Die Ahnen Der Tuareg Im Spiegel Historischer Berichterstattung*
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Nisan / The Levantine Review Volume 4 Number 2 (Winter 2015) Identity and Peoples in History Speculating on Ancient Mediterranean Mysteries Mordechai Nisan* We are familiar with a philo-Semitic disposition characterizing a number of communities, including Phoenicians/Lebanese, Kabyles/Berbers, and Ismailis/Druze, raising the question of a historical foundation binding them all together. The ethnic threads began in the Galilee and Mount Lebanon and later conceivably wound themselves back there in the persona of Al-Muwahiddun [Unitarian] Druze. While DNA testing is a fascinating methodology to verify the similarity or identity of a shared gene pool among ostensibly disparate peoples, we will primarily pursue our inquiry using conventional historical materials, without however—at the end—avoiding the clues offered by modern science. Our thesis seeks to substantiate an intuition, a reading of the contours of tales emanating from the eastern Mediterranean basin, the Levantine area, to Africa and Egypt, and returning to Israel and Lebanon. The story unfolds with ancient biblical tribes of Israel in the north of their country mixing with, or becoming Lebanese Phoenicians, travelling to North Africa—Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya in particular— assimilating among Kabyle Berbers, later fusing with Shi’a Ismailis in the Maghreb, who would then migrate to Egypt, and during the Fatimid period evolve as the Druze. The latter would later flee Egypt and return to Lebanon—the place where their (biological) ancestors had once dwelt. The original core group was composed of Hebrews/Jews, toward whom various communities evince affinity and identity today with the Jewish people and the state of Israel. -
ROMAN POLITICS DURING the JUGURTHINE WAR by PATRICIA EPPERSON WINGATE Bachelor of Arts in Education Northeastern Oklahoma State
ROMAN POLITICS DURING THE JUGURTHINE WAR By PATRICIA EPPERSON ,WINGATE Bachelor of Arts in Education Northeastern Oklahoma State University Tahlequah, Oklahoma 1971 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS May, 1975 SEP Ji ·J75 ROMAN POLITICS DURING THE JUGURTHINE WAR Thesis Approved: . Dean of the Graduate College 91648 ~31 ii PREFACE The Jugurthine War occurred within the transitional period of Roman politics between the Gracchi and the rise of military dictators~ The era of the Numidian conflict is significant, for during that inter val the equites gained political strength, and the Roman army was transformed into a personal, professional army which no longer served the state, but dedicated itself to its commander. The primary o~jec tive of this study is to illustrate the role that political events in Rome during the Jugurthine War played in transforming the Republic into the Principate. I would like to thank my adviser, Dr. Neil Hackett, for his patient guidance and scholarly assistance, and to also acknowledge the aid of the other members of my counnittee, Dr. George Jewsbury and Dr. Michael Smith, in preparing my final draft. Important financial aid to my degree came from the Dr. Courtney W. Shropshire Memorial Scholarship. The Muskogee Civitan Club offered my name to the Civitan International Scholarship Selection Committee, and I am grateful for their ass.istance. A note of thanks is given to the staff of the Oklahoma State Uni versity Library, especially Ms. Vicki Withers, for their overall assis tance, particularly in securing material from other libraries. -
Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M'zab Valley 2022
Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M’Zab Valley 2022 13 MAR – 2 APR 2022 Code: 22203 Tour Leaders Tony O’Connor Physical Ratings Explore Ottoman kasbahs, Roman Constantine, Timgad & Djemila, mud-brick trading towns of the Sahara, Moorish Tlemcen, & the secret world of the Berber M'Zab valley. Overview Join archaeologist Tony O'Connor on this fascinating tour which explores Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M'Zab Valley. Explore the twisting streets, stairs, and alleys of the Ottoman Kasbah of Algiers and enjoy magnificent views across the city from the French colonial Cathedral of Notre-Dame d'Afrique. Wander perfectly preserved streets at the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Roman Djémila and Timgad, empty of visitors and complete with stunning mosaics, full-size temples, triumphal arches, market places, and theatres. At Sétif gaze upon one of the most exquisite mosaics in all of the Roman world – The Triumph of Dionysus. Engage with Numidian Kings at the extraordinary tombs of Medracen and the 'Tomb of the Christian' along with the ambitions of Cleopatra and Mark Antony at their daughter’s former capital of Caesarea/Cherchell. Explore the Roman 'City of Bridges', Constantine, encircled by the dramatic gorge of Wadi Rummel. Wander the atmospheric ruins of the Roman towns of Tipaza and Tiddis: Tipaza overlooks the Mediteranean, while Tiddis perches on a hillside, overlooking the fertile lands of Constantine. Walk the Algerian 'Grand Canyon' at El Ghoufi: a centre of Aures Berber culture, Algerian resistance to French colonial rule, inscriptions left behind by the engineers of Emperor Hadrian himself, and photogenic mud-brick villages clustering along vertiginous rocky ledges. -
