Vision Table of Contents The Milwaukee County Zoo will be a zoo of renown with a reputation Address from the County Executive ...... 1 as a leader in animal management, conservation, research and educa- Letter from the Director ...... 2 tion within a wholesome recreational environment enjoying the Milwaukee County Zoo History ...... 4 admiration of the citizens of Milwaukee County as well as all zoo guests and other zoos of the world. Special Exhibits ...... 9 Animal Management and Health Division ...... 10 Mission Statement Administration and Finance ...... 26 The Milwaukee County Zoo will inspire public understanding, Public Affairs and Services ...... 29 support and participation in global conservation of animal species Operations ...... 32 and their environment by creating a unifying bond between our visitors and the living earth and provide an environment for Operating Expenses ...... 36 personal renewal and enjoyment for our guests by: The Milwaukee County Zoo and the Zoological Society ...... 40 • Contributing to world wide animal management, conservation and research efforts; County Executive and Board of Supervisors ...... 45

• Fostering sound physical, psychological and social development for the animal groups in our care • Sharing our knowledge with the intent to reinforce the human-animal-earth bond; • Improving the quality of our professional development, administration and operating environment; • Striving for the financial self-sufficiency of the organization; • Continuing the public-private partnership with the Zoological Society of Milwaukee County.

Fennec fox kits I thank the staff of the Milwaukee County Zoo for their continued dedication and hard work. It is because of your efforts the Zoo is Dear regarded as such a fine zoological institution. Lastly, the dedication of the the Zoo and the Zoological Society to improving the future of the Zoo holds great promise. This Friends, public-private partnership has the potential to strengthen the There were a variety of high- lights for the Zoo in 2 011, from Zoo’s projects and overall initiatives. significant animal exhibits and births, to the presentation of a live animal special exhibit during the summer months. Because Chris Abele of these and other noteworthy Milwaukee County Executive (April 2 011) events, our Zoo continues to be regarded as one of the finest in the country.

During the summer, the Zoo displayed a live butterfly exhibit entitled Butterflies! In Living Color, sponsored by Sendik’s Food Markets. Running May 28 through September 25, the exhibit featured more than 500 native North American butterflies, free flying in a tropical greenhouse. Not only was the exhibit visually appealing, but it encouraged visitors to learn more about the importance of these insects in our natural world.

The Zoo’s animal collection received recognition with the exciting arrival of three African lion cubs in July. This litter, the first born here since 1974, demonstrates our commitment to conservation efforts and raises awareness to the plight these animals now face in the wild.

Early in the summer, the Zoo opened a new outdoor Bonobo Exhibit, visible to the public. This huge expanse of elevated passageways was designed to make these animals, a highly endangered species of pri- mate, feel closer to their natural habitat in Africa. New graphics and interactive displays also were added to the existing indoor exhibit.

The future of the Zoo looks promising, as new animals, through births and acquisitions, are continually added to the collection, and new projects and exhibits are slated for the future.

Butterflies! In Living Color 1 Letter from the Director In July, we welcomed three African lion cubs, born to mother Sanura, and father, Themba. The very active litter made their public debut in October, much to the delight of our visitors. The In 2 011, the Zoo was a showcase for significant animal birth was significant in that it marked the first lion cubs born additions, a new outdoor public addition to the Bonobo here since 1974. We’re grateful for the donation from BMO Exhibit and an intriguing live animal exhibit displayed Harris Bank, as the title sponsor for the cub naming contest. during the summer. During the summer, the Zoo displayed a live animal special In June, the Zoo was proud to unveil a new outdoor Bonobo exhibit–Butterflies! In Living Color, sponsored by Sendik’s Exhibit, allowing these highly endangered great apes to enjoy Food Markets. The exhibit featured more than 500 butterflies, lofted areas in the forest, re-creating their lives in the wild. fluttering in a tropical greenhouse habitat, and educated patrons This outdoor public area features 500 feet of elevated pas- about these dynamic insects. sageways for the animals. The outdoor exhibit was one of three major upgrades to the bonobo area, and was made We partnered with PGAV Destinations for the initial phase possible by Milwaukee County and an anonymous grant to of a new master plan for the Zoo. This national company is the Zoological Society. considered a leader in planning and design for a large number of zoos and aquariums across the United States.

Lion cubs

2 fly er Also in 2 011, the Zoo We recognize a number of employees who retired during tt u b was in the national 2 011, and wish them the best as they start a new chapter in h c r spotlight, as our their lives. With these retirements, we welcomed new faces to a n o primate keepers our Zoo family, and look toward the future with fresh insights. M were featured for their work We once again extend a thank you to the County Executive, with our the County Board and the Zoological Society and their orangutans partners for their continued support. A number of our and iPads. initiatives, renovations and special exhibits are possible Part of the because of their assistance. orangutans’ Please read on as each Division shares highlights from ongoing enrich- the year. ment at the Zoo involves interaction with the latest tech- nologies offered by the iPad. Many national and international media covered the Charles Wikenhauser subject, as we were the first Zoo to initiate such a project. Director Polar bears; Charles Wikenhauser

3 Early 1990s An extensive renovation of the Aviary and the The Milwaukee County Zoo construction of the new Apes of Africa and the renovation of the Primates of the World Home to more than 2,500 mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and rep- 1995 Renovation of the Aquarium & Reptile Center; tiles, we are proud our zoological park continues to be recognized as renamed the Aquatic & Reptile Center one of the finest in the country. 1998 Remodeling of the Small Mammals Building Our history at a glance: 1999 Initiated a $28 million capital improvement plan 1892 The Milwaukee County Zoo (MCZ) started Represents a significant partnership venture as a miniature mammal and bird display in between the Zoo, Milwaukee County and Milwaukee’s downtown Washington Park the Zoological Society Mid-1890s The Zoological Society was founded, lending financial 2002 Renovation and modernization of Lakeview support to the Zoo; Society helps to promote MCZ Place restaurant by capital fundraising campaigns for building renovations and other new exhibits Redesign of the Ice Cream Palace and Karibu Gift Shop The mission of the Society is to support the Zoo, educate visitors on the importance of Groundbreaking for the new Animal Health Center wildlife and the environment and to conserve Major renovation (both indoor and outdoor quarters) endangered species to our landmark exhibit, Monkey Island; re-named Macaque Island 1902 MCZ expanded to 23 acres; now home to 800 animals 2003 Completion of Animal Health Center 1934 MCZ became an entity of the Milwaukee County Park Commission, which helped provide resources Initiated design phase of renovation to the Feline to expand the Zoo Building; animals relocated Began initial renovations to the Stackner Heritage 1958 MCZ moved to its present location on 200 acres Farm and construction of the Karen Peck Katz of park land Conservation Education Center Late 1960s Completion of: the Primate Building, Monkey Island, Completion of the Karen Peck Katz Conservation Winter Quarters, Polar and Brown Bear Dens and 2004 Education Center the Feline, Pachyderm, Giraffe, Bird, Small Mammal, Aquarium & Reptile and Australian Buildings Began demolition and finalized designs for Northwestern Mutual Family Farm 1970s MCZ added the Children’s Zoo, Train Shed and Zoo Hospital Continued construction of the new $7.2 million Florence Mila Borchert Big Cat Country The Dall Sheep Exhibit, the Gift Shop and Zoo Pride also were established 2005 Completion of the Florence Mila Borchert 1980s Initiated MCZ Master Plan Big Cat Country Completion of: Wolf Woods, underwater viewing in Completion of the Northwestern Mutual Family Farm the Polar Bear and Sea Lion Exhibits, Oceans of Fun, Completion of the redesign and renovtion of the the Dairy Complex, Humboldt Penguins and the Safari Train Station Peck Welcome Center 4 Began initial design and renovation phase of the 2009 Completion of the Dohmen Family Foundation Giraffe Exhibit; groundbreaking occurred in Hippo Home summer of 2005 Completion of the planning for the Underwater 2006 Completion of the MillerCoors Giraffe Experience Hippo Viewing Exhibit Began initial design phase of new U.S. Bank Gathering Completed renovation of the Taylor Family Place; scheduled to open in 2008 Humboldt Penguin Exhibit Began design of a new Flamingo Exhibit Began upgrades for storm water management program 2007 Began construction for the new U.S. Bank Gathering Hosted the 8th Annual Great Lakes Bat Festival Place; opening in 2008 2010 Began construction of outdoor Bonobo Exhibit Broke ground and began construction of the Idabel Installed solar panels at admission gates Wilmot Borchert Flamingo Exhibit and Overlook; Installed permanent exhibit, “The Language of opening in 2008 Conservation” throughout Zoo 2008 Completion of the U.S. Bank Gathering Place 2011 Completion of the new outdoor Bonobo Exhibit Completion of the Idabel Wilmot Borchert Flamingo Installed new interpretive graphics and interactive Exhibit and Overlook displays to the indoor Bonobo Exhibit Began conceptual design for new Hippo Exhibit Presented new permanent visitor activities with and service areas Sky Trail® Wisconsin Adventure Zone Received accreditation by the AZA’s independent Added Kohl’s Wild Theater programming to offerings Accreditation Commission; hosted the 2008 at Zoo’s Family Farm, made possible by donation to Annual Conference the Zoological Society

Sky Trail® Wisconsin Adventure Zone; Bonobo Exhibit

5 ­­­­ 2011 Highlights

The major highlights of 2011 included: the opening of a new permanent outdoor Bonobo Exhibit; the addition of new interpretive components to the indoor Bonobo Exhibit; the installation of three new visitor “adventures” through Sky Trail® Wisconsin Adventure Zone; and the birth of three new African lion cubs, a “first” for the Zoo since 1974. In addition, our Zoo, along with Polar Bears International, hosted the “Paw of Approval Award” presentation to one of our longtime community partners.

Listed here are some of these highlights and accomplishments in greater detail:

Outdoor Bonobo Exhibit In June, the Zoo was proud to unveil a new outdoor Bonobo Exhibit, thanks to an anonymous grant to the Zoological Society. This extensive configuration of ele- vated mesh passageways was carefully constructed within a forest of large trees and forest undergrowth. The exhibit provides a natural setting for the display of our highly endangered bonobo troop.

The 500 feet of elevated passages allows the public to view the bonobos at eye level, with the visitors standing on a large observation deck at the edge of the forest. Now, bonobos can play in lofts and towers constructed high up into the trees, both in and out of the public view. This simulates how these animals would appear to us in their natural habitat in Africa.

Interactive graphics and kiosks also were installed adjacent to the indoor Bonobo Exhibit, including a museum-style diorama exhibit featuring the work of Dr. Gay E. Reinartz, Zoological Conservation Coordinator.

Sky Trail® Wisconsin Adventure Zone 6 She has spent the past 13 years studying bonobos and their habitat, helping people who share this land, in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

In addition, the bonobos’ indoor exhibit was renovated with new climbing trees and “vines,” which will give the animals more climbing space. Behind-the-scenes access areas for the zookeepers and researchers also were upgraded.

Sky Trail® Wisconsin Adventure Zone In August, the Zoo presented three new “adventures” to visitors in the popular forms of 500 feet of zipping line, a three level, 24-element ropes course measuring 25 feet by 50 feet and a 32-foot climbing wall. (The first two elements opened in the summer, and the climbing wall opened afterward.)

