Eco. Env. & Cons. 26 (4) : 2020; pp. (1435-1449) Copyright@ EM International ISSN 0971–765X

Avifauna composition of two natural and artificial wetlands in Jijel region of North-eastern Algeria (The Beni Haroun Dam and Redjla Marsh)

Chabou Sarra1,2, Khammar Hichem1,2, Hadjab Ramzi1,2 and Saheb Menouar1,2

1 Research Laboratory: Functional Ecology and Environment 2 Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Life and Nature Sciences University of “Larbi Ben M’hidi”, Oum El Bouaghi. 1st November 1954, Oum el Bouaghi 04000, Algeria

(Received 28 March, 2020; accepted 25 April, 2020)

ABSTRACT This study was carried out in the north-eastern part of Algeria on two wetlands, one artificial (Beni Haroun Dam) and the other natural (Redjla Marsh) from November 2017 to October 2018. Forty seven species from 16 families and 9 orders and four guilds have been identified. The richest family in species and abundance is the Anatidae family (11 species at the Beni Haroun Dam and 12 species at the Redjla Marsh). From an effective point of view, the Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (Phalacrocoracidae) is the species most represented in the Beni Haroun Dam and the Macroule Coot Fulica atra (Rallidae) is the most represented in Redjla Marsh. Some species frequenting these environments have a national conservation status such as the Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, the Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris and the White Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia. Some species are classified as threatened and vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, such as the Marbled Teal and the Ferruginous Duck Aythia nyroca.

Key words : Wetlands, Water-, Beni Haroun Dam, Redjla Marsh, Species, Guilds, IUCN.

Introduction 2009; Blondel et al., 2010). The Mediterranean basin has been described as Wetlands contain a wide variety of habitats, recog- one of the richest and most complex regions nized for their high ecological value and perform a (Blondel et al., 2010), due to its biological diversity variety of essential hydrological, biological, eco- and a high degree of endemicity, it is one of the 34 nomic and tourism functions. From a biological “hot spots” of the planet (Myers et al., 2000). How- view, these ecosystems provide different ecological ever, nowhere else have natural environments been habitats, favouring a high level of biodiversity, and so altered as in the Mediterranean region, where above all allow the birds, amphibians and fish that habitat loss and degradation are among the most depend on them to feed, winter, take refuge and re- serious threats the to biodiversity loss (Riservato et produce. Many species depend on them and cannot al., 2009). In the southern Mediterranean, Algeria survive without wetlands, hence the need to con- has a vast and highly diversified set of wetlands serve and preserve these transitional spaces be- (lakes, chotts, garaets, sebkhas, dayas, ponds and tween land and water (Chalabi et al., 1985; Saheb, Marsh) of considerable ecological importance, a 1436 Eco. Env. & Cons. 26 (4) : 2020

veritable reservoir of and plant biodiversity. avifauna in this portion of the wetlands of Algeria Among these exceptional ecosystems, artificial wet- remain little known. To that effect, we present an lands (dams, urban lakes, hill reservoirs) remain assessment of the current state of aquatic avifauna little studied and poorly documented (Afdhal et al., biodiversity in the wetland eco-complex of Jijel and 2008 and Aberkane et al., 2013). Compared to the the wilaya of Mila. The objective is to provide for natural wetlands of Algeria which have been the the first-time data on the ornithological richness of subject of several scientific studies and ornithologi- the wetlands of this region. To analyse its evolution cal censuses (Chalabi et al., 1985; Houhamdi, 2002; during an annual cycle in two different wetlands, an Véla and Benhouhou, 2007; Bouzegag, 2007; artificial wetland the Beni Haroun dam and a natu- Aissaouiet al., 2009; Saheb, 2009; Bensaci et al., 2011; ral wetland Redjla marsh. These data will be useful Seddik et al., 2012; Chettibi et al., 2013; Metallaoui et for the establishment of a sustainable management al., 2014). system for these ecosystems. Artificial wetlands have not been the subject of any studies on avifauna, despite their roles and im- Study sites portance. furthermore, the natural wetlands of north-eastern Algeria are well documented and are Our study was carried out in north-eastern Algeria classified among the richest ecosystems in the in two different wetlands (Fig. 1). world. In particular, they host many rare or threat- Beni Haroun Dam ened habitats and species (Médail and Quézel, 1999; Houhamdi, 2002; Bouzegag, 2007; Aissaoui et al., Beni Haroun Dam Is the largest in Algeria and one 2009; Saheb, 2009; Blondel et al., 2010; Bensaci et al, of the largest dams in Africa, located in the north- 2011; Chettibi et al., 2013; Metallaoui et al., 2014). In east of the wilaya of Mila, and in the south-east of this region, the eco-complex of wetlands in the the wilaya of Jijel between 36° 33' 19'’ N and 6° 16' wilaya of Jijel and the wilaya of Mila has only been 11'’ Ein a mainly agricultural area (Fig. 1). It consti- the subject of a few descriptive studies or surveys tutes the largest artificial reservoir that spreads over (De Bélair and Samraoui, 2000; Kisserli and an area of 3,929 ha, fed by two main branches, Oued Exbrayat, 2006; Mayache, 2008; Mayache et al., 2008; Rhumel and Oued Endja (Bouhila et al., 2017). Bouldjedri et al., 2011). The biodiversity and aquatic The dam was built in 2001. However, the first

