Issues Affecting Education and Training in Sparsely Populated Areas Issues Affecting Education and Training in Sparsely Populated Areas
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© LSC May 2003 Published by the Learning and Skills Council. Extracts from this publication may be reproduced for non-commercial, educational or training purposes on condition that the source is acknowledged and the findings are not misrepresented. This publication is available in an electronic form on the Council’s website: www.lsc.gov.uk Publication enquiries: 0870 900 8600 Reference MISC/0614/03 Evaluation and Good Practice Team PHOTO REDACTED DUE TO THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR OTHER LEGAL ISSUES PHOTO REDACTED DUE TO THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR OTHER LEGAL ISSUES PHOTO REDACTED DUE TO THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR OTHER LEGAL ISSUES PHOTO REDACTED DUE TO THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR OTHER LEGAL ISSUES PHOTO REDACTED DUE TO THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR OTHER LEGAL ISSUES PHOTO REDACTED DUE TO THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR OTHER LEGAL ISSUES PHOTO REDACTED DUE TO THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR OTHER LEGAL ISSUES Issues Affecting Education and Training in Sparsely Populated Areas Issues Affecting Education and Training in Sparsely Populated Areas Contents Foreword 3 Executive summary 4 Part 1 Introduction 8 Project aims 9 Policy context and developments 9 Research method 11 Part 2 Barriers to Education and Training 13 Barriers faced by colleges and providers 14 Barriers for learners 20 Part 3 Overcoming Barriers 24 Engagement of learners 25 Helping people to learn 26 Accessibility of provision 29 Part 4 Recommendations for Further Research 32 Annexes 35 A: Consultees 36 B: Bibliography 38 C: Case studies – profiles and initiatives 40 2 Issues Affecting Education and Training in Sparsely Populated Areas Foreword The Learning and Skills Council (LSC) is concerned that issues for colleges and providers, and learners, in sparsely populated areas are identified and taken into account in developing and implementing policy and strategy. The LSC has established a Rural Issues Task Group comprising executive directors, chairs and members of local Learning and Skills Councils (local LSCs). This group will advise the LSC on rural issues and will engage in discussions with a number of key external partners to make sure that related LSC developments are informed by the wider rural agenda. This research undertaken by GHK Consulting is useful in highlighting the views of some colleges and other providers and learners in sparsely populated areas. This document is the full research report and does not represent the LSC view on any issues raised. The Rural Issues Task Group and other groups within the Council will take the outcomes of the research into account in taking the rural agenda forward. 3 Issues Affecting Education and Training in Sparsely Populated Areas Executive Summary The Learning and Skills Council (LSC) in sparsely populated areas. The group commissioned GHK Consulting to undertake identified six local LSC areas where a research project to identify issues further investigations might be carried affecting education and training in sparsely out. These are: populated areas. ● Cumbria; ● Derbyshire; This research links closely to the Study of ● Devon and Cornwall; Area Costs, undertaken by Frontier ● Norfolk; Economics (2002), which developed ● North Yorkshire; and measures to identify sparsity based on the ● Shropshire. electronic mapping of each college, and analysed each college’s provision in terms Selected colleges and providers in these of its breadth and costs. This study defined areas were interviewed to find out more a sparsely populated area as one where the about successful strategies for overcoming average number of persons per hectare was barriers to participation in education and fewer than one. training. The views of learners were collected through focus groups or one-to- one discussions. Interviews took place with Aims of the project all parties involved in the development and/or provision of education and training, The project aims to identify: including local LSC representatives. ● barriers preventing colleges and providers in sparsely populated areas To a large extent, the research findings from offering broad and inclusive reflect the perceptions and opinions of education and training; those who were interviewed. The purpose ● barriers to participation in education and of the project is to explore the issues, not training faced by learners in sparsely to evaluate the strategies highlighted. populated areas; ● barriers to participation in education and training faced by persons from specific Barriers for providers groups, such as those with disabilities or who are from minority ethnic Table 1 shows the key issues and barriers communities; and affecting colleges and providers in sparsely ● good practice in overcoming such barriers. populated areas. Although these issues are problematic, Method of approach some may have advantageous consequences for learners. For example, The research draws on the findings of a staffing costs may be high because there is review of existing literature on barriers to often low staff turnover in sparsely education and training in sparsely populated populated areas, but learners may then areas and strategies to overcome them, benefit from a stable and experienced undertaken by the LSC early in 2002. workforce. Many learners enjoy being in Some information has also been provided small classes. Participation, retention and by the LSC Rurality and Sparsity Executive achievement rates are often high in sparsely Directors Group, which has identified populated areas and these may be partly initiatives for addressing issues related attributable to the small size of many to the provision of education and training classes and the low staff turnover. 4 Issues Affecting Education and Training in Sparsely Populated Areas Barriers for potential learners Good practice in overcoming the barriers There are two key issues affecting learners in sparsely populated areas. The first is the Collaboration and partnership range of provision. Many learners consider that the range of providers and courses Collaboration between providers is one available to them is narrow. The second important means of making provision more is transport. It is essential for learners to widely available but can be expensive in have an affordable means of transport to terms of time and money. allow them to get to and from providers’ premises. Learners who benefit from a good A key challenge facing colleges and local transport system or who have their providers in sparsely populated areas is own means of transport usually find the finding ways of achieving efficiency through course they want by travelling further afield. collaboration and partnership. Through collaboration, colleges and providers may be Transport is a key issue for learners with able to: disabilities in sparsely populated areas. ● offer provision in specialist areas to meet Appropriate transport for these learners local demand; can be hard to find and expensive. No ● fill gaps in their curriculum; significant issues from minority ethnic ● make the best use of resources; groups were identified, but in the areas ● share expertise; covered by the project, the number of ● achieve viability in learner numbers; persons from such groups were small. ● share costs, including those for management, staff, premises, equipment and the implementation of the curriculum; Key issue Barrier Low number of A sparse population usually results in low learner numbers and small class sizes potential learners which means that running some courses is not economically viable. Sole-provider role Colleges and providers are usually a long way from any other colleges and providers, and are expected to offer a broad, diverse and inclusive curriculum. Many colleges and providers are asking for a definition of such a curriculum. Costs of provision In sparsely populated areas, many courses are uneconomic to run. Transport The lack or high cost of transport. Sparsely distributed Providers in sparsely populated areas have particular problems recruiting work small- to medium- based learners because employers are sparsely distributed and their workforces sized employers tend to be small. Visibility of learners In small communities, it is particularly difficult to reach those who need help with who need help with their basic skills owing to concerns that they will be identified and experience their basic skills prejudice from others. Table 1: Key issues and barriers affecting providers of education and training in sparsely populated areas. 5 Issues Affecting Education and Training in Sparsely Populated Areas ● offer staff more challenging and their home. The establishment of a responsible management positions; broadband network makes it quicker and ● increase the range of provision, more convenient for colleges and providers particularly for basic skills and work to communicate with each other based learning programmes; electronically and makes sharing resources ● take a strategic overview of provision; through e-mail more feasible. ● establish close links with learners in primary and secondary schools, adult To be of maximum benefit to learners, it is learning and community centres, essential that both software and hardware employers’ premises, pubs and are of good quality and learning materials churches; and are appropriate and meet learners’ needs. ● facilitate progression of learners from schools to further education (FE) and Through e-learning, learners can study on higher education (HE). their own at a distance, using CD-ROMs, laptops and other portable devices. It is Identifying need important for learners to have readily available access to sources of information,