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Evaluate, Ornamental Palm, Edible Fruit, Rhizomatous, Mammal Family: Arecaceae Taxon: Allagoptera arenaria Synonym: Cocos arenaria Gomes (basionym) Common Name: seashore palm coco da praia Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: EVALUATE Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 2 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n Print Date: 12/31/2012 Allagoptera arenaria (Arecaceae) Page 1 of 8 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, >3 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 y 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: EVALUATE WRA Score 2 Print Date: 12/31/2012 Allagoptera arenaria (Arecaceae) Page 2 of 8 Supporting Data: 101 1996. Moraes R., M.. Allagoptera (Palmae). Flora [Is the species highly domesticated? No evidence] Neotropica. 73: 1-34. 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 1996. Moraes R., M.. Allagoptera (Palmae). Flora [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Distribution and Neotropica. 73: 1-34. Ecology. Heliophilous, dominant in restinga and low coastal dunes of eastern Brazil, in Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, and Espirito Santo" 202 1996. Moraes R., M.. Allagoptera (Palmae). Flora [Quality of climate match data 2-High] Neotropica. 73: 1-34. 203 1996. Moraes R., M.. Allagoptera (Palmae). Flora [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Heliophilous, dominant Neotropica. 73: 1-34. in restinga and low coastal dunes of eastern Brazil, in Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, and Espirito Santo (Fig. 9). It occurs on white sandy soils from sea level to 100 m." [Natural distribution suggests limited climate suitability] 204 1996. Moraes R., M.. Allagoptera (Palmae). Flora [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] Neotropica. 73: 1-34. "Distribution and Ecology. Heliophilous, dominant in restinga and low coastal dunes of eastern Brazil, in Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, and Espirito Santo" 205 1996. Moraes R., M.. Allagoptera (Palmae). Flora [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Neotropica. 73: 1-34. range?] "Allagoptera arenaria and A. leucocalyx are widely cultivated as ornamental plants and can be found in such botanic gardens as those at Kew, Amsterdam, Hyeres, Hawaii, and Rio de Janeiro (Hooker, 1855; Kerchove, 1878; Smit, 1980; Baker, 1980; Fernandes, 1984)." 205 2007. Randall, R.P.. The introduced flora of [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Australia and its weed status. CRC for Australian range? Australia] Weed Management, Glen Osmond, Australia 205 2008. Environmental Horticulture Program. Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Cultivated Plants of Palm Beach County. Palm range? Florida] "A tough species adapted to seaside living, they require sun and Beach Community College, Palm Beach, FL well drained soil (JON, RI2), and flourish by the sea, even on beach conditions." http://floridagrasses.org/Manual%20MergedPDF.p df 205 2012. Floridata. Allagoptera arenaria. [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural http://www.floridata.com/ref/a/alla_are.cfm range?] "Seashore palm is widely cultivated as an ornamental throughout South [Accessed 31 Dec 2012] America." 301 2007. Randall, R.P.. The introduced flora of [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence in Australia] Australia and its weed status. CRC for Australian Weed Management, Glen Osmond, Australia 301 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 302 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 303 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 304 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 305 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Congeneric weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia Print Date: 12/31/2012 Allagoptera arenaria (Arecaceae) Page 3 of 8 401 1996. Moraes R., M.. Allagoptera (Palmae). Flora [Produces spines, thorns or burrs? No] "Plant 1.5-2 m tall, stem to 1.5 m long, 10 Neotropica. 73: 1-34. cm diam., subterranean, rhizomatose. Leaves 6 10; sheath not tubular, fibrous; petiole 45-60 cm long, ca. 1 cm diam., covered with woolly indumentum mostly on basal portion; rachis 50-55 cm long, smooth and glabrous or with scarce white glands or with woolly hairs; pinnae 35-53 per side, broad and long lanceolate, with acute tips, regularly inserted in groups of (1-)2-3(-4), 2-3 cm apart, inserted to rachis and spreading at different angles, glabrous at base or with ramenta to 3 mm long, the transverse veinlets evident adaxially, lemon-green and lustrous waxy adaxially, brown-glaucous and waxy abaxially, obtuse apex asymmetrically split for 0.3-0.5 cm, with midrib prominent adaxially and depressed abaxially; basal pinnae 25-35 x 0.8-1.1 cm; middle pinnae 20 45 x 1.1-2 cm; apical pinnae 6-24 x 0.1-0.6 cm." 402 2000. Menezes, L.F.T./Araujo, D.S.D.. Variação [Allelopathic? No evidence] "A. arenaria growth is closely related to the da biomassa aérea de Allagoptera arenaria topography of the beach area. Dense populations of this palm enrich the soil by (Gomes) O. Kuntze (Arecaceae) em uma increasing organic matter under the plants through dead leaf material. This comunidade arbustiva de Palmae na restinga de promotes the accumulation of nutrients and the creation of microclimates that Marambaia, RJ. Revista Brasileira de Biologia. favor the establishment of other species." 60(1): 147-157. 402 2003. Cirne, P./Zaluar, H.L.T./Scarano, F.R.. [Allelopathic? No evidence. Other plants are able to establish in understory] Plant diversity, interspecific associations and "Despite the higher species richness and diversity beneath the canopy of postfire resprouting on a sandy spit in a Brazilian Allagoptera arenaria compared to the two legumes, many individuals of the palm coastal plain. Ecotropica. 9: 33–38. were found alone. Thus, its occurrence does not necessarily precede the occurrence of other plants at this early successional phase on the spit.
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