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An Investigation of the Kennings in Ragnarsdrápa and Øxarflokkr
Universitet i Oslo, Fall 2013 Exploring the Emotive versus the Scholarly: an Investigation of the Kennings in Ragnarsdrápa and Øxarflokkr By Sydney A. Krell Guidance: Mikael Males Master Thesis in Nordic Viking and Medieval Culture Summary The poetry of Bragi inn Gamli and Einarr Skúlason has been thoroughly studied by many Old Norse scholars, but never directly in comparison to one another. This paper will investigate the nuances of each author’s verse, specifically regarding the way in which they utilize kennings, and draw conclusions based upon their similarities and differences. Both Bragi and Einarr composed within the same language, geographical area, and poetic tradition; they used similar kenning types that evolve from pagan imagery; and each describes a precious weapon given to them by a ruler whom they praise via a traditional skaldic long style poem. However, they could not be more different. This is due to the fact that Einarr’s kennings are meant to show his scholastic prowess, and Bragi’s are meant to affect his audience and move his plot based verse forward. The poetry of Bragi Boddason makes use of pagan mythology, ekphrasis, nýgerving, ofljóst and metaphors in the form of kennings, just as the poetry of Einarr Skúlason does. And yet the poems differ so greatly. Bragi’s kennings are meant to affect his audience on an emotional level, whereas Einarr’s are meant to impress on a scholarly level. Each author accomplishes magnificent prose, but with different expectations and outcomes achieved. 1 Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor Mikael Males for his support, useful comments, encouragement and guidance throughout the process of writing my master thesis. -
The Prose Edda
THE PROSE EDDA SNORRI STURLUSON (1179–1241) was born in western Iceland, the son of an upstart Icelandic chieftain. In the early thirteenth century, Snorri rose to become Iceland’s richest and, for a time, its most powerful leader. Twice he was elected law-speaker at the Althing, Iceland’s national assembly, and twice he went abroad to visit Norwegian royalty. An ambitious and sometimes ruthless leader, Snorri was also a man of learning, with deep interests in the myth, poetry and history of the Viking Age. He has long been assumed to be the author of some of medieval Iceland’s greatest works, including the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, the latter a saga history of the kings of Norway. JESSE BYOCK is Professor of Old Norse and Medieval Scandinavian Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Professor at UCLA’s Cotsen Institute of Archaeology. A specialist in North Atlantic and Viking Studies, he directs the Mosfell Archaeological Project in Iceland. Prof. Byock received his Ph.D. from Harvard University after studying in Iceland, Sweden and France. His books and translations include Viking Age Iceland, Medieval Iceland: Society, Sagas, and Power, Feud in the Icelandic Saga, The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki and The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer. SNORRI STURLUSON The Prose Edda Norse Mythology Translated with an Introduction and Notes by JESSE L. BYOCK PENGUIN BOOKS PENGUIN CLASSICS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Group (USA) Inc., -
September 2017 N°17