Fig. 1. Map of the geographic location of study sites SARRA ET AL 1437 impoundment was on 1 August 2003 (Remini and has a margin of error that depends on the experi- Toumi, 2017). The dam is located in a narrowing of ence of the observer and the accuracy of the optical limestone gorges, where the geology is complex and equipment used, often estimated at between 5 and very sheared (Boulahbel, 2013). Intended to supply 10% (Blondel, 1975). To ensure accurate identifica- drinking water to no less than five million people in tion at the time of observation, we used the the wilayas of Mila, Constantine, Jijel, Oum El- guide (Svensson et al. 2005). Weekly outings were Bouaghi, Khenchela and Batna and irrigation water carried out practically from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m. from to 30,000 hectares in Teleghma, Chemora and November 2017 to October 2018. The study was car- Tafouna (Djeddi et al., 2018). ried out in 12 observation points, 9 points in the The climate in the Beni Haroun Dam is semi-arid Beni Haroun dam and 3 points in the Redjla marsh in the south and humid and rainy in the north (Fig. 1), which were selected according to the size of (Mebarki et al., 2008; El-Hadef et al. 2013). the water bodies and the degree of accessibility of the terrain. The most remote and inaccessible bodies Redjla Marsh of water were surveyed using the same effort as that Is a natural wetland, of stagnant and permanent allocated to the most accessible locations, in order to water, located in the North of the wilaya of Jijel at allow the most exhaustive possible census of indi- 2.60 km from the Mediterranean Sea between lati- viduals and species (Bibby et al., 1992). Counts af- tudes 36°492 N and 05° 912E. It is bounded to the fected by bad weather and abiotic parameters were north by the village of Redjla which is at the origin not included in the analysis (Afdhal et al., 2008) of its name (Fig. 1). The Redjla marshland is located Data analysis in a region with an agricultural vocation. This site covers an area of 50 ha, it is shallow and invaded by The study of the biology and ecology of the avi- aquatic vegetation. According to forest conserva- fauna was approached by determining ecological tion, it is a wetland that hosts great biodiversity and indices directly related to the balance of the stands: is subject to strong anthropic pressure (use of fertil- abundance, species richness, Shannon and Weaver izers and pesticides, pumping, poaching, grazing). diversity index and equitability index, and the de- The climate in the region is a humid climate with termination of ornithological characteristics. cold winters and hot and humid summers (Birouk, Composition indices 2015). Specific gravity (S) Materials and Methods Total species richness is the number of species con- tracted at least once at the end of N surveys To understand the biodiversity of the two wetlands, (Blondel, 1975), it is the total number (S) of species the Beni Haroun dam as an artificial wetland and present in a biotope (Ramade, 2008). the Redjla marsh as a natural wetland, inventories and monitoring of aquatic bird populations were Relative abundance (RA%) carried out at both sites. Relative abundance (RA%) is a concept that makes Monitoring of avifauna it possible to evaluate a species, category, class or order (n ) to all the animal populations present com- The birds were counted using the direct counting i bined (N) in a wildlife inventory (Faurie, 2011). method, which consists of counting individual birds Relative abundance is expressed as a percentage (%) when the group does not exceed 200 individuals. In by the following formula: the opposite case, when the group was very distant and/or larger than 200 individuals, we conducted visual estimates of the group (Lamotte and Bourlière, 1969; Blondel, 1975; Houhamdi and Frequency (Fi%) Samraoui, 2002; Afdhal et al., 2008). To do this, a pair of binoculars (Nikula ku 81022 10x22) and a According to Dajoz (1982). The frequency of occur- telescope (Optolyth TBS 80 GA) were used.This rence, or the consistency of a species, is the ratio technique is the most widely used for winter counts expressed as a percentage between the total number and counts of waterbird populations. However, it of samples where that species is recorded and the 1438 Eco. Env. & Cons. 26 (4) : 2020 total number of samples taken. 12 observation points, 44 species in the Beni Haroun

Fi = (Pi × 100)/P dam and 41 species in the Redjla Marsh (Table 1). Ornithological characteristics This avifauna represents about 12% (11.6%) of the avifauna list of Algeria. Phenological status Specific richness Phenological status is defined according to the lit- erature (Voous and Thomson, 1960; Heinzelet al., A total species richness of 47 species belonging to 16 1972; Cramp and Brooks, 1992 and Isenmann and families and 9 orders was recorded in the study Moali, 2000), then we compared and contrasted the area, including 44 species in the Beni Haroun dam obtained statuses with our observations to better belonging to 15 families and 09 orders, and 41 spe- appreciate the movements observed in the region cies inventoried in the Redjla Marsh, belonging to 14 and the current status. families and 09 orders (Table 1; Fig. 1). Guilds Lami The water-birds surveyed were subdivided accord- The dominant orders in the number of species in the ing to their feeding behaviour and use of the aquatic Beni Haroun dam are Charadriiformes and environment into four guilds: Grebes and Cormo- Anseriformes with respectively 14 species (31.81%) rants, Ducks and coots, Laro-limicolae and raptors. and 12 species (27.27%), then Pelecaniformes with 6 species or 13.63% of the total, followed by Conservation status with 4 species or 9.09%; the other orders The conservation status was assessed at the national are less presented, Podicipediformes : 3 species level based on the list of protected species according (6.81%), Accipitriformes: 2 species (4.54%) and fi- to Decree No. 83-509 on protected non-domestic nally Suliformes, Ciconiiformes and animal species, the Order of 17 January 1995 supple- Phoenicopteriformes with 1 species (2.27%) for each menting the same list and Executive Decree No. 12- order. The number of families of each order identi- 235 of 24 May 2012 establishing the list of protected fied at the dam varies thus, the dominant order is non-domestic animal species (JORADP, 2018). At that of Charadriiformes 4 families (26.66%); the international level, we referred to the IUCN Red Gruiforms, Accipitriformes and Pelecaniformes 2 List (Viéet al., 2009; IUCN, 2018). families or 13.33%, and finally Suliformes, Ciconiiformes, Phoenicopteriformes, Results Podicipediforms and Aneriformes with 1 family or 6.66%. Bird stand composition In the Redjla Marsh, the dominant orders in the number of species are Charadriiformes and A total of 47 species of birds were mentioned in the

