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Devonian Stratigraphy in East-Central Idaho: New Perspectives from the Lemhi Range and Bayhorse Area

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Devonian Stratigraphy in East-Central Idaho: New Perspectives from the Lemhi Range and Bayhorse Area Grader and Dehler -- Devonian Stratigraphy in East-Central Idaho 31 Devonian Stratigraphy in East-Central Idaho: New Perspectives from the Lemhi Range and Bayhorse Area George W. Grader Department of Geology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 Carol M. Dehler Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 shelf environments. Depositional style changed during end- ABSTRACT Frasnian time following a regional subaerial unconformity. Famennian upper Jefferson carbonates (<512 m thick) are Shelf-to-basin stratigraphic studies of Devonian rocks in the interbedded with extensive stratiform breccias and shallow-wa- Lemhi Range and Bayhorse area reveal new paleogeographic reso- ter sandstone units. Carbonate solution breccias (artifacts after lution of depositional environments across E-W and NNW-SSE evaporites) with sandy cryptalgal dolostones represent restricted transects. Lower and Middle Devonian mixed carbonate and shelf environments and overall regression. Sparse fossiliferous siliciclastic strata (<600 m thick) include restricted shallow-ma- beds mark continued subsidence with sea-level incursion, but open rine deposits of the Carey Dolomite, unnamed marginal-marine marine benthos is absent. deposits, and discontinuous paleovalley deposits of the Beartooth Devonian stratigraphy reflects differential regional subsidence Butte Formation. Estuarine and inner shelf lithofacies with mi- on the miogeocline, sea-level changes and pronounced environ- cro- and macrovertebrate faunal assemblages including thelodonts, mental changes. Long-term shallow-water lithofacies thin across pteraspids, acanthodians, osteostracans and placoderms allow a flank of the Lemhi Arch (sensu Sloss, 1954) in the southern basinward correlation with conodont-bearing deposits of the Carey Lemhi Range and help to define a NE-trending Central Idaho Dolomite and associated unnamed strata. Fluvio-karst deposits Trough (sensu Wiler, 1992). Extrabasinal Famennian glacio- and filled incised valleys in the Lemhi Range suggest that the eustatic draw-down and brecciation of the Jefferson Famennian exposed lower Paleozoic shelf had moderate topography and shelf is interpreted to overprint tectonic Antler foreland controls. brackish(?) water fish habitat. Sea-level changes and shoreward migration of inner shelf environments beveled paleorelief and Key words: Beartooth Butte Formation, Carey Dolomite, culminated in establishment of the Jefferson Formation carbon- Jefferson Formation, Devonian vertebrates, Paleovalleys, Glacio- ate ramp during Middle to Late Devonian time. Apparently the eustasy fish followed the transgression of shore environments, as they do not occur in these marine deposits. INTRODUCTION The Jefferson Formation thins depositionally from about 900 m in the central Lemhi Range to about 100 m at Black Canyon Over the past century, spectacular exposures of Devonian rocks (~75 km to the SSE non-palinspastic). Distinctly bedded accu- in alpine and high desert areas of east-central Idaho have received mulations of dolostone, limestone, and quartz arenite suggest much less attention than equivalent rocks in Nevada and Canada. peritidal and shallow subtidal environments. Most of the Jefferson Little is known of the east-west lateral changes of Lower Devo- Formation features shallowing-upward successions (1 to 20 m nian paleovalley to marine systems or Upper Devonian facies thick) of bioturbated and fossiliferous carbonate overlain by al- changes of the Jefferson Formation. This report combines infor- gal and laminated lithofacies with breccia caps. Three 3rd order mation from recent University of Idaho and Northern Arizona deepening-upward sequences of the lower Jefferson (<393 m of University Masters thesis projects (Wiler, 1992; Dehler, 1995; Givetian and Frasnian strata) represent overall back-stepping of DeSantis, 1996; Grader, 1998; Fig. 1) and provides new lithofacies Grader, G.W., and Dehler, C.M, 1999, Devonian stratigraphy in east-central Idaho: New perspectives from the Lemhi Range and Bayhorse area, in Hughes, S.S., and Thackray, G.D., eds., Guidebook to the Geology of Eastern Idaho: Idaho Museum of Natural History, p. 29-54. 