ISSN 2499-1341 EXPRESSION quarterly e-journal of atelier in cooperation with uispp-cisenp. international scientific commission on the intellectual and spiritual expressions of non-literate peoples N°17 September 2017 CULT SITES AND ART Anthropomorphic face on the entrance slab of a circular ceremonial structure from Har Karkom, Negev desert, Israel (Pre-pottery Neolithic site BK 608). EDITORIAL NOTES accompany them. What echoes accompanied CULT SITES the paintings in the prehistoric caves? What performances, if any, were taking place in front AND ART of the decorated rock surfaces? The visual art stresses myths, mythical beings Walking along a narrow trail, on the edge of and/or historical facts, which are related to the a steep valley in the middle of a deep forest, cult and to the sanctity of the site. It is the visual we suddenly heard noises of human presen- memory that justifes the function of the site. ce, voices that were neither speeches nor son- Was it the same in prehistoric times? In front of gs, something in between. We reached a cave where a number of people were assembled in rock art sites, in the Camonica Valley, Italy, or a corner and an old bearded man was standing in Kakadu in Arnhem Land, Australia, or in the on an upper step of the rock talking ... perhaps Drakensberg caves, South Africa, or in the Al- talking, perhaps declaiming, perhaps singing, tamira cave, Spain, the presence of prehistoric but not to the people below. He was talking or art awakens a sense of sacredness, we feel that performing or praying in front of a white rock these were and are special places but .. -
Gender and Genre: Short and Long Forms in the Saga Literature
Gender and Genre: Short and Long Forms in the Saga Literature Ma9r er manns gaman. Havamal The male world of the p&ttir (singular: pattr) or short stories of the Old Norse-Icelandic saga literature can be exemplified in a telling form by the thirteenth- or fourteenth-century tale about Gestr of the Norns, Norna-Gests pattr. 1 The guest, a visitor from the distant pagan and heroic past, finds his way to the court of the first Christian king of Norway, Olafr Tryggvason (the year would have been 998). An atmosphere of tension accompanies the stranger, who is not Christian but has been primesigned; and the mystery peaks when Gestr, chal lenged by a wager, produces a fragment of a golden saddle buckle that had belonged to the ancient hero SigurSr Fafnisbani. Pressed for an explanation, the old man begins his reminiscences of the heroic age with the story of Sigurd’s youth, including a minor incident in i . Critical text in Ernst Wilken, ed., Die prosaische Edda im Auszuge nebst Vglsunga- saga undNornagests-thattr, Theil I: Text (Paderborn, 1877), pp. 2 35-26 1. (Wilken’s 2nd ed. rev. of 19 12 omits the introductory discussions; cf. there pp. vi-vii.) There are two versions: Flateyjarbok: En samling af norske konge-sagaer mid indskudte mindre fort&l-linger, [ed. C. R. Unger and G. Vigfusson] 3 vols. (Christiania, 1860-68), I, 346-359; and Norrone skrifter af sagnhistorisk indhold, ed. Sophus Bugge, I [=Det norske oldskriftselskabs samlinger, VI] (Christiania, 1864), 47-80 [from “ S” (= MS. AM 62) with readings from Flateyjarbok]. -
Ladda Ner Ladda Ned
ARKIV FÖR NORDISK FILOLOGI UTGIVET MED UNDERSTÖD AV AXEL KOCKS FOND FÖR NORDISK FILOLOGI SAMT STATSBIDRAG FRÅN DANMARK FINLAND NORGE OCH SVERIGE GENOM SVEN BENSON UNDER MEDVERKAN AV SIGURD FRIES KRISTIAN HALD EYVIND FJELD HALVORSEN JÓN HELGASON LUDVIG HOLM-OLSEN VALTER JANSSON PETER SKAUTRUP t REDAKTIONSSEKRETERARE BENGT PAMP NITTIOSJUNDE BANDET SJUNDE FÖLJDEN, FJÄRDE BANDET MCMLXXXII CWK GLEERUP CWK Gleerup är produktlinjenamnet för vetenskapliga skrifter utgivna av LiberLäromedel, Lund Tryckt med bidrag från Statens humanistiske forskningsråd, Danmark Statens humanistiska kommission, Finland Norges almenvitenskapelige forskningsråd. Norge Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga forskningsrådet, Sverige Axel Kocks fond för nordisk filologi, Sverige ISSN 0066-7668 ISBN 91-40-04809-8 32 Berlings, Arlöv 1982, 9052 Innehåll Amory, Frederic, assistant professor, Berkeley, Cal.: Towards a Grammatical Classification of Kennings as Compounds ............... 67-80 Benson, Sven, professor, Göteborg: ANF 100 år ............................. 199-204 Benson, Sven, professor, Göteborg,Ejder, Bertil, professor, Lund, och Pamp, Bengt, arkivchef, Lund: Litteraturkrönika 1981 ......... 205-233 Ejder, Bertil, se Benson, Sven Hallberg, Peter, professor, Göteborg: Some Aspects of the Forn- aldarsögur as a Corpus ............................................................................ 1-35 Haskå, Inger, docent, Lund: Några synpunkter på Carin Sandqvists avhandling ”Studier över meningsbyggnaden i färöiskt skrift språk” ........................................................................................................ -
