Willow Oak: Quercus Phellos

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Willow Oak: Quercus phellos Secondary Names: Leaf Type: Deciduous Texas Native: Tree Description: A large tree to 90 feet tall and a trunk to 3 feet in diameter, with an open, rounded crown of slender, green foliage, making a beautiful tree that is desirable for roadsides, lawns and parks. Range/Site Description: Found in East Texas, west to the Brazos River, on frequently-flooded bottomlands and along the borders of rivers and swamps. Leaf: Simple, alternate, 2" to 5" long and 0.5" to 0.75" wide, linear to lanceolate in shape, with a bristle at the tip; leaves are smooth, medium green and shiny above, dull, light green and smooth below, turning golden brown in fall. Flower: Separate male and female flowers appear on the same tree in spring when the leaves begin to unfold; male flowers are borne on a yellowish catkin 2" to 3" long; the female flowers are less conspicuous and clustered on a short stalk in the leaf axil. Fruit: An acorn, requiring two years to mature, hemispheric, about 0.5" in diameter, light yellow-brown, its base scarcely enclosed in the shallow, greenish-brown cup. Bark: Smooth and reddish-brown, with age becoming roughened by narrow ridges. Wood: Similar to other species in the red oak group. Heavy, strong, rather coarse-grained, light brown tinged with red, and not durable when exposed to the weather; used for crossties, bridge planks, and general construction. Similar Species: Water oak (Quercus nigra) has obovate leaves with more than one bristle-tip; laurel oak (Q. laurifolia) has wider, more variable leaf shapes; black willow (Salix nigra) has very narrow, serrated leaves. .

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Quercus Phellos.Indd
Quercus phellos (Willow Oak) Beech Family (Fagaceae) Introduction: Willow oak is a member of the red oak group with willow-shaped leaves. The fi ne foliage of the willow oak is one of its best ornamental features. The willow oak has excellent texture, rounded form, attrac- tive bark, and beautiful winter features (fi ne-texture, persistent leaves and twiggy form). Culture: The willow oak is an excellent choice as a shade tree. It thrives in moist, well-drained, acidic soil and full sun. The willow oak will tolerate pollution and drought and is considered a trouble-free tree as long as soil pH is acidic. Willow oak has a fi brous root system and is therefore easy to transplant. It has no serious disease or Botanical Characteristics: insect problems. As little as 1 inch of fi ll soil can kill an oak. Native habitat: Southeastern USA in alluvial soils, swamps. Additional comments: Willow oak is an excellent large shade tree. Its Growth habit: Unique among the oaks, the wil- low oak has a rounded habit. fi ne texture contrasts with the coarseness of most other red oaks. It is one of the best oaks for avenue plantings Tree size: Growing fast for an oak, it can reach or large residences. Willow oak is a fast-growing oak 70’ in height and equal width. that transplants easily and is tolerant of a wide range of growing conditions. Flower and fruit: Female fl owers are incon- Willow oak is a member of the red oak group spicuous; however the pendulous male catkins without lobed leaves.
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Pub. No. 39 October 2016 Invasive Trees of Georgia by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia Georgia has many species of trees. Some are native trees and some have been introduced from outside the state, nation, or continent. Most of Georgia’s trees are well- behaved and easily develop into sustainable shade and street trees. A few tree species have an extrodinary ability to upsurp resources and take over sites from other plants. These trees are called invasive because they effectively invade sites, many times eliminat- ing other species of plants. There are a few tree species native to Georgia which are considered invasive in other parts of the country. These native invasives, may be well-behaved in Georgia, but reproduce and take over sites elsewhere, and so have gained an invasive status from at least one other invasive species list. Table 1. There are hundreds of trees which have been introduced to Georgia landscapes. Some of these exotic / naturalized trees are considered invasive. The selected list of Georgia invasive trees listed here are notorious for growing rampantly and being difficult to eradicate. Table 2. Table 1: Native trees considered invasive in other parts of the country. scientific name common name scientific name common name Acacia farnesiana sweet acacia Myrica cerifera Southern bayberry Acer negundo boxelder Pinus taeda loblolly pine Acer rubrum red maple Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood Fraxinus americana white ash Prunus serotina black cherry Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash Robinia pseudoacacia black locust Gleditsia triacanthos honeylocust Toxicodendron vernix poison sumac Juniperus virginiana eastern redcedar The University of Georgia is committed to principles of equal opportunity and affirmative action.
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Duke of York Gardens Tree Walk Guide (PDF, 890KB)
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Georgia Native Trees Considered Invasive in Other Parts of the Country. Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Common Name
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