sign in sign up
<<
Home , Bhaje, Haveli taluka, Junnar, Katraj, Lavani, Lohagaon

V

CHAPTER NO. 4 PROFILE OF AND CHAPTER - 4 Profile of Pune and Pune District

4.1 Introduction: - Before going for the profile of Pune & Pune District, We should consider our State & in short. Maharashtra has a glorious history. It is a holy land of Saints, Sages and Social reformers Peasants and workers have toiled for centuries to make Maharashtra the prime state of . The State is spread over an area of 308,000 square kilometres. It is divided into six administrative divisions and 35 districts. is the capital of the Maharashtra state and the financial capital of India. Now mumbai is emerging of the world. According to world Bank survey, Maharashtra has the most favourable atmosphere among the states in the country for Industrial Investment domestic and foreign. To keep up with the modern transformations around the globe, Maharashtra has achived the leading position amongst all other states in the field of Information & technology and occupies numero-Uno position in the country in setting up IT Parks & adopting a Bio-Tech policy in a determined bid to complete with advanced countries of the world. Maharashtra has done pioneering contribution in diverse fields of socio-economic development and progress. In district of Maharashtra, the first cooperative factory in Asia was established over 70 years ago. Maharashtra’s performance in diverse fields like Arts, Sports, Culture, literature social and administrative reforms as well as academic research, defence, agriculture and cooperation has left its unique mark in India. Its many great personalities reached the pinnacles of achievements in the respective fields of activity. The social reform movement in the state began over 150 years ago. It has been the source of inspiration for the country. Maharashtra is known for bravery people who blend it with tolerance. The socially amicable atmosphere in Maharashtra Surprises people from other states of India for these reasons.

103 G-4.1 Location of Maharashtra in India

4.2 Maharashtra at Glance : (1) Formation of the state 1*‘ . (2) Districts 35. (3) Area 308.000 sq.kms. (4) Divisions 06. (5) Talukas 353.

(6 ) a) Municipal Corporations 22. b) Municipal Councils 222. (7) Zilla Parishads 33. (8 ) Panchayat Samitees 349.

104 (9) Gram Panchayats 27946. (10) Means of Transport a) Roads 2,26,992 Kms. b) National Highway 4,225 Kms. c) State Highway 33,633 Kms. d) Main District Roads 48,220 Kms. e) Other Roads 44,321 Kms. f) Rural Roads 96,593 Kms. g) Railways 5,497 Kms. h) Ports 50 (Main - 2, Small - 48) i) Other Postoffices 12,638 Nos. j) Length of the coast line 720 Kms. (11) Population Total - 9,67,52,247. (As per 2001 Census) Male - 5,03,34,270. Female - 4,64,17,977. M/F ratio - 922 (per 1000) (12) rate 77.30% (13) Area under- 29.7 lakh hectares. (14) Irrigation project Major - 32. Medium - 178. Minor - 2239. (15) Industries (2000-01) 33626 (Registered) (16) Principal Language Marathi. (17) Weather 4 - seasons. 18) Agri-production a) Kharif Crops :- Jowar, Bajra, , and Grondnuts. b) Rabbi Crops :- W heat, Gram and Jowar. c) Others - , Oil seeds. Pulses - eg. , Tur etc. (19) a) Net Crop area 17.579.000 hectares. b) Total Crop area 22,368 hectares. c) Total irrigated area 3.812.000 hectares.

105 d) Ratio of total irrigated area 17.20%. with crop area (20) Educational Institutional Universities - 24. Colleges - 1934. Primary Schools - 67964. Secondary Schools - 18084. 4.3 Pune Division Pune which once ruled all of North India, has been known as the of the east. This division has taken rapid strides in IT. Pune Division is perhaps the most affluent in all respects in India. It has demonstrated how a determine band of people can transform a landscape into a thriving economic entity. This division is leader in defense, agriculture, education , stage, power generation, irrigation, to mention only a few facts of development, the division has many places of attraction for the tourists, pilgrims and history researcher. Out of the six Administrative divisions, Pune is one of the important division of Maharashtra state. Pune division, includes following important districts from Western Maharashtra. I) Pune II) III) SangU IV) and V)

