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Africaandamericas1960.Pdf THF: IETi137i'RIAL COLLEGE JiFRICA AND AE3FZCAS FXPEDITION March - November, 1960 i Do Hyde, M,Sc, (?7ng. ) , D. I. C., A. C. G.I., I. S. G~rtshorc,DI. Sc. (~n~), I D.I.C., B.A,Sc. and I7i.H. Melbourne, Ph.D., DmIoC., B.E. I Tho expedition travelled overland through Bfrjca and tho Americas, 1 making a survey of civil light aircraft and their activities. Docomber, 1960. Page 1.3, Central and North America (.k~ntarenaoto New york) .... 93 l.4* Petrol log ................................. 95 Shippifig.....O.........................~.......... 97 Land Rover ......O...............O.O........O..... 99 Equipment ...................O.................... 101 Visas ...O.............O............O...O......... 102 Customs and Immigration ... ....................... LO4 Tdedical Report .........................OO........ 106 reference^ .~...........O....O...........a........O lo7 Publicity and Concluding Remarks ................. 108 Financial Report ..~...................O..........110 B SICNO~TLEDGEEIZ~~:~\TTS .- Tho following organisations and pc~sonnelarc gratefully ncl~now~edgodfor their interest and assistance to the expeditions Society of British Aircraft Constructors, Ltd. Imperial College Exploration Board. Collcgo of Aeronautics, Aortox Ltd, Board of Trade (commercial Relations and Exports ~epartment). Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd. British Council. do Havilland Aircraft Co, L-td. Dunlop Rubber Co. Ltd. Edrio Films Ltd. Gilchrist and Fishel: Ltd. Haythornthwaite and Sons Ltd. Johnsons of Hendon Ltd, Lodgo Pluga Ltd. Marks and Spencers Ltd. Murphy Radio Ltd. Oldham and Son Ltd. Photopia Ltd. Remington Rand Ltdo Rover Motor Co. of north America Ltd. Royal Automobile Club. Shell;-Mcx and B.T. Ltd. Thermos Ltd. Unitod Kingdom Infomnatiorl Service, Wolscy Ltd, J. hato, French Consulate in London, Mr. Amas, Imporial Collcgo. I E. Bolton-King, British Council, I W. E. Caseley, Ministry of Avia,tion Aeronautical Information Service. I I REM. Clarkson, de Havilland Aircraft Co, Ltd, I Niss D. Davcy, British Council. R. E. G. Davios , de Havilland hirzrgf t Co. Ltd. I I F.E. ~uplocl~,Board of Trade. , Miss B. Falkingham, Imperial College. l1 1 , B.W. Goodinge, Society of British Aircraft Constructors Ltd. I W.E. Grimshaw, Board of Trade. I I I I?. R. Harris, Sollcgc of Aeronautics. I1 I J. D. Hopping, Rover Notor Co. of North lmcrica Ltd. I 0.F. ltclaren, Dunlop Rubber Co. Ltd. I C. G. B. n!cClure, College of Aeronautics. I I Mr. Uesncr, Bank of Adelaide, A. J. Murphy, College of Anronoutics. H. E, Read, Impcrial College Exploration Board. I. Flobcrtson, College of AcrmauCics. Miss Sherriff, Board of Trado, 1 L. Snow, Shall-Hex and B.P. Ltd. C. S. Gtappard, Board of Tradc. A. Stephenson, Imperial College Exploration Board. A.B.E. Strang, Rover Motor Co. of North lmorica Ltd. I 1 P, Taylor, Imperial College Fxploration Board. I l!ro Wright, Ba,nk of Adelaide. I H. J. E. Wyld, Royel Automobile Club. '11 Acknowledgement is also madc to the many poople who 1 ganerously extended hospitality and help to the crew during the expodit ion. Ihe Unitod Kingdom Trado Commissions in Africa and the I Comncrcial Sections of %he British Embassies in South America are sincerely thanked for their invaluable help in establishing contacts *(rzq.oi?og) squ't?x~*u: (oq.ynD) 1Cso~q*H (QUIT?) uopxo3 *!A *a pue a8u't?xq.s~,q *dad*T (zed 87) uaITV *a (oBrz~.q.uxqj) uo~urqog"3 '8 (ssx~.~souot~) sy2yjjyxg *I' ' (oopy~or~uo~Q osozo't?q parz xo~Lrz;r,*I '(oxyourzf op org) q.oyITg 01q *(UMO& ads3) Lax3 *I (u~qxrq)qureq *~-~i[ ' (8xnqsamrzqof) aoq.Tog '8 "1 purz ayyooH '3 ((sy~~o~oxd)Lax3 (Aknqsy~q)UMOX~ *!!, (rqozyrz~~)puouda 08'3 (mnprzg) uuynb *p 8 QZnM pahIohur s-pnppypuy oyll *uorq.'t?8-pq.sonuypoTq.n=uoxoa o yq. xo,~ INTRODUCTION . -- .-.,-.--- In January 1959 the three members of the oxpodition, who were at that time' all doing post--graduate worlc in the acronautics department of Imperial College, decided to investigate tho possibility of ma1cing.a survey of aviation activities in Africa and South .America. In Narch of that year IIyde made application for the John de Havilland Awzrd, a &400 grant which is administered by the Society of British Aircraft Constructors and is in memory of Sir Geoffrey and Lady dc Ha,villandts third son. This money is givcn annually in support of projects related to the aircraf%. indnstry or airline operztion and the cxpsditionls proposal to strrrfiy airline operations in prlmiti7.e and isolatod areas of Africa and South America won for Ilyde the 1959 award. Detailed plans for the c~xpeditionwcre meanwhile being made by all thrco me.nbors. In March 195?9 Kelbourne purchased a 1952 Land Rover for the journey; the British Council and the Commercial Relationand Exports Dopartmcnt of the Board of Trade wore approached to assis%.in contacting aviation: officials in thc countrios to be visited. Through tho latter group United Kingdom Trade Commissioners or Commercial Secrctnrios connected with British Rtnbassios wcre contacted in every area of Africa and South Amcricag those officials provided the expedition with