Notes

Introduction 1. Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora (2009) gives an estimate of 4500, or 0.0004 percent of the estimated Indian population of approximately 1.25 billion (1204). Joan G. Roland estimates in The Jewish Communi- ties of India (1998) that at her time of writing, the Jewish population of India numbered approximately 5000 (267).

Chapter 2 1. It is beyond the scope of this book to fully explore Western atti- tudes towards Nazi persecution of Jews in 1938–1939. Battleground is published after Kristallnacht, which does prompt the United States to withdraw its ambassador from Germany; the British parliament also voiced some objections. However, neither the US nor Britain were pre- pared to address the substantial refugee crisis resulting from events in Germany; France signed a non-aggression pact with Germany later that same year (Mara). 2. T.G. Fraser’s Partition in Ireland, India and Palestine: Theory and Practice (1984) remains the only scholarly work that brings the par- titions of India and Palestine into extended conversation. More work is badly needed, especially in light of the continuation of conflict in both South Asia and the Middle East over the last 30 years. 3. For a full account of the history and politics of Palestine, see Gudrun Krämer’s A History of Palestine (2011).

Chapter 3 1. The problematic association of Jewishness with certain kinds of eco- nomic activity extends well beyond the realm of literature. Consider, for instance, the recent explosion of self-help and business books in China inviting readers to make money “the Jewish way” (Cha D1). A full investigation of this larger phenomenon is beyond the scope of this book. 2. For an account of the events surrounding the destruction of the Babri Masjid by Hindu militants and an analysis of the fallout of the state’s 174 Notes

complicity in the event and the subsequent rioting, see Arvind Sharma, Ed. Hinduism and Secularism: After Ayodhya. New York: Palgrave, 2001. 3. This university’s website is exclusively in English—even the section for the department of Bengali. 4. This image was used on the theatermania website, which is an online venue for theatre ticket purchases. 5. See the theatreinchicago website, for example. 6. This generous ideal is consistently associated with Indigenous cultures in Mauss’s work, among whose practices Mauss hopes to discover the key to understanding a utopic, pre-monetary past. This in and of itself cries out for postcolonial analysis, but that task is beyond the scope of this book.

Chapter 4 1. Gay Courter’s Flowers in the Blood (1991) also narrates the demise of the Baghdadi Jewish community of Calcutta. It is one of several pieces of melodramatic historical fiction based on the lives of nineteenth and early twentieth-century Jewish women that Courter has written. Unlike the other writers discussed in this book, Courter evinces no personal connection to the Indian subcontinent, and her novel works to exoticize Indian Jews; as such, it is beyond the scope of this book. 2. It is beyond the scope of this book to fully examine Ezekiel’s status here, although most critics cite Ezekiel’s modernity and, in particular, the fact that his poetry “breaks away, in content and in style, from the English poetry of the region as it was written during the colonial period” (Dulai 123). 3. All of the citations of poetry in this section refer to Ezekiel’s Collected Poems. 4. Rabbi Ezekiel N. Musleah, who was born in Calcutta, has self-published his own account of his family’s and community’s life, Bits and Pieces: Snitches and Snatches from a Lifetime of Thoughts, Anecdotes and Events (2011) but its limited availability and somewhat haphazard style set it apart from the literary texts discussed in this chapter. Bibliography

Aafreedi, Navras Jaat. “Absence of Jewish Studies in India: Creating a New Awareness.” Asian Jewish Life Autumn 2010. http://asianjewishlife.org/ pages/articles/autumn(2010)/AJL_Feature_Absence_of.html Accessed May 17, 2012. Abramowitz, Yosef I. “A Golden Era for Jewish Books.” http://www.jbooks. com/interviews/index/IP_Corson.htm Accessed Aug. 22, 2011. Afzal-Khan, Fawzia. Cultural Imperialism and the Indo-English Novel: Genre and Ideology in R.K. Naryan, Anita Desai, Kamala Markandya and Salman Rushdie. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993. Ahmad, Aijaz. “The Politics of Literary Postcoloniality.” Race & Class 36.3(1995): 1–20. Ahmad, Dohra. “ ‘This fundo stuff is really something new’: Fundamental- ism and Hybridity in The Moor’s Last Sigh.” The Yale Journal of Criticism 18.1(2005): 1–20. Alcalay, Ammiel. “Exploding Identities: Notes on Ethnicity and Literary His- tory.” In Jews and Other Differences: The New Jewish Cultural Studies.Eds. Jonathan Boyarin and Daniel Boyarin. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. 330–344. Alessandrini, Anthony C. “Reading Bharati Mukherjee, Reading Globaliza- tion.” In World Bank Literature. Ed. Amitava Kumar. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2003. 265–279. Anderson, George K. The Legend of the Wandering Jew. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1991. Anon. “Search for the City’s Psychic Core.” The Telegraph. Mar. 11, 2007. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070311/asp/calcutta/story_7479142. asp Accessed Oct. 12, 2011. Appadurai, Arjun. Fear of Small Numbers: An Essay on the Geography of Anger. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006. Appadurai, Arjun. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996. Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers. New York, NY: Norton, 2007. Appiah, Kwame Anthony. The Ethics of Identity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005. Araeen, Rasheed. “A New Beginning.” Third Text 59(1998): 3–20. 176 Bibliography

Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. The Empire Writes Back: The- ory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures, 2nd Ed. London: Routledge, 2002. Azam, Sofiul. “And So Farewell, My Country.” Postcolonial Text 3.1(2007). http://journals.sfu.ca/pocol/index.php/pct/article/view/660/388 Accessed Sept. 6, 2011. Baker, Stephen. “ ‘You must remember this’: Salman Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature 35.1(2000): 43–54. Baldwin, Shauna Singh. The Tiger Claw. Toronto, ON: Vintage, 2005. Baldwin, Shauna Singh. “About this Book.” 2004. http://www.bookclubs. ca/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780307368393 Accessed Sept. 6, 2011. Baldwin, Shauna Singh. WhattheBodyRemembers. Toronto, ON: Vintage, 2000. Ball, John Clement. “Acid in the Nation’s Bloodstream: Satire, Violence, and the Indian Body Politic in Salman Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh.” International Fiction Review 27.1–2(2000): 37–47. Banerjee, Sarnath. The Barn Owl’s Wondrous Capers. London: Penguin, 2007. Banerjee, Sarnath. Corridor. New Delhi: Penguin, 2004. Barbash, Tom. “With a Vengeance.” San Francisco Chronicle. Sept. 11, 2005. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/ 09/11/RVGB0EH2E11.DTL Accessed Aug. 25, 2011. Barrick, Audrey. “Majority of Americans Celebrate Christmas as a Reli- gious Holiday.” Christian Post Reporter. Dec. 17, 2009. http://www. christianpost.com/news/majority-of-americans-celebrate-christmas-as- religious-holiday-42319/ Accessed June 26, 2012. Bartholomeusz, Dennis. “Shylock’s Shoes: The Art of Localization.” In India’s Shakespeare: Translation, Interpretation, and Performance.Eds. Poonam Trivedi and Dennis Bartholomeusz. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 2005. 227–241. Bauman, Zygmunt. “Allosemitism: Premodern, Modern, Postmodern.” In Modernity, Culture and ‘the Jew.’ Eds. Bryan Cheyette and Laura Marcus. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998. 143–156. Bauman, Zygmunt. “From Pilgrim to Tourist—or a Short History of Iden- tity.” In Questions of Cultural Identity. Eds. Stuart Hall and Paul du Gay. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications, 1996. 18–36. Beck, Evelyn Torton. Kafka and the Yiddish Theater: Its Impact on his Work. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971. Bedekar, Vishram. Battleground. Trans. Yashodhara Deshpande-Maitra. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999. Bénabou, Marcel. “From Jewishness to the Aesthetics of Lack.” Yale French Studies 105(2004): 20–35. Bernstein, Michael. “Unrepresentable Identities: The Jew in Postwar European Literature.” In Thinking About the Holocaust: After Half a Cen- tury. Ed. Alvin Hirsch Rosenfeld. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1997. 18–37. Bhabha, Homi. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994. Bibliography 177

Bhattacharya, Baidik. “Naipaul’s New World: Postcolonial Modernity and the Enigma of Belated Space.” Novel: A Forum on Fiction 39.2(2006): 245–267. Bhattacharya, Madhumita. “My Family and Other Stories.” The Telegraph. Jan. 24, 2003. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1030124/asp/opinion/ story_1603180.asp Accessed May 16, 2012. Billington, Michael. “Calcutta Kosher.” The Guardian.Feb.7, 2004. http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2004/feb/07/theatre Accessed May 22, 2012. Blixen, Karen. Out of Africa. London: Penguin, 1937. Boehmer, Elleke. “Postcolonial Writing and Terror.” In Terror and the Postcolonial. Eds. Elleke Boehmer and Stephen Morton. London: Blackwell, 2010. 141–150. Bolnick, Deborah A., Duana Fullwiley, Troy Duster, Richard S. Cooper, Joan H. Fujimura, Jonathan Kahn, Jay S. Kaufman, Jonathan Marks, Ann Morn- ing, Alondra Nelson, Pilar Ossorio, Jenny Reardon, Susan M. Reverby and Kimberly TallBear. “The Science and Business of Genetic Ancestry Testing.” Science 318.5849(2007): 399–400. Borradori, Giovanna. Philosophy in a Time of Terror: Dialogues with Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2003. Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Trans. Richard Nice. London: Routledge & Kegan, 1984. Boyarin, Jonathan. The Unconverted Self: Jews, Indians and the Identity of Christian Europe. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2009. Boyarin, Jonathan. Thinking in Jewish. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996. Boyarin, Jonathan. Storm From Paradise: The Politics of Jewish Memory. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1992. Boyarin, Jonathan and Daniel Boyarin. Powers of Diaspora: Two Essays on the Relevance of Jewish Culture. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2002. Braidotti, Rosi. Nomadic Subjects: Embodiment and Sexual Difference in Con- temporary Feminist Theory. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1994. Bronner, Stephen Eric. A Rumour About the Jews: Reflections on Antisemitism and the “Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion.” New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press, 2000. Brouillette, Sarah. Postcolonial Writers in the Global Literary Marketplace. New York, NY: Palgrave, 2007. Brown, Judith. Global South Asians: Introducing the Modern Diaspora. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Bruce, Iris. “Kafka’s Metamorphosis: Folklore, Hasidism, and the Jewish Tradition.” Journal of the Kafka Society of America 11.1–2(1987): 9–27. Buchdahl, Angela W. “My Personal Story: Kimchee on the Seder Plate.” Sh’ma: A Journal of Jewish Ideas. June 1, 2003. http://www.shma. 178 Bibliography

com/2003/06/kimchee-on-the-seder-plate/ Reprinted at: http://www. interfaithfamily.com/holidays/passover_and_easter/My_Personal_Story_ Kimchee_on_the_Seder_Plate.shtml on Mar. 28, 2012. Accessed July 5, 2012. Budhos, Marina Tamar. The Professor of Light. New York, NY: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1999. Budhos, Marina Tamar. House of Waiting. New York, NY: Global City Press, 1995. Burkeman, Oliver. “Voyage of Discovery.” The Guardian. Dec. 4, 2002. http://books.guardian.co.uk/firstbook2002/story/0,12366,853425,00. html Accessed Aug. 23, 2011. Burston, Bradley. “ADL Chief Foxman: 30% of Americans Think Jews More Loyal to Israel.” Haaretz. June 12, 2012. http://www.haaretz.com/ news/features/adl-chief-foxman-30-of-americans-think-u-s-jews-more- loyal-to-israel.premium-1.439771 Accessed Nov. 19, 2012. Butler, Judith. Parting Ways: Jewishness and the Critique of Zionism. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2012. Butler, Judith. Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. London: Verso, 2004. Buzard, James. “On Auto-Ethnographic Authority.” The Yale Journal of Criticism 16.1(2008): 61–91. Cantor, Paul A. “Tales of the Alhambra: Rushdie’s use of Spanish history in The Moor’s Last Sigh.” Studies in the Novel 29.3(1997): 323–341. Cha, Ariana Eunjung. “Sold on a Stereotype.” Washington Post. Feb. 7, 2007. D1. Chakrabarty, Dipesh. Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and His- torical Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. Chakrabarty, Dipesh. “Subaltern Studies and Postcolonial Historiography.” Nepantla: Views from the South 1.1(2000): 9–32. Chambers, Claire. “Anthropology as Cultural Translation: Amitav Ghosh’s In an Antique Land.” Postcolonial Text 2.3(2006). http://postcolonial. org/index.php/pct/article/view/489/320 Accessed Jan. 6, 2012. Chatterjee, Margaret. Studies in Modern Jewish and Hindu Thought. London: Macmillan, 1997. Chatterjee, Partha. “The Nationalist Resolution of the Women’s Question.” In Postcolonial Discourses: An Anthology. Ed. Gregory Castle. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001. 151–166. Chatterjee, Partha. The Partha Chatterjee Omnibus. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999. Chaudhuri, Amit. “The Alien Face of Cosmopolitanism: An Indian Reading of Cynthia Ozick on the Woolfs.” In The Indian Postcolonial: A Critical Reader. Eds. Elleke Boehmer and Rosinka Chaudhuri. London: Routledge, 2011. 281–296. Cheyette, Bryan. “Neither Black Nor White: The Figure of ‘the Jew’ in Imperial British Literature.” In The Jew in the Text: Modernity and the Construction of Identity. Eds. Linda Nochlin and Tamar Garb. London: Thames and Hudson, 1995. 31–41. Bibliography 179

