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Dissertação-Yuri-Garcia.Pdf Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Centro de Educação e Humanidades Faculdade de Comunicação Social Yuri Garcia O Vampiro Camaleônico Uma análise de “Drácula” em suas múltiplas encarnações na Literatura e Cinema Rio de Janeiro 2014 Yuri Garcia O Vampiro Camaleônico Uma análise de “Drácula” em suas múltiplas encarnações na Literatura e Cinema Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre, ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Área de concentração: Comunicação Social. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Erick Felinto de Oliveira Rio de Janeiro 2014 CATALOGAÇÃO NA FONTE UERJ / REDE SIRIUS / BIBLIOTECA CEH/A G216 Garcia, Yuri. O Vampiro Camaleônico : uma análise de “Drácula” em suas múltiplas encarnações na Literatura e Cinema / Yuri Garcia. – 2014. 220 f. Orientador: Erick Felinto de Oliveira. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Comunicação Social. 1. Drácula, Conde (Personagem fictício) – Teses. 2. Filmes de vampiros – Teses. 3. Adaptações para o cinema – Teses. I. Oliveira, Erick Felinto de. II. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Comunicação Social. III. Título. es CDU 791::392.28 Autorizo, apenas para fins acadêmicos e científicos, a reprodução total ou parcial desta dissertação. ___________________________________ _______________ Assinatura Data Yuri Garcia O Vampiro Camaleônico Uma análise de “Drácula” em suas múltiplas encarnações na Literatura e Cinema Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre, ao Programa de Pós-graduação em COMUNICAÇÃO, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Área de concentração: Comunicação Social. Aprovado em 27 de fevereiro de 2014. Banca examinadora: Prof. Dr. Erick Felinto de Oliveira (Orientador) Faculdade de Comunicação Social – UERJ Prof. Dra. Fátima Cristina Regis Martins de Oliveira Faculdade de Comunicação Social – UERJ Prof. Dra. Ieda Tucherman Escola de Comunicação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – ECO-UFRJ Rio de Janeiro 2014 DEDICATÓRIA Dedico este trabalho a minha família, amigos e namorada que me acompanharam nesse percurso e acima de tudo, a minha madrinha, que mesmo após perder seu marido de forma trágica, sempre foi essencial na minha vida e sempre me apoiou. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à minha família por me apoiar nesses dois anos de estudo. Meu avô, por me possibilitar participar de eventos acadêmicos quando meu dinheiro se encontrava escasso. Minha madrinha por se interessar constantemente por minhas produções e realizações. Minha avó por confiar em minha capacidade e potencial e minha mãe por me incentivar a alcançar minhas metas. Aos meus amigos do mestrado e doutorado pelas trocas acadêmicas e não acadêmicas ao longo desses dois anos de estudo e amizade. Entre eles destaco Ivan Mussa, Rafael Barbosa, Fábio Grotz, Alessandra Maia, Júlio Altieri e Letícia Perani pela ajuda e companheirismo. Devo especial agradecimento ao ex-mestrando da UERJ e atual doutorando da UFRJ, José Messias por suas diversas dicas e paciência ao longo de nossa amizade e de minha vida acadêmica. Reservo aqui um espaço destacado para o meu amigo e companheiro Filipe Feijó por sua amizade, companheirismo, colaboração intelectual, ensinamentos e interesse por filmes de horror e diversos outros gostos macabros que possuímos em comum. Aos professores do programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Márcio Gonçalves, cuja amizade e franqueza foram os pontapés iniciais para a minha pesquisa e Cíntia SanMartin pelo seu enorme interesse em minha pesquisa durante as aulas de metodologia que me motivou mais a insistir em um tema tão sombrio. Ao professor Erick Felinto que foi um orientador, professor, incentivador e acima de tudo, um amigo desde o início. Seu enorme interesse e conhecimento sobre os temas os quais eu trabalho, e sua supervisão foram vitais para a produção desta dissertação. Aos funcionários do PPGCom, por sua atenção e boa vontade, criando a secretaria mais bem humorada e prestativa da UERJ. À minha namorada Daniele Basso que, mesmo estando comigo a pouco tempo, me ajudou e incentivou muito nas etapas finais deste trabalho e que junto com as mulheres da minha família apontadas acima, formam a minha torcida organizada pessoal. Elas acreditam que eu serei o futuro do nosso país e eu fico sem graça de dizer a verdade. RESUMO GARCIA, Yuri. O Vampiro Camaleônico: Uma análise de “Drácula” em suas múltiplas encarnações na Literatura e Cinema. 2014. 220 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em COMUNICAÇÃO) – Faculdade de Comunicação Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2014. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a imagem de Drácula ao longo de seus mais 100 anos de existência em nossa cultura, sobretudo em suas representações nos meios literários e audiovisuais. Buscamos traçar as transformações do personagem e de sua história ao longo de um grande percurso de incursões cinematográficas. Para isso iniciaremos um debate sobre a imagem do vampiro, sua origem e suas diversas evoluções desenvolvendo o que chamamos aqui de “Mitologia Vampírica”, aproveitando para apresentar o estudo das materialidades como um complemento metodológico às clássicas análises já existentes. Em seguida, traremos o vampiro para a literatura, destacando o livro de Stoker como o mais importante vampiro da história. Drácula, embora seja um produto literário, alcança seu ápice no meio audiovisual como um dos personagens mais representados e uma das histórias mais adaptadas como veremos através de uma pequena arqueologia de suas aparições no cinema. Para finalizar nosso estudo, nos aprofundaremos na análise de 5 filmes, que julgamos ser os mais pertinentes dentro de todas as transposições fílmicas até então feitas sobre o livro de Bram Stoker. Palavras-chave: Drácula. Vampiro. Transposições Cinematográficas. Arqueologia da Mídia. ABSTRACT GARCIA, Yuri. The Chameleonic Vampire: An analyzes of “Dracula” in its multiples encarnations in Literature and Cinema. 2014. 220 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em COMUNICAÇÃO) - Faculdade de Comunicação Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2014. This research aims to analyze the image of Dracula throughout its more than 100 years of existence in our culture, especially in its representations in literary and audiovisual media. We seek to trace the transformations of the character and his story along a major route of cinematographic incursions. For this we shall initiate a debate on the image of the vampire, its origin and its various evolutions developing what we call here “Vampiric mythology”, taking the opportunity to present the study of materiality as a methodological complement to the classical analyzes already existent. Then we will bring the vampire to literature, highlighting Stoker’s book as the most important vampire in history. Dracula, though a literary product, reaches its climax in the audiovisual medium as one of the most represented characters and one of the most adapted stories as we shall see through a small archeology of its appearances in the movies. To conclude our study, we shall deepen in the analysis of 5 films, which we believe to be most relevant in all the filmic transpositions hitherto made about Bram Stoker’s novel. Keywords: Dracula. Vampire. Cinematographic Transpositions. Media Archaeology. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................ 8 1 VAMPIROS ............................................................................................................ 12 1.1 Nossos Vampiros, Nós Mesmos .............................................................................. 18 1.2 O Corpo do Vampiro .............................................................................................. 27 1.3 Mortos que Morrem ............................................................................................... 33 2 DRÁCULA.............................................................................................................. 37 2.1 The Vampyre, Carmilla e Drácula: 3 obras vampíricas ........................................ 37 2.2 O Gótico .................................................................................................................. 42 2.3 Drácula.................................................................................................................... 49 2.4 Inglaterra Vitoriana e “O Empalador” ................................................................ 51 2.5 O Legado de Kittler ................................................................................................ 56 3 DRÁCULA VAI AO CINEMA .............................................................................. 60 3.1 Adaptação / Transposição Cinematográfica.......................................................... 61 3.2 Cinema: Sensações e Interpretações ...................................................................... 63 3.3 Drácula no Cinema ................................................................................................. 66 4 ANÁLISE FÍLMICA ............................................................................................ 105 4.1 Nosferatu – Uma sinfonia do Horror (1922) ........................................................ 106 4.2 Drácula (1931) ...................................................................................................... 110 4.3 O Vampiro da Noite (1958)
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