The construction of this course at the Zoo offered another Polar Bears International President, Robert Buchanan option for families to enjoy during their visit, in addition to the other rides, attractions and permanent animal collection. Polar Bears International/Paw of Approval Award Similar attractions are becoming more popular with family- In May, the Zoo embraced the cold by hosting a “Be Cool” ® oriented venues. SkyTrail has installed its products in event in cooperation with Polar Bears International (PBI), amusement parks, family fun centers, cruise ships, malls, a nonprofit organization dedicated to polar bear conserva- zoos and campgrounds. Some of these venues include: tion. As part of the celebration, PBI’s President, Robert John Ball Zoo in Michigan, Louisville Zoo in Kentucky Buchanan, gave a staff and public presentation on polar and Edinburgh Zoo in Scotland. bears in a warming world in the Zoo’s Peck Welcome Center. The zip line ropes course and climbing wall are all connected He also presented the Zoo with PBI’s inaugural “Champion in one structure, but the courses have different entrances. of Polar Bear Award” in recognition of the Zoo’s excellence The zip line launches guests along a 250-foot, round trip in climate awareness programs and polar bear initiatives. excursion (500 feet total) beginning at the Humboldt Also during his visit, Buchanan launched PBI’s signature Penguin Exhibit. Zip Line participants wear a seat “Paw of Approval Award” program, which allowed our Zoo and chest harness that attaches to the course. to honor a local business for extraordinary accomplishments The adventures proved to be extremely popular with visitors in carbon dioxide reductions. The Zoo presented the award as Sky Trail® set a national record at our Zoo when it opened to We Energies, a conservation steward and proud partner for the busiest zip line and ropes course. of ours for many years. We Energies’ projects on behalf of the Zoo focus on the installation of alternative sources of

7 energy which are proven technologies and actions that 2010 Otter Species Survival Program (SSP) Workshop show an overall reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Bonobo Conservation in the Democratic Republic of Congo, in conjunction with the Zoological Society of Milwaukee For Robert Buchanan’s visit, the Zoo’s Public Relations Section pitched various media outlets for interviews to Piping Plover Project raise awareness and bring about change to the global Horticulture Practices at the Milwaukee County Zoo warming issue and ultimately the plight of polar bears. 2011 International Rhino Keeper Workshop The two-day media tour included interviews with American Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA) Animal Milwaukee Public Radio, Wisconsin Public Radio, WTMJ Training Applications in Zoo and Aquarium Settings Radio, and television stations FOX-6, WISN-TV/ABC and WTMJ-TV/NBC, all Milwaukee affiliates. Other Highlights The Zoo continued to host temporary exhibits and special Zoo Master Planning events throughout 2011. The year’s events included our In 2011, the Zoo contracted with Peckham Guyton summer exhibit, Butterflies! In Living Color, sponsored by Albers & Viets, Inc. (PGAV) for the initial analysis phase Sendik’s Food Markets, and the opening of our new perma- of a new comprehensive master plan for the Zoo. nent outdoor Bonobo Exhibit, and indoor renovations to This initial phase included analysis of the Zoo’s existing the habitat and supplemental exhibit components. condition, market, audience and brand to establish key The attraction and special event lineup included: MillerCoor’s growth strategies. Business and operational considerations Oceans of Fun Seal and Sea Lion Show, Penzeys Spices’ also were integrated into the development of the Zoo’s Carousel, PNC’s Zoomobile, a 25-minute guided motor master plan through a review and analysis of our current vehicle tour, Behind the Scenes Weekend, sponsored by business strategies and structures. Tri City National Bank, Egg Day sponsored by Welch’s and Pick ’n Save and Senior Celebration sponsored by Wheaton These initial findings and observations by PGAV were Franciscan Health. then submitted to Zoo personnel for review and critique. Lunchtime Lectures The next phase of the master plan is slated for early 2012.

Lunchtime Lectures As in years past, staff and outside guests presented a series of lectures as part of our continuing education efforts. These free “Lunchtime Lectures” offered varied topics of interest and served as professional enrichment for staff. The Milwau- kee Chapter of the American Association of Zookeepers (AAZK) also coordinated and presented several of the lectures. Here are some of the topics presented during the year:

8 2011 Special Exhibit

Butterflies! In Living Color Sponsored by Sendik’s Food Markets At the end of May, a colorful cast of Tawny Emperors, Tiger Swallowtails and Mourning Cloaks, among a large number of other species, took up residence in a tropical indoor greenhouse as we hosted Butterflies! In Living Color, sponsored by Sendik’s Food Markets.

Visitors encountered more than 500 butterflies from North America and the Caribbean as they made their way through the tropical indoor habitat complete with lush foliage and winding pathways. Many of the brightly colored species were native to the Caribbean, including the islands of Grand Cayman, Jamaica and Grenada, where Zoo staff have been doing research on frogs, snakes and iguanas. Some of the species also were native to Wisconsin. Visitors learned more about this research through signage and text near the entryway to the exhibit.

The centerpiece of the display featured the intriguing metamor- phosis of these insects, as they transformed from tiny pupae into bright, beautiful butterflies! Guests saw firsthand how these creatures begin as one kind of animal and turn into another.

A special Butterfly Exhibit Guide allowed visitors to identify the different species within the exhibit, and added to the educa- tional components of the display. The importance of preserving butterfly habitats that are threatened was a central message of the exhibition as well.

Butterflies! In Living Color was displayed from May 28 through September 25 in the Zoo’s Otto Borchert Family Special Exhibits Building, and was $2 per person after regular admission.

Butterflies! In Living Color 9 2011 Animal Management and Health Division

Overview The animal collection owned by our Zoo and out on loan to other zoological institutions included 61 animals representing 30 species, The year 2011 included changes and additions to our existing as listed: below animal collection, the continuation and expansion of our conserva- tion and research initiatives and major renovations and upgrades Out on Loan Species Specimens of animal facilities. Mammals 16 36 Animal Division Collections Birds 7 13 Our Zoo is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), the premiere association of zoological institutions Reptiles 7 12 in North America with unequaled standards for animal care and Amphibians – – management. Many of the transfers and the breeding of animals described below are in accordance with AZA programs including Fish – – Species Survival Plans® (SSPs) and Taxon Advisory Groups (TAGs). Invertebrates – –

The Animal Division Collections serve to enhance visitors’ knowledge TOTAL 30 61 and appreciation of animals, and to contribute to animal species con- servation. Our front-line animal care staff devotes more than 100,000 With such a large and diverse animal collection, there are a signifi- hours each year toward the care of our animals. cant number of births, transfers and deaths every year. In general, due to the level of husbandry and veterinary care, the life expectancy On December 31, 2011, the Milwaukee County Zoo animal collection of animals at our Zoo may greatly exceed the life expectancy of ani- on Zoo grounds included 2,583 animals representing 336 species, mals in the wild. These life expectancies vary dramatically with the as listed below: species–small rodents and the giant Pacific octopus are old in two years, while swans can live for decades. Female lions are ancient On Zoo Grounds Species Specimens when 20 years of age, but our giant Amazon river turtle may be Mammals 82 413 100 years old. Animals are subject to the same types of health conditions as humans, which may result in earlier deaths. Birds 77 320 The animal staff devotes much thought and time toward enriching Reptiles 47 129 the lives of the Zoo animals. They provide mental and physical Amphibians 10 29 stimulation to the animals by varying their social structure, mixing Fish 92 1011 compatible species together, varying their habitats, offering interest- ing scents, providing manipulation devices, engaging them in positive Invertebrates 28 690 reinforcement training, offering food treats for foraging opportunities TOTAL 336 2583 and supplying toys and problem-solving reward devices.

10 Aquatic and Reptile Center Zoo for new homes in the AZA community included speckled Long-term conservation programs for rock iguana, Butler’s garter mousebirds, Waldrapp ibis, Micronesian kingfishers, pheasant snake, Lake Victoria cichlid and Wisconsin’s endangered starhead pigeon and red-billed hornbills. topminnow and ornate box turtle continued this year. The Aviary continued to support in situ conservation efforts again There were multiple changes in the animal collection this year, with in 2011 by sending a zookeeper to Michigan to aid in the Great lizards, snakes, turtles, fish and invertebrates coming in and out of Lakes Piping Plover Recovery Program. The Zoo has participated the Center. in this program since 1996. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia, a disease of freshwater fish, has arrived Large Mammals in Wisconsin. In order to prevent its transmission to our fishes in our The Large Mammal Sections of the Zoo include: Big Cat Country, exhibit, extraordinary procedures must be followed to acquire and North America/Australia, Pachyderms/Giraffe, Africa/South quarantine fishes destined for the Lake Wisconsin Exhibit. This exhibit America Hoofstock and Bactrian Camel. is one of our most popular, as it houses trophy-sized game fishes that stir the imaginations of sport fishermen. In all of these areas, staff continues to manage an extensive animal collection with a progressive training program using Aviary positive reinforcement. Training the animals to cooperate willingly The Aviary acquired seven new species in 2 011, including white- for health exams, sample collections and husbandry procedures crested laughing thrush, hooded pitta, pale-mandibled aracari, blue allow for an enriching and stress-free environment. Samples ground dove, scarlet ibis, Mandarin duck and the common moorhen. collected under these conditions are used to determine normal Grey winged trumpeters returned to the collection, hopefully for biological parameters in exotic species, and also to monitor the future breeding. overall health and reproductive status of our animals. We also continued to participate in AZA breeding programs with North America/Australia offspring from our white-cheeked bulbuls, Gentoo penguins, Abdim’s New acquisitions in North America in 2 011 included the arrival of storks, Waldrapp ibis and blacksmith lapwings. Offspring that left the two new female elk, three male black-tailed prairie dogs and a male polar bear, Wilhelm. Wilhelm, or “Willie,” is staying with us for two years while his exhibit is being renovated at the North Carolina Zoo. He and our female bear Snow Lilly are spending time together on public exhibit.

In Australia, we had three new red kangaroo joeys born, all of which were out of the pouch by year’s end. We also had a Matschie’s tree kangaroo joey born late in the year; and scheduled to make an appearance in spring 2012.

“Willie” Dispositions included our older tree kangaroo joey, which went to the San Diego Zoo according to Species Survival Plan breeding recommendations. Three young red kangaroos also moved, two to the St. Louis Zoo and one to Rolling Hills Wildlife Adventure in Salina, Kansas. 11 Unfortunately, we did have animal losses during the year as well. Boris, our 18-year old snow leopard, was humanely euthanized. Trotsie, our oldest mule deer at almost 17 years old, was humanely At the time of his death, he was the second oldest snow leopard euthanized due to age-related health complications; the sandhill in the AZA population, a testament to the efforts of animal keeper crane that shared the Elk Exhibit and one of the female elk that and veterinary staff toward caring for the animals here at the Zoo. arrived in 2010 died of natural causes; and we lost our two oldest red kangaroos, female Meninde and our adult breeding male, Banjo. Our only other disposition in the area involved sending Grungie, the spotted hyena, back to his birthplace at the Buffalo Zoo to Big Cat Country breed with its new group of unrelated females. The big news in Big Cats this year was the birth of three African lion cubs in July. These cubs are the first offspring for eight-year-old Pachyderms/Giraffe parents, sire, Themba, and dam, Sanura. More than 100 lion cubs have The newest additions to the Pachyderm area are two young female been born at our Zoo in its 129-year history, but this is the first litter at bongo from the Jacksonville Zoo. These antelope completed quaran- the Zoo since 1974. Sanura has proven to be an excellent mother, and tine late in the year and will make their exhibit debut in spring 2012. Themba was reunited with the family when the cubs were about Our resident bongo, Meru, at 21 years old, is the oldest bongo on three months old. An online naming contest for two of the cubs was record for the Milwaukee County Zoo. sponsored by BMO Harris Bank. The winning name for the female was Our black rhinos, Brewster and Mimi, continued to breed this year, Njeri, meaning “warrior’s daughter,” and one of the males was named but endocrinology results do not indicate Mimi is pregnant. Kiume, which means “strong.” The second male cub is named Hubert after BMO Harris Bank’s lion mascot. On the research front, staff started collecting data for a research project titled Using Science to Understand Zoo Elephant Welfare. Our jaguar pair, Pat and Stella, continued to gain breeding experience This is a comprehensive, nationwide study to determine the environ- this year and will hopefully be the next successful parents in Big Cat mental and husbandry factors that are most important to elephant Country next year. welfare, and is sponsored by a grant from the Institute of Museum Sanura and cub and Library Services. We also continue to perform in-house endocrinology research on the effectiveness of contraceptives in our two female hippos.

