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Suspect Terranes in the North American Margins and Relative Sea ~- 1 90 GEOLOGICAL NOTES LING, N.J., and JoNES, D. L., eds., Lithotectonic America, or Mrica? in KERR, J. W., and FERGus­ terrane maps of the North American Cordillera: soN, A. J., eds., Geology of the North Atlantic U.S. Geol. Survey Open File Rept. 84-523, p. borderlands: Can. Soc. Petrol. Geologists Mem. A-1-A-12. 7, p. 119-148. KING, P. B., 1969, Tectonic map of North America: SECOR, D. T., JR.; SAMSON, s. L.; SNOKE, A. W.; U.S. Geol. Survey, scale 1:5,000,000,2 sheets. and PALMER, A. R., 1983, Confirmation of the KLITGORD, K. D., and PoPENC>E, P., 1983, Geophys­ Carolina Slate belt as an exotic terrane: Science, ical tectonic studies of the United States Atlantic v. 221, p. 649-651. Coastal Plain and continental margin: U.S. Geol. SHAKAL, A. F., and ToKsoz, M. N., 1977, Earth­ Survey Open File Rept. 83-843, p. 185-199. quake hazard in New England: Science, v. 195, KuTGORD, K. D.; POPENOE, P.; and ScHOUTEN, H., p. 171-173. .. 1984, A Jurassic transform plate boundary: Jour. SILBERLING, N.J.; JONES, D. L.; BLAKE, M. C., JR.; Geophys. Res., v. 89, p. 7753-7772. and HoWELL, D. G., 1984, Lithotectonic terrane KuMURAPELI, P. S., and SAULL, V. A., 1966, The map of the western conterminous United States, St. Lawerence Valley system, a North American in SILBERLING, N. J., and JONES, D. L., eds., equivalent of the East African rift system: Can. Lithotectonic terrane maps of the North Ameri­ Jour. Earth Sci., v. 3, p. 639-658. can Cordillera: U.S. Geol. Survey Open File McMASTER, R. L., 1971, A transverse fault on the Rept. 84-523, p. C-1-C-13. continental shelf off Rhode Island: Geol. Soc. VANHouTEN, F. B., 1977, Triassic-Liassic depos­ America Bull., v. 82, p. 2001-2004. its of Morocco and eastern North America: com­ MoNGER, J. W. H., and BERG, H. C., 1984, parisons: AAPG Bull., v. 61, p. 79-99. Lithotectonic terrane of western Canada and WATTS, A. B., 1981, The U.S. Altantic continental southern Alaska, in SILBERLING, N. J., and margin: subsidence history, crustal structure, JoNES, D. L., eds., Lithotectonic terrane maps of and thermal evolution, in BALLY, A. W., ed., the North American Cordillera: U.S. Geol. Sur­ Geology of passive continental margins: AAPG vey Open File Rept. 84-523, p. B-1-B-31. Ed. Course Note Series 19, p. 2-1-2-75. O'BRIEN, S. J.; WARDLE, R. J., and KING, A. F., WILLIAMS, H., and HATCHER, R. D., JR., 1982, Sus­ 1983, The Avalon zone: a Pan-Mrican terrane in pect terranes and accretionary history of the Ap­ the Appalachian orogen of Canada: Geol. Jour., palachian orogen: Geology, v. 10, p. 530-536. v. 18, p. 195-222. ---,and---, 1983, Appalachian suspect ter­ PELTIER, W. R., 1986, Deglaciation induced vertical ranes, in HATCHER, R. D., JR.; WILLIAMS, H.; and motion of the North American continent: Jour. ZIETZ, I., eds., Contribution to tectonics and Geophys. Res., v. 91, p. 9099-9123. geophysics of mountain chains: Geol. Soc. SBAR, M. L., and SYKES, L. R., 1973, Contempo­ America Mem. 158, p. 33-53. rary compressive stress and seismicity in eastern ZEN, E-AN, 1983, Exotic terranes in the New En­ North America, an example of intraplate tecton­ gland Appalachians-limits, candidates, and ics: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 84, p. 1861- ages: a speculative essay, in HATCHER, R. D., 1882. JR.; WILLIAMS, H.; and ZIETZ, I., eds., Contribu­ ScHENK, P. E., 1981, The Meguma zone of Nova tion to tectonics and geophysics of mountain Scotia-a remnant of western Europe, South chains: Geol. Soc. America Mem. 158, p. 55-81. -- - ------------------- GEOLOGICAL NOTES 89 Apparently the terranes are not only behav­ accuracy of this method (Braatz and Aubrey ing independently from one another, but also in press). Alternatives to tide gauges center relative sea level varies within each block. on relatively new geodetic techniques such as Such variations suggest that the terranes are Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) composites of smaller structural units not yet and differential Global Positioning System defined by geologic mapping. Although our (GPS; Carter et al. 1986). These new tech­ understanding of the dynamics of plate mo­ niques offer substantial promise towards re­ tions and strength of tectonic blocks is lim­ solving issues raised here over time sc;ales of ited, tide-gauge results suggest sub-plate a decade or more. scale motions may prevail over continental margins. These observations clearly point to ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.