106 G-4.2 Location of Pune Division in Maharashtra

DHULE WM^VATK ^ MAC^IR 1 . ^ 1 / • ( \ • S b m a n c a r a N / I • '"'•"V • X V ______/ I r .. '■ « L^^^YwARDHAV /^eULDHAlUA ( m \ AUftArgOAQAD y '' ^ ; ~ . ------— ( / ^ * j •V'"' \ C t < -> OALNA* ^ -L _ rv _„^ V , V a HMADNAGAR-',; , ^ ^ ^ ■• -c^ / • ( • /. 1UMBAI J 1 \ • BID •. / kiAi. r PUNE \ ■

^ , u sIwanaoabT ^ I •GW»H s^/s‘» LAU SATARA '( '^LAPUfC

RATNAGIRI'Q sANGll

f "

4.4 Pune & Pune District : (1) Location :- Pune District lies between 17^54’ and 19*’24’ North latitude and 73°19’ and 75°10'. East longitude. (2) Boundaries : It is bounded on the (I) East & North by , (II) Towards South - , (III)Towards West - , (IV) Towards Eash 8s South - and (V) Towards West & North - . Pune is 170 Kms away from Mumbai, the capital city of Maharashtra and financial capital city of India. Due to small distance from Mumbai, availability of all transport facilities, centre of education, cooperation, good

107 atmosphere the development of Pune and Pune District Is also tremendous. Maharaj, the , Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Lokmanya and many illustrious sons of India chose Pune as their base and took its fame around the world. Pune is regarded as the cultural capital city of Maharashtra. Pune gained importance during the period of second Thorala (Senior) Bajirao, who ruled from 1720 to 1740. During his time the place of the Peshwas Shaniwarwada was built. He has expanded the empire into North and . In Ninteenth century Pune and were the only centres of power. Pune has been recognised as a sent of learning and Deccan College (1851) led the educational movement in Pune. Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Gopal Agarkar, Bhandarkar and other luminaries studied in the Deccan College in the English language. First Marathi literary conference was held in Pune in the year 1878. (1885) Agakhan Palace servents of India society, where M. Gandhi had stayed in Pune and appreciated Pune’s social, cultural and nationalistic organisations. He called Pune “a beehive of volunteers and dedicated workers for a noble cause”. With Pune’s Pact Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar came into political limelight Pandit J. Nehru also visited Pune. Dr. S Radhakrishnan used to visit the Bhandarkar oriental Research Institute. Smt. not only stayed in Pune but also was a student in a local High School for a year. Mahatma Jyotiba Phule started education for women, first time in Pune and struggled hard for the upliftment of the depressed classes. Shrimati was the first lady from Pune to complete medical education in the USA. Some of the Historic places for visit in Pune City are - Agakhan Palace Museum, Dinkar Kelkar Museum, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Museum, Mahatma Phule Museum, Saras Baug, Peshve Park, Hill, University of Pune, Mahadji Shinde Umbrella, Bundgarden, Shrimant Dagadusheth Ganpati, Kasba Peth Ganpati, Shaniwarwada etc. Industrialisation in Maharashtra was incepted in Pune and giants like Bajaj, Tata, Kirloskars and Garwares established their factories here. Pune is the only city in the world to be surrounded by three military - Pune, and Road. The National Defence Academy nestles in the Sahyadri range just outside Pune. The National Chemical Laboratory, the

108 Ordanance Factory, the High - Explosive factory as well as Aayuka, set up by Dr. Narlikar to research astronomy, all are situated in Pune, which has also been inthe forefront in India in the IT Sector. The places of and Dehu attract countless sect devotees round the year. A huge network of educaitonal research and social reform institutions have made Pune an international city over the years. Post 1970*s - fastest Growth : The present Pune is the 7’*’ ranking industrial metro of India. During the last two-three decades, Pune’s urban growth has the fastest rate in Asia and the Urban area, which has the fastest rate in the world, has found a place in the Guinness Book of World Records. In 1972 there were 1473 Industrial units in Pune, in 1984 the number reached about 5000. During last 9-10 year Pune is become I.T. Hub of the country. The present growth of Pune is due to various factors such as industrialisation, location of various central and state Government establishments. Military South Command Head Quarters, High explosive factory. Public sector industries, I.T. Parks, educational centres like University, Colleges and many research institutes of national level, health and holiday resorts, a record number of hotels and restaurants, good climate and relatively less polluted environment, clubs, parks, places of recreation, cultural ethos of the city, and scope for each hobby and pastime. Between 1920’s and 1940’s many cooperative urban and commercial banks along with Insurance companies were launched by persons like Prof. V. G. Kale, D.G Karve, L.B. Bhopatkar, N.C. Kelkar, Shri Vamanrao Varde, Shri Dhondumama Sathe, Dinkar Bahadur Godbole etc and cooperative and private sugar factories were established due to the efforts of Dr. D. R. Gadgil, Shembekar, Dahanukar, Girme, Borawake, Vikhe, Apte, Agashe, Malchand Doshi etc. The was started by Kale Sathe and Vaikunthabhai . The Mahratta Chamber of Commerce & Industries was the brain child of A.R.Bhat. In 1946 Kirloskars shifted their main activity of production of oil engines to Khadki (Pune) Shri Stantanurao Kirloskar, the young engineer trained at M.I.T. in the U.S.A. brought a revolution in technocratic management of Pune Industries.