The second annual Elephant Awareness Day was a great success, providing visitors with activities and information about elephants, and also raising funds for wild elephant conservation. African & South American Hoofstock/Camels Mid-summer started positively as a female alpaca, Marcella, was born the first week of July and had a uniform brown coat just like her mother, Eleanor. Keepers kept a close watch on her nursing behavior and weight gain for the first couple of weeks, and once it was determined she was doing well, she was successfully released back into the herd. Marcella’s older brother, Enrique, departed the Zoo for a new home just days before she was born. 12 Also in the summer, Kai Li, a female red panda, arrived here from both in the wilds of the Democratic Republic of Congo and here at Calgary and proved to be a lively addition to the Panda Exhibit. our Zoo. Both the outdoor exhibit and the new graphics were made Unfortunately, her condition started to deteriorate after a few possible by the generosity of an anonymous donor, to whom we are months and she passed away in September. We are still waiting extremely grateful. for test results to determine the cause of her decline. During 2011, we had two significant increases in our Apes of Africa Another addition to the area was a male ground hornbill, Niles, population. The first was in June with the arrival of an 11-year-old who eventually will be paired with the resident female, Hornrietta, female gorilla named Naku, who is the granddaughter of Linda gorilla. in the Savannah Exhibit. The only other disposition was the loss Linda passed away in 2010. Our population of bonobos also increased of our oldest impala, Cinnamon, due to age-related health issues. by one, as we received Elikia bonobo, an 11-year-old female, from Training projects continued–and new ones were initiated–with the Fort Worth Zoo and on loan to us from the San Diego Zoo. a number of animals in the area including alpacas, camels, red Primates of the World also had a birth of a female Goeldi’s monkey. panda and Baird’s tapirs. Research work with our female tapir Eve is These small monkeys are listed as vulnerable in the wild and there are ongoing. Staff continues to take blood pressure readings to provide only about 400 of them in zoos worldwide. We have two successful base-line information on tapirs, as well as to monitor Eve’s health. breeding groups, one in Primates of the World and the other in the Apes of Africa and Primates of the World Small Mammal Building. In January, amid heavy snows, the installation of the new bonobo With gains come losses, and we were saddened to lose one of our outdoor chute system began in earnest. Wanting to preserve female macaques on Macaque Island. Her name was Kate, and she our wonderful wooded area, we planned and developed a was 22 years old. Her passing reduces our macaque population to system of chutes, approximately 500 feet in total length, 11, four males and seven females. Another loss, but on a happier note, winding through the trees. Despite the additional pre- was the transfer of our five year old siamang, Lucu. He went to the cautions that had to be taken to protect the woods, Dickerson Park Zoo in Springfield, Missouri to be paired with construction progressed at a steady rate. Finally, a female for breeding. toward the end of May, the bonobos were given access to their new area. Despite some initial Also during the year, Primates of the World went digital apprehension, the troop rapidly explored and as our apes started to use and enjoy iPads. We were accepted their new enclosure. Incorporating fortunate to have four iPads donated to us from two towers, which rise to nearly 30 feet above several individuals, and we’re grateful for their the ground, the new exhibit allows the bono- generosity. The orangutans have shown the bos to run, climb, exercise and view their most interest, and look forward to their iPad surroundings. They also can watch or sessions, whether it is finger painting or watch- chase our train as it passes nearby. Most ing video or pictures of themselves and other importantly, it allows our guests to see species. Media outlets from around the world bonobos at various levels in the forest. have called and requested more information, along with interviews. The purpose of the iPads, In conjunction with the new outdoor exhibit, like all enrichment tools, is to enhance the quality new interactive graphics were installed near of the animals’ lives. the indoor exhibit. These graphics inform our visitors of the latest news regarding bonobos Naku Photo by Richard Brodzeller 13 Our animal care staff members have spent years diligently working In July, our cotton-top tamarin pair had a set of twins. This small with the great apes (bonobos, gorillas and orangutans) at our Zoo monkey is listed as critically endangered in the wild. Also, just like using positive reinforcement training techniques. As a result, we’ve the pair in Primates of the World, the Goeldi’s monkey pair here become a premier facility for the study of the physiology and behav- had a female offspring in August. Our vampire bat collection grew ior of these endangered animals. The apes willingly participate in this year due to seven births in the colony. cognitive behavioral studies, ultrasound studies of the heart and For the first time in more than 20 years, we have pottos in our collec- fetal development and medical care procedures. These procedures tion. The male arrived in January and the female arrived in April. and studies occur with a safety mesh barrier between the staff and We are currently only one of four zoos in North America to hold this the apes. The apes’ participation is completely voluntary and without species. The pairing was successful, and in December we had our first restraint. They readily participate, and they can end the training and ever birth of a potto. The mother did not accept the infant, so he is behavioral study sessions or examinations at any time. being hand-reared by Zoo animal care staff. We hope to reintroduce Small Mammals the young potto with his mother. This is a very notable birth in that The Small Mammal Building saw some significant changes in its there are only about 15 pottos in captivity worldwide. collection in 2011. In February, our fennec fox pair had a litter of Other arrivals included a female three-banded armadillo in January kits, the first for both parents. Unfortunately, only one of three kits and a female black-footed cat, Josie, in October. The armadillo is here survived and he had to be hand-reared due to physical abnormalities. for breeding purposes and the black-footed cat, which is a solitary species in the wild, is here for exhibit and educational purposes. Josie Our cotton-top tamarin with one of the twins. replaces our former black-footed cat, Kalahari, who died due to kidney and heart disease.

Finally, our young male fennec fox born in February was sent to the St. Louis Zoo for future breeding with a female. Having been hand-reared, he endeared himself and was a favorite with many of the staff. He will be missed, but it is reassuring that he will receive very good care in his new home. Northwestern Mutual Family Farm The year 2011 brought us the return of the World Bird Sanctuary’s Bird of Prey show, in addition to a new show in the area, the Kohl’s Wild Theater. In between these engaging and educational presentations, we continue to offer “interactive” opportunities for our guests using our domestic animals that call the Family Farm their home. There’s always something happening “down on the Farm.”

During the year, four calves were born: in April, our brown Swiss, Molly, gave birth to a bull calf; in June, Fiona, our red and white Holstein, gave birth to heifer 14 Munchkin Dairy Farm, donated by Northwestern Mutual Foundation Ellie; in October, Katie, our Ayrshire, gave birth to heifer Pearl; and Animal Health Programs in November, our black and white Holstein gave birth to a bull calf. The veterinary staff at the Animal Health Center is responsible We don’t keep our bull calves at the Farm, as we run a dairy opera- for the preventive animal health and nutrition programs, and the tion, so they live with local farmers when they are old enough to medical care of the entire collection. leave the Zoo. The staff includes two full-time staff veterinarians, three veterinary We returned the cow and elephant climbing statues to the public technicians, a hospital supervisor and a medical records secretary. area, as they are big hits with the guests. They are now placed Some of the procedures performed in 2011 included: 407 anesthetic where they’re safely enjoyed by ever yone. procedures, 502 blood samples collected for a variety of analyses, Family Farm upgrades during the year included: a new Munchkin 1,198 parasite exams run on 610 samples, 2,063 written prescrip- Farm, donated by Northwestern Mutual Foundation, designed for pre- tions, 266 radiographic procedures including 12 CT scans on various schoolers, installed in our Octagon Barn; and replacement fencing animals, two MRI examinations, and 3,187 medical record entries for the beef cattle, horses and pigs, giving the animals more space to for 597 individual animals representing 207 species. roam while sprucing up the Farm’s appearance. Planning also began During 2011, an average of 11 animals per night were housed at the for additional changes slated to occur in 2012. hospital throughout the year, for a total of 3,842 patient-days. Many of these were new animals kept in quarantine before releasing them 15 to the main zoological collection, including two rhea (a large flightless bird species that has not been in the Zoo collection for nearly a decade) and two young bongo. Other hospital residents were being treated for a variety of illnesses. One memorable clinical case treated in 2011 was Damara the chee- tah. Damara spent approximately five months at the hospital for chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and side effects associated with necessary medications. After we successfully treated the side effects, and obtained good control of the IBD, he was returned to Big Cat Country and was back on exhibit. The Animal Health Center also is a renowned teaching hospital for zoo veterinary medicine. Both the Zoo Bongo pathology fellow program and the clinical medicine residency continued in collab- oration with the University of Wisconsin-Madison School A large number of veterinary procedures took place in 2011. of Veterinary Medicine. The clinical residency program us with information crucial to managing our collection. Our fifth is a three-year program that pathology fellow (since the program’s inception in 1997) began in provides specialty training in August 2010, and joined our team after having finished a two-year zoo and exotic animal medi- residency in general pathology at the University of Connecticut. cine. We currently have The previous resident successfully completed her residency and two residents, one just went on to Washington State University as a Ph.D. candidate. completing his third In addition to the three post-graduate veterinary programs, the year, and the other in veterinary staff also conducts a zoo-animal medicine preceptor her first year. The clini- program for veterinary students. The students spend between four cal residents alternate and eight weeks at the Zoo. their time at the Zoo, each spending approximately four Our staff veterinarians continued to perform their duties as veter- months during the year at the Zoo. inary advisors to the Humboldt penguin, bonobo, and ring-tailed lemur Species Survival Plans and as adjunct instructors at the The pathology program offers UW-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine. specialized training to pathologists interested specifically in zoo and exotic animal pathology, and provides

16 The ARKS information includes primary data such as common and taxonomic name, parents (whether at our Zoo or at another facility), date and place of birth, gender and the circumstances of acquisition such as birth, loan, purchase, or donation. Similar facts are recorded when the animal leaves the Zoo, such as the name of the recipient zoo, the date of transfer and terms of the contract or the circumstances of death. Identifying characteristics or marks, all background information, measurements, behavior, breeding management, enclosure informa- tion, behavioral enrichment, training, diet/feeding, development and medical notes and procedures all are data recorded in the animal’s record. Animal medical information also is vital to the care of the animal collection. The Medical Animal Records Keeping System, known as MedARKS, is a database that utilizes information stored in ARKS, creating a detailed medical record for each animal containing clinical notes, prescriptions, treatments, cryopreservation records and necropsy details.

Animal Records About once a month, the information in the ARKS database is sent Since the Milwaukee County Zoo opened in 1892, records have been to ISIS (International Species Information System), which links the kept for the almost 20,000 individual animals that have been managed animals’ records as they move between institutions throughout the in the Zoo’s collection. Today, AZA-accredited zoos keep very detailed worldwide zoological community. The merging of these data from up-to-date records for each animal, telling its life story from birth to each zoo enables ISIS members to share information for management death. In addition, our Zoo archives contain ephemeral material includ- of genetic and demographic programs (such as studbooks or cooper- ing animal inventories, old log books, Zoo annual reports, published ative Species Survival Plans) and their own animal collections. The articles, prints, slides, 16mm films and general correspondence. We ISIS central database, located in Minnesota, contains information also maintain unique documents and artifacts from 19th and 20th on 2.3 million animals–almost 15,000 taxa/10,000 species–held in century zoological institutions from six continents. All of this stored more than 840 institutions in 76 countries, as well as some animals information is available to support research. in the wild that are participants in release and relocation projects. We maintain up-to-date records on every animal that arrives at Regulatory Agencies the Zoo. Individual animals are each assigned a unique accession The Milwaukee County Zoo partners with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife number. The animal care staff uses this number to track an individual Service, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Wisconsin Depart- animal’s records so that significant events or changes in its care can ment of Natural Resources, the Milwaukee Area Domestic Animal be documented. All of the information that the animal care staff Control and other agencies. We provide these agencies with expertise observes is reported daily to the registrar, who records the informa- and assistance toward the conservation and protection of animals in tion electronically in a database called the Animal Records Keeping the wild and in captivity. System (ARKS). 17 International treaties and national and state laws regarding animal The Zoo Library maintains the largest collection of zoo ephemera conservation, management, and health and safety result in regulations in the United States. Ephemeral materials are obtained from zoos and permit requirements. Examples of permits received by the Zoo in and aquariums around the world. The Library also has a number of 2011 include: animal-themed art works, including prints, sculptures, and paintings.