-We wish to thank future research to help clarify some of these K. 0. Emery, I. N. McCave, and J.D. Milli­ patterns. man for their suggestions during the prepara­ Uncertainties in the tectonic relationships tion of this report. This research was funded between terranes may be resolved by ex­ by NOAA National Office of Sea Grant under panding the tide-gauge network or alterna­ Grant No. NA83-AA-D-00049, by the Na­ tively by applying new geodetic measurement tional Science Foundation under Grant No. techniques. Although repeated level surveys OCE-8501174, and by the Woods Hole have the potential for providing some of these Oceanographic Institution's Coastal Re­ data, systematic errors have decreased the search Center. REFERENCES CITED ANDERSON, W. A.; KELLEY, J. T.; and others, 1984, seismic profiling of the Appalachian orogen be­ Crustal warping in coastal Maine: Geology, v. neath the Coastal Plain of Georgia: Geol. Soc. 12, p. 677-680. America Bull., v. 92, p. 738-748. AuBREY, D. G., and EMERY, K. 0., 1983, Eigen­ CRONIN, T. M., 1981, Rates and possible causes of analysis of recent United States sea levels: Cont. neotectonic vertical crustal movements of the Shelf Res., v. 2, p. 21-33. emerged southeastern United States Atlantic --,and--, 1986a, Relative sea levels of Coastal Plain: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 92, Japan from tide-gauge records: Geol. Soc. Pt. I, p. 812-833. America Bull., v. 97, p. 194-205. EMERY, K. 0., 1960, The Sea Off Southern Califor­ --, and--, 1986b, Australia-an unstable nia: New York, Wiley, 366 p. platform for tide-gauge measurements of chang­ ----r, and AuBREY, D. G., 1985, Glacial rebound ing sea levels: Jour. Geology, v. 94, p. 699-712. and relative sea levels in Europe from tide-gauge BALLARD, R. D., and UcHUPI, E., 1975, Triassic rift records: Tectonophysics, v. 120, p. 239-255. structure in Gulf of Maine: AAPG Bull., v. 59, p. --, and --, 1986a, Relative sea-level 1041-1072. changes from tide-gauge records of eastern Asia BARNETT, R. S., 1975, Basement structure of mainland: Marine Geol., v. 72, p. 33-45. Florida and its tectonic implications: Gulf Coast --, and --, 1986b, Relative sea-level Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans., v. 25, p. 122-142. changes from tide-gauge records of western BRAATZ, B. V., and AuBREY, D. G., 1987, Recent North America: Jour. Geophys. Res., v. 91, p. relative sea-level change in eastern North 13941-13953. America: SEPM Spec. Paper, in press. --,and UcHuPI, E., 1984, The geology of the CARTER, W. E., and RoBERTSON, D. S., 1986, The Atlantic Ocean: New York, Springer-Verlag, application of geodetic radio interferometric sur­ 1050 p. veying to the monitoring of sea-level: Geophys. GATES, A. E.; SIMPSON, C.; and GLOVER, L., III, Jour. Royal Astr. Soc., v. 87, p. 3-13. 1986, Appalachian carboniferous dextral strike­ CoNEY, P. J., and CAMPA, M. F., 1984, Lithotec­ slip faults: an example from Brookneal, Virginia: tonic terrone map of Mexico, in SILBERLING, Tectonics, v. 5, p. 119-133. N.J., and JoNES, D. L., eds., Lithotectonic Ter­ HuTCHINSON, D. R., and GRow, J. A., 1985, New rane maps of the North American Cordillera: York Bight fault: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. U.S. Geol. Survey Open File Rept. 84-523, p. 96, p. 975-989. D-1-D-14. --; KLITGORD, K. D.; and DETRICK, R. S., --;JoNES, D. L., and MoNGER, J. W. H., 1980, 1986, Rift basins of the Long Island platform: Cordilleran suspect terranes: Nature, v. 288, p. Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 97, p. 688-702. 329-333. JONES, D. L.; SILBERLING, N.J.; CoNEY, P. J.; and COOK, F. A.; BROWN, L. D.; KAUFMAN, S.; OLIVER, PLAFKER, G., 1984, Lithotectonic terrane map of J. E.; and PETERSEN, T. A., 1981, COCORP Alaska (west of the !41st Meridian) in SILBER- L_---- 88 GEOLOGICAL NOTES rocks of unknown age intruded by Creta­ a reflection of scale: the tide-gauge data re­ ceous granite; 1.3 mrnlyr). Excluding station cords at the most a 100 yr trend whereas the 25 (- 1.8 mrnlyr; Long Beach, where fluid geology records a thousands of years trend. withdrawal dominates land subsidence), the Along the west coast, blocks that have Cortes-Baja terrane complex composed of been welded onto the North American craton Precambrian basement and metamorphosed during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic also be­ Paleozoic continental margin strata in south­ have independently from one another. Here ern California and scattered Upper Paleozoic the along strike differences do appear to be limestone outcrops and Lower Mesozoic statistically significant, with the blocks north clastics capped by Upper Mesozoic volcanics of 55°N subsiding and those from 55°N to 48° and latest Cretaceous sandstone in Baja, generally rising; from 48° to about 38°N California displays gradual subsidence to the (where only 2 data points are available) ter­ south. This southerly dip of the land also is ranes appear to be stable, from 38° to 35°N present in the offshore region with the sills of the terranes are rising, and in southern the continental borderland basins becoming California-Baja California, the terranes are deeper southward (Emery 1960, p.
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