Amazigh-State Relations in Morocco and Algeria
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1 Catherine Manhardt BA: International Studies Honors Capstone: General University Honors Spring 2011 Advisor: Patrick Thaddeus
1 Catherine Manhardt BA: International Studies Honors Capstone: General University Honors Spring 2011 Advisor: Patrick Thaddeus Jackson Powerful Beliefs: the role religion in constructing political legitimacy in Morocco Introduction: Enter any store, step into any cafe, or turn on any state-sponsored television channel in Morocco and chances are one will be greeted by the visage of Morocco's young monarch, King Muhammed VI. In some of these photos, the King will cut a dapper figure in an impeccably tailored western suit and clean-shaven face. In others, he will be sporting a serious five o'clock shadow and dressed in a traditional white djellaba, yellow slippers, and a red fez. Superficial as it may seem, in this case the clothes really do say a great deal about the man, and on a more fundamental level, the nature Morocco's political system. "The King, "Amir Al-Muminin"(Commander of the Faithful), shall be the Supreme Representative of the Nation and the Symbol of the unity thereof. He shall be the guarantor of the perpetuation and the continuity of the State 1." These two sentences mark the beginning of Article 19 in Morocco's 1996 Constitution and serve as the introduction to sixteen articles outlining the place of the monarchy in Morocco's political system. This important article, with its dual declaration of the monarch as both King and Commander of the Faithful, makes the clear point that legitimacy in the Moroccan context contains both religious and political dimensions even in this 21st century. This paper seeks to explore the deep link between religious and political legitimacy within the Moroccan monarchy. -
Berber Law by French Means: Customary Courts in the Moroccan Hinterlands, 1930–1956
Comparative Studies in Society and History 2010;52(4):851–880. 0010-4175/10 $15.00 # Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 2010 doi:10.1017/S0010417510000484 Berber Law by French Means: Customary Courts in the Moroccan Hinterlands, 1930–1956 KATHERINE E. HOFFMAN Northwestern University As the French conquered Muslim lands in their nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century quest for empire, they encountered multiple and some- times mixed judicial systems among the native populations. In many places, legal codes were shaped by either fiqh, meaning Islamic law, one component of which is customary law, or by non-Islamic custom, or some combination of the two.1 To administer native justice in French colonies and protectorates, Acknowledgments: Generous funding for this research was provided by a Charles Ryskamp Fel- lowship from the American Council of Learned Societies, a National Endowment for the Huma- nities Faculty Fellowship, a long-term fellowship from the American Institute for Maghrib Studies, a Northwestern University Faculty Research Grant, and an Institute for the Humanities Fel- lowship from the University of Illinois at Chicago. Mohamed Ouakrim, president of the Court of Taroudant Providence, and Ali Achfur, senior secretary at the Judicial Center, Igherm, generously allowed me to work with the original court dockets in Igherm and Taroudant. I wish to thank also Mina Alahyane and Hmad Laamrani for supplemental documentation, commentary, and helpful connections; Hafsa Oubou, Jenny Hall, and Devon Liddell for documentation; and Mohamed Mounib for provocative commentary on French Protectorate Berber policy. I am grateful to the fellows at the Camargo Foundation in Spring 2007, to archivist Anne-Sophie Cras at the Ministère des Affaires Etrangères archives in Nantes (CADN), and to Greta Austin, Joshua Cole, Clark Lom- bardi, and anonymous CSSH reviewers for comments and perspective. -
A R a B I a N S