Cleary, Joe. Literature, Partition and the Nation-State: Culture and Conflict in Ireland, Israel and Palestine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Clifford, James. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997. Coetzee, J.M. “Palimpsest Regained.” The New York Review of Books. Mar. 21, 1996. Cogley, Richard W. “ ‘Some Other Kinde of Being and Condition:’ The Con- troversy of Mid-Seventeeth-Century England over the Peopling of Ancient America.” Journal of the History of Ideas 68.1(2007): 35–56. Cowart, David. Trailing Clouds: Immigrant Fiction in Contemporary America. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006. Cowley, Jason. “From Here to Kashmir.” The Observer. Sept. 11, 2005. http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2005/sep/11/fiction. salmanrushdie/print Accessed Aug. 23, 2011. Critchley, Simon and Tom McCarthy. “Universal Shylockery: Money and Morality in The Merchant of Venice.” Diacritics 34.1(2004): 3–17. Da Silva, Tony. “Whose Bombay is it Anyway?: Anita Desai’s Baumgartner’s Bombay.” ARIEL 28.3(1997): 63–77. Daiya, Kavita. Violent Belongings: Partition, Gender, and National Culture in Postcolonial India. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2008. Dangor, Achmat. Kafka’s Curse. New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 1997. Daniel, Ruby and Barbara C. Johnson. Ruby of Cochin: An Indian Woman Remembers. Philadelphia, PA: Jewish Publication Society, 2002. Das, Sisir Kumar. “Shakespeare in Indian Languages.” In India’s Shakespeare: Translation, Interpretation, and Performance. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 2005. 47–70. Dauphinee, Elizabeth. “The Ethics of Autoethnography.” Review of Interna- tional Studies 36(2010): 799–818. David, Esther. The Man with Enormous Wings. New Delhi: Penguin, 2010. David, Esther. Shalom India Housing Society. New York, NY: Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 2009. David, Esther. Book of Rachel. New Delhi: Penguin, 2006. David, Esther. Book of Esther. New Delhi: Penguin, 2002. David, Esther. By the Sabarmati. New Delhi: Penguin, 1999. David, Esther. The Walled City. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997. David, Robin. City of Fear. New Delhi: Penguin, 2007. Dayal, Samir. “Subaltern Envy? Salman Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh.” In Reconstructing Hybridity: Postcolonial Studies in Transition. Eds. Joel Kuortti and Jopi Nyman. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2007. 257–308. De Nazareth, Marianne. “Life’s Not a Straight Line.” Deccan Her- ald. Dec. 12, 2004. http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/ dec122004/br2.asp Accessed Aug. 23, 2011. Deleuze, Gilles and Félix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Trans. Brian Massumi. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1987. 180 Bibliography

Deleuze, Gilles and Félix Guattari. Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature.Trans. Dana Polan. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1986. Delman, Carmit. Burnt Bread and Chutney: Growing Up Between Cultures— A Memoir of an Indian Jewish Girl. New York, NY: Ballantine, 2002. Denes, Melissa. “Out of India.” The Guardian. Sept. 2, 2004. http://books. guardian.co.uk/bookerprize2004/story/0,,1295698,00.html Accessed Aug. 23, 2011. Dengle, Rajendra. “Ranangan or Response in Marathi Literature to the Theme of Jewish Emigration.” In Jewish Exile in India 1933–1945.Eds. Anil Bhatti and Johannes H. Voigt. New Delhi: Manohar, 2005. 172–185. Derrida, Jacques. Acts of Religion. Ed. Gil Anidjar. New York, NY: Routledge, 2002. Derrida, Jacques. Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression. Trans. Eric Prenowitz. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996. Derrida, Jacques. Given Time: I. Counterfeit Money. Trans. Peggy Kamuf. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992. Desai, Anita. “Pilgrim’s Progress.” The New York Review of Books 53.6(2006). http://www.nybooks.com/articles/18839 Accessed Aug. 23, 2011. Desai, Anita. Baumgartner’s Bombay. London: Vintage, 1998. Desai, Anita. “Interview with Anita Desai.” In Interviews with Writers of the Post-colonial World. Eds. Feroza Jussawalla and Reed Way Dasenbrook. Jackson, MS: University of Mississippi Press, 1992. 156–179. Dhareshwar, Vivek. “The Predicament of Theory.” In Theory between the Disciplines: Authority, Vision, Politics.Eds.MartinKreisworthandMark A. Cheetham. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1990. 231–250. Dhareshwar, Vivek. “Self-fashioning, Colonial Habitus and Double Exclusion in V.S. Naipaul’s The Mimic Men.” Criticism 31.1(1989): 73–102. Didur, Jill. “Secularism Beyond the East/West Divide: Literary Read- ings, Ethics and The Moor’s Last Sigh.” Textual Practice 18.4(2004): 541–562. Dobrenko, Evgeny. “The Disaster of Middlebrow Taste, or Who ‘Invented’ Socialist Realism?” South Atlantic Quarterly 94.3(1995): 773–806. Dulai, Surjit S. “Nissim Ezekiel: The Father of Contemporary Indian English Poetry.” Journal of South Asian Literature 35.1–2(2000): 123–177. Eaglestone, Robert. “ ‘The Age of Reason was Over ...An Age of Fury was Dawning’: Contemporary Fiction and Terror.” In Terror and the Postcolonial. Eds. Elleke Boehmer and Stephen Morton. London: Blackwell, 2010. 361–169. Edelmann, R. “Ahasuerus, the Wandering Jew: Origin and Background.” In The Wandering Jew: Essays in the Interpretation of a Christian Legend. Eds. Galit Hasan-Rokem and Alan Dundes. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1986. 1–10. Egorova, Yulia. Jews and India: Perception and Image. London: Routledge, 2006. Bibliography 181

Egorova, Yulia. “Jewish Themes in the Press of Independent India.” In Jews, Muslims, and Mass Media: Mediating the “Other.” Eds. Tudor Parfitt and Yulia Egorova. New York, NY: Routledge, 2004. 93–103. Elazar, Daniel J. “The Jewish Community of India.” Jerusalem Centre for Public Affairs. http://www.jcpa.org/dje/articles2/india.htm Accessed Aug. 23, 2011. Ellis, Carolyn. “Telling Secrets, Revealing Lives: Relational Ethics in Research With Intimate Others.” Qualitative Inquiry 13.1(2007): 3–29. Ezrahi, Sidra DeKoven. By Words Alone: The Holocaust in Literature. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1980. Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. Trans. Constance Farrington. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1967. Fatah, Tarek. The Jew is Not My Enemy: Unveiling the Myths that Fuel Muslim Anti-Semitism. Toronto, ON: McClelland and Stewart, 2010. Fernandes, Edna. The Last Jews of Kerala: The 2,000 Year History of India’s Forgotten Jewish Community. New York, NY: Skyhorse Publishing, 2008. Figuera, Dorothy M. Aryans, Jews, Brahmins: Theorizing Authority through Myths of Identity. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2002. “Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.” Corporation for Pub- lic Broadcasting, 2012. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/finding-your-roots/ about/ Accessed June 29, 2012. Finkielkraut, Alain. The Imaginary Jew. Trans. Kevin O’Neill and David Suchoff. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1994. Fischer, Michael M.J. and Mehdi Abedi. “Bombay Talkies, the Word and the World: Salman Rushdie’s Satanic Verses.” Cultural Anthropology 5.2(1990): 107–159. Fortmann, Patrick. “Kafka’s Literary Communities.” Modern Language Review 104(2009): 1038–1062. Fortmann, Patrick. “The Body Politic of Self and Community.” Journal of the Kafka Society of America 29.1–2(1983): 23–28. Foucault, Michel. The Archaeology of Knowledge. Trans. A.M. Sheridan Smith. London: Tavistock, 1972. Frank, Ben G. The Scattered Tribe: Traveling the Diaspora from Cuba to India to Tahiti & Beyond. Guildford, CT: Globe Pequot, 2012. Frantzman, Seth J. “India and Israel: Diverse in a Homogenous World.” Jerusalem Post. May 18, 2009. http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op- EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=142693 Accessed Feb. 29, 2012. Fraser, T.G. Partition in Ireland, India and Palestine: Theory and Practice. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press, 1984. Freedman, Jonathan. Klezmer America: Jewishness, Ethnicity, Modernity. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2008. Freedman, Jonathan. “ ‘Who’s Jewish?’: Some Asian-American Writers and the Jewish American Literary Canon.” Michigan Quarterly Review 42.1(2003): 230–253. 182 Bibliography

Freedman, Jonathan. The Temple of Culture: Assimilation and Anti-Semitism in Literary Anglo-America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Frenkel, Ronit. “Performing Race, Reconsidering History: Achmat Dangor’s Recent Fiction.” Research in African Literatures 39.1(2008): 149–165. Fuchs, Dale. “Spanish Literati Go Loco For All Things Jewish.” For- ward. Aug. 1, 2003. www.forward.com/issues/2003/03.08.01/arts2. html Accessed July 21, 2006. Furman, Andrew. “The Jewishness of the Contemporary Gentile Writer: Zadie Smith’s The Autograph Man.” MELUS 30.1(2005): 3–17. Ganapathy-Doré, Geetha. “Espousing the Strange and the Familiar: Vikram Seth’s Two Lives.” Commonwealth 29.1(2006): 31–40. Gandhi, Ajay. “The Indian Diaspora in Global Advocacy.” Global Networks 2.2(2002): 357–362. Gandhi, M.K. “The Jews.” Harijan. Nov. 26, 1938. Reproduced with permission: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/ JewsGandhi.html Accessed June 5, 2012. Gane, Gillian. “Migrancy, The Cosmopolitan Intellectual, and the Global City in The Satanic Verses.” Modern Fiction Studies 48.1(2002): 18–49. Gannon, Susanne. “The (Im)Possibilities of Writing the Self-Writing: French Poststructural Theory and Autoethnography.” Cultural Studies ⇔ Critical Methodologies 6.4(2006): 474–495. Garb, Tamar. “Modernity, Identity, Textuality.” In The Jew in the Text: Modernity and the Construction of Identity. Eds. Linda Nochlin and Tamar Garb. London: Thames and Hudson, 1995. 20–30. Gebhardt, Gloria. “Ahasverus on the Walkabout: The Motif of the Wandering Jew in Contemporary Australian Fiction.” Antipodes June (2002): 11–16. Ghosh, Amitav. In an Antique Land. London: Granta, 2002. Ghosh, Bishnupriya. “Once there was Cosmopolitanism: Enchanted Pasts as Global History in the Contemporary Novel.” ARIEL 42.1(2011): 11–33. Ghosh, Bishnupriya. “The Postcolonial Bazaar: Thoughts on Teaching the Market in Postcolonial Objects.” Postmodern Culture 9.1(1998). http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v009/9.1ghosh. html Accessed Sept. 19, 2011. Gilman, Sander. “The Fanatic: Philip Roth and Hanif Kureishi Confront Success.” Comparative Literature 58.2(2006): 153–169. Gilman, Sander. Multiculturalism and the Jews. London: Routledge, 2006. Gilman, Sander. The Jew’s Body. New York, NY: Routledge, 1991. Gilroy, Paul. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993. Ginsburg, Elliot K. Sod Ha-Shabbat. Albany, NY: State University of of New York Press, 1989. Giosue, Ghisalberti. “ ‘And the world continues or private fabrication’: An Autobiography of “ ‘shipwreck’ ” and Disorder in V.S. Naipaul’s The Mimic Men.” Journal of Caribbean Literatures 6.1 (2009): 73–92. Goldstein, Eric. L. The Price of Whiteness: Jews, Race, and American Identity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006. Bibliography 183