International: The Archive preserves materials that are crucial to the 120-year his- Convention on Trade in Endangered Species import permit tory of the Milwaukee County Zoo. This collection includes photos, National: slides, DVDs, VHS cassettes, 16mm films, historic postcards, veteri- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service nary records, and Milwaukee County Zoo historical records on paper Captive Bred Wildlife permit and microfiche. These materials are housed in a climate-controlled Migratory Bird Special Purpose permit environment for preservation purposes. Depredation permit The staff of the Library includes one part-time paid professional Native Endangered Species Recovery permit Librarian who provides reference services, assists in research, U.S. Department of Agriculture maintains the catalog and manages both the Library and Archives Exhibitor Permit collections. The Librarian also works for the Zoological Society as Plant Pests, Noxious Weed, Soil Movement permit the Information Specialist, managing the Society’s photo database U.S. Department of Interior and researching information for exhibit signage and publications. Marine Mammal Protection Act permit In addition, 10 Zoo Pride volunteers assist with Library and State of Wisconsin Archive projects and staff this area. DNR Depredation permit DATCP Johne’s Disease-Free Herd classification DATCP Chronic Wasting Disease-Free Herd classification The Milwaukee County Zoo Library

Library and Archive The Milwaukee County Zoo Library and Archive, located in the Administration Annex in the Northwestern Mutual Family Farm, is a research library that provides information resources to staff of the Milwaukee County Zoo, the Zoological Society of Milwaukee, Zoo Pride volunteers and the public.

The Milwaukee County Zoo Library collection includes books and academic/science periodicals in the following subject areas: zoological science; animal husbandry; management of animals in captivity; animal behavior; animal nutrition; veterinary medicine; wildlife conservation; birds; fishes; invertebrates; mammals; reptiles and amphibians; aquarium management; aquatic life; horticulture; zoological gardens; history of zoological science; zoo administration; and zoo, aquarium and museum exhibits.

18 Conservation and Research Programs Adopt an Ostrich Program/Sahara Conservation Fund (Niger) In 2011, the Zoo managed an ambitious and diverse conservation Madagascar Fauna Group (Madagascar) and research program at local, regional, national and international Humboldt Penguin Artificial Burrow Project (Chile) levels. The Senior Animal Staff, including specialty Curators, staff Humboldt Penguin Education Program (Chile) Veterinarians and the Deputy Zoo Director, develop, implement and Humboldt Penguin Guano Harvest Monitoring (Peru) manage these programs. Front-line animal care staff actively partici- Grenada Frog Study (Grenada) pates in many of these programs. Collaborative efforts with other Grenada Bank Treeboa Study (Grenada) conservation-oriented institutions and agencies are essential to the Grenada Reef Monitoring (Grenada) effectiveness of these efforts. Rock Iguana Conservation (Jamaica) Rock Iguana Conservation (Grand Cayman) In addition to the commitment of Zoo resources and the resources Whooping Crane Recovery Project (U.S.A.) of collaborating institutions, significant funding came from Zoo trust Great Ape Cardiopathology Research (national) funds and the Zoological Society of Milwaukee. Public and private AZA Elephant Welfare Project (national) grants also contributed to the support. Piping Plover Recovery Project (Great Lakes) Ornate Box Turtle Headstart Program (Wisconsin) Conservation and Research Program Butler’s Garter Snake Ecology (Wisconsin) Collaborative Support Migratory and Resident Avifauna Study (Zoo) The Zoo provides funding and/or staff support to selected Hippopotamus Reproductive Hormone Study (Zoo) conservation initiatives and research projects. Highlights for Starhead Minnow Spawning Research (Zoo) support in 2011 include: Migratory and Resident Avifauna Study (Zoo) Elephant Reproductive Hormone Study (Zoo) IUCN Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (global) Ape Cognition Study (Zoo) Zoological Information Management System Development (global) Great Ape Cardiovascular Health Study (Zoo) Turtle Survival Program (global) Great Ape Ultrasound Studies (Zoo) Polar Bears International (pan-Arctic) Bonobo Semen Freezing Project (Zoo) International Elephant Foundation (Africa and Asia) Bonobo Cardiac Database (Zoo) International Rhino Foundation (Africa and Asia) Phoenix Fund Amur Tiger Project (Russia) International Snow Leopard Trust (Nepal) The Zoo also provided funding for many collaborative Tree Kangaroo Conservation Program (Papua New Guinea) conservation and research initiatives including: Orangutan Outreach (Sumatra) Avian Scientific Advisory Group Thailand Hornbill Project (Thailand) Penguin Taxon Advisory Group GRASP–Gorilla Conservation Project (Africa) Fennec Fox Conservation Project (North Africa) Great Apes Taxon Advisory Group Bonobo and Congo Biodiversity Initiative (Democratic Republic of Congo) International Species Inventory System Lola Ya Bonobo–bonobo sanctuary (Democratic Republic of Congo) Puerto Rican Crested Toad Species Survival Plan Tarangire Elephant Project (Tanzania) AZA Wildlife Contraception Center Kibale Community Firewood Project (Uganda) Wisconsin Bureau of Endangered Species Herp Fund Berggorilla and Regenwald Direkthilfe Gorilla Project (Rwanda)

19 Species Survival Plans Our Zoo cooperates with all major zoos and aquariums in North America to enhance the survival of endangered species in our collections and in the wild. This is done through Species Survival Plans® of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Groups of zoo scientists and collaborating experts develop breeding plans to help protect the genetic variations of each of these species. Collaborative programs also are developed with range countries to assist in conservation of these animals and their habitats in the wild. The Zoo’s scientific staff also are members of specialist groups devoted to the conservation and management of groups of species. These are called Taxon Advisory Groups (TAGs). The Milwaukee County Zoo participates in all Species Survival Plans and Taxon Advisory Groups that exist for the species in our collection, including: Amphibian TAG Gorilla, Western SSP Rail, Guam SSP Aquatic Invertebrate TAG Monkey, DeBrazza’s SSP Antelope and Giraffe TAG Chelonian TAG Lemur, Ring-Tailed SSP Bear TAG Crocodilian TAG Lemur, Red Ruffed SSP Bison, Buffalo, Cattle TAG Freshwater Fishes TAG Macaque, Lion-Tailed SSP Canid and Hyaenid TAG Lizard TAG Callimico SSP Caprinae TAG Marine Fishes TAG Spider Monkey, Robust Black SSP Deer (Cervid/Tragulid) TAG Snake TAG Orangutan, Sumatran SSP Elephant TAG Alligator, Chinese SSP Tamarin, Cotton-Top SSP Equid TAG Piceata (LV Cichlid) SSP Tamarin, Golden Lion SSP Felid TAG Iguana, Rock SSP Tamarin, Golden-Headed Lion SSP Marine Mammal TAG Rattlesnake, Aruba Island SSP Tree Kangaroo, Matschie’s SSP Marsupial and Monotreme TAG Rattlesnake, Eastern Massasauga SSP Gibbon, Lar (White-Handed) SSP Rhinoceros TAG Toad, Puerto Rican Crested SSP Gibbon, White-Cheeked SSP Tapir TAG Lip, Two Stripe White (LV Cichlid) SSP Orangutan, Bornean SSP Wild Pig, Peccary and Hippo TAG Ishmaeli (LV Cichlid) SSP Spider Monkey, Central American SSP Eland, Common and Cape SSP Melanopterus (LV Cichlid) SSP Lemur, Black and White Ruffed SSP Giraffe, Reticulated and Rothschild SSP Degeni (LV Cichlid) SSP Colobus, Guereza SSP Hyena, Spotted SSP Perrieri (LV Cichlid) SSP Monkey, Patas SSP Kangaroo, Red SSP Argens (LV Cichlid) SSP Macaque, Japanese SSP Kudu, Greater SSP Ape TAG Penguin, Humboldt SSP Sea Lion, California SSP Bat TAG Charadriiformes TAG Seal, Harbor SSP Marsupial and Monotreme TAG Ciconiiformes/ Phoenicopteriformes TAG Warthog SSP New World Primate TAG Columbiformes TAG Zebra, Plains SSP Old World Monkey TAG Coraciiformes TAG Bear, Polar SSP Pangolin, Aardvark, Xenarthra TAG Galliformes TAG Bongo, Eastern SSP Prosimian TAG PACCT TAG (Passerines) Cheetah SSP Rodent, Insectivore, Lagomorph TAG Parrot TAG Elephant SSP Small Carnivore TAG Piciformes TAG Hippopotamus SSP Mandrill SSP Raptor TAG Jaguar SSP Bear, Polar SSP Ratite and Tinamiformes TAG Leopard, Snow SSP Bonobo SSP Turaco and Cuckoo TAG Lion SSP Cat, Black-Footed SSP Vulture, King SSP Panda, Red SSP Colobus, Angolan SSP Vulture, King SSP Rhinoceros, Eastern Black SSP Lemur, Mongoose SSP Hornbill, Rhinoceros SSP Tiger, Amur SSP Fox, Fennec SSP Kingfisher, Micronesian SSP Tree Kangaroo, Matschie’s SSP Siamang SSP Mynah, Bali SSP 20 Siamang 21 Individual conservation and Research Projects

