Recht Und Gerechtigkeit Im Kriminalroman

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Recht Und Gerechtigkeit Im Kriminalroman Freie Universität Berlin Fachbereich Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften Neuere deutsche Literatur Hauptprüfer: Prof. Dr. Hans Richard Brittnacher Magisterarbeit Fuselspannung und harte Wirklichkeit - Recht und Gerechtigkeit im Kriminalroman Eingereicht von: Thomas Pöttgen Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung.........................................................................................................................................3 2. Sukzessive Entwirklichung des Verbrechens ..................................................................................8 2.1. Vorläufer Poes ..........................................................................................................................8 2.2. Das Genie und der Affe.............................................................................................................9 2.3. Holmes, Watson, Fantômas.....................................................................................................12 3. Heitere Morde in der heilen Welt des „Golden Age“.....................................................................14 3.1. Klassik des Krimis oder zwischenzeitlicher Phänotyp?.........................................................14 3.2. Die Königin und ihr Gesetz....................................................................................................16 3.3. Rätsel vs. Stil und Literarizität..............................................................................................19 3.4. Der Fair play-Dekalog des Detection Club und sein Echo in der Schweiz............................23 3.5. Mehr Realismus statt reiner Glaubwürdigkeit........................................................................25 3.6. Paranoia in der Idylle..............................................................................................................27 4. Programmatischer Regelverstoß – Glauser und Chandler..............................................................30 4.1. Der aktuelle Begriff von ernsthafter Literatur........................................................................31 4.2. Hohle Figuren in der zweckmäßigen Krimiwelt.....................................................................33 4.3. Realismus des Traumes...........................................................................................................35 Exkurs – Mord als Alibi................................................................................................................36 4.4. Moral, Mord und Humor........................................................................................................38 4.5. Menschlichkeit als „moralischer Realismus“ und paradoxes Programm...............................39 5. Detektivfiguren – Figurant der Ratio und hard boiled private eye.................................................43 5.1. Serielle Wiederkehr und ästhetisches Vergnügen...................................................................43 5.2. Superhirn und harter Bursche.................................................................................................45 5.3 Der Detektiv und die Ratio......................................................................................................45 5.4. Außenseiter, Fremde, Exzentriker, Aristokraten, Genies........................................................48 5.5. Äußerliche Moral....................................................................................................................49 5.6. Verinnerlichte Moral: Hard-boiled detective – das Superhirn bekommt einen Körper..........50 5.7. Polizisten und Detektive – Beamte des Rechts oder moralische Individuen?.......................56 5.8. Private Motivation statt offiziellem Auftrag...........................................................................58 6. „Vermenschlichen!“ - die Kriminalromane Friedrich Glausers.....................................................60 6.1. Kriminalromane gegen einfache Lösungen............................................................................60 6.2. Glausers bewegtes Leben........................................................................................................61 6.3. Sympathisch auf den ersten Blick – die Konzeption der Figur Studer...................................62 6.4. Der Biedermann auf den zweiten Blick – Misogynie ............................................................66 6.5. Darstellung von Juden in Glausers Werk................................................................................69 6.6. Gewaltsame Enden, Selbstjustiz und Studers Idee von Gerechtigkeit...................................73 6.7. Wiederherstellung des schönen