109 G-4.3 Location Of Talukas In Pune District

S 1- ^ •* 4. KhMKl Msv«l Shirur \

", N { I .Ommd {_ Ptifwctef/^

PUNE DISTRICT AT GLANCE : (1) District Pune. (2) Area 15637 Sq.kms. (3) Sub-divisions 05 (Pune - - - and ) (4) Talukas 14 I) Pune VIII) Velha II) Maval IX) Purandar III) Bhor X) Khed IV) Junnar XI) V) Baramati XII) VI) M ulshi XIII) Haveli VII) Shirur XIV) (5) Distance for Pune From Mumbai - 170 Kms. Thane - 143 Kms. - 210 Kms. Ahmednagar - 120 Kms. Solapur - 242 Kms. Satara - 112 Kms. (6 ) Means of Transport - Main Airport - Lohgaon.

110 National Highway - 4, 9 & 50. Other - Railway & S.H.Roads. (7) Population : Total 72,24,224. (as per 2001 census) Male - 37,68,001. Female - 34,56,223. (8) Literacy : 80.78% Total - 50,86,741. a) Male - 29,05,770. b) Female - 21,80,971. (9) Area under : 290.56 Thosuand hecteres. Irrigation (10) Irrigation Projects : Big - 20 . Medium - 39. Minor - 341. Important Projects - 15. 1) Bhatghar 9) Dimbhe 2) Khadakwasala 10) Chasakaman 3) K.Panshet 11) Bhama Askhed 4) K. Varasgaon 12) Gunjvani 5) Manikdoh 13) Nira-Devdhar 6) Kukadi-Vadaj 14) PimpalgaonJoge 7) Kukadi-Sedgaon 15) Temghar 8) Pavna (11) Industries Big 28. Medium 443. Small 43899. (12) Tourist Places Lonawala & - Hill Stations. , Sinhgad, Purandar, Rajgad & Torna - Forts. Karla & - Caves. Alandi-Dehu, - Religious Places. 5 - Ganpatis of Ashtivinayak & Bheemashanakar. (13) Language / Dialects Marathi. (14) Folk Arts : and Bharud. (15) Weather : Temperature

111 Max. 39.8 Deg.C. Min. 9.6 Deg.C. Rainfall 721.7 mm. (Average) (16) Main Crops : Jowar, , Bajra, Sugarcane, Rice and Onion. The city of Pune is known as a Education, Cooperative, Military, Cultural and administrative centre in for more than a century in the past. Great intellectuals, political thinkers, activists and leaders during India’s freedom struggle like Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, , , Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, , Vaikunath Metha etc. hailed from this city They planted the name of this city on the map of India unertaking political social, cooperative & educational reforms. Number of academic and research institutions have been located in this city. To name only a few : Bhandarkar Institute of Oriental Research, Deccan College, Fergusson College, Vaikunth Mehta Cooperative Management Institute, Bharat Itihas Sanshodhan Mandal etc. even after independence. Institutions of national importance like National Chemical Laboratory, College of Military Engineering, National Defence Academy were established in Pune. Several defence establishments have also been come up in and around Pune City for a long time. The city has the ordance factory and High-Explosive factory situated in the Western part of the city. Shortly after Independence the National Defence Academy was established at Khadakvasla at South-West of Pune. The city also has an Air Force station and is head quarer of the of the . Defence areas around Pune include Kirkee and Cantonments. Administratively speaking, Pune has been the district headquarter of Pune City Tahsil. It has the office of the Zilla Parishad. It also is the divisional headquarter encompassing five districts of Pune, Satara, , Kolhapur and Solapur. The Directorate office’s of the Departments of Agriculture, Cooperation, Education of the State of Maharashtra are located in this city. Pune also is a University headquarer for Pune, Nashik and Ahmednagar District having about 0.50 students studying at the University Campus, and having about 6.50 lacs students studing in 650 affiliated and constituent colleges. It has about 300 Institutions recognised for advanced learning and Research. Pune also has been the cultural capital of Maharashtra. The city has

