Powerline and Coax Adapters
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Laboratory #1: Transmission Line Characteristics
EEE 171 Lab #1 1 Laboratory #1: Transmission Line Characteristics I. OBJECTIVES Coaxial and twisted pair cables are analyzed. The results of the analyses are experimentally verified using a network analyzer. S11 and S21 are found in addition to the characteristic impedance of the transmission lines. II. INTRODUCTION Two commonly encountered transmission lines are the coaxial and twisted pair cables. Coaxial cables are found in broadcast, cable TV, instrumentation, high-speed computer network, and radar applications, among others. Twisted pair cables are commonly found in telephone, computer interconnect, and other low speed (<10 MHz) applications. There is some discussion on using twisted pair cable for higher bit rate computer networking applications (>10 MHz). The characteristic impedance of a coaxial cable is, L 1 m æ b ö Zo = = lnç ÷, (1) C 2p e è a ø so that e r æ b ö æ b ö Zo = 60ln ç ÷ =138logç ÷. (2) mr è a ø è a ø The dimensions a and b of the coaxial cable are shown in Figure 1. L is the line inductance of a coaxial cable is, m æ b ö L = ln ç ÷ [H/m] . (3) 2p è a ø The capacitor per unit length of a coaxial cable is, 2pe C = [F/m] . (4) b ln ( a) EEE 171 Lab #1 2 e r 2a 2b Figure 1. Coaxial Cable Dimensions The two commonly used coaxial cables are the RG-58/U and RG-59 cables. RG-59/U cables are used in cable TV applications. RG-59/U cables are commonly used as general purpose coaxial cables. -
Smart Grid Communications Protocols
Communications Overview Communications Overview the number of modems and concen- Each segment is interconnected trators needed to cover the entire through a node or gateway: a An electricity grid without adequate system can dramatically reduce infra- concentrator between the WAN and communications is simply a power structure costs. At the same time, NAN and an e-meter between the “broadcaster.” It is through the the selected technology must have NAN and HAN. Each of these nodes addition of two-way communications enough bandwidth to handle all data communicates through the network that the power grid is made “smart.” traffic being sent in both directions with adjacent nodes. The concentrator Communications enables utilities to over the grid network. aggregates the data from the achieve three key objectives: intel- meters and sends that information ligent monitoring, security, and load Communications networks to the grid operator. The e-meter balancing. Using two-way communi- and protocols collects the power-usage data of the cations, data can be collected from home or business by communicating Communications in the smart grid sensors and meters located through- with the home network gateway or can be broken into three segments. out the grid and transmitted directly functioning as the gateway itself. to the grid operator’s control room. Wide area network (WAN) covers Each segment can utilize different This added communications capabil- long-haul distances from the communications technologies and ity provides enough bandwidth for command center to local neighbor- protocols depending on the trans- the control room operator to actively hoods downstream. mission environments and amount manage the grid. -
Wi-Fi Hotspot 500 Kit Extend Your Wi-Fi Anywhere in Your Home
Wi-Fi Hotspot 500 Kit Extend your Wi-Fi anywhere in your home The Wi-Fi Home Hotspot 500 Kit offers high performance Homeplug powerline adaptor and a Wi-Fi Home Hotspot designed to increase the range of your broadband in the home. Wi-Fi doesn't reach? Use your home's power sockets to create a secure Wi-Fi Hotspot. Need high-speed internet all over your home? Ideal for streaming HD / 3D TV or online gaming via an ethernet cable. Want great performance and reliability? Extend your broadband to any wired or wireless device in the house. Main Features • Uses your home’s electrical wiring to extend your broadband network anywhere in the house • Simple push-button Wi-Fi connection set-up with hotspot • Works with all broadband providers • Two Ethernet ports for multiple wired devices • Link with other HomePlug AV powerline adaptors • N300 wireless technology • AV500 powerline technology • Compatible with AV200 technology devices • Up to 500 Mbps for smooth multiple HD / 3D streaming • Secure wireless network – no configuration necessary • Pass-through socket • Works out of the box Product Data Sheet – Wi-Fi Home Hotspot 500 Kit Issue: Version 1.1 Specification subject to change without prior notice Product Specification System requirements Lights • Works with any operating system • Hotspot: Wireless (Red & Green), Power, Other features Data, Ethernet 1-2 (Green) • Extender Flex: Power, Ethernet (Green) • Guest Hotspot with its own key Data (Tri-colour) • Web configuration interface • Easy pull-out wireless settings card Buttons Security • Hotspot: -
Low-Cost Manufacturing, Usability, and Security: an Analysis of Bluetooth Simple Pairing and Wi-Fi Protected Setup
