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Xvrm 1988 1 Dig.Pdf (12.51Mt) Tilastokeskus J f c SVT Väestö 1988:1 StatistikcentralenT^ Befolkning Central Statistical Population Office of Finland Kuolleisuus- ja eloonjäämistauluja kuolemansyiden mukaan Dödlighets- och livslängdstabeller enligt dödsorsaker Life Tables by Causes of Death 1981-85 Tilastokeskus ^fk, Väestö 1988:1 Statistikcentralen T fF Befolkning Central Statistlcal Population Office of Finland Kuolleisuus- ja eloonjäämistauluja kuolemansyiden mukaan Dödlighets- och livslängdstabeller enligt dödsorsaker Life Tables by Causes of Death 1981-85 30.6.1988 Helsinki - Helsingfors 1988 Tiedustelut - Förfrägningar: Risto Kolari (90) 58 001 Elokuusta 1988 lähtien (90) 17 341 Kansikuva: Mikko Nurmi Helsinki 1988 Malminkartanon Monistuspiste/Ässäsitojat Ky ISSN 0784-8447 = Väestö ISBN 951-47-1541-1 3 SISÄLLYS Sivu INNEHALL Sida CONTENTS Page Teksti - Text - Text 1. Johdanto .................................................... 5 2. Laskentamenetelmä .......................................... 5 3. Tulosten luotettavuudesta .................................. 8 4. Tuloksia .................................................... 18 4.1. Kokonaiskuolleisuus ........................... 18 4.1.1. Koko väestö ........................ *.......... 18 4.1.2. Siviilisääty jakuolemansyyt ................... 34 4.1.3. Kuolleisuus lääneittäin ....................... 38 4.2. Kuolleisuus iän mukaan ............................ 40 Sammanfattning .............................................. 44 Summary .......................................................... 48 Liiteosa - Bilaga - Appendix Käytetty kuolemansyy!uokitus Den använda klassifikationen av dödsorsaker Classification of causes of death used ........................ 54 Käytetyt lyhenteet Använda förkortningar Abbreviations used ............................................ 58 Taulut 1-16 Tabellerna 1-16 Tables 1 - 16 .................................................. 62 4 KUVIO 1. SUOMEN LÄÄNIT FIGUR 1. FINLANDS LÄN FIGURE 1. PROVINCES OF FINLAND 1 = Uudenmaan 1. Nylands 1. 2 = Turun-Porin 1. Äbo-Björneborgs 1. 3 = Ahvenanmaa Äland 4 = Hämeen 1. Tavastehus 1. 5 = Kymen 1. Kymmene 1. 6 = Mikkelin 1. S:t Michels 1. 7 = Pohjois-Karjalan 1. Norra-Karelens 1. 8 = Kuopion 1. Kuopio 1. 9 = Keski-Suomen 1. Mellersta Finlands 1. 10 = Vaasan 1. Vasa 1. 11 = Oulun 1. Uleäborgs 1. 12 = Lapin 1. Lapplands 1. 1 5 1. JOHDANTO Tilastokeskus on julkaissut kuolleisuus- ja eloonjäämistauluja säännöllisesti tämän vuosisadan alusta lähtien, ensin kymmenvuotis- kausittain ja ajanjaksosta 1931-35 alkaen viisivuotiskausittain. Kuolemansyykohtaisesti on kuolleisuus- ja eloonjäämistauluja laskettu viisivuotiskausilta 1971-75 ja 1976-80, ja siten ohessa julkaistavat kuolleisuustaulut merkitsevät jatkoa ko. määräaikais- laskelmien sarjassa. Laskelmat suoritettiin tällä kertaa paitsi lääneittäin myös siviili­ säädyn mukaan. Läänikohtaisissa laskelmissa käytettiin samanlaista kuolemansyy!uokitusta kuin aikaisemmin, mutta siviilisäätyryhmittäin tehdyssä laskelmassa kuolemansyyluokitus on äsken mainittua jonkin verran laajempi. Ikä!uokituksesta todettakoon, että laskelmien alku­ vaiheessa sovellettu ositusmenettely tapahtui 5-vuotisikäryhmittäin, mutta varsinaisissa tulosteissa on käytetty 10-vuotisikäryhmitystä - poikkeuksena kuitenkin ikäryhmä 0-4-vuotiaat. Laskelmissa käytetty kuolemansyyluokitus sekä luettelo käytetyistä lyhenteistä on esitetty liiteosan alussa. Laskentamenetelmä, jota ensiksi käytettiin kuolleisuutta koskevassa erityisselvityksessä (Tutkimuksia Nro 41, 1977), on lyhyesti selostettu seuraavassa kohdassa. 