Rodolfo Pallucchini

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Rodolfo Pallucchini ©Ministero dei beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo -Bollettino d'Arte 11 problema più interessante, sul quale non In ogni caso si deve tener conto che il por­ posso ancora purtroppo dir nulla di preciso, tico risulta appartenere, e per orientamento e è la destinazione di siffatto portico. Si collega per caratteri costruttivi, alla terza fase della alle vicine terme (palestra?), o ne resta indi­ storia dell' edifizio, cioè circa al III secolo d. C. pendente? Più probabile sembra la seconda ipo­ e come si vede avere preso il posto di una tesi, perchè la sua fronte si affaccia come si è precedente costruzione, così deve averne eredi­ visto, verso 1'esterno. Sarebbe allora per caso la tato alcuni degli elementi architettonici; una corte del Pretorio più antico? Ciò è possibile, parte dei quali, cioè un gruppo di quattro capi­ ma sarebbe prematuro affermarlo prima d'aver telli e due pezzi di architrave, giace lungo il trovato ed esplorato a!meno il lato di fondo. bordo del campo (fig. IO). A. M. COLINI UNA VEDUTA DEL CARLEV ARIJS ALLA R. GALLERIA ESTENSE NA grande veduta, raffigurante un corteo fra le quali l'ultima a destra, la Locanda della U dogale in Canalazzo, presso il Ponte di Rialto, Cerva, staccano le loro tinte grigiastre o castano finora conservata nei depositi della R. Galleria scuro sull' azzurro carico del cielo stracciato di Estense di Modena, mi parve degna di consi­ nuvolaglia argentea. La meticolosa ambien­ derazione e di studio: sottoposta ad una cauta tazione architettonica inquadra un episodio ripulitura, che ne ha levato vernici ossidate storico: un corteo dogale s'avvia verso terra­ e sudiciume, la tela è stata esposta nella sala ferma, forse incontro a chissà qual personaggio dei veneti. I) di rango. L'episodio si confonde con la vita Durante il restauro si sono scoperte, in basso quotidiana: la storia ridiventa arguta cronaca a destra su di una cassa, le lettere maiuscole: nella spigliata prosaicità dialettale del pittore. L C V, che possono interpretarsi come le Sulle rive, che mantengono il colore rossastro iniziali delle parole Luca Carlevarijs Veneto. 2) della preparazione a bolo della tela, e sul ca­ Ma la veduta ha da essere accolta nel catalogo, nale, di colore opaco, si dispongono, fila su fila, abbastanza ristretto, del friulano, 1'iniziatore con una prospettiva a cavalli era, gli episodi della pittura veneta di paesaggio del Settecento? colti con interesse aneddottico. Le figure non È il problema che mi propongo di risolvere. fanno folla, non partecipano dell'ambiente, e Anzitutto si osservi e si goda la scena che quindi non creano paesaggio; ma, staccate una ha tutto il sapore di un documentario di vita dall' altra, sono intese nel loro valore lineari­ veneziana degli ultimi decenni del Seicento. stico. È evidente lo sforzo del pittore che cerca Appare evidente lo sforzo di cogliere la veduta di unificare l'elemento figura con quello prospet­ con un campo visivo molto più vasto di quello tico-architettonico; il tentativo, che rimane che non permetta il campo prospettico. Le linee un compromesso, dal punto di vista storico ha degli edifici, le scalinate delle rive e le reni un particolare interesse. del ponte concorrono al punto focale con Assistiamo al documentario. La "peatona" rispetto delle regole prospettiche: il pittore rossa e dorata del Doge, con a prua il tibicinator abbassa poi le due rive quasi a perpendicolo, dinanzi al baldacchino, imbocca 1'arco del ponte, aumentando la superficie visiva attraverso un rimorchiata da una barca a quattro remi. Ai ingenuo anacoluto prospettico. Le architetture lati due gondole di ricco addobbo: quella a son tirate alla buona, ma fedeli: il Palazzo dei destra, dipinta in nero ad ornamenti dorati, X Savi, quello dei Camerlenghi, il Ponte, il reca il nunzio pontificio, l'altra, a sinistra, sfar­ Fondaco dei Tedeschi 3) e case d'abitazione, zosamente intagliata e decorata, con i voga tori 554 ©Ministero dei beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo -Bollettino d'Arte MODENA, R. GALLERIA ESTENSE - LUCA CARLEVARIJS: CORTEO DOGALE IN CANAL GRANDE AL PONTE DI RIALTO (Fot. Bandieri) a vesti rosse e verdi, è certo di un amba­ Riva del Carbon, leggono le recentissime cer­ sciatore. Altre due Il peatone '" stipate di tamente attorno a quel corteo. Montanari por­ dignitari, festose nel loro color rosso, arran­ tano nelle gerle il carbone; gentiluomini e cit­ cano rimorchiate a mo' di biscia, per esser tadini passeggiano, s'incontrano e conversano. colte con un tre quarti che ben le stacchi sul­ Uno storpio chiede t'elemosina, due mocciosi l'acqua. Il corteo ingorga il traffico e la cir­ s'azzuffano, mentre, accanto, un merci aio sta colazione del Canalazzo. "Peate" cariche di impettito dinanzi alla bottega. Forestieri im­ merci hanno attraccato di fronte al Fondaco parruccati s'affacciano alle finestre della locanda dei Tedeschi, gondole stazionano sotto il ponte, per non perdere lo spettacolo. Drappi vario­ imbarcazioni di ogni genere solcano il canale. pinti, calze, cappelli