9. Freyr's Solar Power and the Purifying Sword
The Waning Sword E Conversion Imagery and Celestial Myth in Beowulf DWARD The Waning Sword Conversion Imagery and EDWARD PETTIT P The image of a giant sword mel� ng stands at the structural and thema� c heart of the Old ETTIT Celestial Myth in Beowulf English heroic poem Beowulf. This me� culously researched book inves� gates the nature and signifi cance of this golden-hilted weapon and its likely rela� ves within Beowulf and beyond, drawing on the fi elds of Old English and Old Norse language and literature, liturgy, archaeology, astronomy, folklore and compara� ve mythology. In Part I, Pe� t explores the complex of connota� ons surrounding this image (from icicles to candles and crosses) by examining a range of medieval sources, and argues that the giant sword may func� on as a visual mo� f in which pre-Chris� an Germanic concepts and prominent Chris� an symbols coalesce. In Part II, Pe� t inves� gates the broader Germanic background to this image, especially in rela� on to the god Ing/Yngvi-Freyr, and explores the capacity of myths to recur and endure across � me. Drawing on an eclec� c range of narra� ve and linguis� c evidence from Northern European texts, and on archaeological discoveries, Pe� t suggests that the T image of the giant sword, and the characters and events associated with it, may refl ect HE an elemental struggle between the sun and the moon, ar� culated through an underlying W myth about the the� and repossession of sunlight. ANING The Waning Sword: Conversion Imagery and Celesti al Myth in Beowulf is a welcome contribu� on to the overlapping fi elds of Beowulf-scholarship, Old Norse-Icelandic literature and Germanic philology. -
SOME NOTES on CHRISTIAN DIOSCURISM. the Dioscuri in the Christian Legends : the Cult of the Heavenly Twins
374 SOME NOTES ON CHRISTIAN DIOSCURISM. The Dioscuri in the Christian Legends : The Cult of the Heavenly Twins. By J. Rendel Harris, D.Litt. Cam bridge University Press. THE subject of the survival of heathen custom and myth in Christianity is intensely interesting, and forces itself upon the observer at every turn. To expound it com pletely would demand a cross between Scaliger and Methu selah; but Dr. Harris's published labours in one corner of this vast field, while a sign of the immensity of the task, are a proof of his learning, diligence, and acumen, as well as an inspiration and example to others who shall follow in his steps. He has taken as his province the annexation of Dioscurism by the Church ; and, though we are led to hope for much more on this point from his pen, the two works named above are full of suggestion, and crowded with fact and ingenious conjecture. It is not our part to criticize Dr. Harris, but to learn from him with the humility that is optimistically ascribed to pupils. We have not indeed-nor would he desire it always agreed with him; but we shall not linger here on our disagreements or on the grounds of them. It is our object, in a series of tentative and disconnected notes, to add our tiny quota to Dr. Harris's collection. Some of our additions will be from Norse and Old English sources; and, if we are correct in them, this may well be an advan tage ; for Germanic legend differs so widely in tone from Hellenic or Italic, that any material harmony seems to point to a primary unity, and will justify Dr. -
Die EDDA - Die EDDA