Piping Plover Part of this study continues today with the installation of artificial The Milwaukee County Zoo continues to support the efforts of burrows to provide more sturdy nests that can better resist flooding the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) biologists in and destruction than the natural dirt burrows. In 2009 and 2010, 35 Michigan, sending staff to help with the monitoring of nests, collect- artificial burrows were placed on the island. The artificial burrows ing of abandoned or threatened eggs and the incubation and rearing were placed in areas where the natural burrows have disappeared, of chicks. Eggs and chicks are brought to the University of Michigan and were monitored to see if the penguins would use them. In 2010, Biological Field Station and are hatched and raised for re-release into the first breeding pair with eggs was observed, and in 2011, the first the wild. These activities support the long-term commitment by our successful hatching and fledging of chicks was observed. This is a Zoo concerning the conservation of the piping plover. very significant and encouraging event. Also in 2011, the Zoo contributed funding to support the upcoming The Great Lakes population of the piping plover was listed as endan- Guano Harvest Monitoring Project taking place in Punta San Juan gered in 1986 with only 17 nesting pairs. Its decline is attributed to (PSJ), Peru in 2012. Volunteers from our Zoo and around the world habitat loss and degradation due to the encroachment of humans on are heading to PSJ to monitor and mitigate the amount of distur- its nesting environment, which includes beaches, inland lakes, and bance created by the miners who harvest the seabird guano for rivers. Nest disturbance and predation, largely due to the presence use as commercial fertilizer. Through the efforts of the volunteers, of humans, also the impact of harvesting is minimized. The program also includes Whooping has contributed crane an educational program for the miners and local population about to the population’s sustainable practices regarding the use and harvesting of the guano, steady decline. helping to ensure successfully nesting penguins in the future. Zoo staff has participated in Whooping Crane Recovery the development of captive husbandry The Zoo assists the International Crane Foundation (ICF) and the protocols and designated research projects U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service with whooping crane recovery by acting designed to benefit wild populations of piping as a medical care location for injured whooping cranes that were part plovers. In 2011, there were 55 nesting pairs of of the release program. In 2006, a juvenile whooping crane, Torch, plovers that produced 71 fledging chicks, and was received with a broken wing. This injury prevented the bird from an additional 16 chicks were captive-reared ever being released into the wild. In 2008, we received a female, Tiki, and released. who will hopefully serve as a mate for Torch, once they establish the Humboldt Penguin bond necessary for reproductive success. The Milwaukee County Zoo has a long and The Whooping Crane Recovery Program is responsible for bringing storied history with the conservation of back the number of wild cranes from a low of 16 individuals in the Humboldt penguins in their native range, 1940s to more than 430 individuals currently in the wild. The which is restricted to the coasts of Peru International Crane Foundation uses donated funds to aid in the cap- and Chile. In 1994, the Zoo initiated a tive-rearing, release and management of wild cranes and to develop long-term research program to study a new release techniques to bolster the existing population. In addition, breeding colony of Humboldt penguins the organization provides outreach programs to educate the public in Algarrobo, Chile. about the plight of the cranes. 22 Migratory and Resident Avifauna Grenada Frog Study/Collision Abatement The Grenada frog was once widespread on the island nation of Zoo staff and volunteers are mist-netting and banding wild birds Grenada. During the late 1880s, a related frog species, Johnstone’s on Zoo grounds to determine the numbers and species that use our frog, was introduced. Since that time, Johnstone’s frog has spread grounds as a stopover site during migration. Since its inception in throughout the island and the Grenada frog has retreated to small 2001, this project has identified 172 species of native migratory birds. isolated pockets (seven square miles) in the mountain rainforests. Of these identified species, 27 are listed as rare, threatened, or of In 2004, our Zoo, the Milwaukee Public Museum, and the Grenada special concern in Wisconsin, and 42 have been identified as nesting Forestry and National Parks Department initiated a field-study to on Zoo grounds. Because of these remarkable findings, the Wisconsin determine if these two species can successfully coexist. In 2009, the Department of Natural Resources has designated the Milwaukee Racine Zoo joined our efforts. In February of 2009, we noted the County Zoo as a recognized migratory bird stopover habitat. In addi- numbers of frogs observed had dropped for a third consecutive year. tion, bird-banding demonstrations are conducted each year during As a result, frogs were sampled to determine if they were carrying the Zoo’s special Earth Day event, Party for the Planet. Visitors have the deadly frog-killing fungus called chytrid. Unfortunately, the fun- the opportunity to observe the banding process and release birds. gus was found at all of the sampling sites. Chytrid could lead to the extinction of the Grenada frog. The Milwaukee County Zoo and Our Zoo staff and volunteers also are involved with minimizing our collaborators began to develop a Conservation Action Plan for the amount of injury and mortality associated with bird and window the frog in 2010. In 2011, it appeared that the frog populations in collisions by actively modifying existing structures to mitigate strikes. Grenada had stabilized. Continued monitoring will be necessary to By applying stencils, striping, silhouettes and decals, as well as using verify this observation. netting and better planting practices, we are reducing the amount of bird-related mortality as a result of window collisions. The Milwaukee County Zoo also is committed to educating the community about migratory birds by placing several different types of feeders throughout the Zoo, planting native species of plants that Ornate box turtle provide cover and food for migratory birds and providing viewing at our Birds Without Borders boardwalk. Ornate Box Turtle This year, the Zoo raised 24 endangered ornate box turtles to be released into a wild prairie remnant in south central Wisconsin. In 1996 and 1997, the Zoo developed raise-and-release procedures for this highly successful program of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. During a single winter at the Zoo, these turtles may grow from a one-third ounce hatchling to as much as five ounces. In the wild, it may take as long as seven years to reach this size, at which time they are practically predator-proof. The Racine Zoo also participates in this program, and the Nature Conservancy has adopted its protocols to help increase ornate box turtle populations in its Wisconsin reserves. As of June 2011, more than 1,000 turtles were released. Of these, our Zoo raised 312 turtles. 23 Grenada Bank Treeboa and Jamaica. Also, through observations and radio tracking, data has The Grenada Bank treeboa is only found on the islands in the been collected for the first time on the habits of these rare species from Grenada Bank. Although widespread, populations seem to be both raised-and-released iguanas and free-ranging wild individuals. decreasing on the island of Grenada. Our Zoo and the Racine In 2011, the Zoo sent a zookeeper to Grand Cayman to cut trails Zoo have been cooperating with the Milwaukee Public Museum and position artificial iguana burrows in a recently acquired natural to conduct research on this treeboa. The Zoo is collaborating with area (Colliers Reserve) in order to prepare the reserve for the release Dr. Marie Rush of St. George’s University (Grenada) in a study to of 92 head-started Grand Cayman blue iguanas. Additionally, a determine the snake’s normal blood parameters and identify the veterinary technician was sent to assist in the health screening of the blood parasites of this species. iguanas intended for the release. More fieldwork is scheduled, and Coral Reef Monitoring in Grenada our Zoo will be sending additional staff to assist fieldworkers with protection of nest sites, nest monitoring, health screenings, and In 2009, our research efforts in the Caribbean expanded to the radio tracking. They also assist with the maintenance of iguana surrounding ocean, as we joined the Wisconsin Lutheran College’s raise-and-release facilities. reef monitoring program in Grenada. In 2010, the Racine Zoo joined our efforts. The purpose of this project is to compare the long-term Butler’s Garter Snakes health of the coral reefs found in Grenada’s marine protected areas The Butler’s garter snake is an endangered species restricted to south- with other areas that receive no protection. We hope to demonstrate eastern Wisconsin. In 2007, the Wisconsin Department of Natural the economic benefits of protected areas to the tourist industry and Resources brought together developers, land owners, our Zoo and fishing communities of Grenada. In May of 2011, data from the other conservation organizations to develop a management plan for first three years of this project were presented at the meeting of this species. This plan identified numerous gaps in our knowledge the Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean. The that were crucial to the development of a successful plan. As a result, response from the audience was enthusiastic, as there are very the Zoo joined hands with the Urban Ecology Center at Riverside few data-intensive, long-term studies of Caribbean reefs. Park to seek answers to several questions. What is the dispersal Rock Iguanas distance of the snakes? What is the population density of the snakes in Riverside Park? How fast do they grow? Our Zoo has been a longtime supporter of rock iguana conservation in the genus Cyclura. Since 2003, this support has increased with the These studies involve radio tracking, finding and capturing snakes and addition of fieldwork studies of the Grand Cayman blue iguana and marking them for individual identification. Hundreds of hours were Jamaican iguana. Blue iguanas are one of the most endangered lizard spent on this research during the year, and several additional seasons species in the world. of work will be needed to adequately address these issues. A 2003 census indicated there might have been as few as 12 Grand Starhead Topminnows Cayman blue iguanas in the wild. Because of the efforts of several Starhead topminnows are an endangered fish species in Wisconsin. zoos, including ours, the population is now estimated to number Although there have been a few cases of successful captive reproduc- more than 200. The Jamaican iguana was once thought to be extinct tion in the private sector, there are no reports of breeding in zoos in the wild, and is still very much in peril. or aquariums. Several pairs were collected in July 2007 with the Our Zoo has participated in the fieldwork for these collabora- intent of developing spawning techniques that could be used by tive efforts, resulting in successful releases of captive-hatched, the Wisconsin DNR should a captive breeding program become a raised-and-released iguanas back into the wilds of Grand Cayman necessity. One or two pairs have been collected each year since, in 24 order to maintain the genetic diversity of the captive population Program Management held at the Zoo. Fishes from this program have been sent to the Zoo staff members hold management positions in national and inter- Urban Ecology Centers in Milwaukee and other aquariums or national programs through the Association of Zoos and Aquariums nature centers for display purposes. and other conservation entities. These management positions include: Great Ape Ultrasound Studies • Veterinary Advisor: Bonobo SSP, Ring-tailed Lemur SSP, For more than 15 years, Zoo staff and volunteer medical professionals Humboldt Penguin SSP, Ape TAG have performed ultrasound studies on our great apes. As a result of • Chairperson: Humboldt Penguin SSP extensive positive reinforcement training by our staff, the great • Vice-chair: Humboldt Penguin SSP apes voluntarily participate in these painless studies–without restraints, • AZA Delegate: Convention on International Trade of sedation or anesthesia. The animals look forward to these procedures Endangered Species and willingly cooperate. The ultrasound studies include heart studies • AZA Accreditation Team Members of bonobos, gorillas and orangutans and fetal development studies • Steering Committee: Ape TAG, Sphenisciformes TAG, Humboldt of bonobos. Our Zoo has been the first in the world to do these types Penguin SSP, Institutional Data Management Advisory Group, of studies with the great apes. Veterinary Advisor Group, Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake SSP, Great Ape Cardiovascular Health Research Great Ape Heart Project In 2011, our Zoo continued the comprehensive study of great ape • SSP Manager/Studbook Keeper: Yellow-backed Duiker, cardiovascular health, initiated by a national workshop our Zoo Red Kangaroo, Rockhopper Penguin hosted in 2009. The Great Ape Heart Project was funded by a • Management Group: Bonobo SSP, Rhinoceros Hornbill SSP, start-up grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Sciences. Humboldt Penguin SSP The workshop launched a concerted effort to identify the causes, • American Association of Zoo Veterinarians: Treasurer and to enhance our ability to prevent and treat these diseases. Zoo • Academy of Veterinary Zoological Medicine Technicians: President staff, in conjunction with medical consultants and a graduate conser- • Scientific Advisor–Urban Ecology Center vation student, has developed the Bonobo Cardiovascular Database, archiving and analyzing ultrasound studies performed on bonobos Presentations/Publications at zoos throughout North America. The Animal Division staff delivers more than 1,000 formal presenta- tions and innumerable informal presentations to the visiting public Other Studies and Research every year. In addition, Zoo staff develop programs, publish articles The Zoo staff participates in many other scientific studies and collabo- and research papers and deliver presentations locally, regionally and rative research projects. A few examples from 2011 that have been internationally to contribute to conservation efforts. or are intended to be published include: treatment of epilepsy in great apes; reproductive hormones in elephants, rhinoceros and hippopota- Facilities and Improvements mus; fecal markers for nutritional studies; identification of a disease In addition to the exhibit improvements described previously, agent in a brown bear; fetal development in bonobos; blood group a considerable number of infrastructure projects were planned or types in bonobos; hypertension in bonobos; cognitive studies of completed in 2011. Most of these are not noticed by the public, bonobos; corticosteroids in rhinoceros; and obstructive jaundice but are critical for the continued operation of the Zoo. The projects in macaques. included: animal life support systems, heating, ventilating, electrical and plumbing upgrades, roof replacements and other renovations.

25 Administration and Finance

Background and 2011 Review receivable and entered financial transactions into the general ledger. During the year, significant effort was put toward utilizing the auto- This Section oversees the following: Cash Management, Financial mated purchasing function in the point-of-sale system. The item and Capital Project Planning, Accounts Payable and Receivable, master was streamlined, and vendor contract information was Personnel and Payroll, General Office Services (including coordination entered to facilitate ordering of the necessary concessions and of security, emergency medical support, reception and switchboard, catering items. Effective coordination of travel requests and radio dispatch and clerical support), Information Technology, expenditures continues to help the Zoo minimize these costs. Employee Safety and Training and oversight of the Zoo’s Green Com- mittee. The Section also completed and submitted the 2011 year-end Information Technology financials. The Zoo ended the year with a tax levy deficit of $1,924,622 Information Technology functions were provided by Zoo staff, and had an increase of $163,011 in the Zoo trust funds. Milwaukee County’s Department of Administration–Information Cash Management Management Services (IMSD) and outside consultants. At the end of 2011, a new position was filled through IMSD to directly support the This area’s responsibilities include reconciliation of cash receipts to Zoo. The Zoo has continued to partner with a variety of IMSD techni- our point-of-sale system, preparation of the bank deposits, prepara- cal staff resources to assist primarily with the point-of-sale, inventory tion of cash register starting banks and daily support of the cashiers and event management systems. The IMSD staff helped control the for change and deposits of funds, processing of contract ride revenues Zoo’s expenses by troubleshooting most register issues for the system and improved monitoring of cashier discrepancies. At the end of 2011, on site, rather than contacting an outside vendor for support. the Cash Room’s currency counter and cash counting software were replaced since the former equipment and software could no longer The Zoo continued improving its monitoring of financial information be supported. through point-of-sale and Milwaukee County financial systems. Usage of the Internet Supply Store was enhanced for the Commissary, and Financial and Capital Project Planning and Control inventory modifications began for the Stockroom and resale items. This Section involves coordination of the budget process. Balancing the budget is challenging when support is reduced, while service, Staff attended the point-of-sale conference during the spring, as well as entertainment values are expected to be maintained, and allowing for a greater understanding of the system and new revenue sources are explored and priorities re-evaluated. New networking opportunities. ride venue contracts were negotiated during the year. Financial reporting and analysis continued to be performed on a daily, monthly Green Committee and annual basis, with comparisons to the budget as well as to the The Milwaukee County Zoo has implemented recycling programs previous year. Revenue sharing contracts were improved to enhance and conservation-minded projects for many years. Recycling efforts vendor accountability. include cell phones, printer cartridges, aluminum cans, light bulbs, food and motor oils, scrap metals, restaurant cups, plastic bottles Accounting (Accounts Payable and Receivable) and paper and coffee grinds. The Zoo’s energy savings program During 2011, Accounts Payable and Receivable processed contracts, of upgraded electrical, natural gas, water and sewer infrastructure purchasing requisitions and receipts, monitored the credit card system, continues to produce savings in utilities. The Zoo also has used reviewed sales documentation, prepared invoices, tracked accounts green-friendly practices in building construction and other projects. 26 Human Resources Highlights from 2011 include: The Human Resources Section consists of the Human Resources • Took part in job fairs in Milwaukee County to ensure a diverse Coordinator, Administrative Specialist and a seasonal Payroll Assis- work force tant. Responsibilities include coordinating and performing a variety • Worked together with the Milwaukee County Department of technical and professional personnel-related tasks. General duties of Human Resources to process applications and hire Zoo performed entail managing the payroll and human resources function Workers and Family Farm Attendants to include grievance handling, recruitment, promotion, training, • Worked together with the Milwaukee County Department disciplinary actions, transfers, employee benefits and departmental of Human Resources to enable the Zoo to advertise current diversity issues. “hot jobs” on the County Web site Also, the Human Resources Coordinator represents the Zoo as • Accomplished most of the 2 011 Diversity Committee goals part of committees; appeal boards, meetings and hearings related and identified tasks for 2012 to various personnel issues. • Assisted in the hiring of five individuals for full-time employment with the Zoo