Fig. 1. Species and family richness of Orders in wetlands (a:Beni Haroun Dam; b:RedjlaMarsh).during the period study (2017-2018). SARRA ET AL 1439

Table 1. Taxonomic list of aquatic avifauna in the Beni Haroun Damand Redjla Marsh (Relative Abundance -RA%) during the period study (2017-2018). Common name Scientific name RA% Code Order1: Ansériformes Beni Haroun Marsh of Dam Redjla Family 1:Anatidae (Province (Province of Mila) of Jijel) 1 Common Shelduck Tadornatadorna 0,52 0,33 Tata 2 Garganey Spatula querquedula 0,00 0,05 Spau 3 Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata 2,57 16,97 Spcl 4 Gadwall Marecastrepera 0,14 1,98 Mast 5 Eurasian Wigeon Marecapenelope 1,08 1,03 Mape 6 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 8,47 9,66 Anpl 7 Northern Pintail Anas acuta 0,05 1,00 Anac 8 Eurasian Teal Anas crecca 1,66 3,51 Ancr 9 Marbled Duck Marmaronettaangustirostris 0,42 0,42 Maan 10 Common Pochard Aythyaferina 4,53 5,41 Ayfe 11 Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca 2,86 7,08 Ayny 12 Ruddy Duck Oxyurajamaicensis 0,00 2,97 Oxja 2 Order 2 : Podicipédiformes 2 Family 2: Podicipedidae 13 Little Grebe Tachybaptusruficollis 1,60 5,08 Taru 14 Great Crested Grebe Podicepscristatus 6,03 0,53 Pocr 15 Black-necked Grebe Podicepsnigricollis 0,02 0,38 Poni 3 Order 3 : Phoenicoptériformes 3 Family 3:Phoenicopteridae 16 Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterusroseus 0,06 0,06 Phro 4 Order4: Ciconiiformes 4 Family 4: Ciconiidae 17 White Stork Ciconiaciconia 2,14 0,71 Cici 5 Order 5: Pélécaniformes 5 Family 5: Threskiornithidae 18 Glossy Ibis Plegadisfalcinellus 0,00 0,91 Pllfa 19 Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia 0,18 0,00 Plle 6 Family 6: Ardeidae 20 Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 0,60 0,13 Nyny 21 Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 1,99 5,89 Buib 22 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 4,84 2,24 Arci 23 Great Egret Ardea alba 0,27 0,09 Aral 24 Little Egret Egrettagarzetta 1,79 1,16 Egga 6 Order 6 : Suliformes 7 Family 7 : Phalacrocoracidae 25 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 37,82 0,08 Phca 7 Order 7 : Accipitriformes 8 Family 8: Pandionidae 26 Western Osprey Pandion haliaetus 0,05 0,00 Paha 9 Family 9: Accipitridae 27 Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus 0,01 0,08 Ciae 8 Order 8 : Gruiformes 10 Family 10: Rallidae 28 Western Porphyrioporphyrio 0,00 0,13 Popo 29 Common Moorhen Gallinulachloropus 0,08 0,33 Gach 30 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra 9,53 23,46 Fuat 11 Family 11: Gruidae 1440 Eco. Env. & Cons. 26 (4) : 2020

Table 1. Continued ... Common name Scientific name RA% Code Order1: Ansériformes Beni Haroun Marsh of Dam Redjla Family 1:Anatidae (Province (Province of Mila) of Jijel) 31 Common Crane Grus grus 0,02 0,00 Gugu 9 Order 9 : Charadriiformes 12 Family 12 : Haematopodidae 32 Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopusostralegus 0,00 0,23 Haos 13 Family 13 : Récurvirostridés 33 Black-winged Stilt Himantopushimantopus 0,00 3,63 Hihi 14 Family 14: Charadriidae 34 Northern Lapwing Vanellusvanellus 0,68 3,76 Vava 35 Common Ringed Plover Charadriushiaticula 0,18 0,20 Chhi 36 Little Ringed Plover Charadriusdubius 0,00 0,01 Chdu 37 Kentish Plover Charadriusalexandrinus 0,04 0,00 Chal 15 Family 15: Scolopacidae 38 Dunlin Calidrisalpina 0,05 0,00 Caal 39 Little Stint Calidris minuta 0,02 0,02 Cami 40 Common Snipe Gallinagogallinago 0,06 0,05 Gaga 41 Common Sandpiper Actitishypoleucos 0,01 0,05 Achy 42 Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus 0,00 0,01 Trer 43 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia 0,00 0,01 Trne 16 Family 16: Laridae 44 Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalusridibundus 5,29 0,13 Chri 45 Lesser Black-backed Gull Larusfuscus 0,23 0,00 Lafu 46 Common Tern Sternahirundo 0,04 0,05 Sthi 47 Yellow-legged Gull Larusmichahellis 4,04 0,18