Greenberg, Robert M. “Anger and Alchemy of Literary Method in V.S. Naipaul’s Political Fiction: The Case of The Mimic Men.” Twentieth Century Literature 46.2(2000): 214–237. Grewal, Inderpal. Transnational America: Feminisms, Diasporas, Neoliberalisms. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005. Gross, John. Shylock: A Legacy and its Legend. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992. Grossberg, Lawrence. “Identity and Cultural Studies: Is That All There is?” In Questions of Cultural Identity. Eds. Stuart Hall and Paul du Gay. Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 1996. 87–107. Guha, Ranajit. “A Colonial City and Its Time(s).” In The Indian Postcolonial: A Critical Reader. Eds. Elleke Boehmer and Rosinka Chaudhuri. London: Routledge, 2011. 334–354. Halkin, Hillel. “Salman Rushdie Surrenders.” Commentary 102.1(1996). http://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/salman-rushdie- surrenders/ Accessed Aug. 22, 2011. Hallward, Peter. Absolutely Postcolonial: Writing between the Singular and the Specific. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001. Hamid, Mohsin. “We’re All on the Same Side.” Time: Asia Mag- azine. Reprinted by permission: http://www.mohsinhamad.com/were allonthsameside.html Accessed Sept. 13, 2011. Hammerschlag, Sarah. The Figural Jew: Politics and Identity in Postwar French Thought. Chicago, IL: University of Chigaco Press, 2010. Ho, Elaine. “The Languages of Identity in Anita Desai’s Baumgartner’s Bombay.” World Literature Written in English 32.1(1992): 96–106. Hopkinson, Nalo. “Maybe They’re Phasing Us In: Re-Mapping Fantasy Tropes in the Face of Gender, Race, and Sexuality.” Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 18.1(2007): 99–108. Huggan, Graham. The Postcolonial Exotic: Marketing the Margins. London: Routledge, 2001. Huggan, Graham. “The Postcolonial Exotic.” Transition 64(1994): 22–29. Hull, Richard. Jews and Judaism in African History. Princeton, NJ: Markus Weinter Publishers, 2009. Isaac-Edersheim, E. “Ahasver: A Mythic Image of the Jew.” In The Wan- dering Jew: Essays in the Interpretation of a Christian Legend. Eds. Galit Hasan-Rokem and Alan Dundes. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1986. 195–210. Islam, Manzu. Burrow. Leeds: Peepal Tree Press, 2004. Islam, Manzu. “Nomads and Minorities.” Rhizomes 3(2001). http://www. rhizomes.net/issue3/islam.htm Accessed Sept. 8, 2011. Israel, Rachel Rukmini. The Jews of India: Their Story. New Delhi: Mosaic Books, 2002. Israel, Rivka. “At Home in India.” The Hindu. July 6, 2003. http://www. hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2003/07/06/stories/2003070600250300.htm Accessed May 16, 2012. 184 Bibliography

Itzkowitz, Joel B. “Jews, Indians, Phylacteries: Jerome on Matthew 23.5.” Journal of Early Christian Studies 15.4(2007): 563–572. Iyer, Nalini. “No Place to Call Home: Citizenship and Belonging in M. G. Vassanji’s The In-Between World of Vikram Lall.” In Negotiating Afropolitanism: Essays on Borders and Spaces in Contemporary African Lit- erature and Folklore. Eds. Jennifer Wawrzinek and J. K. S. Makokha. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2011. 205–214. Jameson, Fredric. “World Literature in an Age of Multinational Capitalism.” In The Current in Criticism: Essays on the Present and Future in Literary Theory. Eds. Clayton Koelb and Virgil Lokke. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 1987. 139–158. Jen, Gish. Mona in the Promised Land. London: Granta, 1996. Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer. My Nine Lives. Washington, DC: Shoemaker & Hoard, 2005. Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer. In Search of Love and Beauty.NewYork,NY: Touchstone, 1983. Jofen, Jean. “The Jewish Element in the Works of Franz Kafka.” Yiddish 5.4(1984): 87–106. Johnson, Barbara C. ‘Our Community’ in Two Worlds: The Cochin Paradesi Jews in India and Israel. Dissertation. University of Massachussetts, 1985. Jones, Stephanie. “The Politics of Love and History: Asian Women and African Men in East African Literature.” Research in African Literatures 42.3(2011): 166–186. Joseph, May. “Of Hybrids and Postcolonial Debris: Shishir Kurup’s Assimilations.” Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism 9.2(1995): 134–140. Judah, Sophie. DroppedfromHeaven. New York, NY: Schocken Books, 2007. Kalliney, Peter. “Globalization, Postcoloniality, and the Problem of Literary Studies in The Satanic Verses.” Modern Fiction Studies 48.1(2002): 50–82. Kamath, Rekha and Rainer Lotz. “Interculturality: A View from Below. Anita Desai’s Baumgartner’s Bombay.” In Jewish Exile in India. Eds. Anil Bhatti and Johannes Voigt. New Delhi: Manohar Press, 1999. 163–171. Kanofsky, Joseph A. “Kafka, Nahman of Bratslav, and the Judaic Literary Imagination.” Symposium 52.4(1999): 196–203. Kapadia, Parmita. “Transnational Shakespeare: Salman Rushdie and Intertextual Appropriation.” Borrowers and Lenders: The Journal of Shakespeare and Appropriation 3.2(2008). http://www.borrowers.uga. edu/cocoon/borrowers/request?id=781652 Accessed Aug. 22, 2011. Katz, Nathan. “The Identity of a Mystic: The Case of Sa’id Sarmad, a Jewish- Yogi-Sufi Courtier of the Mughals.” Numen 47.2(2000): 142–160. Katz, Nathan. Who are the Jews of India? Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2000. Keulks, Gavin. “New York, Los Angeles, and Other Toxicities: Revisit- ing Postmodernism in Rushdie’s Fury and Shalimar the Clown.” In The Mourning After: Attending the Wake of Postmodernism. Eds. Neil Brooks and Josh Toth. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2007. 143–167. Bibliography 185

Kibria, Nazli. “South Asian Americans.” In Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues. Ed. Pyong Gap Min. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2006. 206–227. Koshy, Susan. “Minority Cosmopolitanism.” PMLA 126.3(2011): 592–609. Kostelanetz, Richard. The End of Intelligent Writing: Literary Politics in America. New York, NY: Sheed and Ward, 1973. Krämer, Gudrun. A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel. Trans. Graham Harman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011. Krishnamoorthy, Kaushalya. “India and the Exile Experience as Mirrored in the Writings of Jewish Exiles and Indian Writers.” Dissertation. Wayne State University, 2003. Krishnaswamy, Revathi. “Mythologies of Migrancy: Postcolonialism, Postmodernism and the Politics of (Dis)location.” ARIEL 26(1995): 125–146. Kruger, Loren. “ ‘Black Atlantics,’ ‘White Indians’ and ‘Jews’: Locations, Locutions, and Syncretic Identities in the Fiction of Achmat Dangor and Others.” Unisa English Studies 7.2(2002): 34–50. Kumar, Vinoda and Shiv Kumar. “The Indianness of Ezekiel’s Indian English Poems: An Analysis.” Kunapipi 9.1(1987): 21–29. Kumaraswamy, P.R. India’s Israel Policy. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2010. Kumaraswamy, Thangara, Federica Crivellaro, Rakesh Tamang, Shashank Upadhyay, Varun Kumar Sharma, Alla G. Reddy, S. R. Walimbe, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Toomas Kivisild, and Lalji Singh. “The Influence of Natural Barriers in Shaping the Genetic Structure of Maharashtra Popula- tions.” PLoS ONE 5(12): e15283. http://www.plosone.org/article/info: doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0015283 Accessed July 3, 2012. Kunzru, Hari. Gods without Men. London: Hamish Hamilton, 2011. Kureishi, Hanif. My Ear at His Heart: Reading My Father. London: Faber and Faber, 2004. Kureishi, Hanif. Love in a Blue Time. New York, NY: Scribner, 1997. Kurup, Shishir. “Merchant on Venice.” In Beyond Bollywood and Broadway: Plays from the South Asian Diaspora. Ed. Neilesh Bose. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2009. 93–158. LaCapra, Dominick. Writing History, Writing Trauma.Baltimore,MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. Lal, Ananda. “Re-creating The Merchant of Venice on the Indian Stage: A Director’s Note.” In India’s Shakespeare: Translation, Interpretation, and Performance. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 2005. 218–226. Lalami, Laila. “Seth’s Portrait of an Improbable Marriage.” The Boston Globe. Jan. 22, 2006. http://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2006/01/ 22/seths_portrait_of_an_improbable_marriage Accessed Aug. 23, 2011. Laouyene, Atef. “Andalusian Poetics: Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh and the Limits of Hybridity.” ARIEL 38.4(2007): 143–165. 186 Bibliography

Le Hunte, Bem. There, Where the Pepper Grows. Sydney: Harper Perennial, 2005. Leibovitz, Leil. “The Business of Jewish Book Fairs.” Jewish Week. June 10, 2005. Reprinted with permission by Combined Jewish Philanthropies: http://www.cjp.org/content_display.html?ArticleID=154666 Accessed Aug. 23, 2011. Leschnitzer, Adolf F. “The Wandering Jew: The Alienation of the Jewish Image in Christian Consciousness.” In The Wandering Jew: Essays in the Interpretation of a Christian Legend. Eds. Galit Hasan-Rokem and Alan Dundes. Bloomington, IN: Indiana U P, 1986. 227–235. Levine, Judith. “White Like Me.” In Privilege: A Reader. Eds. Michel S. Kimmel and Abby L. Ferber. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2003. 189–194. Levitt, Laura. “Impossible Assimilations, American Liberalism and Jewish Dif- ference: Revisiting Jewish Secularism.” American Quarterly 59.3(2007): 87–832. Madan, T.N. Modern Myths, Locked Minds: Secularism and Fundamentalism in India. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Mahabir, Kumar. “Indian Book Publishing in the Caribbean.” South Asian Outlook. April 2004. http://www.southasianoutlook.com/issues/2004/ april/indocarib1003.html Accessed Aug. 25, 2011. Mahadevan, Meera. Shulamith. New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann, 1975. Maharaj, Nageshwar A. International Conspiracy Against Indians. Bombay: Supraja Prakashan, 1974. Malieckal, Bindu. “Shakespeare’s Shylock, Rushdie’s Abraham Zogoiby and the Jewish Pepper Merchants of Precolonial India.” The Upstart Crow 21(2001): 154–169. Mandel, Naomi. “Rethinking ‘After Auschwitz’: Against a Rhetoric of the Unspeakable in Holocaust Writing.” Boundary 2 28.2(2001): 203–228. Mara, Wil. Kristallnacht: Nazi Persecution of the Jews in Europe. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish, 2010. Martin, David. General Amin. London: Faber and Faber, 1974. Marwah, Gyan. “Anita Desai-4 Decades of Prose.” The South Asian. October 2004. http://www.the-south-asian.com/Oct2004/anita_desai_ the_zigzag_way.htm Accessed July 6, 2005. Marx, Karl. Early Writings. Trans. and Ed. T.B. Bottomore. New York, NY: McGraw Hill, 1963. McIntyre-Bhatty, Karen. “Escaping the Molar: Excavating Territories in Manzu Islam’s Burrow.” The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 42.3(2007): 25–43. Mehta, Ved. All for Love. New York, NY: Thunder Mouth’s Press, 2001. Melady, Thomas and Margaret Melady. Idi Amin Dada: Hitler in Africa. Kansas City, KS: Sheed Andrews and McMeel, 1977. Melchiori, Barbara Arnett. Terrorism in the Late Victorian Novel. London: Croom Helm, 1985. Bibliography 187

