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"SOMETIMES IT FEELS LIKE THE WHOLE WORLD IS SMEARED WITH VAZ": THE CHAOTIC FICTION OF JEFF NOON A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in English University of Regina By Andrew Carter Wenaus Regina, Saskatchewan March 2009 Copyright 2009: Andrew Carter Wenaus Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-55052-6 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-55052-6 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. 1+1 Canada UNIVERSITY OF REGINA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH SUPERVISORY AND EXAMINING COMMITTEE Andrew Carter Wenaus, candidate for the degree of Master of Arts in English, has presented a thesis titled, "Sometimes it Feels Like the Whole World is Smeared with Vaz": The Chaotic Fiction of Jeff Noon, in an oral examination held on February 18, 2009. The following committee members have found the thesis acceptable in form and content, and that the candidate demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject material. External Examiner: Dr. Charity Marsh, Department of Media Production and Studies Supervisor: Dr. Nicholas Ruddick, Department of English Committee Member: Dr. Lynn Wells, Department of English Committee Member: Prof. Samira McCarthy, Department of English, Campion College Chair of Defense: Dr. Robin Ganev, Department of History i ABSTRACT The present work examines the fiction and poetry of contemporary experimental British writer Jeff Noon through the critical lens of chaos theory. For Noon, chaos theory is not only a scientific theory but also an epistemological philosophy and a legitimation for artistic and literary experimentation, an aesthetic move Noon feels will be the savior of contemporary British literature. A study of two novels, Vurt (1993) and Falling out of Cars (2002), and the experimental book of prose and poetry, Cobralingus (2001), demonstrates that Noon's writing project celebrates the artistic poignancy of finding meaning in disorder. In the first chapter, I study Noon's unique application of the metaphors of fractal geometry in Vurt and how his use of this new spatial concept has an effect on literary content and form. I examine Noon's fascination with wordplay and the malleability of language through a writing game called the Cobralingus Engine in the chapter on Cobralingus. The aesthetic process of this game whimsically appropriates concepts associated with communication theory to create a remarkable, complex, and beautiful kind of poetry and prose called "metamorphiction." In the final chapter on Falling out of Cars, I look at Noon's use of the concept of "noise" in communication theory as a metaphor for the contemporary anxiety concerning the precariousness of memory and perception in an increasingly disordered world. Ultimately, this study concludes that not only are Noon's literary experiments masterfully successful, they represent a passionate and sincere desire to reevaluate and reinvigorate the experimental spirit in British literature. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe countless thanks to Samira McCarthy and Lynn Wells for their astute criticisms, observations, and invaluable insights. For making the study of science fiction literature such a cogent intellectual pursuit, I thank my mentor and thesis supervisor, Nicholas Ruddick, with whom it has been a prestigious privilege to work. I am also particularly grateful to the University of Regina Department of English for offering me a teaching assistantship. For this, I express thanks to Ken Probert and Nils Clausson. I would also like to thank Andrew M. Butler for generously providing me access to his article, "Journeys beyond Being." Also, I thank the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research at the University of Regina for their assistance and guidance. I express special gratitude to Jeff Noon for his generous permission to use images from Cobralingus. Finally, my greatest thanks go out to my family and friends who have supported me both financially and with kind patience. iii POST DEFENSE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to offer warm thanks to my external examiner, Charity Marsh, for making the defense such an informative, stimulating, and enjoyable experience. IV DEDICATION For Christina With heartfelt gratitude and love V TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii POST DEFENSE ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii DEDICATION iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v INTRODUCTION , 1 FRACTAL NARRATIVE, PARASPACE, AND STRANGE LOOPS: THE PARADOX OF ESCAPE IN VURT 9 METAMORPHICTION, INFORMATION THEORY, AND THE SEMIOTICS OF CHAOS IN COBRALINGUS 38 FALLING OUT OF CARS: THE CHAOTICS OF PERCEPTION AND MEMORY 70 CONCLUSION 99 WORKS CITED 104 APPENDIX 112 1 INTRODUCTION In 1994, Jeff Noon was awarded the Arthur C. Clarke Award for his boldly original debut novel, Vurt (1993). In the subsequent year, he won the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer. Since Vurt, Noon has published five novels,1 one collection of short stories,2 a collection of avant-garde poetry,3 and a hypertext novel/writing game in partnership with Steve Beard,4 and is currently coauthoring a hypertext novel/labyrinth with Susanna Jones, Alison MacLeod, and William Shaw.5 Born in 1957 in Droylsden, "a little town some eight miles outside of Manchester" (Noon, "Biography"), Noon's artistic career has also encompassed painting, music, and play writing. Indeed, Noon's entrance into the literary world was through the theatre;6 his play, Woundings1 (1986), won the Mobil Prize. Upon the success of Woundings Noon "decided to give up painting and music, and to concentrate purely on play writing, working mainly on [Manchester's] local fringe theatre scene" ("Press Biography"). After taking a job at a Waterstone's bookshop in Manchester to support himself, Noon was urged by Steve Powell, an ex- o colleague who had recently set up an independent publishing company, to write a novel. Thus began Noon's professional writing career. 1 Pollen (1995), Automated Alice (1996), Nymphomation (1997), Needle in the Groove (2000), and Falling Out of Cars (2002). 2 Pixel Juice (1998). 3 Cobralingus (2001) 4 Mappalujo (2002); Noon notes in "Transmission>Reception: The Modern Word Interviews Jeff Noon" that he and Beard "are trying to do some more pieces, with a view to a book and all that. Mappalujo''s natural home is a book, I think, rather than the Web. The structure and process of the work becomes much more obvious on paper, with the ability to flip through the pages" (Santala). 5 217 Babel Street (2008). 6 Noon's interest in theatre remains active; four short stories were dramatized to form the play Alphabox which appeared on a BBC Radio 4 program titled "1000 Years of Spoken English," Vurt was adapted for the stage in 2000, The Modernists appeared in 2001, and the radio play Dead Code-Ghosts of the Digital Age aired on BBC Radio 3 in 2005. 7 Woundings was also adapted for the screen by Roberta Hanley in 1998. It was released in the US under the title Brand New World. 8 Ringpull Press. 2 Noon's fiction is marked by virtuosic wordplay, Borgesian9 themes, Carrollian10 whimsy, and the ability to handle chaotic contemporary themes with profound elegance. Manchester features prominently in the majority of Noon's fiction—Falling out of Cars is unique as it is Noon's only novel that does not take Manchester as its setting. The process and philosophy of electronic music11—particularly the process of the remix— also play a central role in Noon's aesthetic and creative approach to writing. Most notable, however, is Noon's ability to take a central abstraction and, through spiraling repetition and rigorous aesthetic and linguistic creativity, develop "something akin to a private vocabulary... a chamber of echoes where everyday words embrace new layers of meaning and association" (Santala, "Introduction"). Yet despite the increasingly experimental, nuanced, and elegant developmental path Noon's writing has taken in the relation between chaotics and literature, his literary output remains critically neglected. Exceptions to this critical disregard include Andrew M. Butler in 2008; a bio-critical essay by David Ian Paddy in 2003; and Ann Weinstone's "Welcome to the Pharmacy: Addiction, Transcendence, and Virtual Reality" (1997), a study of the link between addiction, Baudrillardian "hyper-real transcendence," epistemological epiphany, and virtual reality in the work of Noon, William S.