GCSE Music Area of Study 1

Set Work 1 Minuet and Trio from Eine Kleine Nachtmusik W. A. Mozart Work Booklet

Name: Target Grade:

2 Contents

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Context ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Did you know? …………………………………………………………………………….. 6 Instrumentation …………………………………………………………………………… 7 Ornaments ……………………………………………………………………………………. 8 Cadences and Harmony ………………………………………………………………… 9 Main Themes Minuet ………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Trio ……………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Overall Structure ……………………………………………………………………………. 12 In Depth Analysis Minuet Section A ………………………………………………………………….. 13 Minuet Section B …………………………………………………………………… 14 Trio Section A ………………………………………………………………………… 15 Trio Section B …………………………………………………………………………. 16 Trio Return of Section A …………………………………………………………. 17 Test Your Knowledge ………………………………………………………………………. 18

3 4 Context

Minuet and Trio Vocabulary Movement III from ‘Eine Kleine Nachtmusik’

Composed by W.A. Mozart Ornaments Musical decoration added to melodies. Examples are the ‘trill’ and the ‘turn’. Year of Composition 1787

Alberti Bass A broken chord accompaniment pattern played by the left hand on the piano. The chord is always broken up in the order: Bottom note, Top note, Middle note, Top note e.g.

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6 Instrumentation

Eine Kleine Nachtmusik was written for a String Quartet although you may also hear it performed by a String Orchestra.

The String Orchestra contains the same instruments as a String Quartet with the addition of Double Basses.

String Quartet

Violin I

Violin II Work out the interval between Viola each of the open strings on the ‘Cello Violin, Viola and ‘Cello as shown above.

The Alto Clef ANSWER______

You may have noticed that the Viola reads music from a different clef. This is known as the Alto Clef. The middle line of the stave is ‘middle C’.

Abbreviations

On a score you will sometimes see the instruments abbreviated as follows:

Vln I Vln II Vla Vc (Short for Violoncello)

7 8 9 Main Melodic Themes

• All themes in the Minuet and Trio begin with an anacrusis

Minuet Main theme

Second Theme

Vocabulary

Anacrusis A rhythmic device, where the melody begins before the first full bar of music. It is often referred to as an ‘up-beat’. E.g.

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Trio Main theme

Second Theme

11 Overall Structure

Overall Structure— Ternary Form (ABA)

Minuet Structure—Binary Form (AB)

B A

The Minuet repeats the final 4 bars of the A Section as the end of the B Section

Trio Structure—Binary Form (AB) A B

The Trio repeats the entire 8 bar A Section as the end of the B Section.

12 In-Depth Analysis Minuet—Section A Bars 1—8

Bar Number Important Features Anacrusis Key Signature—G major Anacrusis leading to bar 1 Time Signature 3/4 = Simple Triple Time Dynamics—Forte Violin I and Violin II play the same melody an octave apart Tempo—Allegretto

1-6 Violin I and Violin II continue to play the same melody an octave apart (8va) Melody is strident and strong 1-8 Texture— homophonic Harmony—diatonic Phrasing—regular Harmonic Rhythm—fast and regular (1 chord per beat) 4 An appoggiatura decorates the melody (see page … for more on ornaments) 6 (2) - 8 Violins I and II no longer in 8ves: Bar 6 (2-3) - in thirds Bar 7—8—in 6ths Trills decorate the melody (see page for ornamentation)

7 Double Stopping in the viola part 7-8 Chords: IIb - V7 - I = a perfect cadence in G major 3 (3) - 4 (1) Very brief modulation here (creates perfect cadence into the dominant key—D major)

13 Minuet—Section B Bars 9—16

Bar Number Important Features Upbeat Dynamics—piano (contrasts with Section A) Melody—more fluid in this section 8—12 Violin I and Violin II play in octaves again Rhythm—quavers instead of crotchets 9 (3) - 10 (1- Viola and Cello parts move together in 3rds 2) 9 (3) - 10 (2) Harmony - brief modulation into E minor (the relative minor)

12 Contrary motion

15-16 Double stopping in Viola part 14 (2-3) - 15 Returns to the ending of Section A of the Minuet for the final four bars.

15-16 Chords: V7 - I = Perfect Cadence in G major The Cello part finishes the section with an octave leap 9 (3) & 11 (3) Diminished Chords

Vocabulary

Contrary Motion Where two parts go in opposing directions like a mirror image of each other

Diminished Chord A chord that consists of two minor 3rd intervals above the root. Chord vii is always a diminished chord.

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Trio—Section A Bars 16—24

Bar Number Important Features 16—22 Tonality—new key of D major. This is the dominant of G major. Dynamics—Sotto Voce meaning ‘under the voice’. Melody—only in Violin I. Articulation— legato Texture—melody & accompaniment

17—19 Violin II and Viola move together in 3rds. This is a broken chord, rocking style accompani- ment. The Cello plays the root of the chords in octaves.

21 Completely chromatic movement in Violin I melody

17-22 Harmony—uses mainly primary chords. Harmonic Rhythm much slower than Minuet. Chord changes once every two bars. Articulation legato in violins and viola, staccato in Cello

22 Chord vi—secondary chord

Bar Important Features Number 23 Violins and Viola moving together

23-24 Ii—V7—I Perfect Cadence in D major

15

Trio—Section B + return to Section A Bars 24—28 + bar 29

Bar Number Important Features 24—28 (1) Anacrusis Dynamics—forte (in contrast with Section A) Violin I and Violin II again play melody in 8ves Violin II and Viola are also moving together in 3rds.

27 Contrary motion between Violin II and Viola

24—29 Cello part emphasises beats 1 and 3

28 (3) Return to main theme of the trio section (Section A) for final 8 bars of Trio.

16 Trio—return of Section A Bars 30-36

Bar Number Important Features 28 (3) - 36 Repeat of initial 8 bars of Trio (Section A)

30-36 Octave movement in Cello part Harmonic Rhythm—once per bar 30-34 Violin II and Viola play in thirds. Rocking, broken chord accompaniment.

33 Totally chromatic movement in Violin I

35-36 Ii—V7—I Perfect Cadence in D major 36 Menuetto da capo—return to the Minuet

17 Test Your Knowledge!

Bar Number Important Features Anacrusis

1-6

1-8

4 6 (2) - 8

7 7-8

3 (3) - 4 (1)

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Bar Number Important Features Upbeat 8—12 9 (3) - 10 (1- 2) 9 (3) - 10 (2)

12

15-16 14 (2-3) - 15

15-16

9 (3) & 11 (3)

19 Bar Number Important Features 16—22

17—19

21

17-22

22

Bar Important Features Number 23

23-24

20

Bar Number Important Features 24—28 (1)

27

24—29

28 (3)

21 Bar Number Important Features 28 (3) - 36

30-36

30-34

33

35-36 36

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