sono in bella mostra nei Un "sandolin" con frutta e bilancia a bordo, negozi del ponte. Dinanzi al Palazzo dei X Savi si stacca dalla Riva del Carboni a basso tre un magistrato riceve l'omaggio di un cittadino. buranelli vogano di lena su di un sandalo colmo Sulla Riva del Vin la folla è in faccende attorno di cavoli e con a prua una donna col fantolino al carico giunto, giù per il Brenta, dagli Euganei. ed il cane; a sinistra una gondola padronale L'ingenua inquadratura prospettica è dunque col moretto a prua ed i signori, sotto al felze, redenta dalla descrizione di tutt~ quella folla, in galante colloquio. Alle riva si scaricano merci osservata, nelle azioni più spigliate, con pro­ d'ogni sorta. La folla brulica e s'affaccia dal cedimento frizzante ed icastico. La sensibilità ponte ad osservare il corteo. L'avvenimento è pittorica realizzata in quelle figure è davvero certo d'importanza; due gentiluomini, sulla efficace; son poche pennellate, a toni VlvaCl, a 555 ©Ministero dei beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo -Bollettino d'Arte rispecchia la vita vene­ ziana del tardo Seicento. La gondola di gala, alla sinistra della "peatona" dogale, ricca di sculture lignee, si direbbe uscita dallo" squero" che mise in acqua quelle cinque famose che accompagna­ rono, nel settembre del 1682, l'ambasciatore di Francia Amelot de Gour­ nay nel suo ingresso a Venezia. 4) Le fogge dei costumi corrispondono, almeno approssimativa­ mente, a quelle docu­ mentate dalle illustra­ zioni dell' Orologio del Piacere, che il Piccioli pubblicò nel 1685, in occasione del ricevi­ mento del duca Ernesto Augusto di Brunswick a Piazzola. 5) Nella ve­ duta dell' Estense com­ paiono le prime parruc­ che: la moda, importata dalla Francia, incomin­ ciò a prender piede fra i bellimbusti veneziani negli ultimi decenni del secolo. 6) Dalla nativa Udine il Carlevarijs capitò a Ve­ nezia a 16 anni, nel 1679: tranne un viaggio MODENA, R. GALLERIA ESTENSE - LUCA Ci\RLEVARIJS: PARTICOLARE DEL CORTEO DOGALE (Fot. Bandieri) a Roma, attribuitogli dalla tradizione, egli non schizzare e dar vita alle macchiette. L'impo­ abbandonò le lagune, se non per recarsi nel stazione seicentesca risulta evidente dallo stacco suo Friuli. 7) Nel considerare l'opera sicura del violento dei valori locali, chiaroscurati ma non Carlevarijs fino a poco tempo fa occorreva giun­ accordati. gere al 1709 per trovare la sua prima veduta Si ignora l'avvenimento al quale la veduta pittorica, grandiosa per impostazione ed ab­ dell' Estense si riferisce: elementi esterni, oltre bastanza completa di fronte allo svolgimento che stilistici, come foggia delle vesti, forma della sua maniera, cioè alla Regata in onore del delle imbarcazioni, ecc., indicano che il dipinto Re Federico IV di Danimarca della Galleria di ©Ministero dei beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo -Bollettino d'Arte Frederiksborg, replicata nella Collezione Lazza­ roni di Roma. Recente­ mente sono state identi­ ficate dal Nisser e datate 1707 l'Entrata ed il Ri­ cevimento in Palazzo Ducale dell'Ambasciatore Lord Manchester, ora del conte di Manchester a Kimbolton, St. Neots, Huntingdonshire. 8) Ri­ mangono, tuttavia, sco­ perti alcuni decenni di un'attività pittorica che è giocoforza ammettere, documentata del resto fin dal I704 dalI' Or­ landi,9) oltre a quella incisoria, se ci si vuoI render conto della pro­ "duzione dal I707 in poi. Il corteo dogale della Galleria Estense ha tutti i caratteri stilisti ci suffi­ cienti' anche nella loro incompleta attuazione, per essere considerata 1'opera più primitiva che oggi si conosca del Carlevarijs. Quel robu­ sto taglio di cielo, con le nubi scalate in diago­ nale, si riscontra nella Regata in onore di Fede­ rico IV. Nell' inquadra­ tura prospettica di tale scena, risolta senza erro­ MODENA, R. GALLERIA ESTENSE - LUCA CARLEVARIJS: PARTICOLARE DEL CORTEO DOGALE ri, come in quelle delle (Fot. Bandieri) note incisioni del I703, permane il carattere di scenario fittizio degli edi­ dai balconi e dalle finestre della scena modenese fici e dello sfondo. La scrupolosa meticolosità sono certo le stesse che assisteranno, veloce­ della resa di ogni particolare architettonico, per mente abbozzate, dai palazzi lungo il Canalazzo, cui le finestre s'incidono con successioni mono­ alla regata in onore del Re di Danimarca. Il tone per via di smilze ripetizioni di spacchi d'om­ gusto di affollare i primi piani, di stiparli in un bre, evidente nelle case a destra del Ponte di movimentato disordine, risulta evidente nella Rialto, ricompare costante nella sceneggiatura scena del Bucintoro nel Bacino di S. Marco delle vedute posteriori. Le figure che s'affacciano della raccolta Lazzaroni di Roma. Quando si 557 ©Ministero dei beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo -Bollettino d'Arte osserva la folla della veduta dell' Estense Vlen L'episodio suggerisce che il Carlevarijs doveva da pensare insistentemente alle parole di Gian­ aver preso dimora fra le lagune da più di nantonio Moschini: IO) "Le figure e macchiette, qualche anno.
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