continue working.