1 Curriculum Vitae Myles W. Jackson March 2017
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STEVEN SHAPIN Place of Birth
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: STEVEN SHAPIN Place of Birth: New York, NY Nationality: U.S.A. Education: (i) 1961-1966: Reed College, Portland, Oregon: B.A. (Major subject: Biology). (ii) 1966-1967: University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin: Post-graduate study in Department of Genetics. (iii) 1968-1971: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: M.A., Ph.D. in History & Sociology of Science: Thesis: “The Royal Society of Edinburgh: A Study of the Social Context of Hanoverian Science.” Academic Employment: (i) 1972: Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire: Visiting Research Fellow in History of Science. (ii) 1973-1988: Edinburgh University, Science Studies Unit: Lecturer in Science Studies. (iii) 1988-1989: 1 Edinburgh University, Science Studies Unit: Reader in Science Studies. (iv) 1979 (summer): University of Pennsylvania, Department of History & Sociology of Science: Visiting Professor, teaching postgraduate course on sociological methods in history of science. (v) 1979-1980: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow: Visiting Fellow in Department of History & Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania. (vi) 1986 (spring): Simon P. Silverman Distinguished Visiting Professor, Institute for the History & Philosophy of Science & Ideas, Tel-Aviv University. (vii) 1996-1997: Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA. (viii) 2001 (Fall Semester): Visiting Professor, Department of the History of Science, Harvard University. (ix) 1989-2003: Professor of Sociology, University of California, San Diego (1994-98: also Adjunct Professor of History). (x) 2004- : Franklin L. Ford Professor of the History of Science, Harvard University. (xi) January-May 2012: Visiting Professor of History at Columbia University. 2 (xii) May-June 2012: S. T. Lee Visiting Research Professorship in School of Advanced Study, University of London (May-June 2012). -
LD5655.V855 1993.C655.Pdf (11.60Mb)
SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE, SOCIOLOGICALT HEORY, AND THE STRUCTURE OF RHETORIC by James H. Collier Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Science and Technology Studies APPROVED: Y— Joseph C. Pitt, Chair Aone ble EtaaT hone, Steve Fuller Elisworth Fuhrman April, 1993 Blacksburg, VA LD S635 VE5S , DaQa cose} aM’~ Scientific Discourse, Sociological Theory, and the Structure of Rhetoric James H. Collier Graduate Program in Science and Technology Studies Chair: Joseph C. Pitt (ABSTRACT) This thesis examines the rhetorical, analytical and critical efficacy of reflexivity and sociological theory as means for reconciling the normative and descriptive functions of the rhetoric of science. In attempting to define a separate research domain within Science Studies, rhetoric of science has borrowed Strong Program and constructivist principles and descriptions of scientific practice from the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (SSK) as a basis for analyzing scientific discourse. While epistemological claims in the social sciences have been considered inherently self-referential and subject to reflexive analysis and critique, rhetoricians have generally taken these claims on face value and applied them to a treatment of scientific practice. Accordingly, rhetoricians have maintained a natural ontological attitude to sociological theories and descriptions supporting an understanding of scientific discourse as implicitly rhetorical. Recently, however, the concept of "rhetoric" in rhetoric of science has come under scrutiny. This thesis will connect arguments involving the relation of the "irreducibly social" nature of science, to a concept of scientific discourse as rhetorical "without remainder,” to the philosophical commitments of reflexive analysis. -
Annualreport2018-19.Pdf
Consortium for History of Science, Technology and Medicine Annual Report 2018-2019 CONSORTIUM FOR HISTORY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE As I step down after six years as Chair of the Board, I want to take the opportunity to reflect on the honor of serving the Consortium during this time of tremendous change. In my time as chair, we chose a new name to reflect our new reach and geographical range (though admittedly many still called us PACHS for a while….). We gained new institutional members including professional societies. We engaged new donors and created new fellowships. We matched our NEH Challenge Grant and established an endowment. And we expanded our public outreach in novel and promising ways. Those are just a few of the highlights. It has been a time of recurring and spirited discussions relating to size, goals, outreach, membership, fees, budgets, advocacy, and leadership. It has been a time of thinking strategically about the future of this institution, which is increasingly seen as central to our academic field. Many years ago Marty Levitt, who more or less singlehandedly dreamed up the idea of PACHS, pointed out to me that there were people in institutions across Philadelphia who had profound stakes in the history of science, medicine and technology, with whom I probably never interacted. We all worked within a few miles of each other, and all cared deeply about museums, archives, collections and scholarship in the history of science, technology and medicine. He thought it was time for us to start working together to build and support the field. -