Solar panels at Zoo admission booths

27 • Worked in cooperation with the Milwaukee County Department procedures. The Section performs routine hazardous waste removal of Human Resources to inform, train and provide guidance and storage and identification audits to ensure compliance with state to Zoo employees regarding Milwaukee County’s time and and federal regulations. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) manage- attendance, payroll, benefits and recruitment system ment, pesticide usage reports and annual Tier II reports are processed Safety and Training and completed by this Section. The Safety and Training Specialist and the assistant are responsible for accident investigation and on-site The Safety and Training Section is comprised of the Safety and security system maintenance along with Zoo Access Control and Training Specialist and a seasonal Training Assistant. This Section is surveillance programming. responsible for instructing Zoo employees in regulatory compliance, customer service, security and emergency response programming State and federal compliance regulations mandate the annual safety and training. The Section also is responsible for maintaining first aid training programming conducted by this Section. In addition to kits, fire extinguishers and emergency chemical exposure stations. In required programming, the Safety Section continues to promote the addition, assessing workplace hazards, developing safe work practices annual Employee Safety and Health Fair, which, this year, included and assigning proper personal protective equipment are tasks assigned the Parks Department. The following topics were presented at the to this Section. 2011 Fair: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Training, Pesticide Exam Review, Forestry American National Standards Institute (ANSI) This Section also coordinates and provides identification badges Review, Safe Food Handling & Preparation, Personal Safety, Live Fire and distributes employee uniforms, and conducts annual seasonal Extinguisher Training, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training orientations, informing Zoo seasonal staff of workplace policies and and Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Training.

The Diversity Committee is a group formed within the parame- African elephant, ters of the Human Resources Section with a primary function Brittany of providing opportunities for better understanding of civil rights by Zoo personnel. The Diversity Committee consists of seven representatives from various Divisions who annually make recommendations concerning equal opportunities for all employees regardless of race, color, sex, sexual orientation, religion, national origin, age, handicap and other non-merit factors. The committee acts as a resource for all Zoo staff by providing information and addressing particular concerns or complaints. Members attend quarterly training sessions that emphasize diversity-related issues in the workplace. Committee members also provide outreach through activities that promote diversity in the workplace.

28 Public Affairs and Services

2011 Highlights Here are a few highlights from the year: The Public Affairs and Services Division consists of four Sections: Samson Stomp & Romp Group Sales, Public Relations, Special Events and Special Programs. January 16 In addition to these areas, the Division is responsible for the overall Sponsored by Gatorade and Pick ’n Save marketing, promotion and advertising of the Zoo. The staff includes: The year 2011 marked the 31st running of this traditional winter a Division Director, four Coordinators, four full-time staff and run/walk held throughout the Zoo grounds. Despite a race tempera- approximately 50 seasonal Zoo Workers. ture of 10 degrees, more than 1,800 participants and 20 teams joined in the festivities, which included a new race course and an Group Sales opportunity to recycle cell phones. During every season of the year, the Zoo is host to hundreds of Attendance: 1,843 corporate, non-profit and private events held throughout the Zoo grounds. The Zoo’s Group Sales Section is responsible for Egg Day contracting and managing these events. April 23 Sponsored by Welch’s and Pick ’n Save In 2011, our most popular rental facilities were renovated, the Peck The day before Easter was “hopping” with activity as our traditional Welcome Center and the Zoofari Conference Center. Renovations holiday event attracted more than 8,300 visitors. Activities for the to the Peck Center included new terrazzo flooring and mechanical kids included an egg hunt along the train tracks, bunny ear making, updates, while the Zoofari Conference Center received a complete an Easter parade, basket making and a “bubblologist.” Our popular update with carpet, paint and new outdoor canopy. “Hop-to-it Bunny Scavenger Hunt” drew 4,000 children and the A hosted event may include a building rental such as the Peck Wel- following animals were a part of the day’s events as they received come Center or Zoofari Conference Center, ideal for the after-hours paper mache’ eggs for enrichment: tigers, elephants, and wolves. corporate party or wedding reception. A picnic area can host groups Attendance: 8,343 of 50 to 5,000, or an entire Zoo grounds rental is also available, in which an organization has exclusive rights to the park.

The Zoo’s Group Sales Section also is responsible for the Children’s Birthday Parties, Group Tours and Advanced and Consignment Ticket Sales that are sold and distributed throughout Wisconsin.

As in past years, Group Sales events and ticket sales continue to have a positive financial impact on the Zoo’s fiscal revenue and attendance budget. Special Events Each year, the Public Affairs and Services Division coordinates more than 16 special events held on Zoo grounds, drawing more than 167,000 visitors. Egg Day 29 Family Farm Weekend of this disease threatening bats. Other activities included a haystack September 10 and 11 maze, bat origami and at train ride turned “Raven’s Rail” that featured Sponsored by Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board pumpkins carved into the shape of Zoo critters. The Zoo’s Northwestern Mutual Family Farm is the highlight of this Attendance: 12,990 autumn event. Activities included a farmer’s market (with vegetables, Special Programs fruit, maple syrup, pumpkins and honey), a mini-tractor pull for chil- The Special Programs Section of the Milwaukee County Zoo is dren and cooking demonstrations (ice cream making, popcorn off the responsible for overseeing these areas: MillerCoors Oceans of Fun cob, lemonade and peanut butter). Milking demonstrations with our Seal and Sea Lion Show, our temporary summer special exhibits, dairy cows, an appearance by Alice in Dairyland and a bluegrass band audiovisual services, outreach activities and the Peck Welcome rounded out the day’s events. Center. In addition, this Section works directly with the Zoological Attendance: 15,557 Society, serving as a liaison for all Zoological Society events taking Boo at the Zoo place at the Zoo. October 21 and 22 Following are the 2011 highlights: This Halloween-themed event focused on bat conservation, including the important role bats play in our natural world and the importance • The MillerCoors Oceans of Fun Seal and Sea Lion Show is a of bat houses. In a special bat outreach area, visitors learned about 20-minute presentation sponsored by MillerCoors, which enter- white nose syndrome and what they can do to help stop the spread tains and educates visitors about seals and sea lions through a live animal show. The shows generated more than $120,000 in revenue for the year. • Also during the summer, the Zoo presented a live butterfly exhibit The MillerCoors Oceans of Fun with the exhibition “Butterflies! In Living Color, sponsored by Seal and Sea Lion Show Sendik’s Food Markets. The tropical exhibit was displayed May 28 through September 25, and attracted 149,520 visitors. The Special Programs Section coordinated and supervised staff for the exhibit. • The Special Programs Section continued its partnership with the Zoological Society, serving as a liaison to facilitate all of the Soci- ety’s events that took place on Zoo grounds. This partnership serves to strengthen the overall relationship between the Zoo and the Zoological Society. • Finally, Zoo operations were enhanced by the efforts of the Audiovisual Section. Areas served included: the Animal Division, Public Relations, Group Sales and Special Events. Photos, videos and visual presentations were used for newspaper and magazine articles, animal identification, Zoo Web site, marketing and pro- motional campaigns, collateral pieces and the audiovisual needs for Group Sales clients.

30 Media Relations The opening of our new Sky Trail® Wisconsin Adventure Zone In 2011, the Zoo received positive media coverage from broadcast, garnered its own media attention. This popular new attraction was print and electronic media outlets. featured in the Wauwatosa community newspaper, WauwatosaNOW, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, and local television stations, WTMJ, Following are a few media highlights from the year: WISN, WDJT and FOX-6. Many of these stories featured actual • Our new permanent Bonobo Exhibit received positive media reporters testing their skills on these new Zoo adventures! coverage, both in print and electronic media. The opening was featured in the Journal Sentinel, as well as on WTMJ Radio. Milwaukee Public Radio also featured the new exhibit on their A sampling of 2011 media clips public affairs program, “Lake Effect.” Our community newspaper, WauwatosaNOW, also wrote a feature on the new exhibit and what it represents to our endangered bonobo troop. • As previously mentioned, our work with orangutans and iPads as enrichment was covered internationally by a large number of media outlets. The coverage focused on the fact our Zoo was the first zoological institution to use these devices as enrichment for the animals. Stories appeared in the following electronic and print outlets, among others: Science Macleans “BBC News” “Good Morning America” The Japan Times The London Times

The Zoo was regularly featured on many of the morning news pro- grams, including “Real Milwaukee” on FOX-6 and “Channel 12 News This Morning.” Topics included the MillerCoors Oceans of Fun Seal and Sea Lion Show, a behind-the-scenes look at the Zoo’s Winter Quarters area and a preview of our largest annual special event, The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel a la Carte. Milwaukee Public Radio’s “Lake Effect,” also highlighted a number of happenings at the Zoo on a regular basis throughout the year. Topics ranged from the current plight of wild polar bears through interviews with Polar Bears International President, Robert Buchanan, to bonobo research taking place at our Zoo with well-known primatologist Dr. Sally Boysen and Associate Professor of Psychology at Agnes Scott College, Dr. William Hopkins. 31 Operations 2011 Highlights: • Generated more than 45% of the Milwaukee County Zoo’s total revenue for the year 2011 Highlights • Worked with Creative Employment Opportunities, Inc., The Milwaukee County Zoo’s Operations Department consists of which is designed to assist individuals with special needs to the following Divisions: Visitor Services, Concessions and Catering, enter the workplace and increase their level of self-esteem Grounds and Horticulture, Maintenance and Trades, Custodial, and independence Merchandising and Warehouse and Time and Material/Major • Provided staff support for all events that occurred during regular Maintenance/Capital Project Construction Management. Zoo hours or after-hours events in conjunction with the Group Following are the 2011 highlights Sales, Public Affairs, Education and Zoological Society Divisions from the Operations Division: Merchandising Visitor Services The Merchandise Section at the Zoo employs one full-time Manager This Section greets guests entering the Zoo providing them with and approximately 45 seasonal Zoo Workers. The Section is responsi- essential information for their visit. In 2011, the Visitor Services ble for all aspects of the merchandise operation. This includes staff admitted more than 1.2 million visitors to the Zoo. This purchasing, pricing, displaying and selling of all merchandise. Section’s responsibilities include: collecting fees for admission, Currently, we have nine seasonal locations and two year-round parking, operating the miniature train, carousel and zoomobile gift shops on Zoo grounds. rides and assisting individuals with lost family members or misplaced The economy of 2011 created new challenges for Merchandising, vehicles. Groups with special needs also are accommodated through as visitors were looking for more value for their money. We saw a various discounted rates for admission, rides and attractions. This shift in sales from plush and toys to books and T-shirts. Due to the Section also operates stroller rentals, dog kennels, camel and pony integrity and responsibility of seasonal Zoo Workers, we were able rides and the mold-a-rama machines. The Visitor Services Division to generate just under $1.6 million in sales which made our profit is comprised of two full-time Managers, two full-time Train Engineers just under $1 million. Although this was not our biggest sales year, and as many as 60 seasonal employees. it was our most profitable by percentage of costs to sales.

