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Download Download ASSESSING THE LOCAL COMMUNITY READINESS TO SUNDA STRAIT BRIDGE DEVELOPMENT PLAN (Case Study: Cilegon City) Cucu Hayati STIE Mahardhika Surabaya ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to identify how Sunda Strait Bridge will affect to local community readiness. It also investigated the adaptive capacity of stakeholders related to Sunda Strait Bridge Development Plan. This research was began by collecting quantitative preliminary data as a basis for collecting and interpreting the primary qualitative data. In order to obtain representative responses, this research used purposive sampling technique. The number of respondents of this research were 100 people from different interests who live in Pulomerak Districts, Ciwandan Districts, Grogol Districts and Citangkil Districts. This research’s process divided into three stages, stages of preparation/ pre-field (description about the research and make analogy with related researches), stages of field work (classifying responses and adaptive capacity), and stage of post field work (connecting between theory and finding). It can be concluded that Sunda Strait Bridge is not relevant to be built today because the community is not ready yet. In the other hand, the objective of Sunda Strait Bridge Development Plan would be supported by community readiness and community- personal adaptation, even it could not address the issues of negative impacts. This research gives three kind recommendations to intervention for policy and planning to minimize the residue and local community adaptation strategy. Keyword: Sunda Strait Bridge, community readiness, response and adaptation INTRODUCTION Java, and create employment Indonesian Development have opportunities. This is the strategy of entranced the new stage after President KSN Sunda Strait, which is known that Regulation Number 86 Year 2011 Sumatra Island as region with industry officially announced. This regulation based on energy and natural resources, has became interesting because it will while the Banten Province is known as a connect Sumatera Island and Java light and friendly environment industrial Island, which known as the highest area. density areas in Indonesia by planning Cilegon City is one of the development of Sunda Strait Bridge alternative rute of Sunda Strait Bridge. (Bathoro, 2011). It the macro level, the Alternative Route Sunda Strait Bridge will also 2 (Cilegon-Ketapang) were considered become the first step to realize the to have a higher level of readiness than Sunda Strait National Strategic Areas Alternative Route 1 (Anyer-Ketapang). (KSN) which is one of 22 major The level of public acceptance to the economic activities Acceleration and bridge is high because people in Expansion of Indonesia's Economic Cilegon City are able to see the positive Development Master Plan (MP3EI). The impact that could be generated from the benefits of Sunda Strait Bridge construction of the bridge. Development is to develop a new Until today, the Sunda Strait economic region, accelerating the Bridge project is still under review and development of Sumatra Island, in the feasibility study phase. It is reducing economic centralization in therefore necessary to identify the risks 54 Media Mahardhika Vol. 17 No. 1 September 2018 at each stages of project. Identification comprehensive community development is required for the implementation by effort (Emery & Flora, 2006). stakeholders who will manage the risks This research will collected data in order to minimize the negative to analyze community capitals based on impacts by preparing mitigation plan. five of them, such as: (Karim, 2017). 1. Natural capital: land, water, From those researches, it is forests, marine resources, air indicated that this project is going to be quality, erosion protection, and built soon. So, it is assumed that people biodiversity. need preparation to be adaptable to the 2. Physical capital: transportation, impact might be occurred. It is also roads, buildings, shelter, water indicated that people in study area supply and sanitation, energy, already have adaptation strategy, but it technology, communications, or have not investigated yet in the previous other household assets. researches. By preparing adaptive 3. Financial capital: savings (cash as capacity, communities are enabled to well as liquid assets), credit see what skills they have and kind of (formal and informal), as well as problems identification they know to inflows (state transfers and solve through common action, remittances). supported by other persons, which may 4. Human capital: education, skills, have the capacity to bring these skills knowledge, health, nutrition, and together and enable them further. labor power. The objective of this research is 5. Social capital: networks that identification the response and increase trust, ability to work adaptation of Cilegon’s community to together, access to opportunities, the social and economic changes reciprocity; informal safety nets; perspective. In order to achieve the and membership in organizations objective, two sub-research objectives need to be formulated, namely: Community Readiness and Adaptive a. Identifying Cilegon’s community Capacity response to Sunda Strait Bridge Brooks (2003;8) within Maguire utilization and Cartwright (2008) defined adaptive b. Identifying Cilegon’s community capacity as the ability or capability of a adaptation to Sunda Strait Bridge system to modify or change its utilization characteristics or behavior to cope better with actual or anticipated LITERATURE REVIEW stresses. Adaptation includes actions Impact Assessment of Infrastructure taken to reduce vulnerabilities and to Development increase resilience and adaptive Basically, the development has capacity is the ability to take those a target to raise the level of social actions. welfare. Development activities that Mary Ann Pentz, who headed lead unplanned effects outside the target the Midwest Prevention Project, is called impact (Soemarwoto, 1992). deserves the credit for presenting the Expected changes is how the original concept of Community infrastructure could create better access Readiness. In a paper presented at the and an increase in livelihoods assets. Kentucky Conference for Prevention Emery and Flora suggests consideration Research in 1991, she made it clear of an asset portfolio of seven different that, unless a community was ready, types of assets. Those indicators are initiation of a prevention program was called Community Capitals Framework unlikely, and if a program was started (CCF) and used to analyze a despite the fact that the community was not ready, initiation was likely to lead 55 Media Mahardhika Vol. 17 No. 1 September 2018 only to failure (Edwards, Jumper- changing behaviors so that thurman, Plested, Oetting, & Swanson, harmony with the environment. 2000). 2. Adaptation by reaction, which acts Edwards et al (2000) also against the environment by refusing explained the stage of community or make changes to the physical readiness based on Tri-ethnic Center’s environment in order to increase community readiness theory. Following the individual congruent with their are the stages of community readiness physical environment. and the definitions of those stages 3. Adaptation to the left (adaptation developed at the Tri-Ethnic Center for by withdrawal), which avoiding Prevention Research. action due to environmental 1. No Knowledge Stage - suggests mismatch or incompatibility. This is that the community or the leaders done by allowing the setting or use do not generally recognize the a substitute or move to another issue as a problem. place. In this third concept, it 2. Denial Stage - involves the belief exemplifies an act of migration that there is little or no (moving). recognition that this might be a Furthermore, it explained that local problem but there is usually although the response of the community some recognition by at least some or group of communities to changing members of the community that social, economic, and environmental is the behavior itself is or can be a very diverse, both in the form of support problem. or resistance, but actually the adaptive 3. Vague Awareness Stage - involves capacity of society is strongly influenced recognition of the problem, but no by how large infrastructure provides motivation for action. benefits to them. 4. Preplanning Stage - indicates recognition of a problem and Mitigation agreement that something needs In addition to build planned to be done. adaptive capacity of society, it needs to 5. Preparation Stage - involves prepare some prevention and control active planning. efforts. Fandeli (2011) stated that in 6. Initiation Stage - involves order to prevent and mitigate the impact implementation of a program. caused by the utilization of natural 7. Stabilization Stage - indicates resources or the environment called that one or two programs are mitigation of impact. Mitigation is an operating and are stable. action taken by humans to prevent and 8. Confirmation/expansion Stage - mitigate the impact of the environment. involves recognition of limitations Learned from the study of and attempts to improve existing environmental impact mitigation programs. patterns of port development presented 9. Professionalization Stage - is by Fandeli (2011), then some mitigation marked by sophistication, patterns that could be applied to the training, and effective evaluation development of Sunda Strait Bridge is Berry within Altman, et.al., derived from the public response and (1980) within Cahyani (2013)
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