Alles So Schön Schwul* Hier

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Alles So Schön Schwul* Hier STUDIEN ZUR MATERIELLEN KULTUR Oliver Klaassen ALLES SO SCHÖN SCHWUL* HIER...?! – Überlegungen zu repräsentations- kritischen Potentialen, Bedingungen und Perspektiven für die inhalt- liche Neuausrichtung des Schwulen Museums* in Berlin BAND Carl von Ossietzky [18] Universität Oldenburg Studien zur Materiellen Kultur preprints Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Materielle Kultur erscheinen in folgenden Reihen: Studien zur Materiellen Kultur preprints (nur online) stellen die Ergebnisse von Lehrprojekten oder sehr gute Abschlussarbeiten zur Diskussi- on. Die Redaktion erfolgt in enger Zusammenarbeit mit den BetreuerInnen der jeweiligen Arbeiten. Studien zur Materiellen Kultur untersuchen Dinge des Alltags, ihre Beschaffenheit, Herstellungsweise, Nutzung, Verbreitung, Präsentation (z.B. im Museum) und Bedeutung als Vergegenständlichungen gesellschaftlicher Prozesse und Lebensformen und Machtverhältnisse. Sie verbinden Sachkulturforschung und Modetheorie mit Ansätzen der Cultural Studies und der Kulturanalyse. In dieser Reihe werden ausge- wählte, durch einen Beirat begutachtete Beiträge der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht. Vorgesehen sind Tagungsbände und Ergebnisse aus Forschungsprojekten im Wechsel mit Arbeiten von NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen, ergänzt durch Einzelstudien etablierter KollegInnen und Gastbeiträge. Studien zur Materiellen Kultur KATALOGE präsentieren Ausstellungsprojekte, die von studentischen Teams erarbeitet sein können. Herausgeberin Karen Ellwanger für das Institut für Materielle Kultur Oliver Klaassen Alles so schön schwul* hier ...?! – Überlegungen zu repräsentationskritischen Potenzialen, Bedingungen und Perspektiven für die inhaltliche Neuausrichtung des Schwulen Museums* in Berlin Impressum Studien zur Materiellen Kultur preprints Herausgeberin: Karen Ellwanger für das Institut für Materielle Kultur Redaktion: Stefanie Mallon Layout: Jessica Reichelt www.materiellekultur.uni-oldenburg.de Copyright bei Oliver Klaassen & dem Institut für Materielle Kultur „Alles so schön schwul* hier ...?! – Überlegungen zu repräsentationskritischen Potenzialen, Bedingungen und Perspektiven für die inhaltliche Neuausrichtung des Schwulen Museums* in Berlin “ Oldenburg, 2015 Verlag: Institut für Materielle Kultur Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.studien-zur-materiellen-kultur.de ISBN 978-3-943652-17-8 Inhalt Seite 1. Einführung: Gefahr vereinheitlichender Spiegelungen 3.3.1 Verunsicherndes Queering – – Distanzhaltung gegenüber dem bisher Repräsentierten 4 Repräsentationspolitiken als Intervention 44 1.1 Fragestellung und Ziele 7 3.3.1.1 Vielfältige Identitäten und Lebensweisen 45 1.2 Eigene theoretische Position 8 3.3.1.2 Erstarktes queeres Selbstbewusstsein 47 1.3 Methodisches Vorgehen 12 3.3.1.3 Zeigen des Körpers ohne Körper 54 1.3.1 Expert_Inneninterviews 13 3.3.1.4 Im Dialog – Die Projektpartner_Innen-schaften 60 1.3.2 Repräsentationskritik 14 3.4 What’s Missing? – Potenziale, Bedingungen und 1.4 Aufb au der Arbeit 15 Grenzen queer-feministischer Repräsentationskritik 69 1.5 Forschungsstand 16 4. Ausblick: Das Schwule Museum* als diskursiver 2. Gewandelter Anspruch: Die inhaltliche Neuausrichtung Verhandlungsort‽ – Chancen diff erenzierender des Schwulen Museums* 18 Repräsentationen von LSBT*I/Q 74 2.1 Entstehung, Bedeutung und Etablierung 21 Literatur 81 2.1.1 Dominierende Repräsentationen in den Transkripte 90 Ausstellungen 1984-2012 26 Internet 90 2.2 Queerness des Begriff es schwul – Diskussionen um Bildnachweis 91 die Umbenennung 30 2.3 Versprechen einlösen – Auswirkungen auf Ausstellungsprojekte 34 3. Fallbeispielanalyse: Die repräsentationskritische Sonderausstellung „Trans*_Homo – von lesbischen Trans*schwulen und anderen Normalitäten“ (16.08.-19.11.2012) 36 3.1 Hintergründe, Konzeption & Ziele 36 3.2 Ausstellung als Queering Space 41 3.3 Künstlerische Arbeiten 43 3 4 1. Einführung: Gefahr vereinheitlichender Spiegelungen »Hin zum Museum als gesellschaftlich off enen, demokratischen Lernort« – – Distanzhaltung gegenüber dem bisher Repräsentierten Erstaunlich ist jedoch, dass trotz einer raschen Etablierung der Geschlechter- sowie Sexualitätsforschung im Wissenschaftsbetrieb nachweislich kaum eine Zeitgleich mit der Wahrnehmung des Museumsbooms der 1980er-Jahre und Verankerung in der Museums- und Ausstellungspraxis stattgefunden hat (vgl. der Tendenz voranschreitender Musealisierung wurde die Institution Museum Muttenthaler & Wonisch 2010, S. 14): zum beliebten Gegenstand kulturwissenschaftlicher Refl exionen und kultur- politischer Kontroversen (vgl. Thamer 2012, S. 33). Der kritisch-refl exive Blick “Until recently, museums and galleries have off ered little to those who auf Bereiche in der Kultur, „in denen