Zoomobile In August, the Zoo saw the addition of the Skytrail® Wisconsin Ad- venture Zone, which consists of a ropes course, zip line and climbing wall. When it opened, Skytrail® set a national record at our venue as the busiest zip line and ropes course. Additional revenue sources also set record profits in face painting, temporary tattoos, entrance photos, and medallion machines. Supervisors in our Group Sales Section also helped generate record gift sales selling to picnics, birthday parties, and other group events. Next summer, we look forward to generating additional revenue with the addition of a photo booth, non-food vending machines, updated medallion machines, and our Dinosaur Exhibit. A new garden gift shop and a larger store at the Dinosaur Exhibit with a fossil mining area also will help to generate revenue. 32 Every year, the Horticultural section We have also continued to work with area schools and partners to Every year, the Horticultural section plants tens of thousands of plants hire transitional employees who have a range of cognitive disabilities. and flowers. The program has been two-fold by giving the employees work experi- ence, and the staff also gives encouragement to their co-workers by their kindness and ambition to work. This program is slated to continue into the future. Grounds and Horticulture The Horticultural Section is part of the Buildings and Grounds Sec- tion. Comprised of two full-time staff employees and nine seasonal employees, they help to make the Zoo grounds colorful and attractive for our visitors. Our pleasing grounds were accomplished in many ways, but the overall goal is to maintain our 200 acres of landscape. 2011 Horticultural Highlights • Transplanted 100 trees and shrubs, 150 perennials, 35,000 annual plants, from spring pansies to summer annuals and fall mums • Created a large expanse of new turf space from areas once infested with buckthorn or eroded due to lack of vegetation • Identified and helped distribute browse to supplement animal diets • Watered, fertilized and maintained six topiaries, 40 flower beds, 55 perennial areas, 60 shrub areas, 280 containers, 5,000 square feet of greenhouse space and nearly10 acres of turf space • Decorated 15 Christmas trees for the holiday season and redesigned decorative themes to suit upgraded interior design of Peck Welcome Center and Zoofari Conference Center rental spaces • Helped in the preparation of Halloween special event displays and helped carve 300 pumpkins • Performed annual trimming work in the Aviary and Primate Building in order to maintain tropical plants at sustainable indoor growing conditions • Helped create the temporary Butterfly Exhibit involving construc- tion of wall paneling, stone block planting spaces and upkeep of a combination of 1,500 artificial plants, live tropical foliage plants and pesticide-free greenhouse-grown nectar plants • Assisted in the selection of plants to incorporate into storm-water recapture/filtration planning beds at drive-in gate, Aviary pond and Wolf Woods Exhibit 33 • Planted sample plots of a new type of forage grass with enhanced Stockroom Operations nutritional qualities for outdoor Moose and Reindeer Yards The year 2 011 was a transitional one for the Stockroom; this came • Nurtured spare bare-root saplings remaining from our Party for with the hiring of a new supervisor. The operation consists of one the Planet special event for future use in native area restoration full-time Supervisor and eight seasonal employees. The Stockroom’s main responsibility is to support all of the revenue-generating areas. Maintenance The nine employees from the warehouse are pivotal in generating A considerable amount of infrastructure work is completed each the $19 million in revenue. Their functions include: ordering, rotating, year. Most projects are not noticed by the public, but are critical in delivering, tracking and controlling millions of dollars in inventory for the day-to-day operations of the Zoo. Maintaining the buildings, the restaurants, catering services and Group Sales events at the Zoo. grounds, exhibits and public areas are vital to daily operations. For the Merchandising Section, the Stockroom controls hundreds of Behind-the-scenes electrical, plumbing and general maintenance thousands of dollars in inventory. The staff is responsible for all of include operation of HVAC and Metasys interface computer boards, the receiving, pricing, slotting and delivery of the merchandise. repairing animal exhibits, hanging event banners for special events The employees work closely with all departments within the Zoo, in- and maintaining lighting, which includes eco-friendly lamps to help cluding the Zoological Society. All FedEx, UPS or semi-truck packages reduce the impact on the environment and reduce utility costs. Also, are received here and delivered throughout the Zoo. The Stockroom this Section handles emergency calls on a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week also bags and delivers ice for all restaurants and events in the Zoo. schedule, sets up general events and handles landscaping and Being a food distribution facility, the staff also ensures that all health construction project management. codes are followed and maintains a clean safe work environment. 2011 Construction Project Highlights: Custodial • Replacement of fencing in Family Farm The Custodial Section is responsible for keeping buildings clean • Installation of rain gardens for both our visitors and staff. Custodians also work with vendors • Electrical upgrade at the Animal Health Center and event managers, from small companies to large corporations, • Zoofari Conference Center interior remodel along with the Group Sales Section. The Section works to ensure that the event plans and preparation requests are met for each • Construction of Butterfly Exhibit featuring a customized client’s function. indoor greenhouse at Special Exhibits Building • Numerous compressor replacements Concessions and Catering • Repainted exterior at the Animal Health Center The Concessions and Catering Section provides our guests • Manhole repair/replacements throughout the park with service, snacks, and food and beverages while visiting the • Roof replacement work at Family Farm Annex Building Zoo. The staff consists of 175 diverse, seasonal employees and two full time Food Service Professionals. • Hot water heater, pumps and motor replacements • Installation of concrete permeable pavers throughout park • Zoo Terrace renovation • Peck Welcome Center floor replacement • Peck Welcome Center rooftop HVAC equipment replacement • Primate Building roof replacement

34 Carousel 35 Operating Expenses (Financials) Zoological Department (Unaudited)

2011 Adjusted Budget 2011 Actual Year-to-Date Variance ( ) = Deficit REVENUES Total Admissions $6,484,357 $4,366,237 ($2,118,120) Less Group Sales $1,580,207 $940,074 ($640,133) Net Operational Admissions $4,904,150 $3,426,164 ($1,477,986)

Concessions $4,256,353 $3,772,454 ($483,899) Catering $150,648 $137,163 ($13,485) Novelties $1,903,675 $1,534,937 ($368,738) Parking $2,878,447 $2,604,884 ($273,563) Special Exhibit Admissions $350,704 $216,709 ($133,996) Sea Lion Show $195,819 $125,335 ($70,485) Vending Machine Commissions $313,400 $226,599 ($86,801) Strollers $130,000 $97,959 ($32,041) Animal Rides $60,000 $41,443 ($18,557) Total Group Sales $2,474,811 $1,668,955 ($805,856) Carousel $221,252 $177,333 ($43,920) SkyRide $251,722 $139,578 ($112,144) Society Memberships $238,771 $449,038 $210,267 Donations $206,000 $195,728 ($10,272) Other Private Funding $716,115 $716,115 $0 Sponsorships $274,500 $265,279 ($9,221) Miscellaneous Revenue $681,689 $425,582 ($256,107) Performance Contract Escrow $0 $0 $0 Sales Tax ($525,000) ($403,345) $121,655

TOTAL REVENUES $19,683,056 $15,817,908 ($3,865,148)

EXPENDITURES Personnel Services $8,223,093 $7,679,296 $543,797 Fringe Benefits $5,358,750 $5,326,882 $31,868 Contractural Services $5,411,500 $4,944,248 $467,252 Internal Service Charges $1,598,700 $1,502,761 $95,939 Commodities $3,519,803 $2,846,152 $673,651 Depreciation $0 $0 $0 Capital Outlay $598,792 $463,855 $134,937 Other Expenditures $0 $0 $0 TOTAL EXPENDITURES $24,710,638 $22,763,195 $1,947,443

TAX LEVY $5,027,582 $6,945,287 ($1,917,705)

ATTENDANCE 1,350,000 1,233,219 (116,781) 36 Operating Expenses

Zoo Trust Fund (Unaudited)–Railroad Trust

2011 Adjusted Budget 2011 Actual Year-to-Date Variance ( ) = Deficit

REVENUES Zoomobile Revenue $129,501 $62,516 ($66,986) Miniature Train Revenue $660,000 $589,047 ($70,953) Earnings on Investments $21,000 $1,375 ($19,625) Donations and Reserve Contribution $74,590 $704 ($73,886) Other Revenue $93,911 $190,161 $96,250 Sales Tax ($42,278) ($28,267) $14,011

TOTAL REVENUES $936,724 $815,535 ($121,189)

EXPENDITURES Personnel Services $361,358 $304,145 $57,213 Fringe Benefits $82,240 $82,240 $0 Contractual Services $272,328 $162,086 $110,242 Internal Service Charges $3,379 $0 $3,379 Commodities $34,941 $38,389 ($3,448) Conservation Projects $15,000 $0 $15,000 Capital Outlay $170,343 $81,756 $88,587 TOTAL EXPENDITURES $939,589 $668,617 $270,972

NET INCOME (LOSS) ($2,865) $146,919 $149,783

Fund Balance January 1, 2011 $523,621 Net Income $146,919 Fund Balance December 31, 2011 $670,540

37 Operating Expenses

Zoo Trust Fund (Unaudited)–Specimen Trust Fund

2011 Adjusted Budget 2011 Actual Year-to-Date Variance ( ) = Deficit

REVENUES Earnings on Investments $4,249 $583 ($3,666) Animal Sales/Milk Sales $16,200 $19,227 $3,027 Giraffe Experience $26,376 $21,940 ($4,437) Gifts & Donations $1,500 $709 ($791) Other Miscellaneous Revenue $0 $0 $0 Reserve Contribution $0 $0 $0

TOTAL REVENUE $48,325 $42,459 ($5,866)

EXPENDITURES Contractual Services $36,230 $24,978 $11,253 Commodities $12,211 $1,389 $10,822 Internal Service Charges $0 $0 $0 TOTAL EXPENDITURES $48,441 $26,367 $22,074

NET INCOME (LOSS) ($116) $16,092 $16,208

Fund Balance January 1, 2011 $186,613 Net Income $16,092 Fund Balance December 31, 2011 $202,705

ZOO TRUST FUNDS Total Trust Revenue 2011 $857,994 Less Total Trust Expenditures 2011 ($694,983)

2011 NET INCOME (LOSS) $163,011

38 Lion cubs

Photo by Richard Brodzeller 39 THe milwaukee county zoo and the Zoological Society of milwaukee

A Public-Private Partnership than three months. Overall, more than 62,000 visitors partici- pated in Kohl’s Wild Theater through mainstage shows, pathway The mission of the Zoological Society of Milwaukee is to participate plays or mini-performances during the summer 2 011 season. in conserving endangered species, to educate people about the impor- The ZSM also created an outreach program to bring Kohl’s Wild tance of wildlife and the environment, and to support the Milwaukee Theater into schools, festivals and community events in the County Zoo. Milwaukee area throughout the year. Said James Mills, director Zoological Society Support of the Milwaukee County Zoo of the ZSM’s Conservation Education Department, “The use Play was a big theme last year at the Zoo. Whether it was bonobos of theater is a new way for our department to communicate playing, kids playing or performers presenting live plays–the Zoological important messages about wildlife conservation issues, including Society of Milwaukee (ZSM) helped bring significant additions to the elements of the important work done by the Zoo on behalf of Zoo between Oct. 1, 2010, and Sept. 30, 2 011 (the ZSM’s fiscal year). endangered species.” These included: • Bonobo exhibits: For the first time the Zoo’s group of endan- gered bonobos could play in a tree-level exhibit outdoors, running • Kohl’s Wild Theater, presented by the ZSM in partnership through mesh chutes and climbing towers. The new exhibit was with Kohl’s Cares. The ZSM produced seven original,15-minute one of three upgrades to the bonobo areas, all thanks to a gener- plays that were interactive, humorous and fun! And each one had ous gift from an anonymous donor. An upgrade to the indoor a conservation message. Several of the professional plays were Bonobo Exhibit added more tree trunks and climbing ropes to performed five to seven times a day every day at the Zoo for more simulate the vines and trees of their Congo forests. The third Kohl’s Wild Theater upgrade provided dramatic new graphics, videos and interactive displays in the public areas around the indoor Bonobo Exhibit. • Munchkin Dairy Farm: This was yet another play area at the Zoo that was enhanced in 2011 thanks to a grant to the ZSM from Northwestern Mutual Foundation. The ZSM provided $28,800 to completely renovate the Munchkin Dairy Farm in the octagon Dairy Barn. It now includes a hands-on playground with whimsical

Photo by Richard Brodzeller Richard by Photo designs, a child-size barn and truck, and a silo filled with corncobs. “It’s doing a great job of teaching kids about dairy farms,” says Marcia Sinner, the ZSM’s creative director. The Farm has inviting structures for children ages 2 to 6 to climb over, under and in between. Child-friendly signs teach about farm animals and what a farmer does. Nearby, kids can watch live cows being milked.