Low-cost Manufacturing, Usability, and Security: An Analysis of Bluetooth Simple Pairing and Wi-Fi Protected Setup Cynthia Kuo Jesse Walker Adrian Perrig Carnegie Mellon University Intel Corporation Carnegie Mellon University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract. Bluetooth Simple Pairing and Wi-Fi Protected Setup spec- ify mechanisms for exchanging authentication credentials in wireless net- works. Both Simple Pairing and Protected Setup support multiple setup mechanisms, which increases security risks and hurts the user experience. To improve the security and usability of these specifications, we suggest defining a common baseline for hardware features and a consistent, in- teroperable user experience across devices. 1 Introduction Bluetooth- and Wi-Fi-enabled devices are increasingly common. Already, manu- facturers ship around 10 million Bluetooth units and 4 million Wi-Fi units each week [1, 2]. Inevitably, consumers will perform security-sensitive transactions – including financial transactions – over Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Thus, institutions should demand a basic level of assurance: that these technologies do not expose their systems or their customers’ accounts to additional risks. This implies that (1) the security mechanisms in Bluetooth and Wi-Fi should be at least as strong as the rest of the system; and (2) the mechanisms should be easy to use so that consumers can configure and use them correctly. We evaluate the security and usability of setup in the Bluetooth SIG’s Simple Pairing specification (August 2006) [3] and the Wi-Fi Alliance’s Protected Setup specification (released December 2006) [4]. These specifications were developed with two goals in mind: first, to make the technologies easy for non-expert users; and second, to address vulnerabilities in earlier versions of the technology. -
Product Doc Guide
Engineered Interconnect Products Catalog and Custo:;; Desig:ls s:!:ce 1970 Super Flexible • Lov/ :"'oss• ?::ase Stable Ground-based • Shipboard • A;r • S90ce • Defense Wireless Communications • H:gh ?o'v'!er: • -:-es~ & Measurement FLEXible COaxial Cab."e ~_sse:::bjjes to 40 GHz Product Do~c Guide Flexeo Microwave, Inc. PO Box 115· 17 Karrville Road Port Murray, NJ 07865 Toll Free 800 84 FLEXC Telephone 908-835-1720 Fax 908-835-0002 www.FlexcoMW.com flexeD Microwave, Inc. PO Box 115 ° 17 Karrville Road Port Murray, NJ 07865 Telephone 908 850°5800 Fax 908 85005250 ~~~ Engineered Interconnect Products THE CTC EXPERIENCE Introducing a new member to our Test line, it will fulfill all your needs for a flexible, shielded, phase stable, durable Test Cable. The CTS is a version of the NTC with heavy armor. The electrical specs are the same but, what a difference. Superior torque and crush resistance, the design incorporates a stainless steel conduit covered with a stainless steel braid rendering it a virtually indestructible assembly. We actually drove a solid wheeled fork truck across it. This cable is ideal for Production testing or applications where there is excessive twisting and contorting imposed by the process or the operator. The trade off is the min. bend radius: NTC = 1.0 in. CTC = 1.5 in. If RFI/EMI is a concern, the effective shielding under dynamic conditions is in excess of -110 dBc. Flexco Microwave, Inc. PO Box 115, 17 Karrville Road Port Murray, NJ 07865 Telephone 800 84 FLEXC Fax 908-835-0002 E-mail [email protected] ~~~~1;~ Engineered Interconnect Products http://www.FlexcoMW.com Product Data Guide Table of Contents 4 NEW Super Low Loss Designs! Flexco'spatented outer conductor with an expanded PTFEdielectric FC105 to 26.5 8Hz 1A FCL02 to 188Hz 1B FC102 & FCL05 Call Factory VANA Cables for Precision test & measurement Rock Solid Phase & Amplitude. -
Power Line Communication (PLC)
Eng. Hussa Allhaib. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 6, (Part -4) June 2017, pp.21-23 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Power Line Communication (PLC) Eng. Hussa Allhaib ABSTRACT Wide range of PLC technologies are used in multiple applications, varying from simple internet access to complex home automation. This paper represents an overview of installing, evaluating and testing the PLC adapters in a small environment, which consist of three story house and basement using a DevalodLAN power line adapter. In addition, measuring the speed of the PLAs in different floors and in different distances away from the router. I. INTRODUCTION solution starts with minimum of two adapters. Power-line communication (PLC) is a Plugging in The first adapter plugs into a power method used to connect devices either to other outlet then connects it the router. Whereas the second devices or to the internet using existing electrical adapter is plugged in another power outlet near the wires in a building, in which the wires carry both AC internet enabled device you want connected or in a electric power transmission and data simultaneously. spot that the Wi-Fi signals cannot reach. The first It can be a means of expanding an existing network adapter takes the Ethernet protocol used by your into other new places without new wiring, simply by router and converts it into a Powerline protocol that utilizing every power socket as internet port using uses electrical signals to send data through the wiring PLC adapter in addition to the ability of transforming in the house to the second device. -