Scheins.................................................................................75 6.8. Das Grässliche im Kleinbürgerlichen – Studer als „unsichere“ Perspektivfigur?..................78 6.9. Verstehen und Verständnis – Studers „Hermeneutik“.............................................................80 6.10. Schicksal und Willensfreiheit...............................................................................................84 6.11. Studer als Bote des Schicksals oder der Genrezwänge.........................................................86 6.12. Matto regiert - Die Angst des Detektivs vor Gespenstern....................................................88 6.13. Psychiatriekritik ohne kritische Äußerung...........................................................................91 6.14. Detektiv versus Psychiater....................................................................................................91 7.Selbs Justiz - Der Detektiv unter Verdacht......................................................................................94 7.1. Der Nazi, den man gerne kennengelernt hätte?......................................................................94 7.2. Die Selb-Romane als hard-boiled detective novels?..............................................................96 7.3. Selb – ein tough guy?..............................................................................................................99 7.4. Bildungsbürger, Lebemann, Gegenwartsbezug....................................................................100 1 7.5. Femme fatale – Konfrontation mit dem Holocaust-Opfer....................................................104 7.6. „Natürlich“ - Selbs fragwürdiges Bekenntnis.......................................................................107 7.7. Fernsehabend im Vollrausch – Vorausdeutung auf das Ende in der schlimmsten Krise......108 7.8. „Auf ein gutes neues Jahr“ - ironischer Epilog.....................................................................112 8. Fazit..............................................................................................................................................116 9. Literaturverzeichnis......................................................................................................................118 2 1. Einleitung Das Genre des Kriminalromans scheint notwendigerweise die Themen Recht und Gerechtigkeit zu behandeln, geht es doch darum, einen Rechtsbrecher aufzuspüren und unschädlich zu machen, um der Gerechtigkeit genüge zu tun. Wenn zur Jagd auf den Verbrecher geblasen wird, der gegen die juristisch sanktionierten Konventionen der Gesellschaft verstößt und so die öffentliche Ordnung stört sowie die allgemeine Sicherheit gefährdet, dann ist die allgemeine Ordnung mit dem Schützenswerten und Wiederherzustellenden identifiziert und der Vollzug des Rechts durch den ermittelnden Ordnungshüter mit dem Dienst an der Gerechtigkeit gleichgesetzt. Die Kategorien, die den Rahmen dieser Jagd bilden, sind vorausgesetzt, ohne näher erläutert werden zu müssen, und erscheinen dementsprechend unproblematisch. Bevor nun Einwände gegen diese stark verkürzte Darstellung eines idealtypischen Kriminalromans formuliert werden, soll die vermeintlich so klare Grundstruktur dieser Literaturgattung noch etwas weiter extrapoliert werden: Die heldenhafte Figur des Ermittlers vertritt die Sphäre des Rechts und der Gerechtigkeit, die – wie selbstverständlich – miteinander übereinstimmen. Er repräsentiert das öffentliche Interesse und das Wohl der Allgemeinheit. In Opposition zu ihm steht der Verbrecher, der aus niederen, egoistischen Motiven sein Wohl über das der Gesellschaft stellt und die Grenzen des ihm zugewiesenen Bereichs überschreitet, sich also auf Abwegen aus dem Bereich des Rechts heraus begibt. Um ihn aufzuhalten, muss seine Identität ermittelt werden, der Detektiv oder Polizist folgt schrittweise einem Programm der Aufklärung und Wahrheitsfindung, er ist zum Wohle der Gerechtigkeit auch noch dem hohen Gut der Wahrheit verpflichtet. Er muss die Wahrheit etablieren, in Form einer Beweiskette, die er zusammenträgt, und an deren Ende der Verbrecher zum Vorschein kommt. Seine Identifizierung beantwortet alle Fragen. Und mit der Entfernung dieses Ungerechten aus der Mitte der Gerechten wird sodann das Problem gelöst und der Fall abgeschlossen. Anhand dieser Überzeichnung wird deutlich, dass eine solche Trennschärfe zwischen gut und böse, gerecht und ungerecht, wahr und falsch kaum jemals in einem Kriminalroman erzielt worden ist. Dies wurde aber auch nur selten angestrebt. Otthein Rammstedt hält fest: „Ist bei älteren Krimis das Recht gleichsam nur die Konsequenz der Moral, so findet sich die selbstverständliche Übereinstimmung schon 3 gelöst bei Dashiell Hammett wie Raymond Chandler, bei George Simenon wie Friedrich Glauser.“1 Bei den genannten
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