DOCSLIB.ORG

Dryinidae (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dryinidae (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea) ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Denisia Jahr/Year: 2002 Band/Volume: 0004 Autor(en)/Author(s): Gugliemino Adalgisa, Gugliemino Adalgisa Artikel/Article: Dryinidae (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea): an interesting group among the natural enemies of the Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera) 549-556 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Dryinidae (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea): an interesting group among the natural enemies of the Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera). A. GUGLIELMINO Abstract A survey on the family Dryinidae (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea), an inte- resting group of natural enemies of the Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera), is empha- sized. In particular, informations on evo- lution, biology, natural enemies, economic importance, Auchenorrhyncha-Dryinidae relationships and biological control of this group on Auchenorrhyncha taxa are pro- vided. Denisia 04, zugleich Kataloge des OÖ. Landesmuseums, Neue Folge Nr. 176 (2002). 549-556 549 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Introduction tion. Females feed on sugar solutions or on their hosts consuming haemolymph and tis- The Dryinidae are a small cosmopolitan sue; in the last case, the prey may survive family of Hymenoptera Aculeata parasitizing (non-destructive host-feeding) or die Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha. It includes (destructive host-feeding) (JERVIS et al. 1996). about 1400 species belonging to 10 subfamilies Males do not feed or feed only on sugar (Anteoninae, Aphelopinae, Apodryininae, solutions. Bocchinae, Conganteoninae, Dryininae, Polyphagy appears to be the rule within Gonatopodinae, Laberitinae, Plesiodryininae, Dryinidae, as is the case in Strepsiptera and Transdryininae) and living in all terrestrial Pipunculidae which are other parasitoids of habitats from sea-level to the high mountains. Auchenorrhyncha (WALOFF & JERVIS 1987). Knowledge of the ecology and biology of Dry- Only Crovettia theliae (GAHAN), species belon- inid wasps is insufficient, the main gap regar- ging to the subfamily Aphelopinae and parasi- ding parasitoid - host interactions. Hosts are toid of Thelia bimaculata FABR1C1US (Membra- known only in 5 of the 10 above mentioned cidae), seems to be monophagous. subfamilies (Anteoninae, Aphelopinae, Dryinidae species parasitize adults and Bocchinae, Dryininae and Gonatopodinae) nymphs of Auchenorrhyncha. Usually the (GUCLIELMINO & OLMI 1997). Usually Dryi- parasitized host does not exhibit fundamental nids are both parasitoids and predators on changes, if it is parasitized in the adult stage. their hosts, being very effective for the biolo- On the contrary, the parasitization on nym- gical control of plant pests. Auchenorrhyn- phal stages can have different effects. If the cha, indeed, as well as causing direct damage host's metamorphosis is not stopped by the to plant through their feeding, oviposition, Dryinidae (as in the case of Crovettia and and production of honeydew and wax, may be Aphelopus species), the adult of the Auche- also vectors of several pathogen agents (virus, norrhyncha species exhibits fundamental mor- bacteria, spiroplasma, phytoplasma) and so phological, anatomical and physiological may cause considerable economic damage. changes (depigmentation, males similar in appearance to females, parasitic castration, Evolution and biology ecc). If the host's metamorphosis is stopped (as in Anteoninae, Bocchinae, Dryininae, In the evolution of Dryinidae, driving for- Gonatopodinae species), the nymph does not ces seem to be the host-capture and the host's reach the adult stage. According to PlLLAULT reaction (OLMI 1994)- They acted mainly on (1951), the host's metamorphosis is stopped the female sex, the only one having any by substances produced by dryinid larva. contact with the host, and involved changes of the prothorax (from very short and almost Dryinidae reproduction may be bisexual not visible in dorsal view to elongated and and/or parthenogenetic (thelytokous or arrhe- very mobile) and fore legs (from short and no notokous); the polyembryony is known only raptorial to elongated and raptorial with in Crovettia theliae (GAHAN) (Aphelopinae). robust and mobile chelae) (Figs 1-6). Regar- The females of many species of Dryinidae