to attract birds to your garden All trees and provide shelter, nesting sites and nesting material. Plants with nectar-rich provide food for nectar-feeders. Plants with fleshy fruits and seeds provide food for fruit- and seed-eaters. Plants with flowers and fruits also attract insects, which attract insect-eating birds.

Proteaceae Schefflera umbellifera Freylinia undulata - all Schotia brachypetala Halleria elliptica , and hybrids: Searsia spp. Lobostemon belliformis - all fynbos species Sideroxylon inerme Ochna serrulata cultivars and hybrids: Syzygium spp. Osyris compressa Vepris lanceolata Pavetta spp. Trees Virgilia divaricata Psychotria capensis Acacia spp. Virgilia oroboides Rhamnus prinoides Apodytes dimidiata Salvia spp. Canthium inerme Climbers Searsia spp Cassine peragua Podranea ricasoliana Strelitzia reginae Cunonia capensis Rhoicissus digitata Strelitzia juncea Curtisia dentata Tecomaria capensis Cussonia spp. Chrysophyllum viridifolium with tubular Bulbs Cryptocarya spp. flowers e.g. Chasmanthe spp. Diospyros lycioides abietina Kniphofia spp. Diospyros whyteana Erica baueri Veltheimia bracteata Dovyalis caffra Erica brachialis Watsonia spp. Ekebergia capensis Erica cerinthoides Englerophytum natalense Erica coccinea Herbaceous Perennial Erythrina caffra Erica diaphana Hypoestes aristata Erythrina latissima Erica discolor Leonotis leonurus Erythrina lysistemon Erica glandulosa aequalis Euclea crispa Erica mammosa Phygelius capensis Euclea natalensis Erica patersonii Ficus spp. Erica perspicua Annuals Grewia occidentalis Erica pinea Arcotis spp. Greyia spp. Erica plukenetii Halleria lucida Erica regia Grasses Ilex mitis Erica sessiliflora Many species e.g. Kiggelaria africana Erica speciosa Melinis repens Loxostylis alata Erica versicolor Maytenus acuminata Erica verticillata Succulents Mimusops zeyheri Aloe most spp. including: Ochna natalitia Shrubs Aloe arborescens Olea capensis Carissa spp. Aloe ferox Olea europaea subsp. africana Chrysanthemoides monilifera Aloe pluridens Olea exasperata Coddia rudis Cotyledon orbiculata Pappea capensis Diospyros scabrida Gasteria spp. Podocarpus spp. Freylinia densiflora Tylecodon grandiflorus Psychotria capensis Freylinia helmei Rapanea melanophloeos Freylinia lanceolata

Plants to attract birds

Chameleon friendly gardening and plants Chameleons need a large area to roam – involve your neighbors and create a series of linked gardens to give them a large enough habitat. They need good vegetation cover and a mix of plants of different sizes, including small plants with fine thin stems to provide perches for juveniles, and larger shrubs to provide more sturdy perches for older chameleons. Chameleons don’t like large lawns, reduce or replace it with shrubs or groundcovers. Chameleons eat insects, so to encourage them you have to become insect-friendly. Stop using insecticides – they kill chameleons directly, by poisoning, and indirectly, by eliminating insects, their food source. Lay biodegradable mulch, leave logs to decay and keep a compost heap – all of which provide food and breeding places for insects that chameleons prey on. Grow plants that attract their prey, e.g. flowers or fruits that butterflies or other insects feed on and/or plants that insects breed on. Exclude domestic cats from the Garden, they kill chameleons. Fiscal Shrikes (=Jackie Hangman or Butcher Bird) is also a predator of chameleons. AVOID barbed wire and plants with large thorns, such as Acacia karroo, because Fiscal Shrikes use the thorns to impale their chameleon prey.