112 remained in the front in the development of , theatre and cinema. Brief History Pune has been one of the oldest town in Western India. The known history of the town dates back to over fifteeen hundred years. Coins discovered in Indapur Tahsil of the district, at the south-eastern and of the district, suggest that the town was under the Traikutaka king by about 465 A.D. Silver coins discover near Junnar at the nothern end of the district, suggests that this area was uner the Andhra kings some time after that, Rashtrakuta kings conquered this area from Chalukyas in 754 A.D. A copper plate inscription refers to Pune as Punyavishaya (nwE'{df ) and also makes a mention of villages Bopkhel, , Kalas and river Mula in the same inscription. Another inscription of 768 A.D. calls Pune as ‘Punaka-Vishaya’. Pune under the Rashtrakutas was called as Punaka-wadi. Pune came under the rule of Yadava’s of Devgiri (daulatabad) in 973 A.D. In 1294, this area after the defeat of Raja , came under the Delhi rule of the Moghals. Pune was known as Kasbe Pune, then for a brief period after 1347, the area formed a part of Bahamani empire. After 1490, the area formed the part of Nizamshahi, having its headquarters at Ahmednagar. During the second half of the sixteenth century, Bhosale’s became Jagirdar’s of the provine in the first quarter of the seventeenth century, Bhosale shiffted his loyality from Nizam to Adilshah of . In 1637 Shahaji appointed Dadoji Konddev to look after Pune and surrounding territory Though Shivaji chose Rajgad and later Raigad, as his capitals, Pune remained the Principal centre of strategic, political, diplomatic and military activity in the second and third quarer of the seventeenth century. The Peshwa rule started in 1713. During this regime the centre of political activity shifted from surrounding forts to Pune city. In 1730 the famous Shaniwarwada was constructed. During the remaining part of the eighteenth century, Pune remained the capital of Peshwas. In 1818, British forces occupied Pune and that was the end of Peshwa rule in Western India. As mentioned earlier, the city of Pune, long before was only the Kasba Peth, on the bank of . The strategic and military importance of Pune increased from the Peshwa and British days. In 1637, the city consisted of Kasba, Murtazabad (the present Shaniwar Peth), Malkapur (the present Raviwar Peth) and Shahpura (Somwar Peth). Later on at various stages new words were established, ie. Ashtapur (Mangalwar Peth) Mohiyabad (Budhwar Peth), Visapur (Shukrawar Peth), Vetal Peth, Nihal Peth, Bhawani Peth, Sadashiv, Rasta, Nana and Ghorpade Peths.

113 The Pune dates back to 1818 when British troops put up their Camps to occupy Pune. Some Important dates in the life of Pune City can be noted : 1848 Dnyana Prakash : daily and native General library was started. 1869 Khadakvasla construction was completed, giving boost to farming activity to the eastern part of Pune. Ammunition factory was also established at Kirkee near Pune in the same year. 1880 The started its publication. 1884 Pune Suburban Municipality was established. 1885 Deccan Education Society and Fergusson College were established. 1886 Pune- meter guage Railway line were inaugurated. 1892 Raja-Bahadur Textile Mill was established. 1896 Plague epidemic claimed about 53,000 lives. The calamity was worse than the Panipat. 1896 Maharshi Karve Stree Shikshan Sanstha established in Pune. 1915 Underground drainage system came to be opened. 1916 Town Planning Act came to be applied to Pune. 1918 Influenza epidemic 1924 Shivajinagar Railway station was inaugurated. 1930 Gokhale Institue of Politics & Economics () 1935 Bank of Maharashtra was established. 1941 During the Decade there took place growth of Military Accounts, Ordance Depots, High explosive factory, Oil engine factory, Sindhi and Punjabi families migrated to Pune in large number. 1949 University of Pune established. 1950 Pune Municipal Corporation was established. 1956 industrial area development started. 1958 Stree Sagghatana Audyogik Sahakar Mandal Ltd. Karve Road, Pune. 1960 MIDC area near - ws inaugurated. 1961 disaster & Development of MIDC at Bhosari - started. 1970 Constitution of PCNDTA - a new residential township Plan of the Pune Metropolitan Regional Planning Board - Released

114 1977 New Civil Airport at Pune opened 1980 Gandhi National Memorial Society, Agakhan Palace, Nagar Road, Pune 14 1981 Vanasthali Rural Development Centre - started 1990 SAMPARC - Social Action for Man Power Creation started 1991-92Gramin Mahila Vikas Parishad started Progress of pune city was gone up to I.T. city during last decade.

