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+1. Introduction 2. Cyrillic Letter Rumanian Yn
MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM +1. INTRODUCTION These are comments to "Additional Cyrillic Characters In Unicode: A Preliminary Proposal". I'm examining each section of that document, as well as adding some extra notes (marked "+" in titles). Below I use standard Russian Cyrillic characters; please be sure that you have appropriate fonts installed. If everything is OK, the following two lines must look similarly (encoding CP-1251): (sample Cyrillic letters) АабВЕеЗКкМНОопРрСсТуХхЧЬ (Latin letters and digits) Aa6BEe3KkMHOonPpCcTyXx4b 2. CYRILLIC LETTER RUMANIAN YN In the late Cyrillic semi-uncial Rumanian/Moldavian editions, the shape of YN was very similar to inverted PSI, see the following sample from the Ноул Тестамент (New Testament) of 1818, Neamt/Нямец, folio 542 v.: file:///Users/everson/Documents/Eudora%20Folder/Attachments%20Folder/Addons/MAIN.HTM Page 1 of 28 MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM Here you can see YN and PSI in both upper- and lowercase forms. Note that the upper part of YN is not a sharp arrowhead, but something horizontally cut even with kind of serif (in the uppercase form). Thus, the shape of the letter in modern-style fonts (like Times or Arial) may look somewhat similar to Cyrillic "Л"/"л" with the central vertical stem looking like in lowercase "ф" drawn from the middle of upper horizontal line downwards, with regular serif at the bottom (horizontal, not slanted): Compare also with the proposed shape of PSI (Section 36). 3. CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED A file:///Users/everson/Documents/Eudora%20Folder/Attachments%20Folder/Addons/MAIN.HTM Page 2 of 28 MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM I support the idea that "IA" must be separated from "Я". -
2019 Key Stage 2 English Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling
2019 national curriculum tests Key stage 2 English grammar, punctuation and spelling Paper 1: questions First name Middle name Last name Date of birth Day Month Year School name DfE number H00030A0132 [BLANK PAGE] Please do not write on this page. Page 2 of 32 H00030A0232 Instructions Questions and answers There are different types of question for you to answer in different ways. The space for your answer shows you what type of answer is needed. Write your answer in the space provided. Do not write over any barcodes. Multiple-choice answers For some questions, you do not need to do any writing. Read the instructions carefully so that you know how to answer each question. Short answers Some questions are followed by a line or a box. This shows that you need to write a word, a few words or a sentence. Marks The number under each line at the side of the page tells you the number of marks available for each question. You should work through the booklet until you are asked to stop. Work as quickly and as carefully as you can. If you finish before the end, go back and check your work. You have 45 minutes to answer the questions in this booklet. H00030A0332 Page 3 of 32 G004559 – 4 October 2018 10:40 AM – Version 5 1 Tick the sentence that must end with a question mark. Tick one. The teacher asked them what they were doing I wonder what time the next train arrives Did she play tennis on your team last year He asked if he could use my pen 1 mark G002877 – 4 October 2018 10:36 AM – Version 1 2 Draw a line to match each word to the correct suffix. -
New Ten Varieties and Five Subspecies of Crocus Baalbekensis K. Addam & M
MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences Research Article Open Access New ten varieties and five subspecies of Crocus baalbekensis K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan (Iridaceae) endemic to Lebanon added to the Lebanese flora Abstract Volume 4 Issue 6 - 2019 Fifteen new world record Crocus baalbekensis var. decorus, fluctus, flavo-album, 1 2 makniensis, youninensis, rasbaalbekensis, rihaensis, shaathensis, shlifensis, tnaiyetensis, Khodr Addam, Mounir Bou-Hamdan, Jihad subsp. ahlansis, anthopotamus, fakihansis, harbatansis, and rassomensis, joined the Takkoush,3 Kamal Hout4 Lebanese flora and particularly the Iridaceae family. They were found in Baalbek-Hermel 1Head, Integrative and Environmental Research Center, AUL from North Baalbek to Hermel. All of them display C. Baalbekensis but vary in many Beirut, Lebanon 