Meyer, Raphael and Aharaon Daniel. “Jews of India.” The South Asian. March 2001. http://www.the-south-asian.com/March2001/Jews_ of_India-Intro.htm Accessed July 6, 2005. Reprinted: http://www. hinduunity.org/jewsofindia.html Accessed June 26, 2012. Miles, William F.S. “Third World Views of the Holocaust.” Journal of Genocide Research 6.3(2004): 371–393. Miniter, Richard. Disinformation: 22 Media Myths that Undermine the War on Terror. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, 2005. Mishra, Pankaj. “Two Lives: Aunt Henny and Uncle Shanti.” The New York Times. Nov. 6, 2005. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/06/books/ review/06mishra.html?pagewanted=2 Accessed Aug. 23, 2011. Mishra, Vijay. Literature of the Indian Diaspora: Theorizing the Diasporic Imaginary. London: Routledge, 2007. Mishra, Vijay. “Postcolonial Differend: Diasporic Narratives of Salman Rushdie.” ARIEL 26.3(1995): 7–45. Modood, Tariq. “South Asian Assertiveness in Britain.” In Transnational South Asians: The Making of a Neo-Diaspora. Eds. Susan Koshy and R. Radhakrishnan. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2008. 124–145. Mohanty, Niranjan. “Irony in the Poetry of Nissim Ezekiel.” World Literature Today 69.1(1995): 51–55. Moore-Gilbert, Bart. “Postcolonialism and ‘The Figure of the Jew’: Caryl Phillips and Zadie Smith.” In The Contemporary British Novel Since 1980. Eds. James Acheson and Sarah C.E. Ross. New York, NY: Palgrave, 2005. 106–117. Morton, Stephen. “ ‘There were collisions and explosions. The world was no longer calm’: Terror and Precarious Life in Salman Rushdie’s Shalimar the Clown.” Textual Practice 22.2(2008): 337–355. Mufti, Aamir R. Enlightenment in the Colony: The Jewish Question and the Crisis of Postcolonial Culture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007. Mufti, Aamir R. “Secularism and Minority: Elements of a Critique.” Social Text 45(1995): 75–96. Mukherjee, Bharati. “Imagining Homelands.” In Letters of Transit: Reflections on Exile, Identity, Language and Loss. Ed. Andre Aciman. New York, NY: The New Press, 1999. 68–86. Mukherjee, Bharati. The Middleman and Other Stories.NewYork,NY: Fawcett Crest, 1988. Mukherjee, Bharati. Darkness. Markham, ON: Penguin, 1985. Musleah, Ezekiel N. Bits and Pieces: Snitches and Snatches from a Lifetime of Thoughts, Anecdotes and Events. Xlibris Corporation, 2011. Nahshoni, Kobi. “Most Israelis eat kosher for Pesach.” Ynet News. Mar. 28, 2007. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3382080, 00.html Accessed June 21, 2012. Naipaul, V.S. ABendintheRiver. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979. Naipaul, V.S. The Mimic Men. London: Picador, 1967. 188 Bibliography

“National Jewish Population Survey.” http://www.jewishfederations.org/ local_includes/downloads/3905.pdf Accessed June 21, 2012. Nesbitt, Laura. “Creating Identity out of the Postcolonial Void.” Journal of African Literature and Culture (2006): 117–132. Neumann, Fritz-Wilhelm. “The Moor’s Last Sigh: Rushdie’s Intercultural Fam- ily Saga.” In Intercultural Encounters: Studies in English Literature.Eds. Heinz Antor and Kevin L. Cope. Heidelberg: Universitatverlag, 1999. 467–478. Newman, Judie. “History and Letters: Anita Desai’s Baumgartner’s Bombay.” World Literature Written in English 30.1(1990): 37–46. Nilus, Sergei Alexandrovich. Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion.Trans. Victor E. Marsden. Ready, WV: Liberty Bell Publications, nd. Nochlin, Linda. “Starting with the Self: Jewish Identity and Its Represen- tation.” In The Jew in the Text: Modernity and the Construction of Identity. Eds. Linda Nochlin and Tamar Garb. London: Thames and Hudson, 1995. 7–19. O’Brien, Susie. “Serving a New World Order: Postcolonial Politics in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Remains of the Day.” Modern Fiction Studies 42.4(1996): 787–806. Padmavathi, B.V.V. “Women Consciousness in Postcolonial Literature.” In Psycho Dynamics of Women in the Post Modern Literature. Ed. S. Prasanna Sree. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2008. 17–31. Paranjape, Makarand. “A Poetry of Proportions: Nissim Ezekiel’s Quest for the Exact Name.” South Asian Review 26.2(2005): 79–95. Reproduced at: http://www.makarand.com/acad/EzekielforSAR.htm Accessed June 11, 2012. Parashkevova, Vassilena. “ ‘Turn Your Watch Upside Down in Bombay and You See the Time in London’: Catoptric Urban Configurations in Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses.” The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 42.5(2007): 5–24. Parciack, Ronie. “Displacing Authority, Exoticizing the Self: Indinanness and Jewishness in the Literary Work of Esther David.” In South Asia and its Others: Reading the “Exotic.” Eds. V. G. Julie Rajan and Atreyee Phukan. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009. 11–31. Parfitt, Tudor and Yulia Egorova. Genetics, Mass Media and Identity: A Case Study of the Genetic Research on the Lemba. London: Taylor and Francis, 2006. Parfitt, Tudor and Emanuela Trevisan Semi. Judaising Movements: Studies in the Margins of Judaism. London: Routledge, 2002. Pathak, Archana A. “Opening My Voice, Claiming My Space: Theorizing the Possibilities of Postcolonial Approaches to Ethnography.” Journal of Research Practice 6.1(2010), Article M10. Penslar, Derek. Shylock’s Children: Economics and Jewish Identity in Modern Europe. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001. Phillips, Caryl. The European Tribe. New York: Vintage, 2000. Bibliography 189

Podhertz, Norman. Why are Jews Liberals? New York, NY: Doubleday, 2009. Posner, Richard. Law and Literature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998. Primack, Karen. “Portrait of a Congregant: Nissim Moses.” Kulanu. 2007. http://www.kulanu.org/india/nissim.php Accessed June 13, 2012. Raban, Jonathan. “Savage Boulevards, Easy Streets.” The New York Times. June 19, 1988. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/19/books/savage- boulevards-easy-streets.html?scp=1&sq=%22savage%20boulevards,% 20easy%20streets%22&st=cse Accessed Sept. 8, 2011. Radway, Janice. “The Scandal of the Middlebrow: The Book-of-the-Month Club, Class Fracture, and Cultural Authority.” South Atlantic Quarterly 89.4(1990): 703–736. Rao, R. Raj. Nissim Ezekiel: The Authorized Biography. New Delhi: Viking, 2000. Rapaport, Herman. “Archive Trauma.” Diacritics 28.4(1998): 68–81. Reddy, Sheela. “It took me long to come to terms with myself. Those were painful years.” Outlook India. Oct. 2, 2006. http://www.outlookindia. com/article.aspx?232671 Accessed Nov. 28, 2011. Rhine, Marjorie E. “Satanic Verses and Kafka’s Curse: Kafkan Echoes in Sto- ries of Mutable Migrant Identities.” Journal of the Kafka Society of America 27.1–2(2003): 57–64. Rideout, Walter. “ ‘O Workers’ Revolution ...TheTrueMessiah’:TheJew as Author and Subject in the American Radical Novel.” American Jewish Archives 11(1959): 157–175. Roland, Joan G. The Jewish Communities of India: Identity in a Colonial Era. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1998. Roland, Joan G. Jews in British India: Identity in a Colonial Era. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1989. Romero, Simon. “Hispanics Uncovering Roots as Inquisition’s ‘Hidden’ Jews.” The New York Times. Oct. 29, 2005. http://www.nytimes.com/ 2005/10/29/national/29religion.html Accessed Mar. 2, 2012. Rothberg, Michael. Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009. Roy, Amit. “A Tale of Two Cities.” The Telegraph. June 20, 2004. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040620/asp/look/story_3392067.asp Accessed May 22, 2012. Roy, Parama. Indian Traffic: Identities in Question in Colonial and Postcolonial India. Berkeley, CA: U California P, 1998. Rozenberg-Zoltowska, Helene. “The Image of the Jew in The Mimic Men by V.S. Naipaul: Reciprocal Inherent Negation.” Commonwealth 11.1(1988): 107–113. Rushdie, Salman. Shalimar the Clown. London: Jonathan Cape, 2005. Rushdie, Salman. The Satanic Verses. London: Vintage, 1998. Rushdie, Salman. The Moor’s Last Sigh. London: Vintage, 1996. Rushdie, Salman. Midnight’s Children. London: Vintage, 1995. 190 Bibliography

Rushdie, Salman. Imaginary Homelands: Essays in Criticism 1981–1991. London: Granta, 1991. Rushdie, Salman. Shame. London: Picador, 1984. Said, Edward. Orientalism. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1995. Said, Edward. Culture and Imperialism. New York, NY: Vintage, 1994. Saltzman, Devyani. Shooting Water. New York, NY: Newmarket Press, 2006. Sarinjeive, Devi. “Transgressions/transitions in Three Post-1994 South African Texts: Pamela Jooste’s Dance With a Poor Man’s Daughter, Bridget Pitt’s Unbroken Wing and Achmat Dangor’s Kafka’s Curse.” Journal of Literary Studies 18.3–4(2002): 259–274. Sartre, Jean-Paul. Anti-Semite and Jew. Trans. George J. Becker. New York, NY: Schocken Books, 1948. Sastry, Sailaja. “Assuming Identities: Kafka’s Curse and the Unsilenced Voice.” Journal of Literary Studies 18.3–4(2002): 275–283. Satpathy, Sumanyu. “Ezekiel’s India and Mahapatra’s: A Fresh Look at their Poetry.” In Many Indias, Many Literatures: New Critical Essays.Ed. Shormishtha Panja. Delhi: Worldview Publications, 1999. 51–65. Schultheis, Alexandra W. “Postcolonial Lack and Aesthetic Promise in The Moor’s Last Sigh.” Twentieth Century Literature 47.4(2001): 569–595. Seth, Vikram. Two Lives. Toronto, ON: McArthur & Co., 2005. Seth, Vikram. A Suitable Boy. London: Phoenix, 1993. Shakespeare, William. “The Merchant of Venice.” In The Norton Shakespeare. Eds. Stephen Greenblatt, Walter Cohen, Jean E. Howard and Katharine Eisaman Maus. New York, NY: Norton, 1997. 1081–1145. Sharma, Arvind, Ed. Hinduism and Secularism: After Ayodhya.NewYork, NY: Palgrave, 2001. Sharma, Shailja. “Salman Rushdie: The Ambivalence of Migrancy.” Twentieth Century Literature 47.4(2001): 596–618. Shepard, Sadia. The Girl From Foreign: A Search for Shipwrecked Ancestors, Forgotten Histories, and a Sense of Home. New York, NY: Penguin, 2008. Shepherd, Ronald. Ruth Prawer Jhabvala in India: The Jewish Connection. Delhi: Chanakya Publications, 1994. Shetty, Sandhya and Elizabeth J. Bellamy. “Postcolonialism’s Archive Fever.” Diacritics 30.1(2000): 25–48. Sidhwa, Bapsi. An American Brat. Minneapolis, MN: Milkweed Editions, 2006. Siegumfeldt, Inge Birgitte. “Re-Circumcising Derrida.” Orbis Litterarum 56.1(2001): 1–16. Silas, Shelley. Calcutta Kosher. London: Oberon Books, 2004. Silliman, Jael. Jewish Portraits: Indian Frames: Women’s Narratives from a Diaspora of Hope. Calcutta: Seagull Books Private Limited, 2001. Singh, Maina Chawla. Being Indian, Being Israeli: Migration, Ethnicity and Gender in the Jewish Homeland. New Delhi: Manohar, 2009. Sinha, Kaliprasanna. The Observant Owl. Trans. Swarup Roy. New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2007. Bibliography 191

