SCREENING TOOL Appendix I1
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UK Cultivation of Fynbos Species
Experience at Tresco Abbey Gardens Can Inform UK Cultivation of Fynbos Species. Bob Wooding, Merlin 599 Contents – Part 1 Introduction 1 Part 2 – A Brief Introduction to the Flora of the Archipelago 3 Part 3 – A Summary of Fundamentals 4 Geology 4 Wind 5 Water 7 Part 4 – Composition and Management 8 Part 5 – Bringing it all Back Home 12 A Fine Selection of Fynbos Species 12 Transferable Learning 21 Acknowledgments 22 Bibliography 22 Part 1 – Introduction Towards the end of June 2013 I travelled South West as far as roads could take me. Then, having boarded the Scillonian, a notoriously flat bottomed passenger boat, I was flung some 30 miles over notoriously choppy Atlantic waters to arrive in the Scilly Isles. The reason for my visit was to gain some insight into the growing techniques employed by UK based horticulturalists in the cultivation of Fynbos species of the Western Cape of South Africa. The South West of Cornwall, with its mild maritime climate provides suitable growing conditions for a broader range of the world’s Mediterranean flora than elsewhere in the UK. The Fynbos is the dominant vegetation type of the Cape Floristic Region. Marked by Port Elisabeth on the East and Cape Town on the West, the area is shown in Fig. 1. The region contains roughly 9000 species and seven endemic families. It is one of the Figure 1- The Cape Floristic Region most diverse floras on Earth. The flora has been extensively documented, John Mannings Field Guide to Fynbos provides a succinct introduction to its character. -
CRANE's CAPE TOURS & TRAVEL P.O.BOX 26277 * HOUT BAY * 7872 CAPE TOWN * SOUTH AFRICA TEL: / FAX: (021) 790 0616CELL: 083 65 99 777E-Mail: [email protected]
CRANE'S CAPE TOURS & TRAVEL P.O.BOX 26277 * HOUT BAY * 7872 CAPE TOWN * SOUTH AFRICA TEL: / FAX: (021) 790 0616CELL: 083 65 99 777E-Mail: [email protected] SOUTH AFRICA'S SOUTH-WESTERN CAPE 1 – 14 OCTOBER 2011 Participants Val Codling George and Susan Battle John and Jan Croft Leader Geoff Crane Report and wildlife lists by Geoff Crane. Photos edged red by Geoff Crane and edged blue by John or Jan Croft, all taken during the holiday. More of Geoff’s photos can be seen via http://www.honeyguide.co.uk/wildlife-holidays/westerncape.html Cover photo – Southern Double-collared Sunbird; Strelitzia 'Nelson Mandela'; Southern Right Whale. As with all Honeyguide holidays, £40 of the price per person was put towards a conservation project in the host country. £250 from the Honeyguide Wildlife Trust Ltd. was matched by Geoff Crane and donated to the SABAP2 project ( http://sabap2.adu.org.za/index.php) . This is updating the first Southern African Bird Atlas Project which ran from 1987-1991 and culminated in the publication in 1997 of two volumes on the distribution and relative abundance of southern African birds. Our contribution will be used to atlas areas that no-one has yet been to. As at November 2011, the amount of all conservation contributions made through Honeyguide since 1991 totals £73,500. 2 South Africa’s South-Western Cape 1 – 14 October 2011 DAY 1. Saturday 1 st October 2011 Orientation tour / Silvermine Nature Reserve / Kommetjie Overcast with a light wind. The flight arrived on time (to the second) and we had cleared the airport by 9am. -
Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens Distributed 1901 - 1990
Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens distributed 1901 - 1990 Page 1 - https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57407494 15 July 1901 Dr T Johnson FLS, Science and Art Museum, Dublin Two cases containing the following:- Ackd 20.7.01 1. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 2. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 3. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 4. Wood of Anogeissus acuminata, Ganjam, Paris Exhibition 1900 5. Wood of Xylia dolabriformis, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 6. Wood of Pterocarpus Marsupium, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 7. Wood of Lagerstremia parviflora, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 8. Wood of Anogeissus latifolia , Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 9. Wood of Gyrocarpus jacquini, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 10. Wood of Acrocarpus fraxinifolium, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 11. Wood of Ulmus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 12. Wood of Phyllanthus emblica, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 13. Wood of Adina cordifolia, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 14. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 15. Wood of Cedrela toona, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 16. Wood of Premna bengalensis, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 17. Wood of Artocarpus chaplasha, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 18. Wood of Artocarpus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 19. Wood of Ulmus wallichiana, N. India, Paris Exhibition 1900 20. Wood of Diospyros kurzii , India, Paris Exhibition 1900 21. Wood of Hardwickia binata, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 22. Flowers of Heterotheca inuloides, Mexico, Paris Exhibition 1900 23. Leaves of Datura Stramonium, Paris Exhibition 1900 24. Plant of Mentha viridis, Paris Exhibition 1900 25. Plant of Monsonia ovata, S. -
Field Guide for Wild Flower Harvesting
FIELD GUIDE FOR WILD FLOWER HARVESTING 1 Contents Introducing the Field Guide for Wild Flower Harvesting 3 Glossary 4 Introducing The Field Guide Fynbos 6 for Wild Flower Harvesting What is fynbos? 7 The Cape Floral Kingdom 7 Many people in the Overberg earn a living from the region’s wild flowers, known as South African plants 8 fynbos. Some pick flowers for markets to sell, some remove invasive alien plants, and Threats to fynbos 8 others are involved in conservation and nature tourism. It is important that people The value of fynbos 9 who work in the veld know about fynbos plants. This Field Guide for Wild Flower Harvesting describes 41 of the most popular types of fynbos plants that are picked from Fynbos and fire 9 our region for the wild flower market. It also provides useful information to support Classification of plants 9 sustainable harvesting in particular and fynbos conservation in general. Naming of plants 10 Picking flowers has an effect or impact on the veld. If we are not careful, we can Market for fynbos 10 damage, or even kill, plants. So, before picking flowers, it is important to ask: Picking fynbos with care 11 • What can be picked? The Sustainable Harvesting Programme 12 • How much can be picked? • How should flowers be picked? The SHP Code of Best Practice for Wild Harvesters 12 Ten principles of good harvesting 13 This guide aims to help people understand: The Vulnerability Index and the Red Data List 13 • the differences between the many types of fynbos plants that grow in the veld; and Know how much fynbos you have 14 • which fynbos plants can be picked, and which are scarce and should rather be Fynbos plants of the Agulhas Plain and beyond 14 left in the veld. -
TC MF Working Document
Tokai Cecilia Management Framework: 1 INTRODUCTION . .2 1.1 Management ...................................................................... .2 1.2 Alien plant control . .2 1.3 Preparation after harvesting . .3 1.4 Fire management . .3 1.5 Restoration in terrestrial areas .................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Restoration in wetland and riparian areas ........................................................................... .6 1.7 Long-term planning for a restored vegetation network in Tokai . .7 1.8 Replanting . .8 TABLE 1. LIST OF INAPPROPRIATE ALIEN SPECIES AND SUGGESTED METHODS O F CONTROL. .9 TABLE 2. LIST OF LOCAL INDIGENOUS HIGHER PLANT SPECIES FOR TERRESTRIAL (SANDPLAIN & FOOTHILL) AND WETLAND/ RIPARIAN HABITATS IN T HE TOKAI AREA. .1 1 1 Tokai Cecilia Management Framework: 1 Introduction The following guidelines are applicable to restoration and rehabilitation initiatives of the sand-plain Fynbos in the lower Tokai area. The guidelines are based on: 1) Dr. Patricia M. Holmes, 2003. Management and Restoration Plan for an Area of Tokai Plantation East of Orpen Road and between the Two Car Park Areas. 2) Dr. Patricia M. Holmes, 2004. Management Plan for the Extension of the Core Cape Flats Flora Conservation Site in the Lower Tokai Forest. 