University of Szeged Institute of English & American Studies
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University of Szeged Institute of English & American Studies Literatures and Cultures in English Doctoral Program Doctoral Dissertation Fantastic Place and Space in China Miéville’s Fiction Rhetorics of Emancipatory Spatial Changes in the Miévillean New Weird By András Fodor Supervisors: Anna Kérchy PhD, DEA, dr. habil, Zoltán Dragon MPhil PhD Szeged, 2021 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Biography ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Focusing on Approaches .................................................................................................. 9 1.3 Method and System ........................................................................................................ 11 1.4 The Brief Results - Close readings ................................................................................. 15 2. The Weird ............................................................................................................................. 20 2.1 The Weird as Concept .................................................................................................... 20 2.1.1 The Literary Weird .................................................................................................. 21 2.1.1.2 Mile Posts in the Mist - Historical Background, Timeline, Monstrosity and Process of the Weird (Fiction) ...................................................................................... 24 2.1.1.3 Proto-Weird ........................................................................................................... 26 2.1.1.4 The Weird Tale - The Lovecraft Event ................................................................. 27 2.1.1.4.1 The Market, the Role of Capitalism in Weird Fiction ................................ 28 2.1.1.5 Post-Weird - The Barker Event ............................................................................. 30 2.1.1.6 New Weird - The Miéville Event .......................................................................... 31 2.1.2 The Aesthetics of Weird .......................................................................................... 32 2.1.2.1 The Keys to the Weird Affect: Miévillean Abcanny and Suvinian Cognitive Estrangement ............................................................................................................. 34 3. Theories of Space ................................................................................................................. 38 3.1 Historical Perspective of Theories of Space ................................................................... 38 3.2 Place, Space, and Spatial System ................................................................................... 46 4. Narratology and Space: The Rhetorics of Fantastic Spaces ................................................. 53 4.1 Spatial Relations in Urban Located Genre Fiction ......................................................... 53 4.2 Urban Fantasy ................................................................................................................. 55 4.2.1 Psychogeography and Sublime ................................................................................ 56 4.2.2 Maps ......................................................................................................................... 58 4.3 Cognitive Estrangement and Cognitive Effect ............................................................... 60 4.4 Language and Rhetoric ................................................................................................... 61 4.4.1 Portal-quest Fantasy ................................................................................................. 62 4.4.2 Intrusion Fantasy ...................................................................................................... 63 4.4.3 Immersive Fantasy ................................................................................................... 64 4.4.4 Liminal Fantasy ....................................................................................................... 65 4.5 Conclusive Remarks ....................................................................................................... 66 5. Perdido Street Station: The Unsuccessful Change of the Urban Spatial System for the Forming Community, but a Changed Spatial System for a Focalizor-narrator ....................... 70 5.1 Focalizor-narrators, Rhetorics, and Spatial Positions .................................. 71 5.1.1 Rhetoric and Spatial Understanding of Grimnebulin ................................ 73 5.1.2 Rhetoric and Spatial Understanding of Yagharek ..................................... 74 5.2 Maps of New Crobuzon, the Power of Influence ......................................... 76 5.3 The Political Struggle for the Domination of the Crobuzan Spatial System 77 6. The Scar: The Unsuccessful Change of the Spatial System of the Secondary World, but a Change in the Communal Spatial System for the Focalizor-narrators ..................................... 83 6.1 Focalizor-narrators, Rhetorics, and Spatial Positions .................................. 84 6.2 Maps, Verisimilitude, and Imperialism of New Crobuzon .......................... 85 6.3 Armada, the Slum and Abcity ...................................................................... 86 6.4 Armada, the Moving Spatial System ............................................................ 87 6.4.1 Heimat as Full Access to the Spatial System ............................................ 88 6.5 Armada, the Moving Terrain Surrounded by Water .................................... 90 6.5.1 Spatial System on Water and Terrain, Heimat Armada? .......................... 91 7. Iron Council: The Successful Change of the Urban Spatial System by a Community to Themselves That is Postponed for the Future .......................................................................... 95 7.1 Competition for the Position of the Sole Power in New Crobuzon ............. 96 7.2 The Utopian Impulse .................................................................................... 97 7.3 The Utopias and the Road to Construct Them ............................................. 98 7.4 The Crobuzan Response ............................................................................. 101 7.5 Rivalling Spatial Systems ........................................................................... 103 7.5.1 Struggles in the Crobuzan Firstspace ...................................................... 104 7.5.2 The Birth of the New Crobuzan Thirdspace ........................................... 106 8. The City and the City: The Successful Change of the Urban Spatial System by a Focalizor- narrator to for Itself ................................................................................................................ 108 8.1 Spatial and Narratological Orientation ....................................................... 109 8.2 The Experiential Understanding of Spatial System(s) ............................... 111 8.3 Becoming Detective: Language, Rhetoric, and Space ............................... 112 8.4 The Manifested City, the Non-divided Spatial System .............................. 115 8.5 The Crossroad between the Spatial Systems .............................................. 115 8.6 Realisation and Actualisation of Breach as the City .................................. 116 9. UnLunDun: The Successful Change of the Urban Spatial System by the Focalizor-narrator for the Community, which Will Be Adapted ......................................................................... 118 9.1 The Beginning of Change .......................................................................... 119 9.2 UnLondon, the Heterotopia of London ...................................................... 120 9.3 The Welcoming Abcanny Slum ................................................................. 122 9.4 Deeba’s Spatial and Rhetoric Knowledge in UnLondon ........................... 122 9.4.1 Negotiating with the Manifested Secondspace through the Change of Rhetoric ............................................................................................................ 124 9.4.2 The Struggles of Deeba’s Reconstrucing Team ...................................... 126 9.4.3 The Struggles of Deeba ........................................................................... 128 9.5 Victory in Sight and its Attempt of Adaptation ......................................... 130 10. This Census-Taker: The Successful Change of the Urban Spatial System by the Focalizor- narrator for Itself .................................................................................................................... 132 10.1 Narratology of Liminality ........................................................................ 133 10.2 Rhetoric of Liminality .............................................................................. 134 10.3 Spatial System of Liminality .................................................................... 135 10.4 Characters of/in Liminality ...................................................................... 136 10.4.1 Position of the Father in the Liminal Spatial System ............................ 136 10.4.2 Position of the Mother in the Liminal Spatial System .......................... 137 10.4.3