Environmental History] Orosz, Joel
Amrys O. Williams Science in America Preliminary Exam Reading List, 2008 Supervised by Gregg Mitman Classics, Overviews, and Syntheses Robert Bruce, The Launching of Modern American Science, 1846-1876 (New York: Knopf, 1987). George H. Daniels, American Science in the Age of Jackson (New York: Columbia University Press, 1968). ————, Science in American Society (New York: Knopf, 1971). Sally Gregory Kohlstedt and Margaret Rossiter (eds.), Historical Writing on American Science (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985). Ronald L. Numbers and Charles Rosenberg (eds.), The Scientific Enterprise in America: Readings from Isis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). Nathan Reingold, Science, American Style. (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1991). Charles Rosenberg, No Other Gods: On Science and American Social Thought (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976). Science in the Colonies Joyce Chaplin, Subject Matter: Technology, the Body, and Science on the Anglo- American Frontier, 1500-1676 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001). [crosslisted with History of Technology] John C. Greene, American Science in the Age of Jefferson (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1984). Katalin Harkányi, The Natural Sciences and American Scientists in the Revolutionary Era (New York: Greenwood Press, 1990). Brooke Hindle, The Pursuit of Science in Revolutionary America, 1735-1789. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1956). Judith A. McGaw, Early American Technology: Making and Doing Things from the Colonial Era to 1850 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1994). [crosslisted with History of Technology] Elizabeth Wagner Reed, American Women in Science Before the Civil War (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992). -
Teratology Transformed: Uncertainty, Knowledge, and Cjonflict Over Environmental Etiologies of Birth Defects in Midcentury America
Teratology Transformed: Uncertainty, Knowledge, and CJonflict over Environmental Etiologies of Birth Defects in Midcentury America TV Heather A. Dron DISSERTATION Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History of Health. Sciences in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. SAN FRANCISCO Copyright 2016 by Heather Armstrong Dron ii Acknowledgements Portions of Chapter 1 were published in an edited volume prepared by the Western Humanities Review in 2015. iii Abstract This dissertation traces the academic institutionalization and evolving concerns of teratologists, who studied environmental causes of birth defects in midcentury America. The Teratology Society officially formed in 1960, with funds and organizational support from philanthropies such as the National Foundation (Later known as The March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation). Teratologists, including Virginia Apgar, the well-known obstetric anesthesiologist and inventor of the Apgar Score, were soon embroiled in public concerns about pharmaceutically mediated birth defects. Teratologists acted as consultants to industry and government on pre-market reproductive toxicology testing for pharmaceuticals. However, animal tests seemed unable to clearly predict results in humans and required careful interpretation of dosage and animal species and strain responses. By the late 1960s, amidst the popular environmental movement, teratologists grappled with public claims that birth defects resulted from exposure to industrial pollutants in water or air, or from food additives, pesticides, and industrial waste or effluent. In a crowded field of professionals concerned with pharmaceutical or chemical exposures during pregnancy, teratologists proved adaptive and resilient. Despite influences from the environmental movement, teratologists at times tried to contain the substances and outcomes considered relevant and called for greater vetting of chemical claims, amidst rampant journalistic and public accusations about iatrogenic or industrial harm. -
Finding an Unusable Past: Why Has Eugenics Gone Missing from the History of American Economics?