Sinha, Mrinalini. Colonial Masculinity: The “Manly Englishman” and the “Effeminate Bengali” in the Late Nineteenth Century. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995. Sinha, Sunita. Post-Colonial Women Writers: New Perspectives. New Delhi: Atlantic, 2008. Slapak, Orpa, Ed. The Jews of India: A Study of Three Communities. Exhibition catalog, Israel Museum [Muzeon Yisra´ el]. Rpt., Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2001. Smith, Zadie. The Autograph Man. London: Penguin, 2002. Smith, Zadie. White Teeth. London: Penguin, 2000. Song, Min Hyoung. “The Children of 1965: Allegory, Postmodernism and Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake.” Twentieth Century Literature 53.3(2007): 345–370. Spencer, Robert. “Salman Rushdie and ‘The War on Terror.’ ” Journal of Postcolonial Writing 46.3(2010): 251–265. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward A His- tory of the Vanishing Present. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. “Can the Subaltern Speak?” In Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Eds. Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg. London: Macmillan, 1998. 271–313. Srivastava, Neelam. “Anthologizing the nation: Literature anthologies and the idea of India.” Journal of Postcolonial Writing 46.2(2010): 151–163. Srivastava, Neelam. “Amitav Ghosh’s Ethnographic Fictions: Intertextual Links between In An Antique Land and His Doctoral Thesis.” The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 36.2(2001): 45–64. Staines, David. “Born to write on Richler.” The Globe and Mail. May 1, 2009. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/books/ born-to-write-on-richler/article1127747/ Accessed Sept. 22, 2011. Stone, Dan. “The Historiography of Genocide: Beyond ‘Uniqueness’ and Ethnic Competition.” Rethinking History 8.1(2004): 127–142. Sue, Eugène. The Wandering Jew. Trans. Anon. New York, NY: Modern Library, 1940. Taylor, Charles. “The Politics of Recognition.” In Multiculturalism.Ed.Amy Gutmann. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992. 25–73. Theatreinchicago. http://www.theatreinchicago.com/playdetail.php?playID =1319 Accessed Aug. 26, 2011. Theatremania. https://www.theatermania.com/new-york/shows/merchant- on-venice_106158/cast/ Accessed Aug. 26, 2011. Thieme, John. “A Hindu Castaway: Ralph Singh’s Journey in The Mimic Men.” Modern Fiction Studies 30.3(1984): 505–518. Timberg, Thomas A. “Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Jews.” In Studies of Indian Jewish Identity. Ed. Nathan Katz. New Delhi: Manohar, 1999. 135–152. Trivedi, Harish. “Rushdie into Hindi: Midnight’s Children on Native Ground.” The Book Review 12.12(1998): 35–37. 192 Bibliography

Trivedi, Poonam. “Introduction.” In India’s Shakespeare: Translation, Inter- pretation, and Performance. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 2005. 13–43. Trubowitz, Lara Andreya. “Reconfiguring the Wanderer: Jewishness, Twentieth-Century Literature and the Political Imagination.” Dissertation. University of Iowa, 2001. Uirak, Kim. “Diaspora and Imperialism in Salman Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh.” Studies in Modern Fiction 11.2(2004): 203–222. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Protocols of the Elders of Zion: Timeline.” http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php? ModuleId=10007244 Accessed Aug. 15, 2011. Vassanji, M. G. Mordecai Richler. Toronto, ON: Penguin, 2009. Vassanji, M. G. The In-Between World of Vikram Lall. Toronto, ON: Anchor, 2004. Venkateswarlu, D. “Jewish Experience in India.” The Journal of Indo-Judaic Studies 1.7–8(2004–2005): 12–24. Walkowitz, Judith R. “The Indian Woman, the Flower Girl, and the Jew: Photojournalism in Edwardian London.” Victorian Studies 42.1(1998/1999): 3–46. Walter, Natasha. “The Children of Paradise.” The Guardian. Sept. 3, 2005. http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2005/sep/03/fiction.salmanrushdie Accessed Aug. 23, 2011. Weil, Shalva. “Jews in India.” In Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experience and Culture. Vol. 1. Ed. Mark Avrum Ehrlich. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC Clio, 2009. 1204–1212. Weil, Shalva. “On Origins, the Arts, and Transformed Identities: Foci of Research into the Bene Israel.” In Indo-Judaic Studies in the Twenty-First Century: A View From the Margin. Eds. Nathan Katz, Ranabir Chakravarti, Braj M. Sinha and Shalva Weil. New York, NY: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2007. 147–157. Weil, Shalva. Ed. India’s Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle. Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2003. Weinberger, Theodore. “Philip Roth, Franz Kafka and Jewish Writing.” Journal of Literature and Theology 7.3(1993): 248–258. West, Paul. “The Man Who Didn’t Belong.” The New York Times. Apr. 9, 1989. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE6 D71539F93AA35757C0A96F948260 Accessed Aug. 23, 2011. Wolpert, Stanley. A New History of India. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Yaffe, Martin D. Shylock and the Jewish Question. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press, 1997. Yardley, Jonathan. “A Loving Exploration of the Author’s Shanti Uncle and Aunt Henny and their 20th Century Lives and Letters.” The Washington Post. Oct. 23, 2005. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/ article/2005/10/20/AR2005102001723.html Accessed Aug. 23, 2011. Bibliography 193

Young, James E. Writing and Rewriting the Holocaust: Narrative and the Consequences of Interpretation. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1988. Young, Robert J.C. “Terror Effects.” In Terror and the Postcolonial. Eds. Elleke Boehmer and Stephen Morton. London: Blackwell, 2010. 307–328. Young, Robert J.C. Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001. Zalen, Matt. “Researcher Claims Proof of Tribe of Ephraim in India.” Jerusalem Post. Nov. 14, 2006. http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/ JewishFeatures/Article.aspx?id=41262 Accessed June 28, 2012. Zierler, Wendy. “ ‘My Holocaust is not your Holocaust:’ ‘Facing’ Black and Jewish Experience in The Pawnbroker, Higher Ground and TheNatureof Blood.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 18.1 (2004): 46–67. Index

Note: Locators followed by ‘n’ refer to notes. Aafreedi, Navras Jaat, 169–70 Hindu-Muslim conflict and, Adorno, Theodor, 26 66–7, 68–9, 71–5 Ahmad, Dohra, 28–9, 30, 31, 113 Holocaust origins of, 58 Ahmedabad (Gujarat), 136, 139, Holocaust/prewar letters as, 58, 141 64–80 riots in, 131, 138, 142–3, 147, Indian-Jewish relationships and, 148 64–79 Allen, Woody, 108 of Indian Jews, 16–17, 143–4, Amin, Idi, 110 146–7, 150–8, 163 anti-Semitism in post-9/11 era, 15–16, 84–6 anti-Zionism v.,3–5, 10 relegation of Jews to, 6–7, 15–16, of Battleground, 72–4 17, 48, 59–91, 102–3, 121 genetics and, 171 silence of, 64–71, 75–80 Indian Jews and, 127–33 South Asian reconfiguration of, of Pakistan, 27, 130–1 88–9 of Protocols, 106–10, 111, 112 terrorism and, 82–3, 84–7 in Rushdie’s work, 27, 34–5 tolerance and, 78, 79, 81–5, 88 Shylock and, 16, 93–113, 123–5 Wandering Jew as author of, see also economies, postcolonial, 22–5, 58, 63–4 of Jewishness; Holocaust; Arendt, Hannah, 4 terrorism/violence, as Aryanism, 8 associated with Jews Association of Jewish Libraries, 117 apartheid, 20, 38, 45–50 Atatürk, Kemal, 129 Appadurai, Arjun, 42, 87, 163 autoethnography, 16–17, 151–8 Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 10, 50, see also ethnography 52–3, 90 Azam, Sofiul, 20 archive/past history, 15–16, 57–91 “And So Farewell, My Country,” of Cairo genizah, 58, 59–61, 80 26–7, 34, 47 cosmopolitanism and, 59–64, 67–8, 71, 88–91 Babri Masjid, 102, 113, 160, 173n2 Derrida on, 15, 57–8, 61 babu (Indian clerk), figure of, 108 erasure/denial of Jewishness in, Baghdadi Jews, 13, 14, 99, 149–50, 22–5, 59–71, 78, 89 174n1 ethnography and, 155 Baldwin, Shauna Singh, 1 196 Index

Baldwin, Shauna Singh: The Tiger and competing pulls of India and Claw, 15, 75–9, 88, 168 Israel, 133–42, 144 archive in, 58, 75–6, 78–9, 82 contemporary location of, 144, contemporary terror and, 79–80, 154 81, 82 cosmopolitanism and, 143, erasure of Jewishness in, 77–9 147–8 hybridity/cosmopolitanism in, gendered freedom/experiences 76–8, 83, 87 of, 133–8, 146, 150–8, Indian-Jewish love story in, 75–9 160–1 silence in, 75, 78–9 Indian nationalism and, 129–31, Banerjee, Sarnath, 1 138–9 Corridor,24 and migration to Israel, 13, 127–8, 131–50 Banerjee, Sarnath: The Barn Owl’s Wondrous Capers origin legend of, 151, 163 recipes of, 147, 155–6 archive in, 22–5, 58 see also Indian Jewish writers; erasure/death of Jew in, 22–5, Indian Jews 63–4, 78, 89 Benjamin, Walter, 52, 108 hybridity/cosmopolitanism in, Bhabha, Homi, 47, 95 23, 25, 63–4, 78, 99 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 101, Wandering Jew in, 20, 22–5, 53, 103 63–4, 99 Billington, Michael, 149 Bartholomeusz, Dennis, 102–3 Bissoondath, Neil, 117 Bauman, Zygmunt, 15, 143 Blixen, Karen: Out of Africa,93 Bedekar, Vishram, 72, 167, 169 Bloomberg, Michael, 9 Bedekar, Vishram: Battleground, 58, Bombay, 11, 29, 112 71–5, 77, 169, 173n1 Indian Jews in, 130–1, 135–6, anti-Semitism/stereotyping in, 146, 151–2, 153–4, 155 72–4 see also Desai, Anita: hybridity/cosmopolitanism in, Baumgartner’s Bombay 73–5, 85, 88–9 Booker Prize, 116, 123, 165 Indian nationalism in, 72–4 Book-of-the-Month Club, 114–15 Jewish-Muslim association in, Bose, Subhash Chandra, 73 73–4 Bourdieu, Pierre, 114, 115 publication history of, 71–2, 74 Boyarin,Jonathan,2,5,6,7,153 Bellow, Saul, 11 Boyarin, Jonathan and Daniel, Bénabou, Marcel, 12, 123 19–20, 25–6, 50, 51, 53–4 Bene Israel, 127–63 Brouillette, Sarah, 116, 124 archives of, 16–17, 143–4, Brown, Judith, 19 146–7, 150–8, 163 Bruce, Lenny, 43 autoethnography of, 16–17, Buchdahl, Rabbi Angela, 170–2 151–8 Budhos, Marina Tamar, 20 and community House of Waiting, 39, 54, 100, fragmentation/erasure, 125, 168 135–6, 142–50 The Professor of Light,38 Index 197