Anseriformes with respectively 13 species (31.70 %) Haroun Dam except that the number of families of and 12 species (29.26 %), is almost the same for the the Pelecaniforms represents a significant portion in Beni Haroun Dam. Regarding the number of fami- the Redjla Marsh. lies for each order, Charadriiformes are represented In these 2 wetlands, the numbers of individuals by 5 families (35.71%), followed by Pelecaniformes vary from one order to another and from one wet- 2 families with 14.28%). Almost the same in the Beni land to another. In the Beni Haroun Dam,

Fig. 2. Relative Abundance (RA%) of Orders in wetlands (BNH:Beni Haroun Dam; MRJ:Redjla Marsh).during the period study (2017-2018). SARRA ET AL 1441

Suliformes are dominant, representing 37.82% of the (2.13%), and finally the rest of the families which total number of birds, followed by Anseriformes represent less than 1% of the numbers. with 22.32% and Charadriiformes with 10.64%. In the Redjla Marsh, the family Anatidae is domi- Pelecaniformes and Gruiformes represent 9.63% nant with 12 species (29.26%), followed by the fami- each. The least represented orders are the lies Ardeidae and Scolopacidae with 5 species Podipediforms (7.65%) and the Ciconiiforms (12.19%), then the families Podicipedidae, Rallidae, (2.13%). Phoenicopteriformes and Accipitriforms Charadriidae and Laridae with 3 species (7,31 %) account for 0.05% each. On the other hand, in the and finally Phoenicopteridae, Ciconiidae, Redjla Marsh, Anseriformes are dominant with a Threskiornithidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Accipitridae, considerable abundance value of 50.40%, followed Haematopodidae and Recurvirostridae with only 1 by Gruiforms and Pelecaniformes with 23.91% and species (2,43 %). The absence of Pandionidae and 10.42% respectively, followed by Charadriiformes Gruidae should be noted. In terms of abundance the with 8.32% and Podipediformes with 5.99%. The Anatidae is the dominant family in the marsh with other orders represent less than 1% of the total a high abundance value of about 51% of waterfowl abundance of birds (Fig. 2). numbers, followed by the Rallidae (23.91%), then The species richness of the 16 families in the two the Ardeidae (9.52%), the Podicipedidae (5.99%), the study sites shows that in the Beni Haroun Dam, the Charadriidae and the Recurvirostridae (3.63%), and dominant family in the number of species is the finally the other families have less than 1% for each Anatidae with 12 species (27.27%), followed by the family (Fig. 3). Scolopacidae and the Ardeidae with 6 species a- Relative abundance (RA%) (13.63%) and 5 species (11) respectively. 36%), the Laridae 4 species (9.09%), the Podicipedidae, the The dominant species in the Beni Haroun dam is the Rallidae and the Charadriidae with 3 species for Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) with an each family, i.e. (6.81%). The rest of the families: abundance value of 37.82% of the total number of Phoenicopteridae, Ciconiidae, Threskiornithidae, birds, followed by Common Coot (Fulica atra) Phalacrocoracidae, Pandionidae, Accipitridae, 9.53%, Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) 8.47%, Great Gruidae and the Recurvirostridae represent only Crested Grebe (Podicepscristatus) 6.03%, Black- 2.27% or only one species for each family. The ab- headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) 5.29%. The sence of Haematopodidae in this wetland should be 33 remaining species account for 32.86% of the total noted. The Phalacrocoracidae are dominant in terms and less than 5% for each. Unlike the Redjla Marsh, of abundance with 37.82% of the bird numbers in the dominant species is the Macroule Coot (Fulica the Beni Haroun dam, followed by the other fami- atra) with an abundance value of the order of 23.5 %, lies in the following descending order: the Anatidae followed by the Northern Shoveler (Spatula clypeata) (22.32%), the Rallidae, Laridae and Ardeidae with 17 %, and by far by the Mallard (Anas (9.49%), the Podicipedidae (7.65%), the Ciconiidae platyrhynchos) 9.66 %, the Ferruginous Duck (Aythya