3) De Villiers et al, 2005. Ecosystem Guidelines for Environmental Assessment in the Western Cape, 4) Forestry Industry Environmental Committee, 2002. Environmental Guidelines for Commercial Forestry Plantations in South Africa. 5) Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act (Act No. 43 of 1983). 6) National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998). 1.1 Management It should be appreciated that restoration is a process that does not happen in one step, but rather in several steps of recovery along a course of natural repair, with occasional interventions being required to redirect this trajectory along the desired path. -
PROTEA ATLAS Protea4.Pdf
Protea acuminata Sims Blackrim Sugarbush Sederbergroos Other Common Names: Cedarberg Sugarbush, Age to first flowering: First flowers recorded Cedarberg-rose Protea, Angelprotea, at 1 years, 50% estimated at 3-4 years, and Bergrosie, Bierbos. 100% recorded consistently at 9 years. Other Scientific Names: cedromontana Schltr. 1 g in 505 Records er w Population (497 records): 0.4% Abundant, 0.5 18% Common, 60% Frequent, 21% Rare, s flo 1% Extinct. % Site Dispersion (445 records): 64% variable, 0 0123456789101112 31% clumped, 3% widespread, 2% evenly Age (Years after fire) distributed. Height (489 records): 7% 0-0.2 m tall, Flowering (488 records with: Jan 21, Feb 54, 70% 0.2-1 m tall, 22% 1-2 m tall. Mar 87, Apr 23, May 24, Jun 40, Jul 3, Aug Pollinators (6 records): 67% bees or wasps, 34, Sep 33, Oct 81, Nov 66, Dec 22): Buds 17% birds, 17% beetles. from Feb to May and Sep; Flowering from Detailed Pollinators (3 records): Honey Bee. Jun to Aug; Peak Flowering not significant; Over from Jul and Dec; Fruit from Sep to Habitat: Feb; Nothing from Mar to Apr. Peak levels Distance to Ocean (495 records): 100% inland at 83% in Jun. Historically recorded as 2320 - further than 2 km from Altitude (m) flowering from Jun to Sep, peaking Jul to coast. 2120 Aug. Altitude (495 records): 60 - 1920 1660 m; 760 lq - 960 med - 1720 1140 uqm. 1520 1320 Landform (488 records): 1120 72% deep soil, 920 22% shallow soil, 6% rocky 620 outcrops. 420 Slope (492 records): 220 56% gentle incline, 20 25% steep incline, 0 0.05 0.1 11% platform, 5% hill top, 2% valley JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN bottom. -
Rife What Seeds Are to the Earth
1'ou say you donJt 6efieve? Wfiat do you caffit when you sow a tiny seedandare convincedthat a pfant wiffgrow? - Elizabeth York- Contents Abstract . , .. vii Declaration .. ,,., , ,........... .. ix Acknowledgements ,, ,, , .. , x Publications from this Thesis ,, , ", .. ,., , xii Patents from this Thesis ,,,'' ,, .. ',. xii Conference Contributions ' xiii Related Publications .................................................... .. xiv List of Figures , xv List of Tables , ,,,. xviii List of Abbreviations ,,, ,, ,,, ,. xix 1 Introduction ,,,, 1 1.1 SMOKE AS A GERMINATION CUE .. ,,,, .. ,,,,, .. , .. , , . , 1 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES , '.. , , . 1 1.3 GENERAL OVERVIEW ,, " , .. , .. , 2 2 Literature Review ,",,,,", 4 2.1 THE ROLE OF FIRE IN SEED GERMINATION .. ,,,,.,,,,. ,4 2.1.1 Fire in mediterranean-type regions ', .. ,, , , 4 2,1.2 Post-fire regeneration. ,,,, .. , , . , , , , 5 2,1.3 Effects of fire on germination .,,, , , . 7 2,1,3.1 Physical effects of fire on germination .. ,," .. ,.,. 8 2.1,3.2 Chemical effects of fire on germination ., ,, .. ,., 11 2.2 GERMINATION RESPONSES TO SMOKE., , '" ., , 16 2.2.1 The discovery of smoke as a germination cue, ,,., .. , , .. ,, 16 2.2.2 Studies on South African species. ,.,, .. , ,,,,., 17 2.2,3 Studies on Australian species "",., ,"," ".,." 20 2.2.4 StUdies on species from other regions. , ,,.,, 22 2.2.5 Responses of vegetable seeds ., .. ' .. , ,', , , 23 2.2.6 Responses of weed species .. ,,,.,, 24 2.2.7 General comments and considerations ., .. ,,, .. , .. ,,, 25 2.2.7.1 Concentration effects .. ,", ,., 25 2.2.7.2 Experimental considerations ,,,,,,, 26 2.2,7.3 Physiological and environmental effects ,,, .. ,, 27 2.2.8 The interaction of smoke and heat, ,, ,,,,,,, 29 \ 2.3 SOURCES OF SMOKE ., , .. , .. ,, .. ,., .. ,, 35 2.3,1 Chemical components of smoke ,, .. " ,, 35 iii Contents 2.3.2 Methods of smoke treatments 36 2.3.2.1 Aerosol smoke and smoked media . -