ding the 5 subfamilies known to have relati- are similar to ants in their general appearance. onships with Auchenorrhyncha, the Aphelo- This mimicry allows them to attack easily pinae females are the most plesiomorphic Dry- their hosts, because ants frequently feed on inids; on the contrary Dryininae and especial- the honeydew produced by Auchenorrhyncha ly Gonatopodinae females the most evolved. defending them from natural enemies. This The modest male selection explains also why phenomenon was observed mainly in apterous in several groups females and males are so dif- females of genus Gonatopus, but also in winged ferent (Figs 7, 8). females like the Australian Anteon myrmeco- Parallel with the evolution of these mor- philum (PERKINS), a myrmecophilous species phological characters, the Dryinidae females parasitoid of Ipo conferta (Cicadellidae). developed their predatory behaviour to obtain Knowledge on the biology of the Dryi- energy and nutrients necessary for egg produc- nidae is insufficient (see OLMI 1984 for a 550 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Figs 1-5. Evolution in Dryinidae females invol- ving changes mainly of thorax and fore legs. Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Crovettia masneri (OLMI 1984) Anteon ephippiger (DALMAN 1818) (Anteoninae) (from OLMI 1999). (= Biaphelopus masneri OLMI 1984) (Aphelopinae), (from OLMI Length 2,2 mm. 1984). Length 2.43 mm. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Bocchus scaramozzinoi OLMI 1984 (Bocchinae) (from OLMI 1999). Dryinus collaris (LINNAEUS 1767) (Dryininae) (from OLMI 1999). Length 4.2 mm Length 5.9 mm. 551 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at review). In particular, few data are known on the postembryonic development. These insec- ts are hypermetamorphic; their postembryonic development consists of 4 or 5 larval instars, the last of which is the mature larva (PERKINS 1905; BUYCKX 1948; BARRETT et al. 1965; Fig. 5. HERNANDEZ & BELLOTI 1984; KITAMURA Gonatopus lunatus KLUG 1810 1985; GIRI & FREYTAG 1988; ABRIL RAMIREZ (Gonatopodinae) (from OLMI 1999). 1992; VlRLA 1992; GUCLIELMINO & VlRLA Length 3,3 mm. 1998). The immature larval instars are usually sacciform and endo-ectoparasitic. The anteri- or part of their body lies in the haemocoel of the host and the posterior part protrudes out- side between two overlapping sclerites of the host (Fig. 9). The immature larvae of the poly- embryonic genus Crovettia (Aphelopinae) are an exception being totally endoparasitic and developing inside the host haemocoel (KORN- HAUSER 1919; OLMI 1994). In each subfamily of the Dryinidae, the mature larva is hymenopteriform (sensu GAULD & BOLTON 1988); it is an eucephalous larva with developed mouth-parts. This larva kills the host by eating out all its internal organs; it then crawls out and pupates in a silk cocoon in the soil or on plants (Figs 9, 10) (see OLMI 1994 for a review). Few data are known on feeding habits of the immature larvae of the Dryinidae and con- cern only the subfamilies known having rela- tionships with Auchenorrhyncha. The following are few hypotheses quoted Fig. 6. Evolution of the chelae for each subfamily. in Dryinidae females In the Aphelopinae, the immature larval (from OLMI 1999) sho- wing an increase of the instars feed through a tissue which absorbs the number of bristles and substances from the host transforming them lamellae and a more into high energy nutrients (KEILIN &. THOMP- elongated distal part of SON 1915; FENTON 1918; BUYCKX 1948). How the 5th tarsal segment. A: Anteon jurineanum these nutrients are consumed by the Aphelo- LATREIUE 1809. Scale = pinae larvae is unknown. In addition, the 0.07 mm; B: Anteon ful- nature of this tissue is not clear. According viventre (HAUDAY 1828). Scale = 0.04 mm; KEILIN & THOMPSON (1915) and FENTON C: Dryinus canariensis (1918), this tissue is composed by hypodermal (CEBAUOS 1927). Scale = cells of the host body. These cells are stimula- 0.06 mm; ted to abnormal growth by the presence of the D: Gonatopus solidus parasite. The early stages of the parasite deve- (HAUPT 1938). Scale = 0.05 mm. lop inside of the host body and are enclosed a: arolium; b: basal part by this tissue forming a «cyst». When the of 5th segment; c: distal immature larvae assume a curved position and part of 5th segment; protrude outside of the host body, the cyst d: enlarged claw; e: bristles; f: lamellae. remains in intimate connection with the 552 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at attachement area of the larva and