32 Guidebook to the Geology of Eastern Idaho TENDOY MTS Hayden Creek Maiden Peak Railroad Canyon 45o Ellis BEAVERHEAD MOUNTAINS Leadore MONTANA LEMHI RANGE To Howe 93 Patterson Liberty Gulch (North) Meadow Peak Gilmore Challis Grouse Creek Liberty Gulch (South) Mahogany Hill Warm Springs Spring Mtn. Canyon Grandview Canyon Horseshoe Gulch Bear Mtn. 28 Bradshaw Basin Gooseberry Creek Rancho Sheep Creek Donkey Hills Basinger Meadow Canyon Canyon 75 Spar Canyon LOST RIVER RANGE Copper Mtn. Cedar Run Hawley Mtn. Bayhorse Badger Creek Borah Area Bunting Canyon Rock Creek Peak Hawley Mtn. Sink Hole Cedar Canyon Uncle Ike Creek 44o N South Creek WHITE KNOB MOUNTAINS Slide Block 93 Black Canyon To Ellis Middle Canyon King Mtn. 22 To Ketchum Hurst Creek Howe MAP VIEW SCALE 0 25 km Arco 0 25 m Fish Creek Res. 93 114o W 113o = Measured sections of the Jefferson Formation (Grader) = Measured sections of basal Devonian rocks and Beartooth Butte Formation (Dehler) = Measured sections of basal Devonian rocks and Beartooth Butte Formation (Grader) = Measured sections of the Jefferson Formation (Wiler, 1992; DeSantis, 1996) = Other areas of reconnaissance and reference. Figure 1. Map of east-central Idaho showing localities of study. miogeoclinal hinge zone (Beartooth Butte Formation, associated unnamed strata, and Carey Dolomite) and the lithostratigraphy of descriptions and paleoenvironmental interpretations, and corre- the Middle to Late Devonian Jefferson Formation. lated lithostratigraphic measured sections. We describe paleon- In the Lemhi Range and Bayhorse area, 1600+ m (in compos- tology, local and regional biostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, and ite) of Devonian strata are preserved. These rocks were depos- sequence stratigraphy in the Early to Middle Devonian ited in a wide variety of environments ranging from fluvio-karst Grader and Dehler -- Devonian Stratigraphy in East-Central Idaho 33 Eustatic Curve 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Events and T/R WOODRIVER WHITE SPAR LOST BEAVER- LOGAN LEMHI Cycles AREA / KNOB MTS. / CANYON / RIVER HEAD CANYON ZONES Fall PIONEER FISH CREEK. GRANDVIEW RANGE RANGE MTS. MONTANA Ma RES. CANYON CONODONT Rise MTS: MISS... MCGOWAN MCGOWAN MCGOWAN MCGOWAN MCGOWAN LODGEPOLE duplicata CREEK FM. CREEK FM. CREEK FM. CREEK FM. CREEK FM. FM. TOURNAIS... FM. sulcata BASIN 354 COPPER Upper praesulcata 17 IIf Middle expansa ? ? 16 Unnamed Base. Sapp. Basal Sappington Sappington mbr Basal postera PICABO Unit 2-4 trachytera FM. Trident Trident Trident mbr FORKS FM. 14 Tridt. Unit 1 marginifera FM.PICABO 12 D6 Logan IIe Unit VI "False Gulch rhomboidea "False D5 Birdbear" Mbr. / Birdbear" THREE crepida 11 "Upper Yellow Ls." triangularis DVIEW Unit V 9 shallow- D4 364 linguiformis Yellow water dol. GRANDVIEW DL. ? GRAN 8 IId UPPER JEFF. Unit IV vuggy Birdbear rhenana 6 dol. Reef Lower mbr. jamieae ? JEFFERSON FORMATION 5 Buildups Lower mbr. JEFF. FM. JEFF. FM. hassi IIc 4 Banded Dark Unit III dol. Dolomite D3 Maywood Upper Fm. punctata Mbr. v 3 Bio-stromes UPPER DEVONIAN FRASNIAN Type transitans Milligen Black IIb Fm dol. falsiovalis 374 2 disparilis Unit II JEFFERSON FM. D2 herm.-cristatus IIa Blue dol. Banded 1 Dolomite varcus Unit I ? If Silty dol. D1 GIVETIAN FAMENNIAN JEFFERSON FORMATION 380 ensensis v LOWER s JEFFERSON FORMATION Basal ? kockelianus channel v Id ? ? CHANNEL australis SANDSTONES (Givetian?) costatus ? EXPLANATION MIDDLE DEVONIAN v EIFELIAN partitus Ic v Fault contact patulus CAREY CAREY Conodonts serotinus OLOMITE DOLOMITE DOLOMITE ? v Vertebrates inversus CAREY (Unit B) Milligen Formation (?) nothoperbonus DOLOMITE Brachiopods Ib v ? gronbergi Beartooth s Stringocephalus EMSIAN Butte Fm.? dehiscens 392 pirenese kindlei Ia D CAREY sulcatus PRAGIAN 396 pesavis (see LInk et al., 1995) delta Unnamed "Beartooth 7 woschmidti- (Unit A) Butte post- ROBERTS Formation" MILLIGEN FORMATION AND UNNAMED ROCKS LOWER DEVONIAN woschmidti MOUNTAINS FORMATION LOCHKOVIAN v 4 408 Middle Devonian? Beartooth Butte v 3 TRAIL CREEK Formation 5 6 FORMATION LAKETOWN 1 2 DOLOMITE / ROBERTS MTS. FM. LAKE- TOWN LAKETOWN Scale change PHI KAPPA DOL. DOLOMITE SILURIAN FORMATION 438 SATURDAY ? MTN. FM. FISHHAVEN ORDOVICIAN DOLOMITE (PRECAMBRIAN) (CAMB.-ORD.) Figure 2. Regional correlation of Devonian rocks in Idaho and Mon- to outer shelf during a long-term on- and offlap of sea level (a tana. 1: Link et al. (1995); Nilsen (1977), 2: Skipp and Sandberg 2nd order turn-around sequence lasting ~40 m.y.). Lower Devo- (1975), 3: Dehler (1995); Hays et al. (1980); Johnson and nian deposits only are present from the Lemhi Range westward, Sandberg (1977), 4: Dehler (1995); Wiler (1992), Johnson et but widespread Upper Devonian carbonates extend across the al. (1985), 5: (this report); Isaacson et al. (1983b); Hait (1965), 6 & 7: Sandberg et al. (1988). Stages after Gradstein and Ogg miogeocline to the Montana craton. These are generally under- (1996). To scale : 3 cm = ~10 m.y. stood to represent transgressive deposits during high Kaskaskia sea levels. Relatively thin deposits in Montana are associated with 34 Guidebook to the Geology of Eastern Idaho long hiatuses in contrast to thick deposits in Idaho (Fig. 2). Lower Devonian rocks Lower Devonian strata comprise interbedded and mixed car- bonate and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks which grade from thin, discontinuous, non-marine to marginal-marine paleovalley
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