Finding an Unusable Past: Why has Eugenics Gone Missing from the History of American Economics? Thomas (Tim) Leonard Dept. of Economics Fisher Hall Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544 (609) 258-4036 [email protected] www.princeton.edu/~tleonard For HOPE April 2004 Conference on The Economic Role of Government in the History of Economic Thought Abstract Darwinian and eugenic ideas were influential and popular in Progressive Era; reform economists and other progressives routinely appealed to their authority. But eugenics is all but absent from the history of American Progressive-Era economics. Why? One aspect of this puzzle is a historiographic tradition that misconstrues eugenics, treating it as an aberrant, pseudo-scientific, laissez-faire doctrine, a successor to Gilded-Age social Darwinism, and a prelude to German National Socialism. Eugenics, in short, represents everything progressives are seen to oppose. This essay argues that the traditional view is doubly incomplete: wrong about the nature of eugenic thought, and wrong about the nature of progressive thought. With respect to eugenics, new scholarship shows convincingly that Progressive-Era eugenics was, in fact, the broadest of churches. Eugenics was mainstream; it was widespread; it appealed to an extraordinary range of political ideologies, not least to the progressives, and it was – as state control of human breeding – a program that no social Darwinian could consistently endorse. Eugenics also survived the Nazis. With respect to the progressives, it is important that, in an era before Mendelian genetics became established, Darwinian thought was protean enough to accommodate a wide range of political views. In particular, it was still unsettled as to whether human heredity was Lamarckian or Darwinian, and whether natural selection operated at the level of the individual or of the collective (e.g., the race or nation). -
The Cultural Impact of Science in the Early Twentieth Century
In the early decades of the twentieth century, engagement with science was commonly used as an emblem of modernity. This phenomenon is now attracting increasing attention in different historical specialties. Being Modern builds on this recent scholarly interest to explore engagement with science across culture from the end of the nineteenth century to approximately 1940. Addressing the breadth of cultural forms in Britain and the western world from the architecture of Le Corbusier to working class British science fiction, Being Modern paints a rich picture. Seventeen distinguished contributors from a range of fields including the cultural study of science and technology, art and architecture, English The Cultural Impact of culture and literature examine the issues involved. The book will be a valuable resource for students, and a spur to scholars to further examination of culture as an Science in the Early interconnected web of which science is a critical part, and to supersede such tired formulations as ‘Science and culture’. Twentieth Century Robert Bud is Research Keeper at the Science Museum in London. His award-winning publications in the history of science include studies of biotechnology and scientific instruments. Frank James and Morag Shiach James and Morag Frank Robert Greenhalgh, Bud, Paul Edited by Paul Greenhalgh is Director of the Sainsbury Centre at the University of East Anglia, Edited by and Professor of Art History there. He has published extensively in the history of art, design, and the decorative arts in the early modern period. Robert Bud Paul Greenhalgh Frank James is Professor of History of Science at the Royal Institution and UCL. -
The Development, Rise, Fall, and Return of the Concept of Anticipation in Hereditary Disease
Coming Full Circle: The Development, Rise, Fall, and Return of the Concept of Anticipation in Hereditary Disease by Judith Ellen Friedman B.Sc., University of Alberta, 1994 B.A. University of Alberta, 1995 M.A. University of Alberta, 1997 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of History © Judith Ellen Friedman, 2008 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopying or other means, without the permission of the author. ISBN: 978-0-494-52946-1 ii Coming Full Circle: The Development, Rise, Fall, and Return of the Concept of Anticipation in Hereditary Disease by Judith Ellen Friedman B.Sc., University of Alberta, 1994 B.A. University of Alberta, 1995 M.A. University of Alberta, 1997 Supervisory Committee Dr. Gregory Blue, Supervisor (Department of History) Dr. Angus McLaren, Departmental Member (Department of History) Dr. David Zimmerman, Departmental Member (Department of History) Dr. Robert Reid, Outside Member (Department of Biology) Dr. Michael Ashwood-Smith, Outside Member (Department of Biology) Dr. Robert Olby, External Examiner (Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh) iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Gregory Blue, Supervisor (Department of History) Dr. Angus McLaren, Departmental Member (Department of History) Dr. David Zimmerman, Departmental Member (Department of History) Dr. Robert Reid, Outside Member (Department of Biology) Dr. Michael Ashwood-Smith, Outside Member (Department of Biology) Dr. Robert Olby, External Examiner (Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh) ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the history of the creation and development of the concept of anticipation, a pattern of heredity found in several diseases (e.g. -
Big Science and Big Politics in the United States: Reflections on the Death of the SSC and the Life of the Human Genome Project Author(S): Daniel J