2 taxonomic details. The validation for the existence of these new Varieties and Subspecies Integrative Research and Environmental Center, AUL Beirut, were verified by illustrated morphologic descriptions and observations were based on fresh Lebanon 3 materials. More than twenty years of fieldwork and three years of observation, phenology, Business Research Center, AUL Beirut, Lebanon 4Department of PG Studies & Scientific Research, Global and exploration of a host of locations, numerous quantities were found varying mostly from University Beirut, Lebanon ten to more of the new species. Voucher specimens of the plants (Holotypes) were deposited in K. Addam’s Herbarium at Arts, Sciences and Technology University in Lebanon. Correspondence: Dr. Khodr H Addam, Head, Integrative and The goal of this study was to display a comparative account on the anatomical and ecological Environmental Research Center, AUL, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel 03- characters of the 10 varieties and 5 subspecies of Crocus baalbekensis taxa as well as 204930, Email highlight the taxonomical importance of their corm, corm tunic, leaves, measurements, and Received: November 19, 2019 | Published: December 05, comparisons of other structural anatomical differences and similarities. -
Avar Romanization Handwriting
Checked for validity and accuracy – June 2019 ROMANIZATION OF AVAR BGN/PCGN 2011 System The BGN/PCGN system for Avar is designed for use in romanizing names written in the Avar Cyrillic alphabet. Avar is a consonant-rich north-eastern Caucasian language, spoken principally in Russia’s republic of Dagestan. It has been written in a modified Cyrillic script since 1938 and, as other Caucasian languages, features glottalised consonants, and though these are not marked with a uniform marker in Avar Cyrillic, an apostrophe denotes the glottalised form of consonants in this romanization table. Avar italics/ Avar Romanization handwriting 1. A а А а a 2. Б б Б б b 3. В в В в w 4. Г г Г г g 5. Гъ гъ Гъ гъ gh 6. Гь гь Гь гь h 7. ГӀ гӀ ГӀ гӀ ġ 8. Д д Д д d 9. Е е Е е e, yeNote 1 10. Ё ё Ё ё ë 11. Ж ж Ж ж zh 12. З з З з z 13. И и И и i 14. Й й Й й y 15. К к К к k 16. Къ къ Къ къ q’ 1 Avar italics/ Avar Romanization handwriting 17. Кь кь Кь кь tl’ 18. КӀ кӀ КӀ кӀ k’ 19. Л л Л л l 20. Лъ лъ Лъ лъ lh 21. ЛӀ лӀ ЛӀ лӀ tl 22. М м М м m 23. Н н Н н n 24. О о О о o 25. П п П п p 26. Р р Р р r 27. -
New Contributions to the Molecular Systematics and the Evolution of Host-Plant Associations in the Genus Chrysolina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 547: 165–192 New(2015) contributions to the molecular systematics and the evolution... 165 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.547.6018 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research New contributions to the molecular systematics and the evolution of host-plant associations in the genus Chrysolina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae) José A. Jurado-Rivera1, Eduard Petitpierre1,2 1 Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain 2 Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, CSIC, Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain Corresponding author: José A. Jurado-Rivera ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Schmitt | Received 15 April 2015 | Accepted 31 August 2015 | Published 17 December 2015 http://zoobank.org/AF13498F-BF42-4609-AA96-9760490C3BB5 Citation: Jurado-Rivera JA, Petitpierre E (2015) New contributions to the molecular systematics and the evolution of host-plant associations in the genus Chrysolina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae). In: Jolivet P, Santiago-Blay J, Schmitt M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 5. ZooKeys 547: 165–192. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.547.6018 Abstract The taxonomic circumscription of the large and diverse leaf beetle genusChrysolina Motschulsky is not clear, and its discrimination from the closely related genus Oreina Chevrolat has classically been controver- sial. In addition, the subgeneric arrangement of the species is unstable, and proposals segregating Chryso- lina species into new genera have been recently suggested. In this context, the availability of a phylogenetic framework would provide the basis for a stable taxonomic system, but the existing phylogenies are based on few taxa and have low resolution. -
Publikationsliste Hannes F. Paulus (1999-2011) (Ausgewählte Arbeiten)