Fig. 3. Wealth and Abundance (%) of families in the wetlands (BNH: Beni Haroun Dam; MRJ: Redjla Marsh) during the period study (2017-2018). 1442 Eco. Env. & Cons. 26 (4) : 2020 nyroca) 7, 08%, the Ox Heron (Bubulcus ibis) 5.89%, b- Frequency (Fi%) the Greater Scaup (Aythyaferina) 5.41% and the Variations in the frequency of occurrence of species Great Grebe (Tachybaptusruficollis) 5.08%. For the in the 2 wetlands show that at the Beni Haroun other 34 species, their abundance is less than 5% and Dam, 7 species have a frequency of 100% (Crested represent about 27% of the bird population. (Fig. 4) Grebe, Great Cormorant, Little Egret, Grey Heron, Mallard Duck, Common Coot and Glaucous Gull), It was noted that 10 species have a frequency equal to or greater than 50% ( Great Grebe 75%, Black- crowned Night-Heron 66.67%, Cattle Heron 83.33%, Great Egret 83.33%, White Stork 75%, Osprey 58.33%, Hen-Water 66.67%, Least Gravelly 50%, Black-headed Gull 91.67%, Great Black-backed Gull 58.33%), and 27 species had a frequency ranging from 8.33% to 41.67%. Fig. 4. Variations in Relative Species Abundance in Wet- In the Redjla Marsh, 2 species had a frequency of lands (BNH: Beni Haroun Dam; MRJ: Redjla 100% (Great Blue Heron and Mallard), 18 species Marsh) during the period study (2017-2018). had a frequency of 50% or more (Grey Heron, Greater Scaup, Ferruginous Duck, Northern Duck, The evolution of bird numbers during the period White-headed Duck, White-winged Duck and study (November 2017 - October 2018) shows that Macawed Coot with 91.67%, Water Hen 83.33%, the evolution of the number of individuals varies Grebe Castagneux, Little Egret and Northern Shov- differently between the two sites depending on the eler with a value of 75%, Marbled Teal, Pilet’s Duck months of the year, the highest values are observed and Sultan’s Teal with 66.67%, Falcinella Ibis 58.33%, at the Beni Haroun dam during January and Febru- Shelduck, Piping Duck, Gadwall and Green-winged ary 2018 with respectively 19.60% and 18.43%. The Teal with a value of 50%) and 21 species have a fre- numbers observed in December and November quency that varies between 8.33% and 41.67% (Fig. 2017 are of the order of 15.46% and 11.31%. The low- 6). est number was recorded in May 2018. On the other 150 hand, in the Redjla Marsh, the most representative BNH month is September 2018 with 12.20% and February MRJ with 11.63%. The month of May 2018 represents the lowest value of numbers (Fig. 5). 100

25 BNH

MRJ Frequency% 50 20

15 0 l u y a i a o e cl fe r i a r y r rc r xle g h v aa e h a yn gg Plf ap aha r h a r c afu 10 T PoniN E A Ph M AncrAnacSp Ay O P PopoG HihiC V C T A L Effectives% Species 5 Fig. 6. Variations in Frequency of Species Occurrence in Wetlands (BNH: Beni Haroun Dam; MRJ: Redjla 0 Marsh) during the period study (2017-2018). 7 7 8 8 8 8 18 8 -1 1 -1 -1 18 - -18 -18 v éc- rs vr-1 ai- in ût-1 ct no d nv évr-1 a a m ju juil o pt-18 o ja f m a se Ornithological characteristic Months Phenological status Fig. 5. Evolution of bird numbers Abundance in BNH: Beni Haroun Dam; MRJ: Redjla Marsh) At the Beni Haroun Dam, 50% of the species are duringthe period study (2017-2018). overwinterers (22 species). This category is mainly SARRA ET AL 1443 composed by Anatidae (Tadornatadorna, Anas acuta, Spatula clypeata and Marmaronetta clypeata, Anas pénélope...), Podicipédidae angustirostris), Podicipedidae (Tachybaptus ruficollis, (Tachybaptus ruficollis and Podicepsnigricollis), Podicepscristatus and Podicepsnigricollis), Phalacrocoracidae (Phalacrocorax carbo), Ardeidae Phalacrocoracidae (Phalacrocorax carbo), Ardeidae (Ardea alba and Ardeacinerea), Charadriidae (Egrettagarzetta, Ardea alba, Ardeacinerea and (Charadrius alexandrinus and Vanellusvanellus), Nycticorax nycticorax), Accipitridae (Circus Scolopacidae (Calidrisalpinus andActitishypoleucos) aeruginosus) and Charadriidae (Vanellusvanellus). and Laridae (Chroicocephalus ridibundus, Larusfuscus 24.39% are sedentary breeders of Anatidae (Anas and Larusmichahellis). Followed by 20.45% which are platyrhynchos, Aythyaferina, nyroca,Aythya nyroca, sedentary breeding species, these are the and Oxyura leucocephala), Rallidae (Porphyrio Podicipedidae (Podicepscristatus) and Ardeidae porphyrio, Gallinula chloropus, and Fulica atra), (Bubulcus ibis and Egrettagarzetta), anatidae (Anas Recurvirostridae (Himantopus himantopus), Laridae platyrhynchos ), Pandionidae (Pandion haliaetus), (Larusmichahellis) and Ardeidae (Bubulcus ibis). Accipitridae (Circus aeruginosus), and Rallidae 2.44% are migratory breeders: Ciconiidae (Ciconia (Porphyrioporphyrio, Gallinulachloropu and Fulica ciconia) and 31.71% are visitors, particularly atra). 4.55% are migratory breeders, Ciconiidae Scolopacidae (Calidrisminuta, Gallinagogallinago, (Ciconia ciconia) and Ardeidae (Nycticoraxnycticorax). Tringaerythropus, Tringanebularia and Actitis Passing visitors account for 25 %. They are hypoleucos) and Laridae (Chroicocephalus ridibundus Phoenicopteridae (Phoenicopterus roseus), and Sterna hirundo), of Charadriidae (Charadrius Threskiornithidae (Platalea leucorodia), Anatidae dubius and Charadrius hiaticula), Haematopodidae (Spatula querquedula), Gruidae (Grus grus), of (Haematopus ostralegus), Threskiornithidae (Ibis Recurvirostridae (Himantopus himantopus), falcinella and Plegadisfalcinellus), Phoenicopteridae Charadriidae (Charadrius hiaticula and (Phoenicopterus roseus), and Anatidae (Spatula Charadriusdubius) and Scolopacidae (Calidrisminuta, querquedula) (Table 2)(Fig. 7). Gallinago gallinago, Tringa erythropus and Guilds Tringanebularia) In the Redjla Marsh, 41.46% are overwinterers The analysis of the avian species guilds in the two composed mainly of Anatidae (Tadornatadorna, wetlands shows that: the Laro-Limicoles at the Beni Marecapenelope, Marecastrepera, Anas crecca, Anas Haroun dam represent 52.27% (23 species) and at