Die EDDA - Die EDDA - Vorwort zu dieser Ausgabe von Igor Warneck Die hier vorliegende Edda, basiert auf der Übersetzung von Karl Simrock, geb. in Bonn 28.8.1802, gest. ebenda am 18.7. 1876. Die Edda, die "Großmutter" der germanischen Mythen sollte jedem Menschen frei zugänglich sein. Aus dieser Intention heraus habe ich mir die Mühe gemacht sie hier ins WWW zu stellen. Mit einem EDDA-Stichwortlexikon am Ende. Internet: http://www.alien.de/gufora Überarbeitete Version (Layout) von Chris Dimperl, GUFORA! © 2000 ! - 1 von 1 - Inhaltsverzeichnis: . Die ältere Edda Wöluspa Der Seherin Ausspruch Grimnismal Das Lied von Grimnir Vafthrudnismal Das Lied von Wafthrudnir Hrafnagaldr Odins Odins Rabenzauber Vegtamskvida Das Wegtamslied Havamal Des Hohen Lied Harbardsliod Das Harbardslied Hymiskvida Die Sage von Hymir Ägisdrecka Ägirs Trinkgelag Thrymskvida oder Hamarsheimt Thryms-Sage oder des Hammers Heimholung Alvissmal Das Lied von Alwis Skirnisför Skirnirs Fahrt Grogaldr Groas Erweckung Fiölsvinsmal Das Lied von Fiölswinn Rigsmal Das Lied von Rig Hyndluliod Das Hyndlalied Völundarkvida Das Lied von Wölund Helgakvida Hjörvardssonar Das Lied von Helgi dem Sohne Hiörwards Helgakvida Hundingsbana in fyrri Das erste Lied von Helgi dem Hundingstöter - 2 von 2 - Helgakvida Hundingsbana önnur Das andere Lied von Helgi dem Hundingstöter Sinfiötlalok Sinfiötlis Ende Sigurdharkvida Fafnisbana fyrsta edha Grîpisspâ Das erste Lied von Sigurd dem Fafnirstöter Sigurdharkvida Fafnisbana önnur Das andere Lied von Sigurd dem Fafnirstöter Fafnismal Das Lied von -
Thesis Cover Page
Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Medieval Icelandic Studies Nema ein Guðrún er hon æva grét Emotion, gender and revenge in heroic poetry Ritgerð til MA-prófs í Medieval Icelandic Studies Elizabeth Skuthorpe Kt.: 141075-4469 Leiðbeinandi: Ármann Jakobsson Desember 2015 Acknowledgements The completion of this thesis would have been impossible without support from various quarters. But at the risk of becoming overly emotional or sentimental (and hopefully not vengeful) the following people have my sincere thanks: my family, especially my parents and David Hollingworth; the professors and instructors of the VMN and MIS programs at Háskoli Íslands, who’s teaching and support confirmed that my decision to travel to the other side of the world was a good one; Katie Thorn for her eagle-eyed proofreading; and my supervisor, Ármann Jakobsson, for his advice and assistance throughout this project. Abstract Revenge is a central theme of the heroic poetry of the Poetic Edda as are the attendant emotions such as shame and honour. Similarly the role of men and women in feud and vengeance is one of the prime concerns of this corpus of literature. Despite this centrality the heroic poems also bear a reputation for grim stoicism and a supposedly barren emotional landscape. Recent scholarship into the history of the emotions and the affective turn has begun to focus on the expression of emotion in medieval literature. This thesis surveys the language of emotion, the physical expressions of sentiment and emotional interactions in the final four poems of the Vǫlsunga and Niflunga narratives of the Poetic Edda; Atlakviða, Atlamál, Guðrúnarhvǫt and Hamðismál. -
Prose Edda Part 2: Pp. 35- 70 XVIII. Then Said Gangleri
Prose Edda Part 2: pp. 35- 70 XVIII. Then said Gangleri: "Whence comes the wind? It is strong, so that it stirs great seas, and it swells fire; but, strong as it is, none may see it, for it is wonderfully shapen." Then said Hárr: "That I am well able to tell thee. At the northward end of heaven sits the giant called Hræsvelgr: he has the plumes of an eagle, and when he stretches his wings for flight, then the wind rises from under his wings, as is here said: Hræsvelgr hight he | who sits at heaven's ending, Giant in eagle's coat; From his wings, they say, | the wind cometh All men-folk over." XIX. Then said Gangleri: "Why is there so much difference, that summer should be hot, but winter cold?" Hárr answered: "A wise man would not ask thus, seeing that all are able to tell this; but if thou alone art become-so slight of understanding as not to have heard it, then I will yet permit that thou shouldst rather ask foolishly once, than that thou shouldst be kept longer in ignorance of a thing which it is proper to know. He is called Svásudr[Delightful.] who is father of Summer; and he is of pleasant nature, so that from his name whatsoever is pleasant is {p. 33} But the father of Winter is variously called Vindljóni[Wind-bringer] or Vindsvalr;[ Wind-chill] he is the son of Vásadr;[3] and these were kinsmen grim and chilly-breasted, and Winter has their temper." XX. -