PERENNIALS & SHRUBS with Elegia cuspidata, E.fistulosa, Diospyros lycioides thin stems (to provide perches E.equisetacea, E.persistens, Diospyros whyteana for juveniles): E.tectorum (=Chondropetalum Dodonaea viscosa, Berzelia and Brunia spp. tectorum), E.nuda, and many D.angustifolia Buchus: Agathosma spp, more Grewia spp. Acmadenia spp. Coleonema Scabiosa spp. Heteropyxis natalensis spp., Diosma spp. Searsia spp. (= Rhus spp.) spp. e.g. Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis S.crenata, S.lucida, S.nebulosa, L.xanthoconus (Renosterbos) S.refracta Olea europaea ssp africana Erica spp. – any species aemula, S. fucifolia, Phylica buxifolia Euryops annae S.villosa Podocarpus latifolius, P. Euryops virgineus Struthiola spp. elongatus Gnidia squarrosa & Gnidia Protea spp. with small leaves oppositifolia LARGE SHRUBS AND TREES e.g. with small with thicker stems (perches Restios – with thicker stems narrow leaves such as L. for adults) and/or that such as Elegia capensis, Restio linifolium, L.levisanus, L. provide dense cover: subverticillata (=Ischyrolepis salignum Afrocarpus falcatus subverticillata) Ocimum labiatum (=Podocarpus falcatus) Searsia spp (= Rhus spp.) Pelargonium spp. with small Buddleja auriculata, B.saligna, including leaves B.salviifolia S. lancea, S. viminalis Phylica ericoides Chrysanthemoides monilifera Sideroxylon inerme Crotalaria capensis – Syzygium pondoense Restios – Thamnochortus chameleons feed on the bachmannii, T.insignis, butterflies that breed on it T.pluristachyus, T.spicigerus, Diospyros glabra

Chameleon-friendly plants

Plants to provide food for honeybees Honeybees feed on nectar (carbohydrates) and pollen (protein) from a wide variety of flowering plants. While the honeybee forages for nectar and pollen it transfers pollen from one to another, providing the service of pollination, which allows the to produce seeds. However, bees don’t pollinate all flowers that they visit. This list is based on observations of bees visiting flowers in Kirstenbosch NBG, and on a variety of references, in particular the following: Plant of the Week articles on www.PlantZAfrica.com Johannsmeier, M.F. 2005. Beeplants of the South-, Nectar and pollen sources of honeybees (revised and expanded). Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 17. Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria,

Annuals Geranium incanum Selago canescens Arctotis fastuosa Geranium multisectum Selago villicaulis ‘Purple Turtle’ Arctotis hirsuta Geranium sanguineum Senecio glastifolius Arctotis venusta Helichrysum argyrophyllum Senecio halimifolius Carpanthea pomeridiana Helichrysum cymosum Senecio lineatus Ceratotheca triloba (& Helichrysum dasyanthum Senecio rigidus carpenter bees) Helichrysum foetidum Senecio macrocephalus Dimorphotheca pluvialis Helichrysum odoratissimum Chaenostoma caeruleum (= Dimorphotheca sinuata Helichrysum patulum Sutera caerulea) Dorotheanthus bellidiformis Helichrysum petiolare Chaenostoma cordata (= Felicia dubia Helichrysum umbraculigerum Sutera cordata) Felicia elongata Hemizygia see Syncolostemon Chaenostoma hispida Felicia heterophylla Hermannia pinnata Chaenostoma pauciflora Heliophila coronopifolia Hermannia saccifera Syncolostemon spp. Nemesia strumosa Lasiospermum bipinnatum (=Hemizygia spp.) Senecio elegans Leonotis leonurus Syncolostemon latidens Ursinia spp. Lessertia frutescens Syncolostemon obermeyerae (=Sutherlandia) Syncolostemon transvaalensis Herbaceous perennials & Lobelia coronopifolia Ursinia abrotanifolia groundcovers Lobelia pinifolia Ursinia sericea Aerva leucura Mentha longifolia Wahlenbergia rivularis Anchusa capensis Monopsis lutea Walafrida nitida Aptenia cordifolia Monopsis unidentata Arctotis arctotoides Ocimum labiatum Shrubs Arctotis stoechadifolia (=Orthosiphon amabilis, O. Anisodontea julii Artemisia afra labiatus) Anisodontea scabrosa Asparagus spp. incl. A. Osteospermum spp. Aspalathus spp. densiflorus Otholobium virgatum Athanasia crithmifolia Barleria obtusa (=O.decumbens) Athanasia dentata Berkheya spp. Pycnostachys reticulata Barleria obtusa Cotula sericea Pycnostachys urticifolia Bauhinia spp. Diascia spp. Salvia aurita Berzelia lanuginosa Dimorphotheca cuneata Salvia disermas Brunia albiflora Dissotis princeps (carpenter Salvia repens Brunia noduliflora bees) Scabiosa africana Buddleja auriculata Eumorphia prostrata Scabiosa columbaria Buddleja loricata Felicia spp. Scabiosa drakensbergensis Buddleja saligna Gazania spp. Scabiosa incisa Buddleja salviifolia Geranium drakensbergensis Selago corymbosa

