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Bi-Annual Report MONITORING AND SOIL AMENDMENTS FOR LOCUST AND GRASSHOPPER MANAGEMENT: A PILOT PROJECT IN THE KAFFRINE REGION OF SENEGAL BI-ANNUAL REPORT Submission Date: October 30, 2019 Agreement Number: 720FDA18GR00100 Activity Start Date and End Date: August 16, 2018 – August 15, 2020 AOR: Mr. Joseph Dever AO: Ms. Artaveya J. Carter Submitted by: Alana Burnham, Community Outreach Specialist Arizona State University PO BoX 878009 Tempe, AZ 85287 Tel: 480-727-8137 Email: [email protected] Disclaimer: This report was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development, Office of Disaster Foreign Assistance (USAID/OFDA). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of Arizona State University and the Global Locust Initiative and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. 1 Table of Contents 1. PROJECT Overview/Summary ................................................... 2 1.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................ 4 1.2 Background and Project Description ............................................................. 5 1.3 Summary of Results to Date ......................................................................... 6 2. Activity Implementation Progress ................................................ 7 2.1 Progress Narrative ........................................................................................ 7 2.2 Implementation Challenges .......................................................................... 9 2.3 Project Management Update ...................................................................... 10 3. Planned Activities for NeXt Reporting Period ............................. 10 4. AppendiX: Project Photos .......................................................... 11 2 1. PROJECT OVERVIEW/SUMMARY Monitoring and Soil Amendments for Locust and Program Name: Grasshopper Management: A Pilot Project in the Kaffrine Region of Senegal Activity Start Date And End August 16, 2018 – August 15, 2020 Date: Name of Prime Implementing Arizona State University Partner: Agreement Number: 720FDA18GR00100 McGill University; Major Counterpart La Direction de la Protection des Végétaux / Senegal Plant Organizations Protection Directorate; Université de Gaston Berger Geographic Coverage Senegal (cities and or countries) Reporting Period: April 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019 3 1.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations ASU Arizona State University COS Community Outreach Specialist DPV La Direction de la Protection des Végétaux (Senegalese Plant Protection Directorate) EWS Early Warning System GLI Global Locust Initiative OSE Oedaleus senegalensis (Senegalese locust) PI Principal Investigator USAID United States Agency for International Development 4 1.2 Background and Project Description Background Much of Senegal is made up of rural farms, many with low productivity and significant annual losses from agricultural risks, such as locusts. The Senegalese locust (Oedaleus senegalensis, OSE) is often cited as the most severe pest in the West African Sahel region. In Senegal, locust infestations are second only to drought in damaging agricultural productivity, greatly constraining the food security of rural farmers. Outbreaks have far-reaching consequences, such as greatly lowering the educational attainment of children due to the redirection of household resources. To alleviate human suffering and reduce the social and economic impact of locusts, farmers must have access to long-term solutions for locust monitoring and management. Many Senegalese farmers lack access to technologies and formalized knowledge networks for improving productivity, including the use of locust biology to inhibit OSE outbreaks. The Senegalese Plant Protection Directorate (DPV) is mandated to help farmers monitor and treat for locusts, but lacks adequate capacity in workers, field vehicles, access to chemical pesticides, and time. It lacks the resources to conduct regular activities, limiting long-term monitoring. In addition, chemical pesticides protect crops from locusts over the short-term, but continued applications are required to prevent re- occurrences, and often there is a mismatch in time between availability of resources and when locusts cause the most severe damage. Many field agents are also personally concerned about extensive synthetic pesticide use, in part because their personal protective equipment is limited and of poor quality, and for the potential environmental externalities. Finally, while individual farmers are the most impacted by locusts, the migratory nature of the pest requires that some management decisions happen at the regional, national, or international levels. While high-level management is effective for treating upsurges, it limits farmers' abilities to control treatment decisions, such as the timing and type of practices employed on their farms. Project Description In response to agriculture and food security needs, Global Locust Initiative (GLI) and its partners developed a novel methodology for management of OSE, which is being piloted in villages in the Kaffrine region of Senegal. GLI has an eXtensive history of research on locust behavior and physiology and has existing partnerships in several rural villages. Kaffrine is also one of the major agricultural regions in Senegal and is the second most significant producer of cereals by tonnage, yet the region is still subject to high levels of food insecurity. The pilot program will help augment productivity in the short term through significant capacity building efforts and the use of soil amendments, and will provide additional understanding of how to use OSE biology for locust abatement in the long-term. This project is implementing a two-part intervention in southeast Senegal: 1. Use fertilizer to improve soils and create unfavorable locust environments. In contrast to many herbivores, locusts prefer and grow faster when eating low nitrogen (i.e. unfertilized) plants. The use of soil fertilization is underutilized as a method for inhibiting locusts, even though it improves crop productivity while helping farmers to reduce their reliance on chemical control via state-level agencies (e.g., the DPV). One hundred farmers in two rural communes in Kaffrine (Gniby) and Fatick (Gossas) are being trained on proper millet cultivation techniques and have been given fertilizer to apply to their one-hectare millet fields. These fields are being surveyed throughout the project life time for locust activity and potential crop damage. Each farmer has cultivated another one-hectare field without the addition of fertilizer; these are serving as the control. This is the Soil Amendment intervention. 2. Increase scientific capacity for locust monitoring at the village-level. By enhancing local capacity to identify and report locust activity, the project will lead to better forecasting of local OSE population increases. In turn, this information will enable better communication about the risk of locusts between farmers, village-leaders, the DPV, and others to enable timely response in 5 advance of the hazard of locusts. Furthermore, it will empower individuals to reduce their reliance on the DPV, and ultimately, the reliance on chemical treatments. Altogether, the process will enable the development of an Early Warning System (EWS) related to OSE for the Kaffrine and Fatick Regions. In total, fifty women in five local communities in Kaffrine and Fatick regions (Nganda, Gniby, Boulel, Mbar, and Gossas) are being trained on identification of OSE and monitoring of grasshopper and locust populations using light traps installed in nearby fields. Two women from each community are also being trained on monitoring grasshoppers and locusts directly in fields. 1.3 Summary of Results to Date Agriculture and Food Security: Pests and Target Disaggregation Last Reported Current Report Percent of Goal Pesticides Number of people trained in appropriate crop 1 100 100 men1 0 100 100% protection practices [use of soil amendments] Number and percentage of 80; To be 2 hectares protected against N/A 0 0% 80% (80/100) determined2 disease or pest attacks Number and percentage of people practicing 80; To be 3 appropriate crop protection 80 men1 0 0% 80% (80/100) determined2 procedures [use of soil amendments] Number of people trained in locust identification and 50 women; 100 4 150 0 50 women3 33% monitoring practices men (Custom Indicator) 50 women; 100 Cumulative beneficiaries 150 men 1 Because the majority of landholders in Senegal are male, few to no women will qualify as participants in the soil amendment portion of the project. To make the project more gender inclusive, the monitoring groups are comprised of women, and they will be empowered to play important roles in the EWS. 2 Number and percentage of hectares protected and those participants applying crop protection procedures will be evaluated at the end of the growing season, after OSE activity has subsided. 3 Remaining male farmer participants will be trained December 2019, to avoid conflicting with responsibilities during growing and harvesting seasons. 6 2. ACTIVITY IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS 2.1 Progress Narrative During this phase of the Kaffrine Pilot Program, GLI and its partners have completed the following milestones: 1. Selection of a project name With input from local collaborators, the team chose the name “Bay Sa Waar,” or “Communities for Sustainable Agriculture” in Wolof, the most
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