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Comparison of Some Interesting Molluscs, Trawled by the Belgian Fishery in the Bay of Biscay, with Similar Representatives from Adjacent Waters: Part IV

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Comparison of Some Interesting Molluscs, Trawled by the Belgian Fishery in the Bay of Biscay, with Similar Representatives from Adjacent Waters: Part IV Comparison of some interesting molluscs, trawled by the Belgian fishery in the Bay of Biscay, with similar representatives from adjacent waters: part IV Frank Nolf 1 & Jean-Paul Kreps 2 1 Pr. Stefanieplein, 43/8 – B-8400 Oostende [email protected] 2 Rode Kruisstraat, 5 – B-8300 Knokke-Heist [email protected] Keywords: Bay of Biscay, W France, Belgian (Linnaeus, 1767) by the lack of a deep incision fishery, Mollusca, Bivalvia. on the rostrum. Abstract: In the fourth part of the report on the YOLDIIDAE molluscs collected by the Belgian fishery during the previous decade in the Bay of Biscay, a Yoldiella philippiana (Nyst, 1845) second series of bivalves is briefly described, Plate LXVIII, Figs 401-405 figured and compared with similar specimens from North Atlantic waters, the Mediterranean = Nucula philippiana Nyst, 1845 Sea or West Africa. = Nucula tenuis Philippi, 1836 = Leda pygmaea Münster, 1835 Abbreviations: = Yoldiella lenticula tomlini Winckworth, 1932 FN: private collection of Frank Nolf. = Yoldiella frigida mediterranea Nordsieck, 1974 H.: height. JPK: private collection of Jean-Paul Kreps. Range: From Norway (Pl. LXVIII, Fig. 404), the L.: length. British Isles, the Bay of Biscay (Pl. LXVIII, Figs LV: left valve. 401-403), the Iberian Peninsula, south to W PEMARCO: Pêche Maritime du Congo. Africa and into the Mediterranean (Pl. LXVIII, Fig. RBINS: Royal Belgian Institute for Natural 405). Sciences, Brussels, Belgium. RV: right valve. Shell: The margins are not crenulated and the shells are covered by a thin periostracum. Description of species: Yoldiella cf. propinqua (Leche, 1878) NUCULANIDAE Plate LXVIII, Fig. 406 Nuculana commutata (Philippi, 1844) = Yoldia propinqua Leche, 1878 Plate LXVIII, Figs 397-400 = Yoldia pygmaea var. symmetrica Friele, 1878 = Portlandia persei Messjatsev, 1931 = Nucula commutata Philippi, 1844 = Arca fragilis Chemnitz, 1784 Range: Yoldiella propinqua is widespread in the = Lembulus deltoideus Risso, 1826 north Atlantic and Arctic waters from western = Nucula acuminata Eichwald, 1853 Greenland to Norway and the Kara Sea (type locality) and eastwards to the Laptev Sea. It is Range: From the Bay of Biscay (Pl. LXVIII, Figs considered a true northern species from deep 399-400), W France, N Spain south to Angola, W water within the Norwegian fauna, where it is Africa. More common in the Mediterranean Sea reported from 400 to 1100 m (Killeen & Turner, (Pl. LXVIII, Figs 397-398). 2009). It lives in organic detritus bottoms and in mud Shell: A rather solid shell, but slightly translucent. from 40 to 200 m. This is the shell reported by Vanwalleghem et al. Shell: Solid with heavy concentric ridges and a (2007), yet erroneously identified as Microgloma yellowish-green periostracum. Distinguished pusilla (Jeffreys, 1879). from similar species such as Nuculana pella Neptunea, vol.10, n°1 1 April 2011 1 Because of a lack of enough material we are very elongate and has a very low H/L ratio (our unable to definitively assign it to a certain specimen: 0.30). species. The umbo, slightly anterior to the Pelorce & Poutiers (2009) correctly remarked midline, is broad and prominent, and the dorsal that the Idas-group in the East Atlantic is not fully margin is slightly convex and gently sloping. known and certainly needs a revision. Moreover, the shell shows a moderate tumidity. All these characteristics are typical of Y. Idas simpsoni (Marshall, 1900) propinqua, but juvenile specimens of Yoldiella classified as “Idas” (s.l.) simpsoni (Marshall, philippiana (Nyst, 1845), a species closely 1900) by Pelorce & Poutiers (2009) related to the former, possess the same features Plate LXIX, Figs 409-412; Plate LXX, Figs 413- and are not elongated posteriorly as in the adult 416; Plate LXXI, Figs 417-420 ones. If this specimen should really prove to belong to Y. propinqua, this would result in a = Myrina simpsoni Marshall, 1900 serious range extension of this typically northern = Adipicola pelagica Oskarsson, 1982 species. Range: from the Shetland Islands (Pl. LXX, Pl. MYTILIDAE 415-416), Norway, southern Iceland along the British Isles (Pl. LXXI, Figs 419-420) to the Bay Idas cylindricus Pelorce, 2009 of Biscay (Pl. LXIX, Figs 409-412; Pl. LXX, Figs provisionally included in “Idas” s.l. 413-414) and the Iberian Peninsula into the Plate LXIX, Figs 407-408 Mediterranean Sea (Pl. LXXI, Figs 417-418). Range: off Sète, Hérault, Gulf of Lion (NW of the This species has an exceptional habitat as it Mediterranean Sea), S France (type locality). mainly lives on the skeletons of dolphins and Range extension: South of La Rochelle, Bay of skulls of whales, where it lies attached to the Biscay, W France. sutures by its byssus. Sporadically found on sunken pieces of wood. Reported from