2. LASKENTAMENETELMÄSTÄ Laskentamenetelmä on yksinkertaistaen määriteltävissä siten, että normaaliin tapaan laskettuja kuolleisuus- ja eloonjäämistauluja laajennetaan ottamalla yksi kvalitatiivinen muuttuja (kuolemansyy) lisää. Tällöin voidaan soveltaa ositusmenettelyä, joka merkitsee sitä, että kuolemanvaara!uvut qx tai kuolintodennäköisyydet dx jaetaan kussakin ikäryhmässä kuolemansyykohtaisiin osittaiskertoi- miin käyttämällä ositussuhdelukuina kuolemansyytilaston vastaavia kuolemantapausten lukumääriä sellaisinaan. Osittaminen perustuu siihen tosiasiaan, että kuolemansyytilasto laaditaan peruskuoleman- syyn mukaan, jolloin kuolemansyyt ovat toisensa poissulkevia. Samalla tästä seuraa, että useat kuolemansyykohtaisesti lasketuista suureista ovat additiivisia kunkin ikäryhmän puitteissa. 6 Normaaliin tapaan laskettu kuolemanvaara iässä x voidaan ajatella kuolemansyykohtaisten osittaiskertoimien summana (1) dx = Qlx + Q2x + ••• s ^Qcx (c=1,2, ...) missä luokitus kuolemansyiden c mukaan on oletettava aukottomaksi. Vastaavasti voidaan kuolintodennäköisyys merkitä lausekkeena (2) dx = dix + d2 x + ••• = 21 dcx (c=l,2,...) missä kutakin kuolemansyytä c vastaavat osittaissuureet saadaan vastaavia perustilaston lukuja d'cx käyttäen kaavasta (3) dcx = — ---* dx (D'x = Zd'cx) (c=l,2,...) D 'ex Ikäryhmän x osittaiskuolemanvaara jonkin kuolemansyyn c suhteen on drx (4) qcx -------- lx mikä merkitsee todennäköisyyttä kuolla iässä x ( tai ikäinterval- lissa x ) kuolemansyyn c johdosta ehdolla, että on elossa ikävuoden x alussa. Kuolemansyykohtaiset eloonjäämisluvut saadaan summaamalla kuolin- todennäköisyydet ikäryhmittäin (5) lcx = 2 d cx (x = x, x+1, ..., w), jolloin w on korkein todettu ikävuosi. Näin lasketut eloonjäämisluvut ovat additiivisia (6) I l cx = lx (c=l,2,...), jolloin erityisesti (7) I l co = 10 = 1 (c=l,2,...) 7 Suureita lc0 voidaan pitää kiinnostavina mittalukuina siksi, että ne kuvaavat eri kuolemansyiden suhteellista osuutta kokonaiskuollei­ suudesta. Kuolemansyytä c vastaava stationaarinen väestö iässä x saadaan, kun ikäinterval1 in leveys on h, käyttämällä kaavaa (8) tcx = j *(lcx + !c:x+h) joka useimpien kuolemansyiden suhteen soveltuu kaikissa ikäryhmissä. Edellistä vastaava kertymäsuure eli x vuotta täyttäneiden statio­ naarinen väestö kuolemansyyn c suhteen on (9) Tcx = Z t cx (x = x, x+1, ... , w ) Toisin sanottuna tämä suure ilmaisee iästä x lähtien elettävänä olevien ikävuosien määrän kuolemansyyn c osalta. Edellä mainituille mittaluvuille on ominaista, että ne ovat kunkin ikäryhmän puitteissa additiivisia. Keskimääräinen jäljelläoleva elinaika ei sitä vastoin noudata sanottua sääntöä. Jos ikäinter- vallin järjestystunnus on i ja intervallin painopiste ikävuosissa laskettuna x^, niin kuolemansyytä c vastaava keskimääräinen jäl­ jelläoleva elinaika ikävuoden x alussa