Table 2. Assessment of the phenological status of the Beni Haroun Dam and Redjla Marsh. Phenologystatus BHN MRJ WV (Winter visitor) 22 50 % 17 41,46 % RB(Resident Breeder) 9 20,45 % 10 24,39 % MB (Migrant Breeder) 2 4.55 % 1 2,43 % PV (Passage visitor) 11 25 % 13 31,70% Total 44 100 % 41 100 %

Fig. 7. Assessment of the phenological status in the wetlands (BNH:Beni Haroun Dam; MRJ: Redjla Marsh). 1444 Eco. Env. & Cons. 26 (4) : 2020

the Redjla Marsh 21 species or 51.22%. Ducks and of the Marbled Teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris) coots number 15 species in the Beni Haroun dam and the Greater Scaup (Aythyaferina), 2 species (4. (34.09%) and in the Redjla Marsh (36.59%). For 55%) are “Near Threatened” Scaup (Aythya nyroca) grebes and cormorants, there are 4 species in the and Hoopoe Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) and 39 spe- two wetlands (9.09% and 9.76%) and 2 species of cies (88.64%) have “Least Concern” status. raptors in the Beni Haroun dam (4.55%) and 1 spe- At the Redjla Marsh, one species (2.44%) is “En- cies in the Redjla Marsh (2.44%) (Table 3; Fig. 8). dangered” and two species (4.88%) are “Vulner- able” as at the Beni Haroun dam, and 3 species Conservation status (7.32%) are “Near Threatened”, as is the Scaup According to the IUCN Red List: at the Beni Haroun (Aythya nyroca), Oystercatcher (Haematopus dam, one species (2.27%) is classified as “endan- ostralegus) and Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) and 35 gered”, the White-headed Duck species (85.37%) have a status of “Least Concern” (Oxyuraleucocephala). Followed by two species, (Table 5; Fig. 9). 4.55% have a status of “Vulnerable”, this is the case There are a total of 52 protected species in Alge-

Table 3. Distribution of guilds in the Beni Haroun Dam and Redjla Marsh. Guilds BNH MRJ Laro-Limicoles 23 52.27 % 21 51.22 % Grébes & Ccormoran 4 9.09 % 4 9.76 % Canards & Foulque 15 34.09 % 15 36.59 % Rapaces 2 4.55 % 1 2.44 % Total 44 100 % 41 100 %

Table 4. Protection status of avian species recorded in the two wetlands (According to the IUCN Red List and the list of protected species in Algeria) Status Dam of Beni Haroun Marsh of Redjla UICN LC 39 88,64 % 35 85,37 % VU 2 4,55 % 2 4,88 % NT 2 4,55 % 3 7,32 % EN 1 2,27 % 1 2,44 % Total 44 100 % 41 100 % Algeria NP 30 68,18 % 28 68,29 % P 14 31,82 % 13 31,71 % Total 44 100 % 41 100 %

Fig. 8. Guild of avian species in the two study sites (BNH: Beni Haroun Dam; MRJ: Redjla Marsh). SARRA ET AL 1445 ria. In the Beni Haroun Dam, 14 species (31.82%) are The species richness in the Marais de Redjla is of protected and 30 species of water birds (68.18%) are the same order as natural wetlands in north-eastern not. The same is true for the Redjla Marsh, where 13 Algeria, Metallaoui and Houhamdi (2009) identified species (31.71%) are protected and 28 species 54 species in Garaet Hadj-Tahar (Skikda); 58 species (68.29%) are not protected (Fig. 10). in Garaet Timerganine (Sedik et al., 2012); 53 species were observed in the Boussedra Marsh (Annaba) Heritage interest of the settlement (Boudraa et al., 2014) and the Saharan natural wet- Of all the species recorded at the two wetlands only lands (Bensaci et al., 2011) and 41 species in the 9 and 10 species breed. These wetlands are of para- highlands of Eastern Algeria (Sahbi et al., 2018). Ar- mount importance since 14 species protected at the tificial wetlands in northern Tunisia have hosted 36 Beni Haroun Dam and 13 species at the Redjla of the 82 wintering water-bird species in all wet- Marsh, namely the White-headed Duck and the Fer- lands of Tunisia (Afdhal et al., 2008). ruginous Duck, nest in very few wetlands at the Wintering birds account for 50% of the species in national scale (Guellati et al., 2014). the waterbird population at the Beni Haroun dam and 41.64% at the Redjla Marsh. This shows the im- Discussion portance of these wetlands as wintering areas for many migratory species. These two wetlands are The wetlands studied were home to 47 species used as migratory stopover areas during the pas- (11.57%) of Algeria’s 406 species 44 species in the sage of migratory species; 22.73% at the Beni Beni Haroun dam and 41 species in the Redjla Haroun Dam and 31.70% at the Redjla Marsh. Bird Marsh.