Publikationsliste Hannes F. Paulus (1999-2011) (ausgewählte Arbeiten) 2011 HIRTH M & PAULUS HF (2011) Ophrys samiotissa, eine neue Art der O. oestrifera- holosericea-Gruppe aus Samos (Orchidaceae). - J. Eur. Orch. 43 (4) : 863-873 PAULUS HF (2011) Attack or copulate ? Ambivalente behaviour of Xylocopa males against the sexual deceptive orchid Ophrys grigoriana in Crete. Attackieren oder Kopulieren? (Orchidaceae und Insecta, Apoidea). - J.Eur.Orch. 43 (1): 501-528 PAULUS HF & HIRTH M (2011) Die Grabwespe Argogorytes fargeii als Bestäuber von Ophrys regis-ferdinandii (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Crabronidae und Orchidaceae) – Untersuchungen in Rhodos, Chios und Samos. - J.Eur.Orch. 43 (2): 227-239 PAULUS HF (2011) Bienen und Pollen. - Natur & Land 97 (2): 10-15. PAULUS HF & HIRTH M (2011) Ophrys heterochila, Ophrys dodekanensis, Ophrys minutula, Ophrys oreas - Versuch einer Neubewertung. - J. Eur. Orch. 43 (3) : 651-679 PAULUS HF (2011) Zur Bestäubungsbiologie einiger Ophrys-Arten in Nordthessalien mit Beschreibung von Ophrys olympiotissa aus der Ophrys argolica – ferrum-equinum-Gruppe (Orchidaceae und Insecta, Apoidea). - J. Eur. Orch. 43 (3) : 498-526 SCHLÜTER PM, RUAS PM, KOHL G, RUAS CF, STUESSY TF & PAULUS HF (2011)Evidence for progenitor–derivative speciation in sexually deceptive orchids. – Annals of Botany 108 (5): 895-906 VEREECKEN NJ, STREINZER M, AYASSE M, SPAETHE J, PAULUS HF, STÖKL J, CORTIS P & SCHIESTL FP (2011) Integrating past and present studies on Ophrys pollination - a comment to BRADSHAW et al. - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 165: 329-335 2010 PAULUS HF (2010) Bestäubungsbiologie einiger Ophrys-Arten der Süd-Türkei (Prov. Antalya) mit Beschreibung einer weiteren „Käfer-fusca“ Ophrys urteae spec.nov. -
“Dynamic Speciation Processes in the Mediterranean Orchid Genus Ophrys L
“DYNAMIC SPECIATION PROCESSES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN ORCHID GENUS OPHRYS L. (ORCHIDACEAE)” Tesi di Dottorato in Biologia Avanzata, XXIV ciclo (Indirizzo Sistematica Molecolare) Universitá degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Facoltá di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale 1st supervisor: Prof. Salvatore Cozzolino 2nd supervisor: Prof. Serena Aceto PhD student: Dott. Hendrik Breitkopf 1 Cover picture: Pseudo-copulation of a Colletes cunicularius male on a flower of Ophrys exaltata ssp. archipelagi (Marina di Lesina, Italy. H. Breitkopf, 2011). 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: MULTI-LOCUS NUCLEAR GENE PHYLOGENY OF THE SEXUALLY DECEPTIVE ORCHID GENUS OPHRYS L. (ORCHIDACEAE) CHAPTER 2: ANALYSIS OF VARIATION AND SPECIATION IN THE OPHRYS SPHEGODES SPECIES COMPLEX CHAPTER 3: FLORAL ISOLATION IS THE MAIN REPRODUCTIVE BARRIER AMONG CLOSELY RELATED SEXUALLY DECEPTIVE ORCHIDS CHAPTER 4: SPECIATION BY DISTURBANCE: A POPULATION STUDY OF CENTRAL ITALIAN OPHRYS SPHEGODES LINEAGES CONTRIBUTION OF CO-AUTHORS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ORCHIDS With more than 22.000 accepted species in 880 genera (Pridgeon et al. 1999), the family of the Orchidaceae is the largest family of angiosperm plants. Recently discovered fossils document their existence for at least 15 Ma. The last common ancestor of all orchids has been estimated to exist about 80 Ma ago (Ramirez et al. 2007, Gustafsson et al. 2010). Orchids are cosmopolitan, distributed on all continents and a great variety of habitats, ranging from deserts and swamps to arctic regions. Two large groups can be distinguished: Epiphytic and epilithic orchids attach themselves with aerial roots to trees or stones, mostly halfway between the ground and the upper canopy where they absorb water through the velamen of their roots. -
New Localities of Ophrys Insectifera (Orchidaceae) in Bulgaria