Build a Superior Customer Experience Around Small Cells
BUILD A SUPERIOR CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE AROUND SMALL CELLS REDUCE COSTS, BOOST CUSTOMER LOYALTY AND INCREASE ARPU WITH SOLUTIONS THAT STREAMLINE SMALL CELL OPERATIONS AND IMPROVE CUSTOMER CARE STRATEGIC WHITE PAPER Small cell technologies bring network operators new opportunities to address surging mobile data traffic, increasing indoor mobile device use and growing expectations relative to quality of experience (QoE). However, small cells also bring new levels of complexity to network deployment, operations and maintenance processes. To seize the small cell opportunity, operators need solutions that can take cost and complexity out of the network while delivering the superior QoE that enterprise and residential customers demand. On the operations side, this calls for solutions that can manage devices and services, handle diverse access technologies and work effectively in multivendor networks. On the customer side, it calls for solutions that can sustain a high QoE by supporting better and more proactive customer care. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction / 1 Using small cells to address mobile data growth / 1 Small cells bring new opportunities and challenges / 3 Building toward small cell standards / 5 Delivering a Superior Small Cell Experience / 6 Enhancing network performance / 6 Enhancing the customer experience / 7 Conclusion / 8 Abbreviations / 8 INTRODUCTION Mobile users are consuming more data than ever, but network operator revenues have failed to keep pace. The growing gap between mobile traffic and mobile revenue has operators searching for solutions that will allow them to plan and utilize their network deployments more efficiently. The current technology evolution path may not support prevailing traffic trends. Today, mobile data traffic growth stems mainly from residential and enterprise users who use their devices indoors. -
LP-C400 400 Series 50 Ohm Ultra Low Losses Coaxial Cable
Wireless - Coaxial LP-C400 400 Series 50 Ohm Ultra low losses LPC400_SS_ENB01I Characteristics Antenna Cable Runs to Base Stations, Access Points (AP), Bridges or CPE. Cabling between any WiFi or WiMax antenna and the associated equipment. Indoor or Outdoor Use. Direct Bury or Tower Use. Land Mobile Radio (LMR). Local Multi-Point Distribution LP-C400 400 Series 50 Ohm System (LMDS). Ultra low losses Coaxial Cable. Multi-Channel Multi-Point Distribution Service (MMDS). This is an ultra-low-loss 50 ohm coaxial cable ideal for RF deployment. This 400-Series cable offers equivalent or better characteristics and performance than other existing industry cables such as Commscope WBC-400*, Times Wireless Local Loop (WLL). Microwave LMR-400*, Andrew CNT-400*, etc. This cable size is the most demanded and widely used coaxial cable in the wireless industry. Personal Communication Systems (PCS). The LP-C400 is our superior Lower Loss-per-meter 400-Series coaxial cable GPS. offered. It is manufactured with a polyethylene (PE) jacket which is UV resistant, and is built to withstand harsh temperatures, grease, oil, chemicals, SCADA. salt water and abrasion, offering a 15 year plus lifespan. The LP-C400 with a tough PE jacket is especially suited for long life outdoor use. Ham Radio. If your application is direct burial, our LP-C400 is also the best choice with its polyethylene jacket (PE). Other jacket materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), TPE, etc. are not well suited for direct burial. While PE jackets do not offer the same flexibility as other materials, this is the only material that any experienced engineer will recommend for a direct burial application for long term survivability underground. -
Analysis and Study the Performance of Coaxial Cable Passed on Different Dielectrics
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 3 (2018) pp. 1664-1669 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com Analysis and Study the Performance of Coaxial Cable Passed On Different Dielectrics Baydaa Hadi Saoudi Nursing Department, Technical Institute of Samawa, Iraq. Email:[email protected] Abstract Coaxial cable virtually keeps all the electromagnetic wave to the area inside it. Due to the mechanical properties, the In this research will discuss the more effective parameter is coaxial cable can be bent or twisted, also it can be strapped to the type of dielectric mediums (Polyimide, Polyethylene, and conductive supports without inducing unwanted currents in Teflon). the cable. The speed(S) of electromagnetic waves propagating This analysis of the performance related to dielectric mediums through a dielectric medium is given by: with respect to: Dielectric losses and its effect upon cable properties, dielectrics versus characteristic impedance, and the attenuation in the coaxial line for different dielectrics. The C: the velocity of light in a vacuum analysis depends on a simple mathematical model for coaxial cables to test the influence of the insulators (Dielectrics) µr: Magnetic relative permeability of dielectric medium performance. The simulation of this work is done using εr: Dielectric relative permittivity. Matlab/Simulink and presents the results according to the construction of the coaxial cable with its physical properties, The most common dielectric material is polyethylene, it has the types of losses in both the cable and the dielectric, and the good electrical properties, and it is cheap and flexible. role of dielectric in the propagation of electromagnetic waves. -