Big Science and Big Politics in the United States: Reflections on the Death of the SSC and the Life of the Human Genome Project Author(s): Daniel J. Kevles Reviewed work(s): Source: Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 2 (1997), pp. 269- 297 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27757780 . Accessed: 19/12/2012 16:23 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Wed, 19 Dec 2012 16:23:46 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions DANIEL KEVLES* Big Science and big politics in the United States: Reflections on the death of the SSC and the life of the Human Genome Project Both the superconducting Super Collider and the Human Genome Pro ject originated as ideas in the early 1980s and by the latter part of the decade initiatives had been taken to establish each as a large-scale project of the U.S. -
Steven Shapin Changing Tastes: How Things Tasted in the Early Modern Period and How They Taste Now
Steven Shapin Changing Tastes: How Things Tasted in the Early Modern Period and How They Taste Now THE HANS RAUSING LECTURE 2011 UPPSALA UNIVERSITY SALVIA SMÅSKRIFTER THE HANS RAUSING LECTURE 2011 Changing Tastes: How Things Tasted in the Early Modern Period and How They Taste Now Steven Shapin Harvard University, Cambridge MA UPPSALA UNIVERSITET SALVIA SMÅSKRIFTER, NO. 14 © Författaren Tryck Wikströms, Uppsala 2011 ISBN 978-91-506-2262-1 Contents Talking about Qualities 9 Tasting the World 15 The Epistemology of the Pineapple 24 Inferring Qualities 30 The Connoisseur Tastes 40 Changing Tastes: How Foods Tasted in the Early Modern Period and How They Taste Now Steven Shapin Food once tasted differently than it now does. Lots of people say that. They usually mean that fruits, vegetables, bread, beer, and meats are not what they once were – not as tasty, not as authentically what they are supposed to be. Either the varieties are not bred for taste, or they’re produced and distributed in a way that makes them bland and insipid, or we’ve lost the arts of preparing them to retain or enhance their flavors. Gustatory nostalgia is very much on the late modern menu. All that is quite possibly true, but it is not my topic here. Setting aside the likely physical differences in many foods – the varieties of apples, cabbages, fowl, and pork we have lost; the disappeared modes of cultivating and preparing them that affect their taste – nevertheless other things have changed that are present in the tasting moment. These other things are not chemical; they are cultural. -
Politically Correct Eugenics
FIU Law Review Volume 12 Number 1 Article 7 Fall 2016 Politically Correct Eugenics Seema Mohapatra Barry University Dwayne O. Andreas School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://ecollections.law.fiu.edu/lawreview Part of the Other Law Commons Online ISSN: 2643-7759 Recommended Citation Seema Mohapatra, Politically Correct Eugenics, 12 FIU L. Rev. 51 (2016). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.25148/lawrev.12.1.7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by eCollections. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Law Review by an authorized editor of eCollections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 04-MOHAPATRA 5.9.17.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 5/17/17 2:44 PM POLITICALLY CORRECT EUGENICS Seema Mohapatra* INTRODUCTION Eugenics is a loaded word bringing to mind the horrors of Nazi Germany and here in the United States, our history of forced sterilizations. Although eugenics has a negative connotation, family balancing (the term of art coined to refer to those who use preimplantation genetic diagnosis to pick an embryo of a certain gender) does not. In fact, it sounds empowering to be able to have a say in the gender of one’s baby. This Article explores new innovations in life sciences that make eugenics inevitable—for a certain class of people—those who can afford to pay for it. The designer baby thought experiment has been around for several decades, but until very recently the idea of actually being able to enhance an embryo was still very much science fiction. -
Nproliferation Review Survey
NONPROLIFERATION REVIEW SURVEY Nonproliferation Education in the United States Part I: Undergraduate Education A Nonproliferation Review Survey1 of Teaching at Leading U.S. Colleges and Universities on Weapons of Mass Destruction and Means to Combat Their Proliferation and Use A Two-Part Series North Korea is a regime arming with missiles and weapons of mass destruction, while starving its citizens. Iran aggressively pursues these weapons and exports terror, while an unelected few repress the Iranian people’s hope for freedom. Iraq continues to flaunt its hostility toward America and to support terror. The Iraqi regime has plotted to develop anthrax, and nerve gas, and nuclear weapons for over a decade. States like these, and their terrorist allies, constitute an axis of evil, arming to threaten the peace of the world. By seeking weapons of mass destruction, these regimes pose a grave and growing danger. — President George W. Bush State of the Union Address, January 29, 2002 s the United States readies for a possible war to From February to October 2002, the Nonproliferation eliminate Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction Review undertook a survey of teaching on WMD at lead- A(WMD), confronts North Korea over its clan- ing U.S. institutions of higher learning to seek answers to destine efforts to produce nuclear arms, and implements these questions. It was also hoped that the survey would an array of billion-dollar programs to meet the WMD help to create a more effective network among those challenge, how are America’s colleges and universities teaching in the field, allow the sharing of syllabi and responding to this threat? innovative teaching practices, stimulate the expansion Are they adapting their curricula to a world that may of courses on WMD, and bring additional public atten- be as fraught with perils to this country as those it con- tion to instruction in this area.