Conrad Weiser and His Memorial Park
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CONRAD WEISER AND HIS MEMORIAL PARK A LI1TLE HISTORY IN THREE PARTS Part I. Conrad Weise.r-Who He W·as Part II. W?iser's Descendants-What They Did Part III. The Park-How It Can1e to Be ':By REV. P. C. CROLL, D. D. Chairman of the Historical Committee of the Conrad Weiser Memorial Park Association READING EAGLE PRESS Reading, Penna. 1926 OTHER BOOKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR Tributes · to Luther, 1884. Golden Wedding Ring, 1887. Historic Landmarks of the Lebanon Valley, 1895. Art Work of Lebanon C:>unty, Pa., 1895. Bible Q-uiz, 189~. Bible Gem.s,' 1908. The Penna.-German-A Magazine- l 900-i905. Gardening• and Out-of-Doors, 1917. Slumberland and ~lun1ber So_ngs, 1917. Annals of Womelsdorf, etc., 1923. Tulpehocken Bi-Centennial. 1923. \Vcstern Berks, in 3 \'ol. History, 1924. Translations fronz the German Jewish Artisan Life (Delitzsch), 1884. Jesus and I:lillel (Delitzsch)~ 1884. Alli, or Blessed are the Merciful (Hoffman), 1886. DEDICATED TO A HOST OF PUBLIC,SPIRITED FRIENDS THE CONTRIBUTORS -by THE AUTHOR --~.- ,:: _... ; ... -.~-~:.}•/.}::"~~ ... ·•. ;, ._\~~ .. .;,., .. ~-.. ~ ... ~:.~~I '\?··. .: ·,: ,·. ~ ·: :~ .· -~ .... :.. - .._ ~-.. ..... ~:. ·: -·: .. : '":'~ . ~.: .. · .... -.. --~ . .... '_:.~:~_ _ " .... .. .. .••. ·. ... -: : ... --.:•-"",,..,. ...... ·.... · . ·. -·,._-~: /\ ~~\: :; ----~----~-'. i.:~- :?l:.i('• '>. :··•. ••·•• J"'. ,·. ... • ,.,__ ... ~'. , I•••• •,: ·• :•' ,':• ·• -~ ··•: ·.· ,/~•.: /·:·.:,. I·. "'~'..,.. ·; -~· ":... ,·.:··,,·_::~.;-_'.-_;_.-_~,/';: ·. :.-,>~- ·,;·· f i.'.f~~~;{· ~- ~ •,. :- ... t,.,c,. ; · •. ;;·rt?. ' ~--· '··.'., .... , ~- ·. -~-.... .... -: ..,. ' ·... i __• ___ ,._"'-! ¥~~---=-- . J COLONEL CONRAD WEISER IN HIS ADVANCED AGE Part I C·oNRAr> WEISER~WHo HE ·WAs /r.\N JUNE. 1:1, 1 ,10, there landed at Ne\v York \::.J harbor ten sailing Yesse1s \\'hich had carried · across the storn1Y Atlantic about three thou- · - . sand Palatinatc-Gennan. fugith·es, ,vho had first fled down the. Rhine valley to Rotterdam. and thence across to_ London to escape the ravages and p~rsecutions of that arn1y of ruthless blood-hounds ,vho1n ·Louis XI\,\ the Catholic, Jet loose ·upon this section of Protestant Gern1any after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in 1685. Savs a ,,·riter *v~~ho describes this atrocitv: ., - '''furenne,_ \\'ho had received definite orders_ front Ver sailles to devastate the Palatinate, did his ·,vork thor oughly. Once 1nore the 1nonotonous tale of n1isery n1ust be told : X ohlen1an. citizen. pea~ant_ plundered; fields laid ,vaste; cattle carrit'd off; e,·en the clothing . torn f ron1 the haL-ks of the wretche<l Yicti1ns. \Vhat could not be carried a ,,·ar \Vas destroyed; even the - bells and organs ,,·ere taken fro1n the churches. .A.t one ti1ne seven cities and nineteen villages ,vere burn ing; starvation unce 111ore threatened the ho111eless peasant." . 1\1 acaulay has gi\·en us the following picture of the horrors of this deYas!ation: "rfhe ~on11nander an nounced to near half a 111illion hu1na11 beings that he gra_nted the111 three days of grace, and that \Vithin that ti111e they n1ust shift for. thetnsel ves. Soon the roads and fields, ,vhich then lay deep in snow, were black ened by in11un1erable 111ul~itudes of n1en, ,votnen and ----* Prof. O,:;ca1· Kulm:,; iu hi:,; .. t:~rurn11 ;1111I Swi~~ Settll'nwnts ha l'l'rmsyl- vania,'' p. 11. :,- children flying f rr,m their hum es .... :\Iean,\·hile the _work of destruction ,vent_ on. ·The flan1es \\·ent up from ev~ry market place, e\·ery parish church, ev=ery country seat, within the de\·oted province. The fields where the corn had been so,Yed "·ere ploughed up. The orcliards "'ere he~,·n do,\·n. No ·.promi.se of a harvest ,vas left on the fertile plains near ,vhat had been Frankenthal. Not a yj ne, not an ahnond tree ,vas to be seen on the slopes of the sunny hills around ,vhat had .once been Heidelberg*." \Vith such a background of experience one may easily in,aginc th~ feelings of these thousands of f u gitives, whom .Protestant Queen A.nne of Great Britain had sent from London to her ?\" e,v York colony for safety and a livelihoocl. They . \Vere a11 honest and thrifty folk, but no,v i111poverished .to the utmost. But such classes could not be kept do,vn. Not a fe,v among them, ~ut have ,vritten their names l,Jigh upon the pages of i\.merican history. either by their 0\\711 deeds, or the brave· and noble . deeds of· their descendants, such as ye.neral~ I-Ierk<.