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BALKAN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF BIOLOGY IN PLOVDIV (BULGARIA) FROM 19TH TILL 21ST OF MAY 2005 (EDS B. GRUEV, M. NIKOLOVA AND A. DONEV), 2005 (P. 312–320) NEW LOCALITIES OF OPHRYS INSECTIFERA (ORCHIDACEAE) IN BULGARIA Tsvetomir Tsvetanov1,*, Vladimir Vladimirov1, Antoaneta Petrova2 1 - Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria 2 - Botanical Garden, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria * - address for correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Two new localities of Ophrys insectifera (Orchidaceae) has been found in the Buynovo and Trigrad gorges in the Central Rhodope Mountains. The species had been previously known from a single locality in the Golo Bardo Mountain, where only one specimen had been detected recently. Therefore, the species was considered as an extremely rare in the Bulgarian flora and included in the Annex 3 (Protected species) to the national Biodiversity Act. A total of ca. 25 individuals has been found in the two new localities. Assessment of the species against the IUCN Red List Criteria at national level resulted in a national category “Critically endangered” (CR C2a(i)+D), based on the very small number of individuals in the populations, the limited area of occupancy and severely fragmented locations. KEY WORDS: new chorological data, Ophrys, Orchidaceae, critically endangered species, Rhodope Mts INTRODUCTION Ophrys is among the taxonomically most intricate vascular plant genera in the European flora. Following the taxonomic concept of Delforge (1995) it is represented with 5 species in the Bulgarian flora - O. apifera Huds., O. cornuta Steven, O. insectifera L., O. reinholdii H. Fleischm. and O. mammosa Desf. (Assyov & al. -
The Genetic and Cytogenetic Relationships Among Subgenera of Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860 and Oreina Chevrolat, 1837 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)
International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology ISSN: 2639-216X MEDWIN PUBLISHERS Committed to Create Value for Researchers The Genetic and Cytogenetic Relationships among Subgenera of Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860 and Oreina Chevrolat, 1837 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) Petitpierre E* Review Article Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain Volume 4 Issue 3 Received Date: May 03, 2021 Eduard Petitpierre, Department of Biology, University of Balearic *Corresponding author: Published Date: May 28, 2021 Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Email: [email protected] DOI: 10.23880/izab-16000305 Abstract Molecular phylogenetic analyses mainly based on mtDNA and nuDNA sequences and/or, secondarily, on chromosomes and Chrysolina and 19 of its closely related genus Oreina, belonging phylogeneticplant trophic affiliations,trees showed have monophyly been obtained of Chrysolina-Oreina in 84 species of, with four main clades of subgenera with high support values. to 42 of the 70 described subgeneraChrysolinopsis of the former andand toTaeniochrysea all of the seven, and ones the of second the latter. those Bayesian of Chrysomorpha and Maximum, Euchrysolina likelihood, Melasomoptera and Synerga. The third is much large and composed of three subclades of subgenera, Chrysocrosita and ErythrochrysaThe first clade, Colaphosomaincludes subgenera and Maenadochrysa , and Centoptera, Fasta, the subgenera of Oreina and Timarchoptera. These p plants, at the root of the core of Chrysolina subgenerathree main ofclades Oreina enclose most species with 2n=24(Xy ) male chromosomes and an ancientCh. trophic Timarchoptera affiliation) withhaemochlora Lamiaceae, a ♂ . However, a host shift from Lamiaceae to Asteraceae was detected in all but one and another from Lamiaceae to Apiaceae in Oreina s. -
Genetic and Environmental Sources of Variation in the Autogenous Chemical Defense of a Leaf Beetle
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library J Chem Ecol (2007) 33:2011–2024 DOI 10.1007/S10886-007-9351-9 Genetic and Environmental Sources of Variation in the Autogenous Chemical Defense of a Leaf Beetle Y. Triponez & R. E. Naisbit & J. B. Jean-Denis & M. Rahier & N. Alvarez Received: 2 April 2007 /Revised: 26 June 2007 /Accepted: 20 August 2007 / Published online: 21 September 2007 # Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract Chemical defense plays a central role for many herbivorous insects in their interactions with predators and host plants. The leaf beetle genus Oreina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) includes species able to both sequester pyrrolizidine alkaloids and autogenously produce cardenolides. Sequestered compounds are clearly related to patterns of host-plant use, but variation in de novo synthesized cardenolides is less obviously linked to the environment. In this study, intraspecific variation in cardenolide composition was examined by HPLC–MS analysis in 18 populations of Oreina speciosa spanning Europe from the Massif Central to the Balkans. This revealed the defense secretion to be a complex blend of up to 42 compounds per population. There was considerable geographical variation in the total sample of 50 compounds detected, with only 14 found in all sites. The environmental and genetic influences on defense chemistry were investigated by correlation with distance matrices based on habitat factors, host-plant use, and genetics (sequence data from COI, COII, and 16s rRNA). This demonstrated an influence of both genetics and host- plant use on the overall blend of cardenolides and on the presence of some of the individual compounds. -