invaluable introductions throughou* the route, In November1959, the proposals for the journey received the authorization and suppor-b of the Imperial College Exploration. Board, and the final name, the Impcrial College Africa and bericas Fxpedition:, was adopted. Erde meanwhile had been mzking an oxtensive investigation of airflold locations and of the existing literature on aircraft operations in the two continents. Tn this work he was assisted by the Ministry of Aviation ilcron~uticalInformation Service and by the Market Research Group of the do Bavilland Aircraft Company. !,ri ri, rofiuit of these investigations, it was decided to concentrate oii .I;llo operations and rcquirernents of light aircraft operators 1lliaa3.n({ .t;lio survey since documentation of those topics was found :1.n ~l~niiycases to be incomplete or out of date, Conaulax. represonthtivss of all tho countries to be visited woro contacteed' and. visas were obtained' for tho African territories, 'I'l1rou~;1itho Royal Automobile Club, the various automobile clubs woro contacted and arrangements vwre mads for the temporary :I,mgoxtstion. of the car into the countries concornod. The Land llovor itself was mcanwhile reconditioned and modified for the ;I ournoy. The expedition: loft London: on Xarch 16, 1960. --DESCRIPTION OF THB EXPEDITION ACTIVITIES Gibraltar was roached one week after the expedition's departure from Londoiz and the crossing to Tangier from Gibraltar vias rncde without difficulty. 11orocco was in e state of emorgcncy at this tino, and some 14 police barriers were oncountcred along the route; at these barriers, a few questions were asked and passports examined boforc the road v?as cloered for the vehicle, At Tlemcen, oil -the l\liorocco-Algeria border, security forces thoroughly chcclrod. the. vehicle arid tnzvel documents, a 2*hour procedure. 3ue to the rebel activity in Algeria, guards wore stationed in alrflost every village ~,r.:ilthordcrs to enforce a strict4 curfew. on travelling at nigh+; canping was consoquerrt;ly forbidden and the expeditioniwas forced to find hotel accommodation. This. curfcw oxtcnded only through Northern Algeria, and was not enforced at Colom0. Becha:, reached thrco days after entering Algeria. This coKtrc marks the start of tho Sahara Desert crossing, although scvcrallarge oases lie betvnecn it and tho heart of the desert itself, and it is thcreforo at Colomb Bochcx thct papexs rclatea to the trans-Sahara journe:r must bc checked. h long tedious dotour bctv~ccnColomb Yochar and Beni Abbes brought us near Adrar, on the outskirts of the dosere sands. Since arriving in ilfrica, wo had scerr mostly militery aviation activity! these operations were quitc oxtensivc, due to the French atomic centre at Reggan es v~cll3,s to the gcnerally high lcvel of French military action throughout Algcria, This activity was not included in our survey, which was restricted to civilian aviation, At lldrar, we waited three days to join a convoy of large trucks, thoreBy avoiding an insurance promiurn levicd on all lone tr~.vollcrs, Our convoy of 4 vehicles liad a compulsory escort of two military nnnourod cars for thc part of,thc journoy nerr Roggan; thcse loft us some 80 kilomctcrs south of thc atomic centre. 'I'l~rj 'I;rc~olcwas marked from Rcggan to Tessalit, on the southern edge 111' 'l,llo ilosort, by 20--litre drums placcd at 5 km. intervals, and the r~rili(l ovor which no travelled was soldom soft enough to neccssitatc 1,110 uno of 4-whc~l drive, Pctrol was pickod up at Balise, Bidon V, iI'~~r~rinLitand Anef is, by arrangement with the Medittcrane-Niger Ocll~~pnnyjwatcr was available only at Tessalit. The convoy trucks wore loft at Gao where the Niger ~iverand ,I,rt:~yyosprasding fig trees made doliglitfully cool and pleasant nrimping conditions. Unfortunately we dr~nkthe Nigor water vrithou'd. :I':l.rnt chlorinating it znd- thcrcby contracted. dysontry, This r~:I.l.mont did not imped.o our progress grcatly howover and we reached N:l,rtmoy on April 13th, ncerly onc month eftcr leaving London. Thb U. K. Trade Commissioner. in Kaduna, the administrative or~pitalof Nigeria, had been contacted by tho Board of Tradc a:aenrding our expoditio~x~and wo spex-b two busy days there wit11 Mr. J, Quinn, the Acting Trade Comrnissionc~. The aviation picture wna complcltcd by a short stqr in Kanog here we learned from Nigcrian Airways of their r~~uctionsin fleet and in dornestic flights an& of! %ho generally disappointing development of native traffic in Nigeria. Tho road througli the former French Equatorial Africa, a1though vow rough and rocky, passed through many small interesting native villages, Wc! saw a few of tho natives from the "bananat' tribe who, unaffected by the approach of civilization, wear no clothos whntsoevor, \r?o wero fortunete to meet and spend a night with an Alnorican Baptist missionary and his family at their mission station nonr Fort hrchamboult, and learned much from them zbcut the natives of the district, Ferry barges, sometinos crudely constructed, afton act as substitutos for expensive bridge^ in the Congo and corry trucks and pooplo from bank to bank;.
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