Burma, 73, 130 colonialism, British/European Butler, Judith, 4–5, 84–5, 86 assimilation/enslavement by, 36, 94 Cain, figure of, 21 diasporic escape from, 25–6 Calcutta, 11, 22–4, 68, 84 and feminization of Indian men, Baghdadi Jews of, 13, 14, 82, 53, 108 149–50, 174n1 Ghosh and, 61, 62–3 Lal’s Merchant of Venice as set in, Holocaust and, 72–3, 79, 129–30 101, 102 Indian Jews and, 13–14, 129, Cantor, Paul, 44, 113 132 Chakrabarty, Dipesh, 6–7 Jews/Indians and, 6–8, 10–11, Chambers, Claire, 62 13–15, 25–6, 32–3, 107–8 Chatterjee, Margaret, 7, 10 marketable aesthetic of, 120, 169 Chatterjee, Partha, 81, 138 Orientalism and, 13, 14, 62–3, Chaudhuri, Amit, 108 107 Cheyette, Brian, 8 South Asian Muslims and, 10–11 Christianity, 81, 153 Wandering Jew and, 20, 21–2 and figure of Jew, 1–2, 3, 6–9, Zionism and, 81 20–2 Commentary (Jewish magazine), and figure of Shylock, 95, 96, 113 101 communal violence and Jews/Indians, 6–8, 14–15 in Ahmedabad, 131, 138, 142–3, Christmas, celebration of, 37, 65, 147, 148 147, 162 after Babri Masjid destruction, circumcision, 38, 47, 52, 61–2, 76 102, 113, 160, 173n2 and feminization, 53, 108 of Indian partition, 62, 67, as Jewish/Muslim practice, 51, 68–9, 72–4, 84, 85, 130–1, 62, 130, 131 135 Cixous, Hélène, 156 Corson, Rabbi Moshe, 117 Cleary, Joe: Literature, Partition cosmopolitanism and the Nation-State,80 Bene Israel and, 143, 147–8 Cochin, Jews of, 141, 149 difficulties/failures of, 32, 39, Daniel on, 129, 130, 131–2, 133, 73–5, 88–9, 96–8, 109–11 158 hybridity and, 11, 15, 17, 124 decline of/outmigration by, 13, of India, 88–9, 159–60, 29, 127, 131–2, 133 169–70 Fernandes on, 127, 128–9, 136, “minority,” 50–5 152 as postcolonial/diasporic “ideal,” Kerala and, 13, 127, 128–9, 32, 52–3, 87–91, 124, 153, 131–2 167 in The Moor’s Last Sigh, 29, 85, and relegation of Jews to 109, 112 archive/history, 59–64, Coetzee, J.M., 30, 31 67–8, 71, 88–91 Cogley, Richard W., 14 Richler and, 90–1 Cohn-Bendit, Daniel, 5–6, 12–13 rootlessness of, 23, 54–5, 77 198 Index cosmopolitanism—continued competing pulls of India and Yiddish secularism and, 81 Israel in, 133, 138, 140–2 see also Indian nationalism in, 129–30, hybridity/cosmopolitanism, 138–9 from Jewish to South Asian Jewishness/Judaism in, 137, Count of St. Germain, 23 140–2 Coupland, Reginald, 80 miscegenation in, 149 Courter, Gay: Flowers in the Blood, David, Robin, 16, 158 174n1 City of Fear, 133, 142–4 Cowart, David, 100 Dayal, Samir, 29 Cowley, Jason, 41 Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari, Critchley, Simon, and Tom 15, 51–2, 53 McCarthy, 95, 96 Delman, Carmit, 13, 16–17, 150–8 background of, 150–2 Dalit Voice (journal), 109, 111 and location of Bene Israel, 144, Dangor, Achmat, 1, 53 154 Dangor, Achmat: Kafka’s Curse, 15, and racism/Othering, 152–3 42, 45–50, 51 trip to Israel by, 154–5, 157 attitudes to Jewishness in, 46, Delman, Carmit: Burnt Bread and 47–8, 49 Chutney, 150–6, 157, 158, 163 erasure of Jew in, 45, 46–8, 54 as autoethnography, 151–2, 153, hybridity in, 45–6, 48, 49–50 154–5, 157, 158 on Jewishness as White, 20, 38, grandmother as central to, 150–1, 45–50 155–6 miscegenation in, 46, 48–9, 50 readers’ guide to, 153, 163 Daniel, Ruby: Ruby of Cochin: An Derrida, Jacques, 6, 51, 81, 86, 87, Indian Jewish Woman 89–90 Remembers, 129, 130, 131–2, Archive Fever, 15, 57–8, 61 133, 158 “Faith and Knowledge,” 162–3 Darwish, Mahmoud, 4 Given Time, 107, 124–5 Da Silva, Tony, 71, 120, 121 Of Grammatology,57 Das, Sisir Kumar, 101, 106 Desai, Anita, 1, 116–17 David, Esther, 13, 16, 133, 158, on Indian partition, 66–7, 68, 75 160–1, 163 Desai, Anita: Baumgartner’s Book of Rachel, 146–7, 155–6 Bombay, 68–71, 88, 116–17, The Man with Enormous Wings, 137 138 archive in, 58, 68, 70–1, 82 Shalom India Housing Society, cosmopolitanism in, 71, 89, 90, 147–9 119–24 The Walled City, 135–7, 138, denial of Jewishness in, 15, 68, 140, 149 69–71, 120–1 David, Esther: Book of Esther, erasure of Jewishness in, 69–71, 137–42 120–2, 123, 125 animals/pets in, 137, 139–40 Hindu-Muslim conflict in, 68–9, clothing in, 139, 140, 141–2 84 Index 199

Jewish/global readership of, 94, in Baumgartner’s Bombay, 69–71, 119–24 120–2, 123, 125 praise/awards for, 11, 16, 119, Indian Jews and, 135–6, 142–50 122–3 in Kafka’s Curse, 45, 46–8, 54 silence in, 69–71, 79, 121 middleman and, 96, 97–8, 110, stereotyping in, 69, 119–22 125 Wandering Jew in, 90, 119 in There, Where the Pepper Grows, Deshpande-Maitra, Yashodhara, 72 83, 85, 89 Dhareshwar, Vivek, 11, 94 in The Tiger Claw, 77–9 diaspora, Jewish/South Asian, see ethnography, 2, 24, 153, 155 Indian/South Asian autoethnography and, 16–17, postcolonial/diasporic 151–8 experience; Jewish Ezekiel, Nissim, 13, 158–63, 174n2 postcolonial/diasporic “Background, Casually,” 159 experience Collected Poems, 159, 161, 162 Dickens, Charles, 10 “In India,” 159–60 Doré, Gustave: “The Wandering “The Island,” 159 Jew,” 22, 23, 63 Latter Day Psalms, 160 Dreyfus, Alfred, 5–6 “Minority Poem,” 159 Du Maurier, George: Trilby, 113–14 “The Second Candle,” 161–2

East London Mosque, 25 Fagin (Dickens character), 10 economies, postcolonial, of Fanon, Frantz, 181 Jewishness, 16, 93–125 fascism, 34, 129–30 capitalism and, 1, 10, 16, 23, Fatah, Tarek, 10, 79 106–13 Fellahin, 61 marketing and, 113–25 Fernandes, Edna, 127, 128–9, 136, middleman and, 94–101, 106–11, 152 112, 120, 125 Fieldgate Street Great Synagogue and reception of Baumgartner’s (London), 25 Bombay, 119–25 Figuera, Dorothy, 8 Shylock and, 16, 93–113, 123–5 Finding Your Roots (PBS series), terrorism and, 72, 98, 111–12 170–2 and threat of Jewish world Finkielkraut,Alain,2–4,5,6,8,12 domination, 106–10 flight, as metaphor see also Shylock, figure of for mobility of Wandering Jew, 27 Egorova, Yulia, 13, 109, 111, 129 transcendence and, 34, 42, 51 Einstein, Albert, 108 food, 44, 96, 152 Eliot, George: Daniel Deronda,90 of Bene Israel, 138, 139, 147, Emergency (1975–77), 28, 140, 155–6 160 Forster, E.M.: A Passage to India,32 erasure, of Jewishness, 3, 15–16, 17, Foucault, Michel, 70, 156 51, 63 France in The Barn Owl’s Wondrous Jews/Jewishness in, 2–9, 63, 123 Capers, 22–5, 63–4, 78, 89 Jewish migration to, 141–2 200 Index

France—continued Hamid, Mohsin, 35 student unrest in, 5–6, 12–13 Hammerschlag, Sarah, 2, 3, 5–6, 8 wartime resistance in, 42, 75–9, Hendre, Sudhir, 108, 109 86–7 Hindu Mahasabha, 129 Frank, Ben G., 172 Hindu-Muslim conflict Fraser, T.G., 80, 173n2 Holocaust archive/letters and, Fredici, Cesare, 107 66–7, 68–9, 71–5 Freedman, Jonathan, 2, 11–12, 17, Indian partition and, 68–9, 72–4, 98–9, 100, 114, 115 81, 84, 86 and Jewish-Muslim association, 9, Gaddhafi, Muammar, 110 10, 73–4 Gandhi, Indira, 43, 140 in Merchant of Venice adaptations, Gandhi, Leela, 159 101–6 Gandhi, Mahatma, 10, 53, 129–30, see also communal violence; Indian 139 subcontinent, partition of Garb, Tamar, 1–2 Hindu Unity, 127 Gates, Henry Louis, Jr, 170–1 Hitler, Adolf, 66, 76, 77, 79, 110, genetics/genealogy, 12–13, 136, 145 170–2 Ho, Elaine, 71, 120–1 Germany, 6, 20–1, 72, 173n1 Holocaust see also Holocaust Aafreedi on, 169, 170 Ghosh, Amitav, 1, 51, 88 colonialism and, 72–3, 79, Ghosh, Amitav: In an Antique 129–30 Land, 59–63, 64, 78, 88 counterterrorism/resistance and, Cairo genizah in, 58, 59–61, 80 42, 75–9, 84–5 colonialism in, 61, 62–3 erasure/denial of, 64–71, 78, 89 hybridity/cosmopolitanism in, 59–64, 78, 88, 89 as historical reference point, interactions with Egyptians in, 60, 15–16, 69, 71–5, 79–82, 61–2 84–7, 88–9 Middle East politics and, 59, 61, Indian-Jewish relationships of, 80, 104 64–71, 75–9 relegation of Jews to Indian/South Asian writers on, archive/history in, 15, 81–2, 84–90 59–63, 79, 81, 85 and Jewish diaspora, 26 Gilman, Sander, 9, 25, 35, 62, 95, and Jewish identity, 3, 5, 6, 96, 159 81–2 Gilroy, Paul, 69 letters as archive of, 58, 64–80 Globe and Mail, The,43 memorialization of, 88 Goldstein, Eric L., 152–3 9/11 terrorist attacks and, 15–16, Gross, John, 16 84–6 silence of, 64–71, 75–80 Hadassah, 117, 122–3 transnational readings of, Haeems, Nina, 153 64–71 Halkin, Hillel, 113 Howard Ribalow Prize, 122–3 Hallward, Peter, 12 Huggan, Graham, 116–17, 123 Index 201 hybridity and Zionism, 17, 128–30, 140–1, genetics and, 170–2 144, 160, 168 of Indian Jews, 28–9, 142–3, see also entry below; Indian writers; 151–2, 165–6, 168, 172 Israel, as depicted by Indian Indian/South Asian, 25, 40–5, Jewish writers 59–63, 78, 88–9 Indian Jews, 13–14, 73, 127–63 of names, 25, 33, 38, 40, 44–50, anti-Semitism against, 127–33 60, 151, 156 autoethnography of, 16–17, in Rushdie’s work, 15, 27–30, 33, 151–8 37, 41–5, 87, 111–13 as being able to “pass,” 8, 152–5, and terror, 87, 142–3 157 hybridity, of Indian-Jewish British colonialism and, 13–14, relationships 129, 132 in Battleground, 71–5, 85, 88–9 and community in House of Waiting, 39–40, 168 fragmentation/erasure, in Kafka’s Curse, 45–50 135–6, 142–50 in The Tiger Claw, 75–9, 85 and competing pulls of India and hybridity/cosmopolitanism, from Israel, 133–42, 144 Jewish to South Asian, 11, 15, decline of, 13, 29, 127–8, 131–3, 17, 124 135–6 in In an Antique Land, 59–64, divisions among, 128–9 78, 88, 89 hybridity of, 28–9, 142–3, 151–2, in The Barn Owl’s Wondrous 165, 168, 172 Capers, 25, 78 Indian nationalism and, 129–31 in There, Where the Pepper Grows, and migration to Israel, 13, 67, 82–5 127–8, 131–50 in The Tiger Claw, 75–9, 85 and miscegenation, 134, 136, in Two Lives, 25, 64–8, 75, 78, 149–50 88, 168 scholarship on, 128–9 hybridity/syncretism see also Baghdadi Jews; Bene in The Moor’s Last Sigh, 27–30, Israel; Cochin, Jews of 33, 44 Indian National Congress, 139 in Shalimar the Clown, 41–2, 44, Indian nationalism 45, 87, 89 communal violence of, 73–4, 84, 130–1, 135 Inayat Khan, Noor, 58, 75, 79 and Jewish community, 129–31 India, partition of, see Indian and World War II, 72–3 subcontinent, partition of Indian/South Asian postcolonial/ Indian Jewish writers, 13, 16–17, diasporic experience, 19–55 20, 127–63, 165 as global minority, 50–5 archives of, 16–17, 143–4, hybridity/cosmopolitanism of, 146–7, 150–8 11, 15, 17, 124 autoethnography by, 16–17, in London, 25, 31–2, 34, 37, 68, 151–8 90 (in)visibility of, 158–63 in Rushdie’s work, 15, 20, 26–45 202 Index