Ophrys Insectifera L
Ophrys insectifera L. Fly Orchid A slender orchid of woodland edges, calcareous fens and other open habitats, Ophrys insectifera has distinctive flowers that lure pollinators by mimicry and the release of pheromones. Flowers have a velvety, purplish- brown labellum with an iridescent blue patch and a broad terminal lobe with two shining ‘pseudoeyes’, and very narrow petals resembling a pair of antennae. Its British strongholds are in the south and east of England. Elsewhere it is scattered across the Midlands, northern England and southern Ireland, rare in Wales, and absent from Scotland. Substantial declines throughout its range have led to an assessment of Vulnerable in Great Britain. ©Pete Stroh IDENTIFICATION 2011). The (2-5) unspotted elliptic-oblong leaves from which the flowering spike arises have a shiny, bluish-green Ophrys insectifera stems can reach 60 cm in height but are appearance. often difficult to spot amid the surrounding vegetation. Three yellow-green sepals contrast with the much smaller (less than half as long) vertical, slender purplish-brown labellum which SIMILAR SPECIES has a velvety texture (Stace 2010) due to short, fine, downy The distinctive lateral lobes, filiform petals, and slender hairs. appearance of the labellum should readily separate it from The labellum has two narrow side lobes spreading outwards other Ophrys species. In rare instances, individuals of O. and a broad terminal lobe which is notched at the tip and has insectifera lack normal pigmentation (e.g. white sepals; two shining ‘pseudoeyes’ (Harrap & Harrap 2009). Flowers greenish-yellow patterning on the labellum). Natural also have a distinctive iridescent blue patch on the speculum, hybridization between O. -
Orchid Observers
Phenology of UK Plants Orchids and Zooniverse Mark Spencer & Kath Castillo Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum Agrimonia eupatoria Robbirt & al. 2011 and UK specimens of Ophrys sphegodes Mill NHM Origins and Evolution Initiative: UK Phenology Project • 20,000 herbarium sheets imaged and transcribed • Volunteer contributed taxonomic revision, morphometric and plant/insect pollinator data compiled • Extension of volunteer work to extract additional phenology data from other UK museums and botanic gardens • 7,000 herbarium sheets curated and mounted • Collaboration with BSBI/Herbaria@Home • Preliminary analyses of orchid phenology underway Robbirt & al. (2011) . Validation of biological collections as a source of phenological data for use in climate change studies: a case study with the orchid Ophrys sphegodes. J. Ecol. Brooks, Self, Toloni & Sparks (2014). Natural history museum collections provide information on phenological change in British butterflies since the late-nineteenth century. Int. J. Biometeorol. Johnson & al. (2011) Climate Change and Biosphere Response: Unlocking the Collections Vault. Bioscience. Specimens of Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R.Br Orchid Observers Phenology of UK Plants Orchids and Zooniverse Mark Spencer & Kath Castillo Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum 56 species of wild orchid in the UK 29 taxa selected for this study Anacamptis morio Anacamptis pyramidalis Cephalanthera damasonium Coeloglossum viride Corallorhiza trifida Dactylorhiza fuchsii Dactylorhiza incarnata Dactylorhiza maculata Dactylorhiza praetermissa Dactylorhiza purpurella Epipactis palustris Goodyera repens Gymnadenia borealis Gymnadenia conopsea Gymnadenia densiflora Hammarbya paludosa Herminium monorchis Neotinea ustulata Neottia cordata Neottia nidus-avis Neottia ovata Ophrys apifera Ophrys insectifera Orchis anthropophora Orchis mascula Platanthera bifolia Platanthera chlorantha Pseudorchis albida Spiranthes spiralis Fly orchid (Ophrys insectifera) Participants: 1.