Plants that feed honeybees Calobota cytisoides (=Lebeckia Morella cordifolia (male Tecomaria capensis cytisoides) plants) (=Myrica cordifolia) Tetradenia riparia Calobota sericea (=Lebeckia Muraltia spinosa (=Nylandtia Vernonia spp. sericea) spinosa) Wiborgia spp. Chrysanthemoides incana Muraltia spp. Chrysanthemoides monilifera Nymania capensis Climbers Chrysocoma coma-aurea Ochna serrulata Asparagus spp. Clerodendrum myricoides Oldenburgia grandis Clematis brachiata Clerodendrum ugandense Otholobium fruticans Dialium schlechteri Cliffortia ilicifolia Orphium frutescens (& Podranea ricasoliana Cliffortia odorata carpenter bees) (carpenter bees) Cliffortia ruscifolia Otholobium hirtum Rhoicissus digitata Commiphora spp. Othonna spp Rhoicissus tomentosa Crotalaria capensis Passerina spp. Senecio macroglossus Cussonia spp. Pavetta spp. Senecio tamoides Cyclopia spp. Phylica ericoides Thunbergia alata Didelta carnosa Phylica pubescens Didelta spinosa Phylica purpurea Aquatic Plants Dombeya spp. Podalyria calyptrata (& Aponogeton distachyos Dovyalis caffra carpenter bees) Mentha aquatica Eriocephalus africanus Podalyria sericea Nymphaea nouchali var. Eriocephalus ericoides Polygala fruticosa caerulea Euryops abrotanifolius Polygala myrtifolia Nymphoides indica Euryops annae Polygala virgata Euryops pectinatus Printzia polyfolia Bulbous Plants Euryops speciosissimus Rhigozum obovatum Agapanthus praecox Euryops virgineus Rhus spp. now Searsia Agapanthus praecox hybrids Felicia aethiopica Roella spp. Aristea capitata (& carpenter Felicia amelloides Salvia africana-caerulea bees) Felicia filifolia Salvia africana-lutea Babiana angustifolia Felicia fruticosa Salvia chamelaeagnea Babiana fragrans Freylinia lanceolata Salvia dolomitica Babiana pygmaea Grewia spp. Sparrmannia africana Babiana rubrocyanea Grewia occidentalis Psoralea pinnata Babiana stricta Greyia spp. Pteronia incana Bulbinella spp. Hermannia spp. Rafnia spp. Chasmanthe bicolor Heterolepis aliena Salvia repens Chasmanthe floribunda Hypoestes aristata Schistostephium umbellatum Clivia miniata Jasminum multipartitum Scutia myrtina Dierama pendulum Limonium peregrinum Searsia spp. (=Rhus spp.) Dietes spp. Limonium scabrum Eucomis comosa Lippia spp. Freesia alba Lobostemon belliformis Gladiolus alatus Lobostemon fruticosus Stachys spp. S.aethiopica. Gladiolus aureus Lobostemon montanus S.rugosa Gladiolus carinatus Lycium afrum Strelitzia reginae Gladiolus gracilis Lycium ferocissimum Stoebe spp. Gladiolus griseus Melianthus comosus Syncarpha argyropsis Gladiolus hirsutus Melianthus major Syncarpha spp. Gladiolus inflexus Metalasia muricata Syncolostemon latidens Gladiolus jonquillodorus Syncolostemon teucriifolius Gladiolus meliusculus