LEBANON SYRIA ISRAEL/Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) EGYPT JORDAN IRAQ KUWAIT IRAN SAUDI ARABIA BAHRAIN QATAR U.A.E . OMAN YEMEN ARABIAN SEA Middle East and North Africa Preti Taneja n 2010, religious and ethnic minorities across Right: A woman cries over a coffin during the the Middle East and North Africa remained funeral for two Christian brothers killed in Mosul, I disproportionately affected by ongoing con- November 2010. Khalid al-Mousuly/Reuters. flict, political turmoil and state-sanctioned repres- sion of their rights. country widely regarded as one of the most stable Though Iraqi parliamentary elections were held in the region. In November 2009, King Abdullah in March 2010, the government was not formed II dissolved a parliament that had only served until November. In this political vacuum, which two years of its four-year term. Elections were also saw the end of US combat operations in the due to follow swiftly, but were postponed for the country, violence against minority groups escalated. drafting of a new electoral law, and the country In February, attacks in Mosul over ten days left reverted to direct royal rule for a year-long period. eight Christians dead, according to Human Rights Despite protests that the new electoral law further Watch (HRW). In October, militants laid siege to marginalizes the country’s Palestinian population, Our Lady of Salvation Syriac Catholic Church in elections were finally held in November 2010, Baghdad, taking over 100 people hostage. Numbers but were boycotted by the country’s main Islamist of reported casualties vary. Amnesty International opposition group. -
Co-Opting Identity: the Manipulation of Berberism, the Frustration of Democratisation, and the Generation of Violence in Algeria Hugh Roberts DESTIN, LSE
1 crisis states programme development research centre www Working Paper no.7 CO-OPTING IDENTITY: THE MANIPULATION OF BERBERISM, THE FRUSTRATION OF DEMOCRATISATION AND THE GENERATION OF VIOLENCE IN LGERIA A Hugh Roberts Development Research Centre LSE December 2001 Copyright © Hugh Roberts, 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce any part of this Working Paper should be sent to: The Editor, Crisis States Programme, Development Research Centre, DESTIN, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE. Crisis States Programme Working papers series no.1 English version: Spanish version: ISSN 1740-5807 (print) ISSN 1740-5823 (print) ISSN 1740-5815 (on-line) ISSN 1740-5831 (on-line) 1 Crisis States Programme Co-opting Identity: The manipulation of Berberism, the frustration of democratisation, and the generation of violence in Algeria Hugh Roberts DESTIN, LSE Acknowledgements This working paper is a revised and extended version of a paper originally entitled ‘Much Ado about Identity: the political manipulation of Berberism and the crisis of the Algerian state, 1980-1992’ presented to a seminar on Cultural Identity and Politics organized by the Department of Political Science and the Institute for International Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, in April 1996. Subsequent versions of the paper were presented to a conference on North Africa at Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, under the title 'Berber politics and Berberist ideology in Algeria', in April 1998 and to a staff seminar of the Government Department at the London School of Economics, under the title ‘Co-opting identity: the political manipulation of Berberism and the frustration of democratisation in Algeria’, in February 2000. -
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Nisan / The Levantine Review Volume 4 Number 2 (Winter 2015) Identity and Peoples in History Speculating on Ancient Mediterranean Mysteries Mordechai Nisan* We are familiar with a philo-Semitic disposition characterizing a number of communities, including Phoenicians/Lebanese, Kabyles/Berbers, and Ismailis/Druze, raising the question of a historical foundation binding them all together. The ethnic threads began in the Galilee and Mount Lebanon and later conceivably wound themselves back there in the persona of Al-Muwahiddun [Unitarian] Druze. While DNA testing is a fascinating methodology to verify the similarity or identity of a shared gene pool among ostensibly disparate peoples, we will primarily pursue our inquiry using conventional historical materials, without however—at the end—avoiding the clues offered by modern science. Our thesis seeks to substantiate an intuition, a reading of the contours of tales emanating from the eastern Mediterranean basin, the Levantine area, to Africa and Egypt, and returning to Israel and Lebanon. The story unfolds with ancient biblical tribes of Israel in the north of their country mixing with, or becoming Lebanese Phoenicians, travelling to North Africa—Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya in particular— assimilating among Kabyle Berbers, later fusing with Shi’a Ismailis in the Maghreb, who would then migrate to Egypt, and during the Fatimid period evolve as the Druze. The latter would later flee Egypt and return to Lebanon—the place where their (biological) ancestors had once dwelt. The original core group was composed of Hebrews/Jews, toward whom various communities evince affinity and identity today with the Jewish people and the state of Israel. -