Biodiversity Fact Sheets: Threatened Species
Biodiversity Fact Sheets: Threatened Species * Supplementary document to a series of 8 biodiversity fact sheets* RED LIST PLANTS Critically Endangered (CR) Afrolimon purpuratum CR Aristea ericifolia erecta CR Arctotheca forbesiana CR Aspalathus aculeata CR Aspalathus horizontalis CR Aspalathus rycroftii CR Babiana leipoldtii CR Babiana regia CR Babiana secunda CR Cadiscus aquaticus CR Cephalophyllum parviflorum CR Chrysocoma esterhuyseniae CR Cliffortia acockii CR Cotula myriophylloides CR Cyclopia latifolia CR Diastella proteoides CR Disa barbata CR Disa nubigena CR Disa physodes CR Disa sabulosa CR Erica abietina diabolis CR Erica bolusiae bolusiae CR Erica heleogena CR Erica malmesburiensis CR Erica margaritacea CR Erica ribisaria CR Erica sociorum CR Erica ustulescens CR Erica vallis‐aranearum CR Geissorhiza eurystigma CR Geissorhiza malmesburiensis CR Geissorhiza purpurascens CR Gladiolus aureus CR Gladiolus griseus CR Hermannia procumbens procumbens CR Holothrix longicornu CR Ixia versicolor CR Lachenalia arbuthnotiae CR Lachenalia purpureo ‐caerulea CR Lampranthus tenuifolius CR Leucadendron floridum CR Leucadendron lanigerum laevigatum CR Leucadendron levisanus CR Leucadendron macowanii CR Leucadendron stellare CR Leucadendron thymifolium CR Leucadendron verticillatum CR Marasmodes oligocephala CR Marasmodes polycephala CR Metalasia distans CR Mimetes hottentoticus CR Moraea angulata CR Moraea aristata CR Muraltia satureioides salteri CR Oxalis natans CR Podalyria microphylla CR Polycarena silenoides CR Protea odorata CR Psoralea -
NUMBERED TREE SPECIES LIST in SOUTH AFRICA CYATHEACEAE 1 Cyathea Dregei 2 Cyathea Capensis Var. Capensis ZAMIACEAE 3 Encephalart
NUMBERED TREE SPECIES LIST IN SOUTH AFRICA 23 Hyphaene coriacea CYATHEACEAE 24 Hyphaene petersiana 1 Cyathea dregei 25 Borassus aethiopum 2 Cyathea capensis var. capensis 26 Raphia australis 27 Jubaeopsis caffra ZAMIACEAE 3 Encephalartos altensteinii ASPHODELACEAE 3.1 Encephalartos eugene-maraisii 28 Aloe barberae 3.2 Encephalartos arenarius 28.1 Aloe arborescens 3.3 Encephalartos brevifoliolatus 28.2 Aloe africana 3.4 Encephalartos ferox 28.3 Aloe alooides 4 Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi 28.4 Aloe angelica 5 Encephalartos ghellinckii 28.5 Aloe candelabrum 5.1 Encephalartos inopinus 28.6 Aloe castanea 5.2 Encephalartos lanatus 28.7 Aloe comosa 6 Encephalartos laevifolius 28.8 Aloe excelsa var. excelsa 7 Encephalartos latifrons 29 Aloe dichotoma 8 Encephalartos senticosus 29.1 Aloe dolomitica 8.1 Encephalartos lehmannii 29.2 Aloe ferox 9 Encephalartos longifolius 29.3 Aloe khamiesensis 10 Encephalartos natalensis 29.4 Aloe littoralis 11 Encephalartos paucidentatus 29.5 Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii 12 Encephalartos princeps 29.6 Aloe plicatilis 12.5 Encephalartos relictus 29.7 Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis 13 Encephalartos transvenosus 30 Aloe pillansii 14 Encephalartos woodii 30.1 Aloe pluridens 14.1 Encephalartos heenanii 30.2 Aloe ramosissima 14.2 Encephalartos dyerianus 30.3 Aloe rupestris 14.3 Encephalartos middelburgensis 30.4 Aloe spicata 14.4 Encephalartos dolomiticus 30.5 Aloe speciosa 14.5 Encephalartos aemulans 30.6 Aloe spectabilis 14.6 Encephalartos hirsutus 30.7 Aloe thraskii 14.7 Encephalartos msinganus 14.8 Encephalartos -
CREW Newsletter – 2021
Volume 17 • July 2021 Editorial 2020 By Suvarna Parbhoo-Mohan (CREW Programme manager) and Domitilla Raimondo (SANBI Threatened Species Programme manager) May there be peace in the heavenly virtual platforms that have marched, uninvited, into region and the atmosphere; may peace our homes and kept us connected with each other reign on the earth; let there be coolness and our network of volunteers. in the water; may the medicinal herbs be healing; the plants be peace-giving; may The Custodians of Rare and Endangered there be harmony in the celestial objects Wildflowers (CREW), is a programme that and perfection in eternal knowledge; may involves volunteers from the public in the everything in the universe be peaceful; let monitoring and conservation of South peace pervade everywhere. May peace abide Africa’s threatened