Nostalgias in Modern Tunisia Dissertation
Images of the Past: Nostalgias in Modern Tunisia Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David M. Bond, M.A. Graduate Program in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures The Ohio State University 2017 Dissertation Committee: Sabra J. Webber, Advisor Johanna Sellman Philip Armstrong Copyrighted by David Bond 2017 Abstract The construction of stories about identity, origins, history and community is central in the process of national identity formation: to mould a national identity – a sense of unity with others belonging to the same nation – it is necessary to have an understanding of oneself as located in a temporally extended narrative which can be remembered and recalled. Amid the “memory boom” of recent decades, “memory” is used to cover a variety of social practices, sometimes at the expense of the nuance and texture of history and politics. The result can be an elision of the ways in which memories are constructed through acts of manipulation and the play of power. This dissertation examines practices and practitioners of nostalgia in a particular context, that of Tunisia and the Mediterranean region during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Using a variety of historical and ethnographical sources I show how multifaceted nostalgia was a feature of the colonial situation in Tunisia notably in the period after the First World War. In the postcolonial period I explore continuities with the colonial period and the uses of nostalgia as a means of contestation when other possibilities are limited. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles the Contested Legend Of
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Contested Legend of al-Kâhina: Prophetess or Propaganda? A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Art in African Studies by Jessica Leigh Keuter 2019 © Copyright by Jessica Leigh Keuter 2019 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS The Contested Legend of al-Kâhina: Prophetess or Propaganda? by Jessica Leigh Keuter Master of Arts in African Studies University of California, Los Angeles, 2019 Professor Ghislaine Lydon, Chair With depictions ranging from anti-Muslim resistance warrior of the seventh century to mythical priestess, al-Kâhina looms large in the historical narratives of North African Amazigh, Jewish, and Arab peoples. Despite her legendary status, al-Kâhina’s existence as a historical female figure who reigned over the Amazigh is disputed. In this paper, I highlight the long history of colonial occupation and continual resistance organizing by the Amazigh prior to al-Kâhina’s battles with the Arab invaders at the end of the seventh century. Through analysis of secondary sources, I examine how both Arab and French occupations appropriated the legend to promote their agendas. I argue that al-Kâhina’s story has been used to enforce or combat different political agendas, both historically and today. Presently in the region , al-Kâhina has been iconized and used as the “face” of Amazigh nationalist and cultural movements. ii The thesis of Jessica Leigh Keuter is approved. Katherine M. Marino William H. Worger Ghislaine E. Lydon, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2019 iii “Someday we’ll all be gone But lullabies go on and on They never die…” ~ Billy Joel iv Contents List of Figures vi List of Maps vii Introduction 1 Historical Context 7 Early Imazighen 7 Greeks/Phoenicians 9 Early Romans 9 Roman Christianization 12 Vandals/Byzantine Control 15 Arab Invasion & Islamization 16 Ottoman Conquest 17 French Colonial Rule 17 Independence 21 Discussion of the Literature 23 Norman Roth 23 "The Kâhina: Legendary Material in the Accounts of the Jewish Berber Queen” H.T. -
ENCYCLOPÉDIE BERBÈRE Menp Enc
MenP Enc. Berb. XXVIII-XXIX-K7:MenP Enc. Berb. XXVIII-XXIX-K 6/09/07 10:26 Page 1 ENCYCLOPÉDIE BERBÈRE MenP Enc. Berb. XXVIII-XXIX-K7:MenP Enc. Berb. XXVIII-XXIX-K 6/09/07 10:26 Page 2 FONDATEUR DE LA PUBLICATION GABRIEL CAMPS † DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION SALEM CHAKER Professeur à l’INALCO (Paris) CONSEILLERS SCIENTIFIQUES H. CAMPS-FABRER (Préhistoire et Technologie) A. BOUNFOUR (Littérature) J. DESANGES (Histoire ancienne) C. ROUBET (Préhistoire) M. GAST (Ethnologie) H. CLAUDOT-HAWAD (Anthropologie sociale et culturelle) COMITÉ DE RÉDACTION D. ABROUS (Anthropologie) J. LECLANT (Égypte) M. ARKOUN (Islam) K.G. PRASSE (Linguistique) L. SERRA (Linguistique) K. SLIMANI-DIRECHE S. HACHI (Préhistoire) (Histoire moderne et contemporaine) J.-M. LASSERE (Sociétés antiques) G. SOUVILLE (Préhistoire) M.-J. VIGUERA-MOLINS (Al-Andalus) P. TROUSSET (Antiquité romaine) ISBN 978-2-85744-201-7 et 2-7449-0707-4 La loi du 11 mars 1957 n’autorisant, aux termes des alinéas 2 et 3 de l’article 41, d’une part, « que les copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l’usage du copiste et non destinées à une utili- sation collective » et, d’autre part, que les analyses et les courtes citations dans un but d’exemple et d’illustration, « toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale, ou partielle, faite sans le consentement de ses auteurs ou de ses ayants-droit ou ayants-cause, est illicite » (alinéa 1er de l’article 40). Cette représentation ou reproduction par quelque procédé que ce soit constituerait donc une contrefaçon sanctionnée par les articles 425 et suivants du Code pénal. © Édisud, La Compagnie des éditions de la Lesse, Aix-en-Provence, 2007. -
UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology
UCLA UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology Title Egyptian Among Neighboring African Languages Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2fb8t2pz Journal UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 1(1) Author Cooper, Julien Publication Date 2020-12-19 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California EGYPTIAN AMONG NEIGHBORING AFRICAN LANGUAGES اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ واﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻻﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة Julien Cooper EDITORS JULIE STAUDER-PORCHET ANDRÉAS STAUDER Editor, Language, Text and Writing Editor, Language, Text and Writing Swiss National Science Foundation & École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université de Genève, Switzerland Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, France WILLEKE WENDRICH SOLANGE ASHBY Editor-in-Chief Editor Upper Nile Languages and Culture Associated Researcher UCLA, USA University of California, Los Angeles, USA ANNE AUSTIN MENNAT –ALLAH EL DORRY Editor, Individual and Society Editor, Natural Environment Flora and Fauna University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Egypt JUAN CARLOS MORENO GARCÍA WOLFRAM GRAJETZKI Editor, Economy Editor, Time and History Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique University College London, UK UMR 8167 (Orient & Méditerranée), Sorbonne Université, France CHRISTINE JOHNSTON RUNE NYORD Editor, Natural Environment, Landscapes and Climate Editor, History of Egyptology Western Washington University, USA Emory University, USA TANJA POMMERENING Editor, Domains of Knowledge Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany Short Citation: Cooper 2020, -
WHAT Architect WHERE Notes Zone 1: Tunis Chikly Is a Small Island
WHAT Architect WHERE Notes Zone 1: Tunis Chikly is a small island located in the northern part of Lake of Tunis which houses Fort Santiago Chikly, a former Roman citadel which was reconstructed by the Spanish Governor of Goletta, Luys Peres Varga, between 1546 and 1550. The fort was completely abandoned in 1830 and Chikly island was left to deteriorate. Chikly was declared a national cultural heritage ** Fort Santiago Chikly asset and the fort is being restored as part of the Tunisian-Spanish شكلي cooperation involving the National Heritage Institute and the University of Madrid. Excavation and cleaning took place in 1994 followed by archaeological excavations in 1995. These found mosaics dating back to the Roman and Byzantine periods in the 4th and 5th centuries. The Tunis convention center is a former exhibition center in Tunis. It was built in 1969 by the architect Del Monaco, at the same time as the Avenue Mohamed V Olivier-Clément congress hotel (current Laico Tunis hotel) which was entrusted to the ** Palais des Congrès + ave du Ghana Cacoub architect Olivier-Clément Cacoub. It was refurbished and enlarged in 1994 قصر المؤتمرات by the architects Wassim Ben Mahmoud and Tarek Ben Miled and it's currently used for international political meetings and summits. Hotel Majestic is a historical hotel on the Avenue de Paris in Tunis, Avenue de Paris Tunisia. It was built in 1914 and is noted for its Art Nouveau architecture *** Majestic Hotel with a white facade and gently curved corners. The hotel is 4 storeys فندق ماجستيك and the first floor has a terrace. -
139 AMY GOLAHNY Rembrandt's Artemisia
AMY GOLAHNY Rembrandt's Artemisia: Arts Patron* One of the more vexing questions of identity in Rembrandt studies has been posed by the seated woman in the Prado canvas of i634 (fig. I). She has been called Sopho- nisba or Artemisia. The two ancient queens share certain circumstances, most par- ticularly a drink, that each consumes for opposing purposes. Sophonisba's drink is a poison draught that is her death sentence brought about by her disloyalty to her husband, and Artemisia's, an ash-and-herb mixture that is homage to her deceased husband. Confusion between Sophonisba and Artemisia is understandable. In the literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the figure has been known consistently as Sophonisba, with two dissenting voices presenting her as Artemi- sia.' The label of Sophonisba has been tenacious, and, in the exceptional cases where she has been labelled Artemisia, the reasons for identifying her are not fully explained. By examining what is shown in the picture and the relevant textual sources, we may ascertain her identity as Artemisia, and better understand the im- age as a unique invention reflecting literary allusion and artistic rivalry. The composition of the picture is a pyramid: at the apex, the massive woman ensconced in a chair, visible only as blue-velvet armrests; and at the base, a kneel- ing maid and a table bearing a large folio. The sweep of the maid's arm echoes the curved edge of the table top. The signature and date, prominently inscribed on one blue velvet armrest, may be a later addition, but the date is plausible and Rem- brandt's authorship has not been doubted.' Sophonisba's Story In his history of the wars between the Romans and Numidians, Livy related So- phonisba's story.3 Sophonisba left her first husband Syphax, the Numidian king fighting the Romans, to gain favor from Masinissa, another north African king, in his alliance with Rome; she begged Masinissa to marry her so that she would be protected from the Romans, who distrusted her and regarded her as a traitor to her own land. -