goes on one or more layers of transparent permeable absorbing and transforming the nutrients for cuticle. Besides, they are unrelated to the host the parasite. According to Bl'YCKX (1948), on gut. the contrary, this tissue is formed by cells of Immature larvae of Anteoninae and the trophamnion, a membrane surrounding Bocchinae seem to have a feeding habit inter- the embryo. After the eclosion, the tropham- mediate between Aphelopinae and Gonato- nion remains as a sac-like structure in front of podinae (PONOMARENKO 1975). The part of Fig. 8. the larval mouth, forming a barrier between the larva body lying into the host body is sur- Gonatopus clavipes (THUNBERG) (from the host and parasite. The cells of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ricania Japonica (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)]
    Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Artvin Coruh University Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Journal of Forestry Faculty ISSN:2146-1880, e-ISSN: 2146-698X ISSN:2146-1880, e-ISSN: 2146-698X Yıl: 2019, Cilt: 20, Sayı:2, Sayfa:229-238 Year: 2019, Vol: 20, Issue: 2, Pages:229-238 ofd.artvin.edu.tr Effect of cultural management methods against fake butterfly [Ricania japonica (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)] Yalancı kelebek [Ricania japonica (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)]’e karşı bazi kültürel mücadele yöntemlerinin etkisi Kaan ALTAŞ1 , Kibar AK1 1Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Samsun, Turkey Eser Bilgisi / Article Info Abstract Araştırma makalesi / Research article This study was conducted between 2017 and 2018 to determine the cultural measures that are DOI: 10.17474/artvinofd.583374 applied in the control against Ricania japonica (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae), which has caused damage in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey for approximately 10 years as an important pest. Pests are Sorumlu yazar / Corresponding author widespread in this region but there is no other important pest that requires significant chemical Kibar AK control in crop plants, in particular tea plants. Furthermore, this pest population, whose population e-mail: [email protected] has grown since 2009, may cause significant losses in vegetables especially for traditional family needs Geliş tarihi / Received during its nymph period. The fact that vegetable fields have been almost interwened with tea plants 27.06.2019 and synthetic pesticides are not used in tea plant production, has caused us to focus on cultural Düzeltme tarihi / Received in revised form methods, which are among alternative pest-fighting methods. With this study, the purpose was to 04.09.2019 determine the effects of kaolin, refined salt and ash applications against the nymphs of the pests, and Kabul Tarihi / Accepted to investigate how to destroy the infected plant materials in which the pest lay eggs until the middle 10.10.2019 of May.
    [Show full text]
  • Les Méthodes De Lutte Biologique Ou Biotechnique Contre Les Insectes Nuisibles À La Vigne Gilles Sentenac, Denis Thiery
    Les méthodes de lutte biologique ou biotechnique contre les insectes nuisibles à la vigne Gilles Sentenac, Denis Thiery To cite this version: Gilles Sentenac, Denis Thiery. Les méthodes de lutte biologique ou biotechnique contre les insectes nuisibles à la vigne. Mondiaviti, Dec 2008, Bordeaux, France. 163 p. hal-02754269 HAL Id: hal-02754269 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02754269 Submitted on 3 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 3 et 4 décembre 2008 Compte-rendu technique Parc des Expositions de Bordeaux Forum des Idées • Salon Vinitech Organisé conjointement par Sous le haut patronage de Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin FRANCE Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin 3 et 4 décembre 2008 Compte-rendu technique IFV (Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin) Domaine de l’Espiguette 30240 LE GRAU DU ROI Tél. 33 (0)4 66 51 40 45 Fax 33 (0)4 66 51 59 28 Organisateur : Thierry Coulon IFV 39, rue Michel Montaigne 33290 Blanquefort Tél. 33 (0)5 56 35 58 80 Fax 33 (0)5 56 35 58 88 3 et 4 décembre 2008 est organisé par IFV Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin et Vinitech Salon Mondial des Equipements et Techniques de la Vigne, du Vin et des Spiritueux dans le cadre de Vinitech 2008 Ses organisateurs remercient tous les Organismes et Sociétés qui ont bien voulu apporter leur soutien et leur concours.