The Waning Sword E Conversion Imagery and Celestial Myth in Beowulf DWARD the Waning Sword Conversion Imagery and EDWARD PETTIT P
The Waning Sword E Conversion Imagery and Celestial Myth in Beowulf DWARD The Waning Sword Conversion Imagery and EDWARD PETTIT P The image of a giant sword mel� ng stands at the structural and thema� c heart of the Old ETTIT Celestial Myth in Beowulf English heroic poem Beowulf. This me� culously researched book inves� gates the nature and signifi cance of this golden-hilted weapon and its likely rela� ves within Beowulf and beyond, drawing on the fi elds of Old English and Old Norse language and literature, liturgy, archaeology, astronomy, folklore and compara� ve mythology. In Part I, Pe� t explores the complex of connota� ons surrounding this image (from icicles to candles and crosses) by examining a range of medieval sources, and argues that the giant sword may func� on as a visual mo� f in which pre-Chris� an Germanic concepts and prominent Chris� an symbols coalesce. In Part II, Pe� t inves� gates the broader Germanic background to this image, especially in rela� on to the god Ing/Yngvi-Freyr, and explores the capacity of myths to recur and endure across � me. Drawing on an eclec� c range of narra� ve and linguis� c evidence from Northern European texts, and on archaeological discoveries, Pe� t suggests that the T image of the giant sword, and the characters and events associated with it, may refl ect HE an elemental struggle between the sun and the moon, ar� culated through an underlying W myth about the the� and repossession of sunlight. ANING The Waning Sword: Conversion Imagery and Celesti al Myth in Beowulf is a welcome contribu� on to the overlapping fi elds of Beowulf-scholarship, Old Norse-Icelandic literature and Germanic philology. -
The Prose Edda
The Prose Edda of Snorri Sturlson Translated by Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur [1916] The Prose Edda is a text on Old Norse Poetics, written about 1200 by the Norwegian poet and politican Snorri Sturlson, who also wrote the Heimskringla. The Prose Edda contains a wide variety of lore which a Skald (poet) of the time would need to know. The text is of interest to modern readers because it contains consistent narratives of many of the plot lines of Norse mythology. Although Snorri was a Christian, he treated the ancient Pagan mythology with great respect. To this end, Snorri created a quasi-historical backstory for the Norse Gods. Hence the Prose Edda is of interest because it contains one of the first attempts to devise a rational explanation for mythological and legendary events. It is also notable because it contains fragments of a number of manusripts which Snorri had access to, but which are now lost. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ix PROLOGUE 1 GYLFAGINNING 11 SKÁLDSKAPARMAL 87 INDEX 243 {p. ix} INTRODUCTION THE life of Snorri Sturluson fell in a great but contradictory age, when all that was noble and spiritual in men seemed to promise social regeneration, and when bloody crimes and sordid ambitions gave this hope the lie. Not less than the rest of Europe, Scandinavia shared in the bitter conflict between the law of the spirit and the law of the members. The North, like England and the Continent, felt the religious fervor of the Crusades, passed from potential anarchy into union and national consciousness, experienced a literary and spiritual revival, and suffered the fury of persecution and of fratricidal war.