plants. CREW aims to in me. May there be peace, peace, peace! capacitate a network of volunteers from a range of socio-economic backgrounds – Hymn of peace adopted to monitor and conserve South Africa’s from Yajur Veda 36:17 threatened plant species. The programme links volunteers with their local conservation e are all aware that our lives changed from the Wend of March 2020 with a range of emotions, agencies and particularly with local land from being anxious of not knowing what to expect, stewardship initiatives to ensure the to being distressed upon hearing about friends and conservation of key sites for threatened plant family being ill, and sometimes their passing. De- species. Funded jointly by the Botanical spite the incredible hardships, we have somehow Society of South Africa (BotSoc), the Mapula adapted to the so-called new normal of living during Trust and the South African National a pandemic and are grateful for the commitment of the CREW network to continue conserving and pro- Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), CREW is an tecting our plant taxa of conservation concern. -
The Wind Garden
RIGHT: Leucospermum cuneiform on a spring morning. Photo: C. Emily Dibb. Garden In• the Wind by C. Emily Dibb An inspirational garden combines the wild spirit of the fynbos with the traditional English garden. When I was a child in what was then Matabeleland, it was nine months of the year when there was no rain, this part considered eccentric to have an indigenous garden. A garden, of the garden remained bone-dry. Water from the well was by definition, meant a place where the indigenous vegetation used for the orchard and vegetable beds. Beyond the garden had been swept away to make space for 'real flowers' and was the veld, the waving assegai grass and an infinity of lit vegetables. My notions of what constituted a garden were tle highveld trees, many deliciously laden with edible fruit: formed by my grandmothers, who typified the two kinds of monkey orange and donkey berry, wild fig and sweet thorn, gardening that prevailed in Bulawayo in the first half of the wild gardenia, snot apple and sour plum. As a child, I made Twentieth Century. Granny Wightman married at seventeen no distinction between 'the garden' and 'the veld', it was all and trekked by wagon from Kimberley to the tiny settlement part of Granny Greenfield's garden. of Bulawayo. What she craved in this desolation of heat and I have Granny Wightman's adoration of the soft sweet dust were flowers, and her small garden in Abercorn Street scented things of the flower garden, but I continue to revel was a fragrant smother of soft sweet things. -
Plants for Windy, Sandy Gardens with Alkaline Soil
Plants suited to Strandveld Gardens and Cape Flats Gardens, with windy, sandy conditions and alkaline (or acidic) soil. (plants that do well in alkaline soil will also grow in acidic soil, but plants that need acidic soil will not grow in alkaline soil) Plants listed are water-wise in the Western Cape, i.e. needing little or no additional water during summer, once established. Proteaceae Protea subulifolia Adenandra gummifera Diastella proteoides Protea susannae Adenandra obtusata Leucadendron coniferum Serruria adscendens Adenandra odoratissima Leucadendron flexuosum Serruria aemula Adenandra rotundifolia Leucadendron floridum Serruria brownii Agathosma ‘San Sebastian’ Leucadendron galpinii Serruria furcellata Agathosma apiculata Leucadendron laureolum Serruria glomerata Agathosma cerefolium Leucadendron laxum Serruria nervosa Agathosma ciliaris Leucadendron levisanus Serruria pinnata Agathosma collina Leucadendron linifolium Serruria trilopha Agathosma glabrata Leucadendron meridianum Agathosma gonaquensis Leucadendron modestum Ericaceae Agathosma imbricata Leucadendron salicifolium Erica abietina Agathosma ovata Leucadendron salignum Erica baueri Agathosma serpyllacea Leucadendron stellare Erica bolusiae Coleonema pulchellum Leucadendron stelligerum Erica caffra Diosma haelkraalensis Leucadendron thymifolium Erica calycina Diosma hirsuta Leucadendron verticillatum Erica capitata Euchaetis meridionalis Leucospermum ‘Thomson’s Erica cerinthoides Gift’ Erica coccinea Restios Leucospermum arenarium Erica corifolia Askidiosperma capitatum