Plants that feed honeybees Gladiolus papilio Diosma spp. Erica versicolor Gladiolus patersoniae Euchaetis meridionalis Erica vestita Gladiolus quadrangulus Gladiolus trichonemifolius Pelargoniums Restios –male plants (pollen) Gladiolus watsonius Pelargonium betulinum Calopsis paniculata Haemanthus spp. Pelargonium candicans Ceratocaryum argenteum Hypoxis spp. Pelargonium capitatum possibly Ixia dubia Pelargonium cordifolium Elegia capensis Ixia flexuosa Pelargonium crithmifolium Elegia cuspidata Kniphofia spp. Pelargonium cucullatum Elegia filacea Lachenalia spp. Pelargonium echinatum Elegia fistulosa Merwilla plumbea Pelargonium fruticosum Elegia capensis Moraea bifida Pelargonium fulgidum Restio dispar Moraea collina Pelargonium glutinosum Restio multiflorus Moraea comptonii Pelargonium graveolens Restio subverticillatus Moraea elegans Pelargonium grossularioides Thamnochortus bachmannii Moraea miniata Pelargonium papilionaceum Thamnochortus cinereus Moraea ochroleuca Pelargonium scabrum Thamnochortus fraternus Moraea pseudospicata Pelargonium suburbanum Thamnochortus insignis Moraea reflexa Pelargonium tricolor Thamnochortus lucens Nerine spp. Thamnochortus pluristachyus Ornithogalum thyrsoides Ericas many species as listed Thamnochortus spicigerus Oxalis spp. below (AVOID tube-flowered Willdenowia spp. Oxalis pes-caprae spp with very sticky flowers Oxalis purpurea that can trap bees) Tritonia crocata Erica alexandri umbellata Wachendorfia thyrsiflora Leucadendron spp. especially: Watsonia borbonica Erica articularis Leucadendron daphnoides Wurmbea stricta (=Onixotis Erica baccans Leucadendron sessile stricta) Erica bauera Leucadendron tinctum Zantedeschia aethiopica Erica caffra Leucospermum spp. especially Leucospermum bolusii Grasses many species Erica curvirostris Leucospermum catherinae Erica deliciosa Leucospermum Buchus Erica densifolia conocarpodendron Acmadenia heterophylla Erica discolor Leucospermum cordifolium Acmadenia mundiana Erica dispar Leucospermum cuneiforme Acmadenia obtusata Erica formosa Leucospermum erubescens Adenandra spp. Erica glabella Leucospermum formosum Agathosma betulina Erica glandulosa Leucospermum glabrum Agathosma cerefolium Erica hirtiflora Leucospermum mundii Agathosma ciliaris Erica intervallaris Leucospermum oleifolium Agathosma collina Erica lateralis Leucospermum praecox Agathosma crenulata Erica nudiflora Leucospermum reflexum Agathosma glabrata Erica perspicua Leucospermum tottum Agathosma gonaquensis Erica plumosa chrysanthus Agathosma mucronulata Erica quadrangularis Agathosma ovata (& cultivars) Erica sitiens Agathosma serpyllacea Erica scabriuscula spp. Agathosma spp. particularly: Erica sparsa Paranomus reflexus Coleonema spp. Erica taxifolia Protea spp. particularly:

Plants that feed honeybees Malephora crocea saligna Oscularia deltoides Ficus spp. (propolis from injury (summer rainfall) Othonna carnosa sites) Ruschia spp. Galpinia transvaalica Sarcocaulon crassicaule Halleria lucida Tetragonia fruticosa Harpephyllum caffrum Tetragonia decumbens Ilex mitis Tetragonia spicata Kigelia africana Zygophyllum fulvum Kiggelaria africana Zygophyllum spinosum Loxostylis alata Protea repens Metrosideros angustifolius (summer Trees Mimusops spp. rainfall) Acacia spp. Nuxia floribunda Protea subvestita (summer Albizia spp. Ochna spp. O.pulchra rainfall) Apodytes dimidiata Olea spp. Serruria spp: including Berchemia discolor Peltophorum africanum stellatifolium Phoenix reclinata Serruria aitonii Brachylaena neriifolia Prunus africana Bridelia micrantha Pterocarpus spp. Serruria fucifolia Buddleja saligna Rapanea melanophloeos Serruria glomerata Burchellia bubalina Rauvolfia caffra Serruria rosea Calodendrum capense Schotia spp. Serruria triternata Canthium inerme Sclerocarya birrea Serruria villosa Cassine peragua (=Rhus lancea) Clausena anisata Searsia viminalis (=Rhus Succulents Combretum spp. viminalis) Aloe spp. particularly: Croton spp. Schrebera alata Aloe arborescens Cunonia capensis Sideroxylon inerme Aloe ferox Dais cotinifolia Strelitzia nicolai Aloe marlothii Dichrostachys cinerea Syzygium cordatum Aloe speciosa Diospyros spp. Syzygium guineense Bulbine spp. Dodonaea viscosa Syzygium pondoense Carpobrotus spp. Ekebergia capensis Tarchonanthus spp Cephalophyllum spp. Ekebergia pterophylla Tarchonanthus spp. Conicosia pugioniformis Erythrina caffra Terminalia spp Crassula multicava Erythrina latissima Trema orientalis Crassula multiflora Euclea spp Trichilia emetica Crassula ovata Euclea crispa Vepris lanceolata Delosperma spp. Euclea natalensis Virgilia spp. (carpenter bees) Drosanthemum spp. Euclea racemosa Zanthoxylum capense Euphorbia spp. E. mauritanica Euclea tomentosa Ziziphus rivularis Jordaaniella anemoniflora Euclea undulata Lampranthus spp. Faurea rochetiana

Plants that feed honeybees

Plants to attract pollinating insects to the garden (other than honeybees) and insects for birds and chameleons to feed on Butterflies will feed on fermenting juices of decaying fruit left out for them. There are many flying insects, other than houseflies, that are food for chameleons, and are also attracted to a variety of flowers and/or decaying fruit and/or compost heaps.