on X xi * dci Tcx (10) ecx = -------------- — x = ------- (i = x, x+h,..., w) Tcx lex Suure ecx on siis jakauman dcx aritmeettinen keskiarvo iästä x ylöspäin laskettuna. Suure eco on käyttökelpoinen yleismittalukuna siitä syystä, että se ilmaisee, missä iässä keskimäärin minkin kuolemansyyn johdosta kuollaan. Tämä suure (tai sen käänteisluku l/eCo) ei kuitenkaan kuvaa kokonaiskuolleisuuden tasoa muuten kuin ominaiskertoimena eli sillä edellytyksellä, että muut kuolemansyyt kuin c jätetään huomioon ottamatta. 8 Kaavassa (4) määritellyn osittaiskuolemanvaaran lisäksi voitaisiin määritellä myös ominaiskuolemanvaara dp y (11) qcx - ----- ^cx joka ei ole additiivinen ja joka ilmaisee kuolemansyyn c aiheuttaman riskin edellyttäen, että muut kuolemansyyt on poissuljettu. Näin määritelty riskiluku ei ole kuitenkaan yhtä käyttökelpoinen kuin osittaiskuolemanvaara erityisesti ajatellen riskiväestön määrit­ telyä. Sen vuoksi tässä julkaisussa esitetyt kuolemanvaara!uvut on laskettu osittaiskertoimina (4). Yleistä kuolleisuuslukua vastaava kuolemansyykohtainen mittaluku on eo joka ilmaisee, kuinka suuri osa koko väestöstä kuolee vuosittain kuolemansyyn c johdosta edellyttäen, että väestö olisi stationaa- rinen. Tämä suure on additiivinen, sillä kaikkien kuolemansyiden suhteen laskettu yleinen kuolleisuusluku on (13) k = Il<c (c = 1,2,...) Kaavassa (12) nimittäjänä oleva suure e0 on elävänä syntyneen keski­ määräinen jäljelläoleva elinaika normaaliin tapaan ts. kaikkien kuolemansyiden suhteen yhteisesti laskettuna. 3. TULOSTEN LUOTETTAVUUDESTA Eräs tapa tehdä päätelmiä tulosten luotettavuudesta on käyttää mittalukuna kuolemanvaaraluvun keskivirhettä tai sen avulla saatua suuretta s(qCx) / 1-Qcx (14) v(q) = _______ = /_______ qcx V d'cx jota voisi nimittää suhteelliseksi keskivirheeksi. Tämän suureen vaihtelualue on nollan ja yhden välillä, ja sadalla kerrottuna se ilmaisee virheen suuruuden prosentteina. Kuvio 2. Kokonaiskuolleisuus (l/e0) promilleina sukupuolen mukaan lääneittäin 1981-85 Figur 2. Totaldödlighet (l/e0) i promille en 1igt kön länsvis 1981-85 Figure 2. Total mortality (l/e0) per thousand by sex and province 1981-85 9 13 13 t-0 0961 333i HX aiv/m XiV/XLA 10 11 £ n a a n J2-rO-8SBl 915! »1V/11A länsvis 1981-85 °!ao Figure 4. Figure 4. Mortality K(c) due to diseases of the circulatory system per (VII) 1000 by province 1981-85 Figur Figur 4. Oodiighet K(c) cirkulationsorganensi sjukdomar (VII) Kuvio 4. Verenkiertoelinten sairauksien aiheuttama (VII) K(c) kuolleisuus 7 „ lääneittäin 1981-85 IZ-1-0-9B6I 90» S J .V /.U A 12 • Am • <T3 :<on §•* O • >> o fö r-* O CM CL. CD 4- Figure 5. Figure 5. Mortality by province (Kc ) and by the cause of death categories and VII II 1981-85 in Figur Figur 5. Dödlighet länsvis (Kc) enligt dödsorsakskategorierna och VII II ären 1981-85 Kuvio 5. Kuolleisuus lääneittäin (Kc) kuolemansyyryhmien ja mukaan II VII ajalta 1981-85 O o LO o r-» co r*v 13 12-V0-BHÖI SIS MiV/XlA •r- ;rO «T3 Figure 6. Figure 6. Mortality K malignantdue (c) to neoplasm of stomach per (11/047) 1000 provinceby 1981-85 Figur Figur 6. malign magsäcki tumör i Dödlighet(11/047) länsvis 0/oo (C(c) 1981-85 Kuvio 6. Mahalaukun0pahanl. kasvaimen
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