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Species of Gonatopus Ljungh from Ecuador (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) Два Новых Вида Рода Gonatopus Ljungh
    Евразиатский энтомол. журнал 15. Прил. 1: 108–112 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2016 Two new species of Gonatopus Ljungh from Ecuador (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) Äâà íîâûõ âèäà ðîäà Gonatopus Ljungh èç Ýêâàäîðà (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) M. Olmi*, A. Guglielmino** Ì. Îëüìè*, À. Ãóãëèåëüìèíî** * Tropical Entomology Research Center, Via De Gasperi 10, Viterbo 01100 Italy. E-mail: [email protected]. * Исследовательский центр тропической энтомологии, Виа Де Гаспери 10, Витербо 01100 Италия. ** Department of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo 01100 Italy. E-mail: [email protected]. ** Департамент сельского и лесного хозяйств, Тосканский университет, Камилло де Леллис, Витербо 01100 Италия. Key words: Chrysidoidea, Gonatopus leleji, Gonatopus tapiai, keys, Neotropical Region. Ключевые слова: Chrysidoidea, Gonatopus leleji, Gonatopus tapiai, определительные таблицы, Неотро- пический регион. Abstract. Two new species of the genus Gonatopus Ljungh, 2. Enlarged claw without subapical tooth or sometimes with 1810 are described from Ecuador, G. leleji Olmi et Guglielm- one very small subapical tooth (Plate 181A in Olmi, Virla, ino, sp.n. from Napo Province and G. tapiai Olmi et Guglielm- 2014) ............................................................................. 3 ino, sp.n. from Cotopaxi Province, increasing the number of — Enlarged claw with one large subapical tooth (Figs 5, 10) Gonatopus species reported from this country to 32. ...................................................................................... 6 3. Distal apex of enlarged claw with group of lamellae (not Резюме. Дано описание 2 новых видов рода Gonatopus found in the Neotropical Region) ..................... Group 8 Ljungh из Эквадора — G. leleji Olmi et Guglielmino, sp.n. — Distal apex of enlarged claw without lamellae (Plates из провинции Напо и G. tapiai Olmi et Guglielmino, sp.n.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Genus Anteon Jurine (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from Laos
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 561: 31–38A new (2016) species of the genus Anteon Jurine (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from Laos 31 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.561.7417 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new species of the genus Anteon Jurine (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from Laos Massimo Olmi1, Zai-fu Xu2, Adalgisa Guglielmino3, Stefano Speranza3 1 Tropical Entomology Research Center, Viterbo, Italy 2 Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China 3 Department of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy Corresponding author: Massimo Olmi ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Engel | Received 5 December 2015 | Accepted 4 January 2016 | Published 8 February 2016 http://zoobank.org/8446A28C-D48A-45CB-AA2E-C2746A341E3A Citation: Olmi M, Xu Z, Guglielmino A, Speranza S (2016) A new species of the genus Anteon Jurine (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from Laos. ZooKeys 561: 31–38. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.561.7417 Abstract A new species of Anteon Jurine, 1807 is described from Laos, Houaphanh Province: A. holzschuhi sp. n. Morphologically the new species is similar to A. semipolitum Olmi, 2008, but it is distinguished by the sculpture of the face partly reticulate rugose and partly with deep punctures similar to areolae; in A. semi- politum the face is completely punctate and unsculptured among punctures. In addition, in the new species the distance from the outer edge of a lateral ocellus to the compound eye (OOL) is about 3.3 times as long as the distance between the inner edges of a lateral ocellus and the median ocellus (OL); in A.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Habitat Fragmentation and Disturbance on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions
    Effects of habitat fragmentation and disturbance on biodiversity and ecosystem functions Inauguraldissertation der Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Bern vorgelegt von Christof Schüepp von Eschlikon TG Leiter der Arbeit: Prof. Dr. M. H. Entling Institut für Ökologie und Evolution | downloaded: 13.3.2017 Von der Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät angenommen. Bern, 14. Mai 2013 Der Dekan: Prof. Dr. S. Decurtins Originaldokument gespeichert auf dem Webserver der Universitätsbibliothek Bern Dieses Werk ist unter einem https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.54819 Creative Commons Namensnennung-Keine kommerzielle Nutzung-Keine Bearbeitung 2.5 Schweiz Lizenzvertrag lizenziert. Um die Lizenz anzusehen, gehen Sie bitte zu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ch/ oder schicken Sie einen Brief an Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA. source: Effects of habitat fragmentation and disturbance on biodiversity and ecosystem functions Creative Commons Licence Urheberrechtlicher Hinweis Dieses Dokument steht unter einer Lizenz der Creative Commons Namensnennung- Keine kommerzielle Nutzung-Keine Bearbeitung 2.5 Schweiz. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ch/ Sie dürfen: dieses Werk vervielfältigen, verbreiten und öffentlich zugänglich machen Zu den folgenden Bedingungen: Namensnennung. Sie müssen den Namen des Autors/Rechteinhabers in der von ihm festgelegten Weise nennen (wodurch aber nicht der Eindruck entstehen darf, Sie oder die Nutzung des Werkes durch Sie würden entlohnt). Keine kommerzielle Nutzung. Dieses Werk darf nicht für kommerzielle Zwecke verwendet werden. Keine Bearbeitung. Dieses Werk darf nicht bearbeitet oder in anderer Weise verändert werden. Im Falle einer Verbreitung müssen Sie anderen die Lizenzbedingungen, unter welche dieses Werk fällt, mitteilen. Jede der vorgenannten Bedingungen kann aufgehoben werden, sofern Sie die Einwilligung des Rechteinhabers dazu erhalten.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Genus Anteon Jurine, 1807 (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) from South Korea, with Description of a New Species
    Zootaxa 3626 (4): 517–530 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3626.4.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DD9DF37B-B730-4169-A0BA-67ABE056C013 A review of the genus Anteon Jurine, 1807 (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) from South Korea, with description of a new species CHANG-JUN KIM & JONG-WOOK LEE1 Department of Life-Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 712-749, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 1Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Fifteen species of Anteon Jurine 1807 are recognized from South Korea, among which A. magnatum Kim & Lee, sp. nov. and ten newly recorded species: A. achterbergi Olmi, 1991; A. ephippiger (Dalman, 1818); A. esakii Yasumatsu, 1960; A. flavicorne (Dalman, 1818); A. insertum Olmi, 1991; A. medium Olmi, 1998; A. pilosum Xu, Olmi & He, 2010; A. reticulatum Kieffer, 1905; A. septentrionale Xu, He & Olmi, 2002; A. takenoi Olmi, 1995. A. esakii Yasumatsu and A. medium Olmi are also recorded from Russian Far East and China, Jilin, respectively (new records). Keys to South Korean species of Anteon are also provided. Key words: Anteon magnatum sp. nov., Anteoninae, Cicadellidae, ectoparasitoids, keys Introduction Genus Anteon Jurine, 1807 includes species ectoparasitoids and predators of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (Guglielmino & Olmi 1997, 2006, 2007). It is one of the largest genera of the family Dryinidae, including 422 species present in all world (Xu et al. 2013) and about 36 species in Eastern Palaearctic region (Olmi, pers.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) Zhiwei Liu Eastern Illinois University, [email protected]
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Faculty Research & Creative Activity Biological Sciences January 2007 Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) Zhiwei Liu Eastern Illinois University, [email protected] Michael S. Engel University of Kansas, Lawrence David A. Grimaldi American Museum of Natural History Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Liu, Zhiwei; Engel, Michael S.; and Grimaldi, David A., "Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)" (2007). Faculty Research & Creative Activity. 197. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac/197 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Research & Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3583, 48 pp., 27 figures, 4 tables September 6, 2007 Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) ZHIWEI LIU,1 MICHAEL S. ENGEL,2 AND DAVID A. GRIMALDI3 CONTENTS Abstract . ........................................................... 1 Introduction . ....................................................... 2 Systematic Paleontology . ............................................... 3 Superfamily Cynipoidea Latreille . ....................................... 3
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of the Biodiverse Parasitoid Hymenoptera (Insecta) to Assess Arthropod Diversity Associated with Topsoil Stockpiled
    RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 83 355–374 (2013) SUPPLEMENT The use of the biodiverse parasitoid Hymenoptera (Insecta) to assess arthropod diversity associated with topsoil stockpiled for future rehabilitation purposes on Barrow Island, Western Australia Nicholas B. Stevens, Syngeon M. Rodman, Tamara C. O’Keeffe and David A. Jasper. Outback Ecology (subsidiary of MWH Global), 41 Bishop St, Jolimont, Western Australia 6014, Australia. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT – This paper examines the species richness and abundance of the Hymenoptera parasitoid assemblage and assesses their potential to provide an indication of the arthropod diversity present in topsoil stockpiles as part of the Topsoil Management Program for Chevron Australia Pty Ltd Barrow Island Gorgon Project. Fifty six emergence trap samples were collected over a two year period (2011 and 2012) from six topsoil stockpiles and neighbouring undisturbed reference sites. An additional reference site that was close to the original source of the topsoil on Barrow Island was also sampled. A total of 14,538 arthropod specimens, representing 22 orders, were collected. A rich and diverse hymenopteran parasitoid assemblage was collected with 579 individuals, representing 155 species from 22 families. The abundance and species richness of parasitoid wasps had a strong positive linear relationship with the abundance of potential host arthropod orders which were found to be higher in stockpile sites compared to their respective neighbouring reference site. The species richness and abundance of new parasitoid wasp species yielded from the relatively small sample area indicates that there are many species on Barrow Island that still remain to be discovered. This study has provided an initial assessment of whether the hymenoptera parasitoid assemblage can give an indication of arthropod diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Biocontrol Characteristics of the Fruit Fly Pupal Parasitoid Trichopria Drosophilae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) Emerging from Diff