Indian/South Asian postcolonial/ and Palestine conflict, 9–10, diasporic experience—continued 79–80, 143 and Wandering Jew figure, 20–6 Sadat’s visit to, 105 see also entry below; communal Israel, as depicted by Indian Jewish violence; hybridity/ writers cosmopolitanism, from and appeal of kibbutz, 132, Jewish to South Asian 140–1, 142, 155 Indian subcontinent, partition of, 7 Indian-American experiences in, blaming of Jews for, 108 154–5, 157, 162 communal violence of, 62, 67, migrants’ experiences in, 131–50 68–9, 72–4, 82, 84, 130–1, as refuge from partition violence, 135 128–33 and creation of Pakistan, 28, 61, Zionism and, 128, 140–1, 144 67, 87, 130–1 Israel, Rachel Rukmini, 153 Desai on, 66–7, 68, 75 and Hindu-Muslim conflict, Jacob, Miriam, see Mahadevan, 68–9, 72–4, 81, 84, 85 Meera Holocaust and, 15, 69, 82, 84 Jameson, Fredric, 12, 52, 116 and India’s entry into war, 72–3 Jerome, Saint, 15 migrations caused by, 51, 82, Jew, figure of 130–2, 133, 135, 171 Christianity and, 1–2, 3, 6–9, and partition of Palestine, 72, 20–2 80–1, 86, 129, 131, 173n2 economic activity/capitalism and, Indian writers 1, 10, 16, 22, 93–125 Jewish characters/themes of, 1–2, erasure of, 3, 15–16, 17, 51, 63 11–17 French theory/views on, 2–9, 63, Jewish/global readers and, 95, 123 118–24 as homeless, 27, 73 Jewish writers’ mentoring of, 11 in Indian literature, 1–2, 11–17 see also Indian Jewish writers in left-wing/student politics, 2–3, In Search of the Bene Israel (Shepard 5–6, 12–13 film), 163 liminality of, 11, 84, 98–9, 125 International Conspiracy against marketing/reception of, 113–25 Indians, 108–9, 110 as middleman, 94–101, 106–11, Islam, Manzu, 1, 20, 53 112, 120, 125 Islam, Manzu: Burrow, 15, 32, 48, miscegenation and, 1, 46, 48–9, 168 50, 134, 136, 149–50 diasporic struggle/relationships as “Other,” 2, 3, 12, 14–15, in, 32, 34, 51 23–4, 59–63, 66, 152–3 failed cosmopolitanism in, 32 as racialized, 8, 9, 32–3, 34–5, 40 Kafka’s influence on, 42, 45 as relegated to archive/past Israel, 3–5, 9–10, 122, 163 history, 6–7, 15–16, 17, 48, creation of, 28, 59, 61 59–91, 102–3, 121 Indian Jewish migration to, 13, sexuality of, 1, 23, 46, 47–8, 53, 67, 127–8, 131–50 99, 108, 112, 123 Index 203

as “site of anxiety,” 1–7 Jewish postcolonial/diasporic as spectral, 40–50, 54, 78–9, experience, 2, 6, 7–9, 11–13, 98–100, 125 15–16, 17, 19–55 and terrorism/arms trade, 72, as global minority, 50–5 84–7, 98, 111–12 hybridity/cosmopolitanism of, in U.S. culture, 1, 2, 7, 8, 11–12 11, 15, 17, 124 as “wanderer,” 15, 20–6, 51, Indian Jewish writers and, 13, 53–5 16–17, 20, 127–63, 165 as White, 3, 8–9, 39–40, 45–50, Kafka and, 15, 42, 45, 52–3 152–3 in London, 25, 31–2, 34, 37, 68 and relationship with Israel, 3–5, see also entries immediately below 9–10 Jewish-American writers/readers, in Rushdie’s work, 15, 20, 26–45 11, 114–16, 117–19, 122 as spectral, 40–50, 54, 78–9, see also specific writers 98–100, 125 Jewish Book Council, 117–18 as “wanderers,” 15, 20–6, 51, Jewishness 53–5 aesthetic tastes and, 47–8, 114–19 see also of Asian-American writers, 11–12 hybridity/cosmopolitanism, erasure of, 3, 15–16, 17, 51, 63 from Jewish to South Asian genetics and, 12, 48, 136, 170–2 Jews and Indians/South Asians in Indian literature, 1–2, 11–17 Christianity and, 6–8, 14–15 as “lack,” 6–7, 12, 123–4 colonialism and, 6–8, 10–11, masculinity/femininity of, 53–4 13–15, 25–6, 32–3, 107–8 as global minorities, 50–5 “middlebrow” literature and, 114–16, 122 in London, 25, 31–2, 34, 37, 68 as middlemen, 16, 96–7, 111–13 “normalization” of, 3, 8, 151–3 as racialized, 8, 9, 32–3, 34–5, 40 postcolonial economies of, 16, in Rushdie’s work, 15, 20, 26–45 93–125 see also Indian/South Asian reading as associated with, postcolonial/diasporic 117–19 experience; Jewish as relegated to archive/past postcolonial/diasporic history, 6–7, 15–16, 17, 48, experience 59–91, 102–3, 121 Jews and Muslims, association in Rushdie’s work, 15, 20, 26–45 between, 9, 10–11, 14, 26 South Asian subjectivities and, 11, circumcision as, 51, 62, 130, 131 20, 26, 37–8, 53, 60–1, in diasporic communities, 25, 88–9, 110–11 31–2, 34, 37–40, 68 as spectral, 40–50, 54, 78–9, as global minorities, 50–5 98–100, 125 Hindus and, 9, 10, 73–4 as White, 3, 8–9, 39–40, 45–50, in International Conspiracy book, 152–3 108–9, 110 Zionism and, 3–5, 10, 17, 30–1, in Rushdie’s work, 15, 20, 27–35, 52, 90, 122 36–7, 40–5, 112–13, 168 204 Index

Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer, 165–9 Koshy, Susan, 50–1 Heat and Dust, 165, 166 Kostelanetz, Richard, 115 In Search of Love and Beauty, Kunzru, Hari, 20, 167 166–7, 168 Gods Without Men, 38–9, 40, 54 My Nine Lives, 167, 168 Kureishi, Hanif, 1, 20, 25, 116 Jinnah, Muhammad Ali, 109 Love in a Blue Time,36 Johnson, Barbara C., 131 “My Son the Fanatic,” 36 Joly, Maurice: Dialogue in Hell, 106 “We’re Not Jews,” 35–6 J2 Y-chromosome haplogroup, 171, Kurup, Shishir, 101–2 172 The Adventures of Heeb and Judah, Sophie, 13, 16, 133, 158, Saheeb in the Holographic 160, 163 Universe, 101–2 and location of Bene Israel, 144, Kurup, Shishir: Merchant on Venice 154 (rewrite), 16, 101–6, 111, 124, Judah, Sophie, works by 125 Dropped from Heaven, 144–6 costumes in, 102, 104–5 “The Funeral,” 144–6 Hindu-Muslim conflict in, 101–6 “A Girl from My Hometown,” modernity v. tradition in, 103–4 144 Sharuk as outsider in, 104–5 “My son, Jude Paul,” 130 “Nathoo,” 130 Lahiri, Jhumpa, 51 “Shame under the Chuppah,” Lal, Ananda, 116 157–8 Lal, Ananda: The Merchant of Venice (adaptation), 16, 101–3, 104, Kafka, Franz, 15, 45, 52–3, 54 106, 113, 124 The Metamorphosis, 42, 45, 52, Hindu-Muslim conflict in, 101–3, 53 104, 106 Kashmir, 9, 27 and Shylock’s placement in past, hybridity/syncretism of, 41–2, 102–3 44, 45, 87, 89 Lamming, George, 90 Kashmiriyat, 41, 45, 87, 89 Le Hunte, Bem, 1 Katz, Nathan, 13 Le Hunte, Bem: There, Where the Kaye/Kantrowitz, Melanie, 152 Pepper Grows, 82–5, 119–20 Kehimkar, Haeem Samuel, 13 erasure of Jewishness in, 83, 85, Kenya, 8, 95, 109–10 89 see also Vassanji, M.G.: The Hindu-Muslim conflict in, 84, 85 In-Between World of Vikram Holocaust-9/11 connection in, Lall 15–16, 58, 82–3, 84–5, 111 Kerala, Jews of, 13, 127, 128–9, hybridity in, 83–4, 85 131–2, 132, 152 relegation of Jews to see also Cochin, Jews of archive/history in, 82–5, 88 Kesari (Indian nationalist Lessing, Doris, 90 newspaper), 139 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim: Nathan Khilafat movement, 129 the Wise,54 Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 30–1 Levi, Primo, 35 Index 205