Annuals: Asystasia gangetica Acmadenia spp. Arctotis spp. Barleria spp. Acridocarpus natalitius Ceratotheca triloba Chaenostoma spp. (=Sutera) Adenandra spp. Felicia spp. Chaetacanthus setiger Agathosma spp. Heliophila coronopifolia Chlorophytum saundersiae Anisodontea julii Nemesia strumosa Diascia spp. Anisodontea scabrosa Senecio elegans Dimorphotheca spp. Asclepias spp. Ursinia spp. Dissotis princeps Aspalathus spp. Dymondia margaretae Athanasia crithmifolia Climbers Eumorphia prostrata Athanasia dentata Asparagus spp. Felicia spp. Bauhinia tomentosa Clematis brachiata Gazania spp.’ Berzelia lanuginosa Dialium schlechteri Geranium spp. Brunia albiflora Jasminum multipartitum Helichrysum spp. Buddleja auriculata Podranea ricasoliana Hemizygia see Syncolostemon Buddleja loricata Rhoicissus digitata Hermannia saccifera Buddleja saligna Rhoicissus tomentosa Jamesbrittenia grandiflora Buddleja salviifolia Senecio tamoides Justicia spp. Carissa spp. Thunbergia alata Lasiospermm bipinnatum Chrysanthemoides monilifera Leonotis leonurus Clerodendrum myricoides Ericas Lobelia spp. & cultivars Clerodendrum glabrum Erica abietina Lobelia valida Coddia rudis Erica baccans Ocimum labiatum Coleonema spp. Erica caffra (=Orthosiphon amabilis, O. Crotalaria capensis Erica canaliculata labiatus) Diosma spp. Erica curvirostris Orphium frutescens Dombeya rotundifolia Erica formosa Osteospermum spp. Dovyalis caffra Erica hirtiflora Pelargonium spp. Dracaena aletriformis Erica lateralis Plectranthus spp. (shade) Eriocephalus spp. Erica lutea Pseudoselago spp. Euryops spp. Erica nudiflora Pycnostachys reticulata Felicia spp. Erica quadrangularis Pycnostachys urticifolia Freylinia lanceolata Erica scabriuscula Salvia spp. Freylinia tropica Erica sparsa Scabiosa spp. Gomphocarpus spp. Erica taxifolia Selago spp. Grewia spp. Erica vestita Syncolostemon spp. Greyia spp. (=Hemizygia spp.) Gymnanthemum spp Herbaceous perennials & Ursinia abrotanifolia (=Vernonia) groundcovers Vernonia natalensis Hermannia spp. Aerva leucura Wahlenbergia rivularis Hibiscus spp. Anchusa capensis Walafrida nitida Hymenolepis parviflora Aptenia cordifolia Zygophyllum procumbens Hypoestes aristata Arctotis spp. Jasminum multipartitum Artemisia afra Shrubs Plants for pollinators Linzia glabra (=Vernonia Aristea ecklonii Buddleja saligna (butterflies) glabra) Chasmanthe bicolor Calodendrum capense Lobostemon belliformis Chasmanthe floribunda Canthium inerme Lobostemon fruticosus Cyrtanthus ventricosus Cassine peragua Lobostemon montanus Dierama pendulum Celtis africana Lycium spp. Dietes spp. Combretum spp. Melianthus comosus Eucomis spp Croton spp. Melianthus major Haemanthus spp. Cryptocarya woodii Metalasia muricata Hesperantha coccinea Cunonia capensis Metarungia longistrobus Kniphofia spp. Cussonia spp. Muraltia spp. Lachenalia spp. Dais cotinifolia Nylandtia spinosa now Merwilla plumbea Diospyros spp. Muraltia Nerine spp. Dodonaea viscosa Ochna serrulata Nerine sarniensis Ekebergia capensis Oldenburgia grandis Ornithogalum thyrsoides Ficus spp. Osyris compressa Oxalis spp. Galpinia transvaalica Osyris lanceolata Tritonia crocata Halleria lucida Pavetta spp. Tulbaghia simmleri Harpephyllum caffrum Phylica ericoides Tulbaghia violacea Ilex mitis Plumbago auriculata Wachendorfia thyrsiflora Kiggelaria africana Podalyria calyptrata Watsonia spp. Metrosideros angustifolius Podalyria sericea Wurmbea stricta (=Onixotis Mimusops spp. Polygala fruticosa stricta) Nuxia congesta Polygala myrtifolia Zantedeschia aethiopica Nuxia floribunda Polygala virgata Ochna spp. x Ruttyruspolia ‘Phyllis van Succulents Olea spp. Heerden’ Aloe spp. Pappea capensis Salvia africana-lutea Bulbine spp. Ptaeroxylon obliquum Searsia spp. (= Rhus spp.) Carpobrotus spp. Rapanea melanophloeos Tecomaria capensis Cephalophyllum spp. Rauvolfia caffra Tetradenia riparia Crassula coccinea Schotia spp. Crassula perfoliata var minor Schrebera alata Proteaceae Crassula ovata Searsia spp. (=Rhus spp.) Leucadendron sessile Delosperma spp. Syzygium cordatum Leucadendron tinctum’ Drosanthemum spp. Syzygium guineense Leucospermum bolusii Euphorbia spp. Syzygium pondoenset Leucospermum muirii Jordaaniella spp. Trema orientalis Leucospermum oleifolium Lampranthus spp. Trichilia dregeana Leucospermum tottum Oscularia spp. Vangueria infausta Mimetes chrysanthus Othonna spp. Vepris lanceolata Protea spp Ruschia spp. Virgilia divaricata Serruria spp. Virgilia oroboides Trees Ximenia caffra Bulbous Plants Acacia spp. Zanthoxylum capense Agapanthus spp cultivars and Albizia spp. Ziziphus rivularis hybrids Allophylus dregeanus Aristea capitata (carpenter Apodytes dimidiata bees) Boscia albitrunca

Plants for pollinators