Representing the Algerian Civil War: Literature, History, and the State
Representing the Algerian Civil War: Literature, History, and the State By Neil Grant Landers A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in French in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Debarati Sanyal, Co-Chair Professor Soraya Tlatli, Co-Chair Professor Karl Britto Professor Stefania Pandolfo Fall 2013 1 Abstract of the Dissertation Representing the Algerian Civil War: Literature, History, and the State by Neil Grant Landers Doctor of Philosophy in French Literature University of California, Berkeley Professor Debarati Sanyal, Co-Chair Professor Soraya Tlatli, Co-Chair Representing the Algerian Civil War: Literature, History, and the State addresses the way the Algerian civil war has been portrayed in 1990s novelistic literature. In the words of one literary critic, "The Algerian war has been, in a sense, one big murder mystery."1 This may be true, but literary accounts portray the "mystery" of the civil war—and propose to solve it—in sharply divergent ways. The primary aim of this study is to examine how three of the most celebrated 1990s novels depict—organize, analyze, interpret, and "solve"—the civil war. I analyze and interpret these novels—by Assia Djebar, Yasmina Khadra, and Boualem Sansal—through a deep contextualization, both in terms of Algerian history and in the novels' contemporary setting. This is particularly important in this case, since the civil war is so contested, and is poorly understood. Using the novels' thematic content as a cue for deeper understanding, I engage through them and with them a number of elements crucial to understanding the civil war: Algeria's troubled nationalist legacy; its stagnant one-party regime; a fear, distrust, and poor understanding of the Islamist movement and the insurgency that erupted in 1992; and the unending, horrifically bloody violence that piled on throughout the 1990s. -
A Bibliography of Berber Language Materials Kyra Jucovy and John
A Bibliography of Berber Language Materials Kyra Jucovy and John Alderete Swarthmore College, June 2001 (updated August 2006) This bibliography is intended as a resource for research on Berber languages. The references below are primarily devoted to linguistic research on Berber languages, but the bibliography may be of use to those interested in Berber literature, poetry, and music. This bibliography was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (BCS-0104604). Abdel Massih, Ernest T. 1969. Tamazight Verb Structure: A Generative Approach. Dissertation Abstracts International: Pt. A, 0419-4209; Pt.B, 0419-4217; Pt. C, 0307-6075. PubLg: English. Cat: Berber language, tamazight, morphology. Abel, Hans. 1913. Ein Erzahlung im Dialekt von Ermenne. Abh. Kais. Sach. Akad. Wissensch., vol. 29. Leipzig. PubLg: German. Cat: texts, Nubian, historical linguistics, comparative linguistics. Abercromby, John A. 1917. The language of the Canary Islanders. Harvard African Studies 1: 95-129. PubLg: English. Cat: Berber language, canary islands. Abes, M. 1916. Premiere annee de berbere. Rabat. PubLg: French. Cat: Textbook, Morocco, grammar, sample texts, glossary. Abes, M. 1917, 1919. Les Ait Ndhir. Les Archives berberes, vol. 2, vol. 3. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, Ait Ndhir, Morocco, Tamazight. Abes, M. 1919. Chansons d’amour chez les Berberes. France-Maroc. PubLg: French. Cat: songs. Ahmad ibn Khauwas. 1881a. Dialogues francais-kabyles. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Kabyle. Ahmad ibn Khauwas. 1881b. Notions succinctes de grammaire kabyle. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: grammar, Kabyle. Aikhenvald, Aleksandra Yu. 1986. On the Reconstruction of Syntactic System in Berber Lybic. Zeitschrift fur Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikationsforschung 39:5: 527-539. PubLg: English. -
Frantz Fanon: the Brightness of Metal