visuelle Repräsentationen produziert, wish to explore the history of sex and sexuality, including same-sex re- rezipiert und kategorisiert werden“ (Zimmermann 2005, S. 20) – und somit lationships. In particular, people belonging to LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bi- Fragen rund um das „»Wie und Wo« des Zu-sehen-Gebens“1 (Schade & Wenk sexual, transgender, queer) communities have found that their own 2011, S. 143) – stoßen gerade hier auf ein enormes Untersuchungspotenzi- lifestyles and experiences have not been refl ected in the interpretative al.2 Nicht nur Roswitha Muttenthaler (2007, S. 1) beschreibt das Museum als frameworks of temporary exhibitions on permanent displays” (Frost „zentrale Instanz zur Verhandlung von Repräsentation“, sondern insgesamt 2012, S. 138). existiert ein breiter Diskurs zum Museum als Ort „kultur- und identitätspoliti- sche[r] Repräsentationsbedürfnisse“ (Thamer 2012, S. 36).3 Die vielfache Widerspiegelung von Partikularinteressen in Museen und Aus- stellungen scheint im Gegensatz zu dem demokratisch-gestellten Anspruch 1 Nach Sigrid Schade und Silke Wenk (2011, S. 175) „gibt [es] nichts Zu-sehen-Gege- an Museen „als der gesamten Gesellschaft verpfl ichtete Orte des kulturellen benes außerhalb der institutionellen Rahmungen. Aber sie sind nicht bloß äußerli- Erbes“ (Muttenthaler & Wonisch 2010, S. 10) zu stehen (vgl. Thamer 2012, S. che Regulierungen, sondern sind als innere zu befragen und zu thematisieren – eben auch in ihrer Relationalität und Verfl echtung mit Machtverhältnissen.“ 37; Hauser, Muttenthaler, Schober & Wonisch 1997, S. 245). Als „Repräsenta- 2 Auch Anna Conlan (2010, S. 257) resümiert: „Museums embrace, enable, and legiti- tionsorte von gesellschaftlichen Eliten“ (Muttenthaler 2007, S. 5) stellen Mu- mize specifi c knowledges while simultaneously excluding and rendering illegitimate vast areas of human experience. The parameters of possibility are mapped along lines of class, race, gender, and sexuality. Omission from the museum does not sim- Diskurs über das Museum als Ort der Repräsentation legt nahe, dass hier Identitäts- ply mean marginalization; it formally classifi es certain lives, histories, and practic- stiftung, die Herstellung von Gedächtnisbeziehungen, die Versicherung von sozialen es as signifi cant, renders them invisible, marks them as unintelligible, and, thereby, und kulturellen Praktiken durch Gesellschaften sowie Fragen nach Defi nitions- und casts them into the realm of the unreal.“ Handlungsmacht miteinander konkurrieren. Zum Verständnis vom Repräsentations- 3 Auch Schade und Wenk (2011, S. 144) defi nieren Museen als „Institutionen, die etwas system als ein Machtsystem sowie zur Systematisierung der semiologischen Veran- zeigen und die in besonderer Weise zum Sehen auff ordern“. Desweiteren sei ein kur- kerung der Diskussion um Repräsentation siehe Stuart Hall 1997. zer Überblick über die kritische Refl exion des Museums bzw. über die „unterschied- Muttenthaler (2002, S. 2) sieht in dem Diskurs um das Museum mit seinen unter- lichen Vorstellungen von der Rolle des Museums für die Repräsentation von Identi- schiedlichen Bezeichnungen und in der Tatsache, dass der Museumsbegriff nie völlig tät“ (Macdonald 2000, S. 139) angeführt: Vom Museum als Ort „contested identities“ festzuschreiben war, ein enormes Potenzial für die Refl exion sowie Neupositionie- (Anderson 1991-92, S. 6), als „Laboratorium konkurrierender Sinnstiftungsentwürfe“ rung von Museen: „Doch birgt gerade das bewusste Off enhalten Chancen, denn jede (Fliedl 1997, S. 103), als „Medium der Repräsentation und Kommunikation“ (ebd., S. Tendenz zur Fixierung schließt auch von gesellschaftlichen und erkenntnistheoreti- 38) und den Forderungen nach einer „Schule des Befremdens“ (Sloterdijk 1989) – der schen Entwicklungen ab.“ seen damit als „hybride Institutionen“ (Off e 2000, S. 43) für marginalisierte speziell die poltische Forderung nach ‚mehr Sichtbarkeit‘10, nach einer ‚an- Gruppen seit den 1970/80er-Jahren „Kristallisationspunkte […] in der Ausei- gemessenen‘ und eigenbestimmten Repräsentation – 11 d. h. nach (Verfü- nandersetzung um kulturelles und soziales Kapital“4 (Muttenthaler 2007, S. gungs-)Macht über Bildproduktionen und Symbolbildung –, einher, die in der 5) dar – mit einer einhergehenden Stärkung des Museums als „Ort sozialer bis heute anhaltenden Grundkonfl ikt-Entscheidung zwischen Autonomie12 Repräsentation und Distinktion“ (vgl. Thamer 2012, S. 36).5 Aus seiner langen und Integration13 ihre Realisierung erfährt (vgl. ebd., S. 17). Konstitutiv für Geschichte als zentrale Rolle bei der Artikulation von Identität 6 rechtfertigt diese geforderte Fokussierung vielfältiger Formen von Identitätskonstruk- sich schließlich die Funktion des Museums als „wichtiger Ort für die Überprü- tionen in der Museumszene war
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