·i1ner and 1I.uh1enberg of the 1 Re,·ol. utionary- \Var. · 1"'here ,ve·re t,,·o orphan boys in this company- they 111ay have been passt>ngers on the sa1ne vessel and beco1ne acquainted on their long journey fainiliarly enough to have played toge:-ther-,\'ho ,vere destined to n1ake for then1selves careers, for ,vhich the ,vhole country_. of A111erica \\·ould become indebted. They ,vere John Peter Zenger and Conrad \Veiser. They ·"vere of ~bout the sa1nc age, being about fourteen years of age at the titne of their· i1n1nigra-tion. Zenger re- mained in N e,v \" ork Citv. .and in the . course of time ,vas apprenticed to \,\'illiatn Bra~ford, N e,v York's first printer, to learn . the _printer's trade~ He later (173a) established the second X e,v· York ne,vspaper •History of Enghmd, Vol. Jll. IJ, 112 . (j of that publishing center of today-the New York Weekly Journal-and because of his courageous de fense of Jib-erty and the cause_ of the people, over against the tyrannical, aristocratic measures. and_ man _ners of _the Colonial Governor, Cosby, he was sued for .libel and cast into prison. J-Iis trial is one of the most fa111ous cases ever tried in America, because it involved his life and the liberty· of the p_ress. Andre,v IIamilton of Philadelphia, his defending lawyer, saiq. FIRST CHURCH OF PALATINES AT PRESENT NEWBURGH, N. Y. in- his address to the ju.r-y·: "'T"he loss of libe-rty to a generous 111ind is \\·orse than deat11. ·... 'T'he question before the Court and you, gcntle1nen of the jury. is not of s1na1l nor private concern; it is not the cause of a poor printer, ·nor.of Ne,v \:-ork alone, ,vhich yon are no\v trying. No! It 111ay in its consequences af fect e"'/ery free n1an that lives under a ll_ritish Govern ment on the n1ain of An1erica. It is the best cause- 7 it is the ca~se of liberty." Zenger ,vas acquitted amid great demonstrations of joy. Of this trial, Governor. l\'lorris said: "The trial of.Zenger in 1735 wasthe·germ of A1nerican freedo111, the morning star of tha_t liberty ,\·hich subsequently revolutionized ..\merica." John Peter Zenger becan1e the morning star of America's liberty of the p~ess. Conrad Weiser fotlowed the 111ajority of these· im n1igrants up the -l-J udson, later a. portion of them to Schoharie on the l\tlohawk, where he entered the school of hard knocks and, by his knowledge thus . gained, became the \\'ise diplon1at that served at least four colonies in their relation \\'ith the Indians. He li\·ed the ripest period of his life ti1ne in Pennsyl_vania in the 'l'ulpehocken Valley~ and here became a di-·· plo1natic tool in the building of our nation. \Ve -shall here confine ourselves ·to the barest outline of his I if e and deeds. \Ve ,vill let hi111 tell his O\vn· bri'ef personal ~nd do1nestic life sketch. Methodic.al in his habits he "·rote out to,vards the close of his life. the follo,ving. saJit•nt sunuuary of c\"ents that help to portray to his f a1nil ..v and descendants. the checkered career of his strenuous life. \Ve have copied this brief autobio- graphy,. in a· si111ilar vest-pocket sized blank-book and f ron1 tl~is original the follo\\'ing transJatio.n has been 111ade: AUTOBIOGRAPHY i6On No,·. 2. ltH)G,. 1, Conrad .\Yeiser, ,vas born in Europe, in the land of ·wurtten1herg, in the county (amt) of Herrenberg; _the village is called Astaet, and. \\'as christened at l(upingen, nearby. as 1ny father has infonned 111e. I say, I ,vas born on Nov. 2, 1696. ~[y father's na111e· "·as John Conrad \ \-eiser; 111y 1nothe~'s nan1e ,vas _..\nna l\Iagdalena; her fa1nily nan1e was LTe- 8 · bele. My grandfather was Jacob. W ~iser; 1ny great- . / · ~andfather also Jacob Weiser. He ,vas tnagistrate · (Schultheiss) in the villag_e of Great Aspach, in the_ county (amt) of Backnang, also in the land of Wurt te1nbe_rg. In this latter village 1ny ancestors from time immemorial were born and are buried there as ,vell on• my father's as n1y 1nother's side. In 1709 my . n1other passed ·into eternity on the last day of May, in the 43d year· of her age, leaving children, .Catrin~, !Iargaretta 1\-Iagdalena, Sabin, Conrad, George Fred erick; Christopher, Barbara, John Frederick, and \vas buried there by the side of 111y ancestors. She ,vas a God-fearing wo1nan and n1uch beloved by ~1er neigh bors. Her 1notto \Vas: 'Jesus Christ, I Ii,·e for th_ec. I die for thee, thine am I in life .and-death.' "In the year above 111entioncd, ~atnely· in 1709, n1y father 1noved a\\'ay froth Great Aspach on June 24, and took eight children ,vith hhn. l\Iy eldest ~ister, Catrina, remained there ,vith her- h11sband, Conrad Boss, ,vith ,vhotn. she had t,vo children. l\Iy father sold the1n his house, fields, 1nt."ado\\·s. Yineyard and garden, but they could only pay hin1 ~ :i guldt.~n, the re111aindcr, 60() gulden. ,vas to be paid to 111y father at· a sub sequent period, which· ,vas never done, so it ,vas n1ade a present to then1. In about two n1onths ,ve reached London, England, along ,vith several thousand r;er- 111ans, ,vhom Queen Anne, of glorious n1e111ory, had t~ken in charge, and ,Yas furnishing ,vith food.