03 James Levantine_Antiguo Oriente 08/06/2018 04:37 p.m. Página 57 THE LEVANTINE WAR-RECORDS OF RAMESSES III: CHANGING ATTITUDES, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE* PETER JAMES
[email protected] Independent researcher London, United Kingdom Summary: The Levantine War-Records of Ramesses III: Changing Attitudes, Past, Present and Future This paper begins with a historiographic survey of the treatment of Ramesses III’s claimed war campaigns in the Levant. Inevitably this involves questions regarding the so-called “Sea Peoples.”1 There have been extraordinary fluctuations in attitudes towards Ramesses III’s war records over the last century or more—briefly reviewed and assessed here. His lists of Levantine toponyms also pose considerable problems of interpretation. A more systematic approach to their analysis is offered, concentrat- ing on the “Great Asiatic List” from the Medinet Habu temple and its parallels with a list from Ramesses II. A middle way between “minimalist” and “maximalist” views of the extent of Ramesses III’s campaigns is explored. This results in some new iden- tifications which throw light not only on the geography of Ramesses III’s campaigns but also his date. Keywords: Ancient Egypt – Canaan – Late Bronze Age – War Records – Toponymy Resumen: Los registros de la guerra levantina de Ramsés III: Actitudes cam- biantes, pasado, presente y futuro Este artículo comienza con un recorrido historiográfico del tratamiento de las supues- tas campañas bélicas de Ramsés III en el Levante. Inevitablemente esto implica pre- * I would like to dedicate this paper to the memory of the late David Lorton for all his help on Egyptological matters.