Besides these three major additions to the Zoo, the Zoological Society has helped animals and the Zoo through many ongoing programs such as its Sponsor an Animal program and Annual Appeal. In May 40 2011, the ZSM and the Zoo jointly created the Center for Bonobo Conservation and Research. This center at the Zoo ties together the bonobo-training efforts and bonobo research at the Zoo with the Bonobo Species Survival Plan and the ZSM’s bonobo research- conservation-education program in Africa. The ZSM’s total Zoo support in 2010-2011 was about $6.4 million (including direct project costs). For a financial summary, see the last page. Here are summaries of various ways the ZSM supported the Zoo.

• Conservation and research: The ZSM spent $659,375, including support of the ZSM’s international bonobo-conservation project in Africa, which helps the Zoo to meet its commitment to conser- vation. As part of the Zoo’s mission and also for accreditation with the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, the Milwaukee County Zoo supports conservation efforts in the field to help endangered species. The ZSM supports the Bonobo Species Survival Plan, headed by the ZSM’s conservation coordinator, Photo by Richard Brodzeller Richard by Photo Dr. Gay Reinartz; that program helps manage the health and Kohl’s Wild Theater breeding success of bonobos in zoos. The ZSM also provided $27, 5 84 to conservation projects proposed by the Zoo, many • Sponsors & grantors: The ZSM acquires sponsors for most of involving Zoo staff. its own events and for most of the Zoo’s major events and attrac- • Exhibits and buildings: The ZSM gave $859,359 in direct cash tions. In 2 010-2 011 the ZSM’s direct cash sponsorship support to support to Zoo exhibits, including $50,000 for the 2 011 special the Zoo was $343,500. Grants to ZSM education programs and summer exhibit: Butterflies!, sponsored by Sendik’s Food Markets. conservation projects brought in $593,333. The ZSM helped provide a new outdoor Bonobo Exhibit and • Veterinary help: The ZSM provided aid to the Zoo’s veterinary major new graphics to the indoor Bonobo Exhibit ($552,702). staff by paying $39,579 for two veterinary residents from the Uni- The ZSM’s annual appeal raised $136,838 to give Belle the Dairy versity of Wisconsin-Madison and $53,055 for a pathology fellow. Cow, a fiberglass Holstein cow in the Zoo’s Dairy Barn, a facelift • Volunteer help: Zoo Pride, the ZSM’s volunteer auxiliary, helped and technical makeover; plus, we created three movies to add with events, provided Zoo guides, supported conservation and to the Dairy Barn theater. Also, the ZSM donated payments did much more to help the Zoo. Of 587 Zoo Pride volunteers, for maintenance contracts on various Zoo buildings and some 423 active members donated 43,590 hours in 2 010-2 011. equipment ($136,482). • Web sites and social media: The ZSM’s Web site, which averaged • Publications: The ZSM produced publications (Alive magazine, 19,782 visits per month in 2010-2 011, provided information about Wild Things, and Platy Press) and other materials that promoted the Zoo, its animals and its staff. The ZSM’s Facebook page and its Zoo events, exhibits and conservation programs. YouTube channel helped promote the Zoo. The ZSM also assisted • Signs, videos, interactive displays, Zoo printed materials, with maintenance of the Zoo’s Web site. special projects: The ZSM’s Creative Department of five artists • Additional cash support: The ZSM provided $119, 6 81 to Zoo and a researcher provides graphics and design support to the projects and $575,153 additional cash support to the Zoo. Zoo as well as to the ZSM. 41 Besides its Annual Appeal, sponsors and grantors, funding for groups that help students with science requirements set by the Wis- the ZSM’s mission came from a variety of sources in fiscal year consin Department of Public Instruction. We also offer curricula and 2010-2011, including: self-guided tours for all school classes visiting the Zoo. In fiscal year • Membership: The ZSM brought in about $4.8 million in 2010-2011, the ZSM served nearly 12,000 people in individual child Zoo Pass memberships. or parent-child classes; 24,967 schoolchildren through ZSM-run pro- grams at the Zoo or presented at schools; and an additional 91,020 • Platypus Society: The ZSM’s annual-giving group donated schoolchildren who used the Zoo as a science laboratory on field trips more than $716,547 in cash or in-kind services to help the Zoo. and had ZSM curriculum available to them during self-directed tours. • Fundraisers run by the ZSM Associate Board: The 28th Programs for schoolchildren were funded in part by gifts from the annual Zoo Ball, sponsored by American Airlines, raised more Ladish Company Foundation; U.S. Bank; Judith Grimes Family Foun- than $390,000. The 22nd annual MillerCoors Birdies and Eagles dation; A.O. Smith Foundation, Inc.; Orth Charitable Lead Trust; Golf Tournament raised $103,452. All other fundraising events and the Posner Foundation. Boy Scouts & Girl Scouts: The ZSM run by the Associate Board–ranging from a Zoo campout to expanded its programs to help children earn badges or patches and a family bike ride–raised $170,069. served 343 Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts. • The ZSM’s animal sponsorship program raised $157,475 to Programming for Disadvantaged Youth: support the Zoo’s animals. 1) The Animal Ambassador program teaches schoolchildren about The Zoological Society’s Education Programs at the Zoo wildlife conservation during a semester, and then they graduate to By offering extensive education programs nearly year-round, the ZSM become ambassadors for animals. Thanks to corporate, foundation helps the Zoo maintain national accreditation by the Association of or civic-group sponsors for each school, ZSM Animal Ambassador Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). In 2 010-2 011, the ZSM’s Conservation and Continuum programs, which serve schools in economically disad- Education Department created a new live theater program–Kohl’s vantaged neighborhoods, reached 712 second-grade students and Wild Theater–in partnership with Kohl’s Cares. This professional 542 third-grade students at 12 schools, and 1,325 fourth-grade theater company produced seven original plays with conservation students at 19 schools. Another 462 students in five schools with messages (see page 40) to perform at the Zoo and for community smaller classes experienced a modified program. outreach programs. Other ongoing Zoological Society education 2) Summer Camps special programs allowed 305 children from five programs included: neighborhood and community centers to attend ZSM 2011 camps, ® Summer Camps: The Zoological Society’s summer camps program thanks to renewed support from U.S. Cellular , the Evinrude Founda- is among the three largest zoo- or aquarium-based camp programs in tion, the Peters Foundation and the Milwaukee Urban League’s Safe the nation. Our 2 011 summer camps drew nearly 11,000 participants: Alternatives for Youth fund. 8,440 children and 2,560 parents in 529 camp sessions. Our summer 3) Big Brothers Big Sisters: The Zoological Society began a collabo- college-student intern program provided 20 students (including three ration with Big Brothers Big Sisters of Metro Milwaukee through its college-student teaching interns) hands-on job training, thanks, in Project Reach program, thanks to funding from U.S. Bank. Twenty part, to generous support from the Alice Kadish Foundation, the children and their paired adults were offered behind-the-scenes Zoo Antonia Foundation, the Jerome and Dorothy Holz Family Foundation, tours, and some also attended a ZSM summer camp on rain forests. and the Brady Corporation. In total, ZSM conservation-education programs served more than September-May Programs: From September through May, the ZSM 225,930 people in fiscal year 2010-’11. offers classes for individuals ages 2-14 as well as programs for school 42 Financial Summary Zoological Society of Milwaukee County (ZSM)–Year ending September 30, 2 011

SUPPORT & REVENUE COST OF SUPPORT AND REVENUE (Support Services) MEMBERSHIP DUES from all Zoological Society MEMBERSHIP DUES and Platypus Society members ...... $5,445,380 Expense of providing benefits to all Zoological Society and Platypus Society members ...... $1,637, 899 CONTRIBUTIONS toward capital projects and specific programs...... $1,157, 369 SPECIAL EVENTS/PROGRAMS Expense of providing and promoting SPECIAL EVENTS PROGRAMS/SPONSORSHIPS ZSM special events/programs...... $400,895 including animal sponsorship, Zoo Ball, education, ZSM and Zoo special events, and sponsorships ...... $2,229,182 TOTAL COST OF SUPPORT & REVENUE (Support Services) ...... $2,038,794 INTEREST INCOME from contributions toward capital projects and specific programs...... $54,549 EXPENSES

GRANTS ...... $593,333 DIRECT PROJECT COSTS Expenses relative to capital projects TOTAL SUPPORT & REVENUE...... $9,479,813 and specific programs...... $605,277 ZOO SUPPORT RECEIPTS Expense of providing, promoting and supporting education, graphics, and conservation programs, special exhibit projects, MEMBERSHIP DUES: 57% 24% and ZSM and Zoo special events; payments to the Zoo for all SPECIAL EVENTS/PROGRAMS: 24% 57% ZSM events; parking for Zoo Pass Plus; and coupons ...... $5,791,486 CONTRIBUTIONS: 13% 13% RESEARCH/CONSERVATION GRANTS: 6% 6% Expenses relating to state, national and international programs supporting species EXPENSES preservation ...... $659,375 ZOO SUPPORT, CAPITAL & GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECT PROJECT COSTS: 67% Expenses relating to daily ZSM operations ...... $369,827 SUPPORT SERVICES: 22% 22% 67%

RESEARCH/CONSERVATION: 7% TOTAL EXPENSES...... $7,425,965 7% GENERAL & ADMINISTRATIVE: 4% 4% TOTAL COST OF SUPPORT AND EXPENSES...... $9,464,759 2010-2011 ZSM Cash-Flow Summary Cash at start of the year: ...... $1,162,465 Cash at end of the year: ...... $1,213,419 Net increase in cash: ...... $50,954 43 Butterflies! In Living Color

44 Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele Milwaukee County Board Chairman Lee Holloway ...... 5th District Vice Chair Michael Mayo, Sr...... 7th District Board of Supervisors Eyon Biddle ...... 10th District Mark A. Borkowski ...... 11th District Gerry Broderick ...... 3rd District Paul Cesarz ...... 9th District Lynne De Bruin ...... 15th District Marina Dimitrijevic ...... 4th District John Haas ...... 14th District Nikiya Harris ...... 2nd District Willie Johnson, Jr...... 13th District Patricia Jursik ...... 8th District Theo Lipscomb ...... 1st District Joseph A. Rice ...... 6th District Joe Sanfelippo ...... 17th District Jim Schmitt ...... 19th District Johnny Thomas ...... 18th District John F. Weishan, Jr...... 16th District Peggy Romo West ...... 12th District The Milwaukee County Zoo offers equal opportunities for employees and visitors alike. 10001 W. Bluemound Road Milwaukee, WI 53226 414.771.3040 www.milwaukeezoo.org Editor: Jennifer Diliberti-Shea Designer: Kevin de Wane Photographer: Michael Nepper 45