Fig. 9. Protection status according to the IUCN Red List of Avian Species in Wetlands (BNH:Beni Haroun Dam; MRJ: Redjla Marsh).

Fig. 10. Protection status according to the list of protected species in Algeria in the 10 wetland (BNH: Beni Haroun Dam; MRJ: Redjla Marsh). 1446 Eco. Env. & Cons. 26 (4) : 2020

ANNEX:List of water-bird species recorded at two wetlands, their phenological status, conservation status and fre- quency (WI: Wintering, MB: Migratory breeding, SB: Sedentary breeding, TV: Transient visitor) (P: Protected, NP: Un- protected, VU: Vulnerable, EN: Endangered, NT: Near Threatened, LC: Least Concern, BHN: Beni Haroun Dam, MRI: Redjla Marsh) N° Scientific Name Code Conservation status Phenological status Frequency (Fi%) UICN Algeria BHN MRJ BNH MRJ 1 Tachybaptusruficollis Taru LC NP WI WI 75,00 75,00 2 Podicepscristatus Pocr LC NP SB WI 100,00 33,33 3 Podicepsnigricollis Poni LC NP WI WI 8,33 16,67 4 Phalacrocorax carbo Phca LC P WI WI 100,00 33,33 5 Nycticorax nycticorax Nyny LC NP MB WI 66,67 16,67 6 Bubulcus ibis Buib LC NP SB SB 83,33 100,00 7 Egrettagarzetta Egga LC P SB WI 100,00 75,00 8 Ardea alba Aral LC P WI WI 83,33 41,67 9 Ardea cinerea Arci LC NP WI WI 100,00 91,67 10 Ciconiaciconia Cici LC P MB MB 75,00 33,33 11 Plegadisfalcinellus Plfa LC P * TV 0,00 58,33 12 Platalea leucorodia Plle LC P TV 33,33 0,00 13 Phoenicopterusroseus Phro LC P TV TV 25,00 25,00 14 Tadornatadorna Tata LC P WI WI 16,67 50,00 15 Marecapenelope Mape LC NP WI WI 25,00 50,00 16 Marecastrepera Mast LC NP WI WI 16,67 50,00 17 Anas crecca Ancr LC NP WI WI 25,00 50,00 18 Anas platyrhynchos Anpl LC NP SB SB 100,00 100,00 19 Anas acuta Anac LC NP WI WI 25,00 66,67 20 Spatula querquedula Spqu LC NP TV TV 8,33 8,33 21 Spatula clypeata Spcl LC NP WI WI 25,00 75,00 22 Marmaronetta angustirostris Maan VU P WI WI 33,33 66,67 23 Aythyaferina Ayfe VU NP WI SB 41,67 91,67 24 Aythya nyroca Ayny NT P WI SB 33,33 91,67 25 Oxyuraleucocephala Oxle EN NP WI SB 8,33 91,67 26 Circus aeruginosus Ciae LC P SB WI 16,67 50,00 27 Pandion haliaetus Paha LC P SB 58,33 0,00 28 Gallinulachloropus Gach LC NP SB SB 66,67 83,33 29 Porphyrioporphyrio Popo LC P SB SB 8,33 66,67 30 Fulica atra Fuat LC NP SB SB 100,00 91,67 31 Grus grus Grgr LC NP TV 8,33 0,00 32 Haematopusostralegus Haos NT NP TV 0,00 8,33 33 Himantopushimantopus Hihi LC P TV SB 8,33 91,67 34 Charadriusdubius Chdu LC NP TV TV 50,00 16,67 35 Charadriushiaticula Chhi LC P TV TV 0,00 8,33 36 Charadriusalexandrinus Chal LC NP WI 16,67 0,00 37 Vanellusvanellus Vava NT NP WI WI 33,33 25,00 38 Calidris minuta Cami LC NP TV TV 8,33 25,00 39 Calidrisalpina Caal LC NP WI 25,00 0,00 40 Gallinagogallinago Gaga LC NP TV TV 16,67 33,33 41 Tringa erythropus Trer LC NP TV TV 8,33 8,33 42 Tringa nebularia Trne LC NP TV TV 8,33 8,33 43 Actitishypoleucos Achy LC NP WI TV 8,33 16,67 44 Chroicocephalusridibundus Chri LC NP WI TV 91,67 16,67 45 Larusfuscus Lafu LC NP WI 58,33 0,00 46 Larusmichahellis Lami LC NP WI SB 100,00 41,67 47 Sternahirundo Sthi LC NP TV 8,33 8,33 SARRA ET AL 1447 species are noted as passing visitors, among them Bachir, BOUZEGAG Abdelaziz, LEMKOUREB the pink flamingo, an emblematic and breeding spe- Abdelmalek and Ms. BOURAOUI Fatma Chérifa, cies in the high plains of eastern Algeria (Saheb et for their assistance during the field trips, and would al., 2006; Boulekhssaim et al., 2006; Samraoui et al., like to express their gratitude to the entire team of 2006). The contingents that cross Tunisian territory the research institute for the conservation of Medi- and the east of the country rest in these environ- terranean wetlands (La Tour du Valat) and Forest ments before returning to their wintering quarters Conservation (Wilaya de Mila and Wilaya de Jijel). (Houhamdi et al., 2008; Guellati et al., 2014). Four guilds are represented respectively by 21, References 15, 4 and 1 species at the Redjla Marsh and 23, 15, 4 and 2 species at the Beni