Levinas, Emmanuel, 8 middleman, 94–101, 106–11, 112, Levitt, Laura, 29, 81 120, 125 London, 25, 31–2, 34, 37, 68, 90 invisibility/erasure of, 96, 97–8, 125 Mahadevan, Meera, 16, 158 liminality/marginalization of, Mahadevan, Meera: Shulamith, 95–9 133–6, 144 as shared Jewish/Indian figure, miscegenation in, 134, 149 16, 96–7, 111–13 original title of, 133 and terrorism, 98, 111–12, women’s sacrifices/suffering in, 113 133–6, 150 as Wandering Jew, 99 Maharaj, Nageshwar, 108–9, 110 miscegenation, 1 Malamud, Bernard, 11, 51 Indian Jews and, 134, 136, Malieckal, Bindu, 107, 111 149–50 Malvery, Olive Christian, 14 in Kafka’s Curse, 46, 48–9, 50 Mandel, Naomi, 71, 82 Mishra, Vijay, 11, 19–20, 32 Manorama, 157 Mufti, Aamir, 10, 54, 80–1, 89, 90, marketing of Jewish 125 literature/themes, 113–19 Mukherjee, Bharati, 1, 11, 16, 45, Baumgartner’s Bombay and, 99–100, 117 116–17, 119–25 Jasmine, 99–100 and Jewish readers/consumers, The Middleman and Other Stories, 114–16, 117–19 11, 98–101, 111, 125 “middlebrow” literature and, “The World According to Hsü,” 114–16, 122 97 postcolonial literature and, Müller, Max, 8 115–17 Musleah, Rabbi Ezekiel N., 174n4 and success of Trilby, 113–14 Muslim League (India), 109 Marx, Groucho, 108 Muslims, 9–11, 14, 15 Marx, Karl, 106 and Israel-Palestine conflict, Mauss, Marcel, 107, 174n6 9–10, 79–80, 143 Mehta, Deepa, 156–7 see also Hindu-Muslim conflict; Water (film), 156–7 Jews and Muslims, Mehta, Ved, 1, 20, 118, 167 association between “Maidl,” 40, 53, 54 Melady, Thomas, 110 Nahman of Bratslav, 52 Menon, Krishna, 43 Naipaul, V.S., 16, 116 Merchant Ivory (film company), ABendintheRiver, 97, 101, 166, 169 125 “middlebrow” literature, 114–16, Naipaul, V.S.: The Mimic Men, 94–6, 122 107–11 and marketing of Jewishness, colonial context/discourse of, 94, 113–19 107–8 and postcolonial literature, failed cosmopolitanism in, 94–6, 115–17 97, 109–11 206 Index

Naipaul, V.S.: The Mimic Palestine, partition of Men—continued and creation of Israel, 28, 59, 61 invisibility/erasure in, 96, 110, Holocaust and, 79 125 Khilafat movement and, 129 Shylock figure in, 93, 94–6, 98, and partition of India, 72, 80–1, 100–1, 106, 107–8 86, 129, 131, 173n2 names Palestine-Israel conflict, 9–10, as changed, 38, 45–50 79–80, 143 hybridity of, 25, 44–50 Parciack, Ronie, 136, 140 as literary allusions, 32 Parfitt, Tudor, 12, 14, 170 names, Jewish, 114, 135 partition, see Indian nationalism; as adopted by non-Jew, Indian subcontinent, partition 45–50 of; Palestine, partition of of ancestors/family, 49, 151, Peel, William (1st Earl Peel), 80 156 Penslar, Derek, 5, 96–7 Biblical, 141, 148 Perec, Georges, 123 as changed, 37, 144 Peretz, Y.L., 52 erasure/disavowal of, 78 Phillips, Caryl, 93 hybridity of, 33, 38, 40, 60, 151, polygamy, 151, 156 156 Posner, Richard, 93 of middlemen, 98, 100–1 postcolonialism of Wandering Jews, 22, 34 and archive/past history, 15–16, Nanda, Gulzarilal, 43 57–91 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 73, 140 and economies of Jewishness, 16, Newman, Judie, 69, 121 93–125 9/11, see September 11 terrorist and Indian Jewish experience, attacks 13–14, 127–63 Nochlin, Linda, 63, 88 and partition, 66–7, 68–9, 72–4, Numark, Mitch, 13 75, 80–1 and terrorism, 84–7, 98, 111–12 Olsen, Peter, 117–18 see also Indian/South Asian Orientalism, 13, 14, 62–3, 66, 107, postcolonial/diasporic 123, 168 experience; Jewish Ottoman Empire and Caliphate, postcolonial/diasporic 129 experience; specific subjects Oxford English Dictionary,43 Potok, Chaim, 11, 122 Ozick, Cynthia, 122 Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 106–10, 111, 112 Pakistan anti-Semitism of, 27, 28, 130–1 Qadhi, Yasir, 170–1, 172 creation of, 28, 61, 67, 87, 130–1 Rabin, Yitzhak, 10 Jewish community of, 130–1, Radway, Janice, 114–15 148, 151, 153, 155 Random House, 117–18 Pathan Muslims of, 170 Rao, R. Raj, 158–9, 159–60 Index 207

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Rushdie, Salman: Shalimar the (RSS), 129 Clown, 40–5 Ray, Lisa, 157 cosmopolitanism in, 40–5, 85–7, Richler, Mordecai, 117 88 Vassanji’s biography of, 58, 90–1 flight/transcendence in, 42 Roland, Joan G., 13–14, 128, 132, Holocaust in, 15–16, 42, 85–7, 173n1 88 Roth, Philip, 30, 35–6, 45, 51 Jewish hybridity in, 40–1, 42–3, Rothschild banking family, 97 87 Roy, Amit, 149, 150 Jewish-Indian/Muslim Rushdie, Salman, 1, 25, 35, 53, 116, relationships in, 40–5 160, 167 Kashmiri hybridity/syncretism in, Azam’s poem dedicated to, 26–7 41–2, 44, 45, 87, 89 spectral Jewishness in, 40–5 fatwa against, 30–1 terrorism/counterterrorism in, The Ground Beneath Her Feet,26 41–2, 85–6 and hybridity, 15, 27–30, 33, 37, Wandering Jew in, 41–3 41–5, 87, 111–13 Imaginary Homelands,31 Sadat, Anwar, 105 and Jewish-Muslim relationships, Said, Edward, 4, 6, 26, 107, 123 15, 20, 27–35, 36–7, 40–5, Saltzman, Devyani: Shooting Water, 112–13, 168 156–7 and Jewishness, 15, 20, 26–45 Saltzman, Paul, 156 Kafka’s influence on, 45 Sandler, Adam: “The Chanukah Midnight’s Children, 19, 29–30, Song,” 152 112, 116, 138 Sarmad, 14 Roth’s influence on, 30, 35–6, 45 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 8 Shame, 27, 28 Scherman, Harry, 114 Rushdie, Salman: The Moor’s Last secularism, of religious minorities Sigh, 27–30, 44, 53, 111–13 Indian/South Asian, 38, 54–5, Cochin Jews in, 29, 85, 109, 112 81, 102 criticism of Jewishness in, 27–8, Jewish, 37, 54–5, 65 113 September 11 terrorist attacks economic activity/terrorism in, Holocaust and, 15–16, 84–6 29–30, 111–13, 125 Muslim experience after, 35, 38, hybridity/syncretism in, 27–30, 103, 111 33, 44 Seth, Vikram, 1 Jewish-Muslim relations in, Desai’s criticism of, 66–7, 68 29–30, 112–13 A Suitable Boy, 66, 67 Rushdie, Salman: The Satanic Verses, Seth, Vikram: Two Lives, 15, 64–71, 30–5, 36–7, 40, 44, 54 78 diasporic experience in, 28 archive in, 58, 64–7, 70, 79–80, Jewish-Muslim relationships in, 82, 88 15, 27–8, 30–4, 36–7, 168 aunt’s Jewish identity in, 64–6, Jewishness in, 28, 34–5 69, 71, 79–80, 168 208 Index

Seth, Vikram: Two Lives—continued in South Asian culture, 93–4, denial of Jewishness in, 64–6, 67, 106, 123–4 70, 88 and terrorism/violence, 98, Desai’s criticism of, 66–7, 68 111–12, 113 hybridity/cosmopolitanism in, and threat of Jewish world 25, 64–8, 75, 78, 88, 168 domination, 106–10 silence in, 64–5, 69 see also economies, postcolonial, Shakespeare, William: The Merchant of Jewishness; Kurup, Shishir: of Venice, 16, 93, 94, 97, 101 Merchant on Venice;Lal, see also Kurup, Shishir: Merchant Ananda: The Merchant of on Venice; Lal, Ananda: The Venice Merchant of Venice; Shylock, Sidhwa, Bapsi: An American Brat, figure of 38–9, 40 Shepard, Sadia, 13, 16–17, 130, Silas, Shelley, 16 150–8 Calcutta Kosher, 149–50 background of, 150–2, 153 Silliman, Jael, 153 Bene Israel documentary by, 163 Singh, Maina Chawla, 127, 132, trip to India/Pakistan by, 153–4, 133, 152, 162 155–6, 157, 158 Sinha, Kaliprasanna: The Observant Shepard, Sadia: The Girl from Owl, 23, 64 Foreign, 150–6, 157 Smith, Zadie: White Teeth,37 as autoethnography, 151–2, 153, South Africa, 8, 20, 38, 45–50 155, 157, 158 see also Dangor, Achmat: Kafka’s grandmother as central to, 150–1, Curse 155–6, 157 South Asians Shepherd, Ronald, 165, 166 hybridity of, 25, 40–5, 59–63, 78, Shetty, Sandhya, and Elizabeth Jane 88–9 Bellamy, 57–8, 59 and reconfiguration of archive, Shylock, figure of, 16, 93–113, 88–9 123–5 secularism of, 38, 54–5, 81, 102 and capitalism, 96–7, 106–13, Shylock and, 93–4, 106, 123–4 124–5 subjectivities of, 11, 20, 26, 37–8, as Hindu, 94–8, 101, 106–11 53, 60–1, 88–9, 110–11 in Kurup’s rewrite, 16, 101–6, see also 111, 124, 125 hybridity/cosmopolitanism, in Lal’s adaptation, 16, 101–3, from Jewish to South Asian; 104, 106, 113, 124 Indian/South Asian and middleman theme, 94–101, postcolonial/diasporic 106–11, 112, 125 experience; Jews and as Muslim, 16, 101–6, 111, 113 Indians/South Asians; Jews as outsider/site of anxiety, 93–4, and Muslims, association 98–9, 104–11 between postcolonial split of, 123–4 Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 57, 123 sexuality of, 98, 99, 108, 112, Staines, David, 90 123 Star Trek,93 Index 209

Sue, Eugène: Le Juif errant,21 Walters, Barbara, 171 Sugarman, Jeffrey, 102 Wandering Jew, 15, 20–6, 51, 53–5 Svengali (Trilby), 113–14 masculinity/femininity of, 53–4 in “middlebrow” literature, 114, Taylor, Charles, 81 122–3 Teresa, Mother, 159 origin/later versions of, 20–2 terrorism, see entry below; Holocaust; Rushdie and, 26–7, 41–3 September 11 terrorist attacks Wandering Jew, in specific works terrorism/violence, as associated “And So Farewell, My Country,” with Jews 26–7, 34, 47 arms trade and, 72, 98 The Barn Owl’s Wondrous Capers, as historical phenomenon, 86–7 20, 22–5, 53, 63–4, 99 in post-9/11 era, 84–7, 111 Baumgartner’s Bombay, 90, 119 Shylock figure and, 98, 111–12, Burrow, 34, 51 113 Shalimar the Clown, 41–3 Thieme, John, 108, 161 Warren, Rick, 170 Tilak, Bal Gangadhar, 139 Whiteness, Jewishness and Tipu Sultan, 137 for Indian Jews, 8, 128, 152–5, tree, as metaphor, 51–2 157 in “And So Farewell, My in Kafka’s Curse, 20, 38, 45–50 Country,” 5, 27–8 marketability of, 123 in Kafka’s Curse, 46–7, 48, 51 problematic association of, 3, 8–9, in Shulamith, 133 39–40, 45–50, 152–3 Trinidad, 8, 108–9, 110 in The Satanic Verses, 33, 34–5, Ty, Eleanor, and Christl Verduyn, 151 36–7, 38 Uganda, 110 Yaffe, Martin, 16 Vassanji, M.G., 1 Yerushalmi, Yosef Hayim: Freud’s Mordecai Richler, 58, 90–1 Moses, 58, 61 Vassanji, M.G.: The In-Between Yiddish, 39, 43, 46, 52, 77, 81 World of Vikram Lall, 16, 93–4, Young, Robert, 87, 89–90 101, 106, 107–11, 125 cosmopolitanism in, 95, 97–8, Zionism 109–11 British colonialism and, 81 invisibility/erasure in, 97–8 Indian Jewish writers and, 17, Voltaire, 8 128–30, 140–1, 144, 160, 168 Wagner, Richard: “The Flying Jewish identity and, 3–5, 10, 17, Dutchman,” 22 30–1, 52, 90, 122 Walkowitz, Judith R., 14 Zoroastrianism, 143