Moving Homeplug to Industrial Applications with Power-Line Communication Network
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by DSpace@MIT Moving HomePlug to Industrial Applications with Power-Line Communication Network ZW. Zhao, and I-Ming Chen Singapore-MIT Alliance program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 thanks to ASIC-based signal processing advances, it is Abstract—Home networking is becoming an attractive possible to refine on the interference and transfer function application not only for the Internet access but also for home degradations so as to compromise the power line automation. Being a high-speed and dominant standard transmission medium. In this way, the vision of industrial presently, HomePlug has an important role in home LAN automation with power line communication especially for a connecting to the Internet. For industrial applications, the Power Line Communication also has significant advances. smaller local area is possible. However, the PHY/MAC technology provided by HomePlug The power line medium is a harsh environment for still cannot be employed with some critical features such as communication. The channel between any two devices in real time performance, implications in the event of link and an application has the transfer function of an extremely node loss. In this paper, the characteristics of HomePlug complicated transmission line network with many stubs PHY/MAC, the property of power line channel, as well as the having terminating loads of various impedances. Such a noise features of power line are analyzed. Based on HomePlug, a model of high level real-time protocol applied to network has an amplitude and phase response that varies industrial environment is proposed. -
1 Conquering the Harsh Plc Channel with Qc-Ldpc
CONQUERING THE HARSH PLC CHANNEL WITH QC-LDPC CODES TO ENABLE QOS GUARANTEED MULTIMEDIA HOME NETWORKS By YOUNGJOON LEE A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2013 1 © 2013 Youngjoon Lee 2 To my parents and family 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to mention the deep appreciation to my advisor, Prof. Haniph Latchman. He enthusiastically and continually encourages my study and research works. It has been an honor to be his Ph.D. student, and I appreciate his plentiful research advice and contributions. My gratitude is also extended to all committee members, Prof. Antonio Arroyo, Prof. Janise McNair, and Prof. Richard Newman. I am very appreciative of their willingness to serve on my committee and their valuable advice. I also thank my lab colleagues at Laboratory for Information Systems and Tele- communications (LIST). Our research discussion and your help were precious for my research progress. I will also never forget our memories in Gainesville. Last, but certainly not least, I must acknowledge with tremendous and deep thanks my family and parents. The scholastic life of my father has promoted my research desire. Furthermore, without his unconditional support, my doctoral degree is never acquired. Most of all, I would like to thank and have great admiration for the love, sacrifice and education of my last mother. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................4 -
Introduction to Transmission Lines
INTRODUCTION TO TRANSMISSION LINES DR. FARID FARAHMAND FALL 2012 http://www.empowermentresources.com/stop_cointelpro/electromagnetic_warfare.htm RF Design ¨ In RF circuits RF energy has to be transported ¤ Transmission lines ¤ Connectors ¨ As we transport energy energy gets lost ¤ Resistance of the wire à lossy cable ¤ Radiation (the energy radiates out of the wire à the wire is acting as an antenna We look at transmission lines and their characteristics Transmission Lines A transmission line connects a generator to a load – a two port network Transmission lines include (physical construction): • Two parallel wires • Coaxial cable • Microstrip line • Optical fiber • Waveguide (very high frequencies, very low loss, expensive) • etc. Types of Transmission Modes TEM (Transverse Electromagnetic): Electric and magnetic fields are orthogonal to one another, and both are orthogonal to direction of propagation Example of TEM Mode Electric Field E is radial Magnetic Field H is azimuthal Propagation is into the page Examples of Connectors Connectors include (physical construction): BNC UHF Type N Etc. Connectors and TLs must match! Transmission Line Effects Delayed by l/c At t = 0, and for f = 1 kHz , if: (1) l = 5 cm: (2) But if l = 20 km: Properties of Materials (constructive parameters) Remember: Homogenous medium is medium with constant properties ¨ Electric Permittivity ε (F/m) ¤ The higher it is, less E is induced, lower polarization ¤ For air: 8.85xE-12 F/m; ε = εo * εr ¨ Magnetic Permeability µ (H/m) Relative permittivity and permeability