Libya in Transition: Human Mobility, International Conflict and State Building
Pubblicazione quadrimestrale afriche numero 3 / 2018 www.comune.bologna.it/iperbole/africheorientie orienti rivista di studi ai confini tra africa mediterraneo e medio oriente anno XX numero 3 / 2018 Libya in Transition: Human Mobility, International Conflict and State Building Edited by Antonio M. Morone DOSSIER The Amazigh Issue in Post-Qaddafi’s Libya: Mobilizing History for Occupying a Political Vacuum Chiara Pagano Abstract: The article analyses the Imazighen’s role in Libyan uprising of February 2011, historically problematizing the emergence of the ethnic issue in nowadays Libya, as well as Imazighen’s struggle to bring the ethnic discourse on the transitional political agenda, after over 57 42 years of Qaddafi’s pan-Arab oppression. Amazigh communities of Jabal al-Nafusa and Zwara have performed their mobilization within the public space of revolutionary Libya not only as an armed revolt against Qaddafi’s regime but also as a ‘laboratory of belonging’, inextricably linking the credibility of Libya’s democratic transition to the constitutional recognition of their linguistic and cultural specificity. Eventually, the cultural themes of Berberism were coupled to a nativist rhetoric, sustaining a process of ethnic identity’s (re)construction. Arguably both local activists and town leaders have usually preferred to strive for their particular interests in a peaceful way, despite constantly showing an oppositional attitude toward transitional authorities. Yet, in order to build a unitary linguistic and cultural community, ethnic categories were mobilized, which are often inherited from the colonial past. Ultimately, ethnicity served Amazigh leaders as a political tool for bargaining local interests with a weak political center, eventually seeking for wider margins of autonomy and the control of local resources. -
Semiotic and Discursive Displays of Tamazight Identity on Facebook: a Sociolinguistic Analysis of Revitalization Efforts in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 5-2019 Semiotic and Discursive Displays of Tamazight Identity on Facebook: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Revitalization Efforts in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia Soubeika Bahri The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3098 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] SEMIOTIC AND DISCURSIVE DISPLAYS OF TAMAZIGHT IDENTITY ON FACEBOOK: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF REVITALIZATION EFFORTS IN POST-REVOLUTIONARY TUNISIA by SOUBEIKA (WAFA) BAHRI A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York. 2019 ©2019 SOUBEIKA (WAFA) BAHRI All Rights Reserved ii Semiotic and Discursive Displays of Tamazight Identity on Facebook: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Revitalization Efforts in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia. by Soubeika (Wafa) Bahri This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Linguistics in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _________________ _________________________________________ Date Cecelia Cutler Chair of Examining Committee _________________ _________________________________________ Date Gita Martohardjono Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Michael Newman Miki Makihara Lotfi Sayahi THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Semiotic and Discursive Displays of Tamazight Identity on Facebook: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Revitalization Efforts in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia. -
The Beast Structure the Third Beast the Last King of the North
THE BEAST STRUCTURE THE THIRD BEAST THE LAST KING OF THE NORTH By Marie Casale Copyright © 2016 THE LAST KING OF THE NORTH Now we come to another ‘King of the North’, the king of Dan 11:36-45. We were able to identify Antiochus IV Epiphanes as the King of the North in Dan 11:21-31 who placed the Abomination of Desolation in the temple by following the scriptures showing successive kings through Daniel 11 from Alexander the Great down to Antiochus Epiphanes. But how do we identify the last King of the North? In the scriptures there are no kings before or after him. He suddenly appears after an undetermined period of time at a time called ‘the time of the end’, the appointed time of Dan 11:35 The only way to identify the last King of the North is to look at the scriptures to see what he does. Verse 40 tells us that he is the King of the North and that the King of the South shall push at him. So there is also a King of the South. Then verse 45 tells us that he will place the ‘tabernacle of his palace in the holy mountain.’ So following history from the time of Antiochus Epiphanes in 168 BC, was there another time when Kings of the North and South who struggled over the holy land again existed? Was there a King of the South who pushed at a King of the North? And did this King of the North place his own building in the holy mountain - Jerusalem? Yes, there was such a time.