sublittoral This species, associated with old sunken whale depths of 70 m to bathyal depths of 350-430 m. bones, has only been known from the type locality up to now. However, Belgian fishermen GLYCYMERIDIDAE collected a number of shells at a depth of 180 m south of La Rochelle in the Bay of Biscay in July Glycymeris glycymeris (Linnaeus, 1758) 2005, a serious range extension into the East Plate LXXII, Figs 423-428; Plate LXXIII, Figs Atlantic (Pl. LXIX, Figs 407-408). These 429-434; Plate LXXIV, Figs 435-440; Plate specimens were juvenile and they were mixed LXXV, Figs 441-446; Plate LXXVI, Figs 447-452; with representatives of I. simpsoni with the same Plate LXXVII, Figs 453-454 & 457 length (between 5-10 mm) (Pl. LXIX, Figs 409- 410). They were readily recognized through the = Arca glycymeris Linnaeus, 1758 typical rectangular outline, the thick brown = ? Arca nummaria Linnaeus, 1758 internal ligament not exceeding the outer border = Glycymeris orbicularis da Costa, 1778 of the shell, the markedly anterior position of the = Pectunculus marmoratus Lamarck, 1819 umbo and the height which is about half of the = Arca minima Turton, 1819 [non Schröter, 1802] length (in our specimens the H/L ratio is about = Pectunculus dautzenbergii de Gregorio, 1892 0.55). Juvenile specimens of I. cylindricus have the dorsal margin nearly parallel with the ventral Range: It is distributed from Norway and the margin. Baltic Sea south to the British Isles (Pl. LXXIII, Figs 431-434), Normandy and Brittany (France) On Pl. LXXI, Figs 421-422 we show an where it is abundant (Pl. LXXIV, Figs 435-440; unidentified shell, maybe a specimen of Idas Pl. LXXV, Figs 441-446; Pl. LXXVI, Figs 447- ghisottii Warén & Carrozza, 1990, another 452; Pl. LXXVII, Figs 453-454), the Bay of Biscay representative of ‘typically Mediterranean’ Idas- (Pl. LXXII, Figs 423-428), the Atlantic Coast of species or possibly an Adipicola sp., knowing Morocco, the Mediterranean Sea (Pl. LXXIII, Figs that the genera Idas and Adipicola are very 429-430) and even from Madeira and the Canary close. This sublittoral shell was collected by Islands. Belgian fishermen in the Celtic Sea, off SW England, UK. It could be the first report of Idas It lives on sand, mud and gravel bottoms from ghisottii in E Atlantic waters which would mean a offshore down to about 75 m. In literature it is very important range extension beyond the also reported from 1200 m. Mediterranean Sea. I. ghisottii has a shorter and finer ligamental area than I. cylindricus. The anterior outline is also very different. I. ghisottii is Neptunea, vol.10, n°1 1 April 2011 2 Specimens from the Mediterranean can be and they become brownish inside. Nearly the confused with Glycymeris pilosa (Linnaeus, same remarks can be made about G. pilosa, 1767) (Pl. LXXVII, Figs 455-456 & 458). except that it is darker coloured both interiorly Most authors consider both as the same species and exteriorly. and merely regard the latter as a synonym, a - According to Huber (2010) true G. pilosa should subspecies or a form of Glycymeris glycymeris. possess an almost prosodetic ligament (entirely This is particularly due to the high degree of on the anterior side of the umbones). In fact this variability in this species, which inspired some is rarely so, except in some juvenile specimens. authors to create different names for the many The prosodetic condition of the ligament forms, e.g. Pectunculus glycymeris var. bavayi disappears by age. We are not convinced this Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1891; P. proves a reliable characteristic. However, G. pilosus var. neapolitana B.D.D., 1891; P. glycymeris has a central umbo and a more glycymeris var. obscura B.D.D., 1891; P. pilosus equilateral shell. var. subtruncata B.D.D., 1891; P. pilosus var. - The most distinctive characteristic seems to be tumida B.D.D., 1891; P. pilosus var. the structure of the periostracum: G. pilosa has a costatiuscula de Gregorio, 1892; P. pilosus var. thicker velvet coating with series of longer protumida Monterosato, 1892; P. pilosus var. (sometimes curled or hooked) hairs (Pl. subtransversa de Gregorio, 1892; P. glycymeris LXXVII, Fig. 458), whereas G. glycymeris has a var. typica Monterosato, 1892; P. glycymeris var. periostracum densely crowded with short lineolata Dautzenberg, 1893; P. glycymeris var. hairs (Pl. LXXVII, Fig. 457). B.D.D. (1891) zigzag Dautzenberg, 1893. remarked that the valves of G. pilosa are still Although it is beyond the purpose of this paper to covered with a smooth light brown epidermis as comment the identity of G. glycymeris and G. soon as the periostracum is removed. pilosa, we hereby briefly mention the main differences between both species: After all, we can conclude that the differences - G. pilosa is restricted to the Mediterranean, between both species are rather minor and not whereas G. glycymeris is mainly an East Atlantic well defined. It is clear that an intensive study at species, which is occasionally found in the the DNA and molecular level of these two (?) Mediterranean Sea. enigmatic species will be needed in the future.
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