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Biocontrol characteristics of the fruit fy pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae (Hymenoptera: Received: 17 April 2018 Accepted: 20 August 2018 Diapriidae) emerging from diferent Published: xx xx xxxx hosts Jiani Chen1,2, Sicong Zhou1,2, Ying Wang1,2, Min Shi1,2, Xuexin Chen1,2,3 & Jianhua Huang 1,2 Trichopria drosophilae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) is an important pupal endoparasitoid of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and some other fruit fy species, such as D. suzukii, a very important invasive and economic pest. Studies of T. drosophilae suggest that this could be a good biological control agent for fruit fy pests. In this research, we compared the parasitic characteristics of T. drosophilae reared in D. melanogaster (TDm) with those reared in D. hydei (TDh). TDh had a larger size than TDm. The number of maximum mature eggs of a female TDh was 133.6 ± 6.9, compared with the signifcantly lower value of 104.8 ± 11.4 for TDm. Mated TDh female wasp continuously produced female ofspring up to 6 days after mating, compared with only 3 days for TDm. In addition, the ofspring female ratio of TDh, i.e., 82.32%, was signifcantly higher than that of TDm, i.e., 61.37%. Under starvation m treatment, TDh survived longer than TDm. TDh also survived longer than TD at high temperatures, such as 37 °C, although they both survived well at low temperatures, such as 18 °C and 4 °C. Old-age TDh females maintained a high parasitism rate and ofspring female ratio, while they were declined in old-age TDm.
    [Show full text]
  • Las Avispas Dryinidae De La Región Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea)
    RodríguezBiota Colombiana 1 (2) 141 - 163, 2000 Crocodiles of the Neotropical Region - 141 Las Avispas Dryinidae de la Región Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) Massimo Olmi1, Eduardo G. Virla2 y Fernando Fernández C.3 1 Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante, Universita degli Studi della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis – 01100 Viterbo, Italia. [email protected] 2 División Control Biológico, PROIMI, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. [email protected] 3 Instituto Humboldt, Apartado Aéreo 8693, Santafé de Bogotá D.C., Colombia. [email protected] Palabras Clave: Hymenoptera, Dryinidae, Región Neotropical, Lista de Especies Los Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) consti- para el control biológico de homópteros plaga. tuyen una familia de avispas cosmopolita con aproximada- mente 1400 especies, que son parasitoides y normalmente Es de destacar que el 80,4% de las 425 especies citadas para también depredadores de Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha. la región se conocen solo a partir de uno de los sexos, y las relaciones con sus hospedadores son prácticamente des- La familia está compuesta por avispas pequeñas que son conocidas. fácilmente distinguibles de los otros miembros de Chrysidoidea por poseer antenas filiformes constituidas por El objetivo de este estudio es aumentar el conocimiento de 10 antenitos, que se insertan cerca del clípeo, y el protarso esta familia en el neotrópico, listando las especies conoci- de las hembras (salvo en aquellas de la subfamilia das para esta región y adjuntando nueva información so- Aphelopinae) transformado en una “quela” compuesta por bre su distribución geográfica. una de las uñas hipertrofiadas y una expansión lateral del tarsómero 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Assemblage of Hymenoptera Arriving at Logs Colonized by Ips Pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Its Microbial Symbionts in Western Montana
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences 2009 Assemblage of Hymenoptera Arriving at Logs Colonized by Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its Microbial Symbionts in Western Montana Celia K. Boone Diana Six University of Montana - Missoula, [email protected] Steven J. Krauth Kenneth F. Raffa Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/decs_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Boone, Celia K.; Six, Diana; Krauth, Steven J.; and Raffa, Kenneth F., "Assemblage of Hymenoptera Arriving at Logs Colonized by Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its Microbial Symbionts in Western Montana" (2009). Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications. 33. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/decs_pubs/33 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 172 Assemblage of Hymenoptera arriving at logs colonized by Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its microbial symbionts in western Montana Celia K. Boone Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin,
    [Show full text]