FRANTZ FANON: THE BRIGHTNESS OF METAL Dossier no 26 Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research March 2020 Cover photograph | Frantz Fanon walking up a ship gangway. To Fanon’s right is Rheda Malek, a journalist from the Algerian National Liberation Front’s newspaper, El Moudjahid. Frantz Fanon Archives / IMEC FRANTZ FANON: THE BRIGHTNESS OF METAL Dossier no 26 | Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research March 2020 Dossier no 26 French colonial map of Martinique from the Covens & Mortier’s Atlas Nouveau, 1942. Geographicus Rare Antique Maps / Wikimedia Commons On this earth there is that which deserves life. – Mahmoud Darwish Frantz Fanon was born on the Caribbean island of Martinique on 25 July 1925. He died in the United States, from leukaemia, on 6 December 1961. He was thirty-six years old. At thirty-six he had been a protagonist in two wars, a political militant in the Caribbean, Europe and North Africa, a playwright, a practicing psychiatrist, the author of numerous articles in scientific journals, a teacher, a diplomat, a journalist, the editor of an anti-colonial newspaper, the author of three books, and a major Pan-Africanist and internationalist. Like Ernesto “Che” Guevara – another revolutionary who valued the poetic and was a committed internationalist, doctor, soldier, teacher, and theorist – Fanon’s life was marked by a permanent, courageous, and militant motion into the present, and into the specificity of the situations in which he found himself. Fanon’s thought carries, in Ato Sekyi-Otu’s memorable phrase, an ‘irrepressible … openness to the universal’. In the realm of the political, as in the poetic, the truest route into the universal has always been through an intense engagement with the particular in its concrete manifestations in space and time: this piece of land occupied in the interstices of this city, these women rebuilding in the ruins of the last attack, the plastic burning in this brazier as the night wears on, these men stepping out of the shadows with these guns. -
Volume 7: Shaping Global Islamic Discourses : the Role of Al-Azhar, Al-Medina and Al-Mustafa Masooda Bano Editor
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eCommons@AKU eCommons@AKU Exploring Muslim Contexts ISMC Series 3-2015 Volume 7: Shaping Global Islamic Discourses : The Role of al-Azhar, al-Medina and al-Mustafa Masooda Bano Editor Keiko Sakurai Editor Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/uk_ismc_series_emc Recommended Citation Bano, M. , Sakurai, K. (Eds.). (2015). Volume 7: Shaping Global Islamic Discourses : The Role of al-Azhar, al-Medina and al-Mustafa Vol. 7, p. 242. Available at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/uk_ismc_series_emc/9 Shaping Global Islamic Discourses Exploring Muslim Contexts Series Editor: Farouk Topan Books in the series include Development Models in Muslim Contexts: Chinese, “Islamic” and Neo-liberal Alternatives Edited by Robert Springborg The Challenge of Pluralism: Paradigms from Muslim Contexts Edited by Abdou Filali-Ansary and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed Ethnographies of Islam: Ritual Performances and Everyday Practices Edited by Badouin Dupret, Thomas Pierret, Paulo Pinto and Kathryn Spellman-Poots Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts: Perspectives from the Past Edited by Derryl MacLean and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed Genealogy and Knowledge in Muslim Societies: Understanding the Past Edited by Sarah Bowen Savant and Helena de Felipe Contemporary Islamic Law in Indonesia: Shariah and Legal Pluralism Arskal Salim Shaping Global Islamic Discourses: The Role of al-Azhar, al-Medina and al-Mustafa Edited by Masooda Bano and Keiko Sakurai www.euppublishing.com/series/ecmc -
Where Life Is Seized Adam Shatz
This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse this site you are agreeing to our use of cookies.