Haroun Dam. The guild of Aberkane, M., ChettibI, F., Bakhouche, B., Draïdi, K., Grebes and Cormorants can collect fish, fry, insects, Bouslama, Z. and Houhamdi, M. 2013. Breeding worms, crustaceans, molluscs (Madsen, 1957). ecology of the Marbled Duck Marmaronetta Anatidae and coots, which are mainly herbivorous angustirostris at Boussedra march Annaba, North- but can supplement their diet with insects, molluscs, east of Algeria. Ann. Biol. Res. 4(10) : 103-107. Afdhal, B., Hamdi, N., Charfi-Cheikhrouha, F. and Moali, crustaceans and other aquatic organisms, have been A. 2008. Importance écologique et rôle des zones observed mainly in artificial wetlands rich in sub- humides artificielles du Nord de la Tunisie dans la merged vegetation. Most of these species graze on conservation des oiseaux d’eau en hivernage. Bulle- shoreline plants and remove submerged grasses tin de la Société zoologique de France. 1331: 253. and rhizomes by plunging their heads and necks Aissaoui, R., Houhamdi, M. and Samraoui, B. 2009. Eco- (Dorst, 1971; Afdhal et al., 2008). ethology of the Furrigenous Duck Aythya nyroca at The threat assessment for wetland birds in the Tonga Lake Ramsar Site, National Park of El Kala, study area (Beni Haroun Dam and Redjla Marsh) North-East Algeria. Eco-Éthologie des Fuligules reveals a global situation of no concern: Only 5 spe- Nyroca Aythya nyroca dans le Lac Tonga Site Ramsar, Parc National d’El-Kala, Nord-Est de cies out of 47 are currently threatened. These are l’Algérie. European Journal of Scientific Research. 28: also protected in Algeria. These are the White- 47-59. headed Duck and the Ferruginous Duck. Also, the Baillie, J. E. M., Hilton-Taylor, C. and Stuart, S. N. 2004. Common Oystercatcher and the Lapwing are “Near IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. A Global Threatened” while the Marbled Teal and the Species Assessment. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Greater Scaup are considered “Vulnerable” (Annex Cambridge, UK, xxiv + 91p. Barbault, R. 1981. 1). These statuses are determined according to five Ecologie des populations et des peuplements. criteria defined by the IUCN and are based on dif- Masson. ferent biological factors associated with the risk of Bensaci, E., Bouzegag, A., Guergueb, E., Bounab, C., Brahmia, H., Nouidjem, Y. and Mayache, B. 2011. extinction, such as the size of the species’ popula- Chott Merouane Algérie : un nouveau site de repro- tion, its rate of decline, its geographical range and duction du Flamant rose Phoenicopterusroseus. Fla- its degree of fragmentation (Hilton-Taylor, 2000; mingo Bulletin. 40-47. Baillie et al., 2004; Vie et al., 2008; Chenchouni, 2010) Bibby, J., Burgess, D. and Hill, A. 1992. Bird Census Tech- niques. Academic Press Limited, London, NW1 7DX, Conclusion 257 p. Birouk, A. 2015. Etude de la diversité avifaunistique des This diagnosis shows that the natural and man- marais d’El-Kennar et Redjla, Taher Nord-Est de made wetlands in the Jijel region perform ecological Jijel. Thése de magistére, université de jijel. Blondel, J. 1966. Le cycle annuel des passereaux en and socio-economic functions whose impact ex- Camargue. Actes de la Réserve de Camargue n° 35, tends throughout the country; their ecological and 1964-1965La Terre et la vie. heritage values place them among the wetlands of Blondel, J. 1975. L’analyse des peuplements d’oiseaux, international importance, particularly in terms of éléments d’un diagnostic écologique I. la méthode maintaining biodiversity. des échantillonnages fréquentiels progressifs EFP. Blondel, J., Aronson, J., Bodiou, J. Y. and Boeuf, G. 2010. Acknowledgements The Mediterranean Region: Biological Diversity in Space and Time. Oxford University Press. Boudraa, W., Bouslama, Z. and Houhamdi, M. 2014. The authors would like to thank Messrs. MERIZEK 1448 Eco. Env. & Cons. 26 (4) : 2020

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