× (More Information) Back to article page Where Life Is Seized Adam Shatz Écrits sur l’aliénation et la liberté by Frantz Fanon, edited by Robert Young and Jean Khalfa La Découverte, 688 pp, £22.00, October 2015, ISBN 978 2 7071 8638 6 Author of the anti-racist jeremiad Black Skin, White Masks; spokesman for the Algerian Revolution and author of The Wretched of the Earth, the ‘bible’ of decolonisation; inspiration to Third World revolutionaries from the refugee camps of Palestine to the back streets of Tehran and Beirut, Harlem and Oakland; founder, avant la lettre, of post-colonialism; hero to the alienated banlieusards of France, who feel as if the Battle of Algiers never ended, but simply moved to the cités: Frantz Fanon has been remembered in a lot of ways, but almost all of them have foregrounded his advocacy of resistance, especially violent resistance. Fanon speaking in Accra in 1958 Fanon was not a pacifist, but the emphasis on his belief in violence – or ‘terrorism’, as his adversaries would say – has obscured the radical humanism that lies at the heart of his work. In her 1970 study, On Violence, addressed in part to Fanon’s student admirers, Hannah Arendt pointed out that both his followers and his detractors seemed to have read only the first chapter – also entitled ‘On Violence’ – of The Wretched of the Earth. There Fanon described how violence could serve as a ‘cleansing force’ for the colonised, liberating them not only from their colonial masters, but from their inferiority complex. -
Corel Ventura
Anthropology / Middle East / World Music Goodman BERBER “Sure to interest a number of different audiences, BERBER from language and music scholars to specialists on North Africa. [A] superb book, clearly written, CULTURE analytically incisive, about very important issues that have not been described elsewhere.” ON THE —John Bowen, Washington University CULTURE WORLD STAGE In this nuanced study of the performance of cultural identity, Jane E. Goodman travels from contemporary Kabyle Berber communities in Algeria and France to the colonial archives, identifying the products, performances, and media through which Berber identity has developed. ON In the 1990s, with a major Islamist insurgency underway in Algeria, Berber cultural associations created performance forms that challenged THE Islamist premises while critiquing their own village practices. Goodman describes the phenomenon of new Kabyle song, a form of world music that transformed village songs for global audiences. WORLD She follows new songs as they move from their producers to the copyright agency to the Parisian stage, highlighting the networks of circulation and exchange through which Berbers have achieved From Village global visibility. to Video STAGE JANE E. GOODMAN is Associate Professor of Communication and Culture at Indiana University. While training to become a cultural anthropologist, she performed with the women’s world music group Libana. Cover photographs: Yamina Djouadou, Algeria, 1993, by Jane E. Goodman. Textile photograph by Michael Cavanagh. The textile is from a Berber women’s fuda, or outer-skirt. Jane E. Goodman http://iupress.indiana.edu 1-800-842-6796 INDIANA Berber Culture on the World Stage JANE E. GOODMAN Berber Culture on the World Stage From Village to Video indiana university press Bloomington and Indianapolis This book is a publication of Indiana University Press 601 North Morton Street Bloomington, IN 47404-3797 USA http://iupress.indiana.edu Telephone orders 800-842-6796 Fax orders 812-855-7931 Orders by e-mail [email protected] © 2005 by Jane E. -
Appendix: the Use of Symbolic Notation in Descriptive Logic
Appendix: The Use of Symbolic Notation in Descriptive Logic One well-known introductory textbook on normative logic happens to use, as an example, certain propositions from Patristic theology,1 with the implication that Christians would do well to accept the correct- ness of the comparatively little remembered Patripassian heresy. In this case, the point can be adequately stated using the ordinary notation employed in normative predicate logic:2 PATRIPASSIANISM Px. x is God. Qx. x suffered and died on the Cross. a. the Father. b. the Son. 1. ∃∀xyPy() ↔ x = y 2. Pa 3. Pb ∴= 4. ab 5. Qb ∴ 6. Qa In fact, however, Christians in all periods have usually found the idea of the Father’s having suffered and died to be a repugnant one; and the Church of the fourth century was disturbed much less by Patripassianism than by another doctrine, one that can be stated using the same vocabulary: ARIANISM 1. ∃∀xyPy() ↔ x = y 1 Hodges, Logic, pp. 138, 262. 2 Since normative logicians have not achieved a complete standardization of the notation they use, it is probably worth specifying how I intend the symbols employed in the example sequences to be read. They are as follows: ∃x : ‘There exists some x such that ... ’; ∀x : ‘For all x ... ’; PQ↔ : ‘P if and only if Q’ (i.e., P and Q are either both true or both false); xy= : ‘x equals y’; ∴: ‘therefore’; ¬P : ‘not P’ (i.e., P is false); xy≠ : ‘x does not equal y’; PQ∧ : ‘P and Q’. 155 156 Appendix 2. Pa 3. ¬Qa 4.