4.5 Review of Socio-economic aspects of Pune The data on different important sector’s which have dominant effects on the economy are considered here. In most of the cases the reference period of the data is a financial year. The data on agriculture however relates to the agricultural year, whereas the data on cooperation is for the cooperative year 1st July to 30th June (upto 1992) afterwards it is April to March. The data on other important items like rainfall, temperature civil and criminal cases, vital statistics is for the calendar year. The information regarding population of the District is from 1951 census to 2001 census. This information is classified into persons - male and females from rural and urban area. The information as far as possible is presented Tahsilwise for inter-Tahsil comparison. Some of these Aspects are as under: I) Population II) Agriculture III) Animal husbandries IV) Industries V) Cooperation VI) Transport and Communication VII) Plan Expenditure etc. pertaining to the Pune District is presented alongwith the corresponding figures for the state for the comparison purpose

I. Population : After independence for the first time in the year 1951 the population of the India for this census was published by the Government in 1951 - the population of Pune District was 19,50,976 out of this total population male population was

115 10,06,201 & female 9,44,775. It was also classified as Rural and Urban in the year 1951 Rural and Urban population was 11,16,253 & 8,34,723 respectively. The data of 2001 was as under (rural and urban wise) Table 4.1 : Population (in Lacs) Sr.No. Particulars Pune Maharashtra i) Rural 30.32 558 ii) Urban 42.01 411 ill) Total 72.33 969 Out of the otal population male & female population was 37,69,128 & 34,63,427 respectively. With this growth the expected population of the Pune in the census 2 0 1 1 will be as follows i) Rural - 35,65,150 ii) Urban - 49,39,973 iii)Total - 85,05,123. Out of the total population male & female population will be expected to be 44,32,306 and 40,72,817 respectively. Table 4 .2 Population and its Increase Ratio (Pune District) Rural Compounded Every S. Population (figures in lacs) No. Census or Urban Male Female Total 10 years 1 year Rural 5.6 5.56 11.16 1 1951 Urban 4.46 3.89 8.35 Total 10.06 9.45 19.51 Rural 7.67 7.6 15.27 36.79 3.13 2 1961 Urban 5.02 4.38 9.4 12.6 1.19 Total 12.69 11.98 24.67 26.44 2.35 Rural 9.32 9.16 18.48 21.04 2.52 3 1971 Urban 7.12 6.18 13.3 41.48 2.33 Total 16.44 15.34 31.78 28.83 2.44 Rural 10.03 10.9 20.93 18.67 2.25 4 1981 Urban 11.47 9.24 20.71 48.23 2.86 Total 21.5 20.14 41.64 31.04 2.53 Rural 13.87 13.38 27.25 24.26 2.23 5 1991 Urban 14.75 13.33 28.08 42.41 3.03 Total 28.62 26.71 55.33 32.85 2.61

116 Rural Population Compounded Every s. Census or (figures in lacs) No. Urban Male Female Total 10 years 1 year Rural 15.58 14.74 30.32 11.24 2 0 0 1 Urban 2 2 .1 1 19.9 42.01 49.65 3.23 Total 37.69 34.64 72.33 30.73 2.62 Rural 18.32 17.34 35.66 17.6 2.32 2 0 1 1 Expected Urban 26 23.39 49.39 17.59 3.56 Total 44.32 40.73 85.05 17.59 2.94 Source : (i) ^TTTcrr^ WPiRT -

- ^ o o ' ) S - o \ Some Important features of the population of Pune will be summarised as under (1 ) There is always increase in the growth of population in the Pune District. (2 ) Census increase of Pune District (Ten yearly) from 1951 to till date (2001) (%) is 1961 - 26.44, 1971 - 28.83 , 1981 - 31.04, 1991 - 32.85 85 2001 - 30.73 i.e. average increase is 30% while of Maharashtra is in the census 1961-71, 71-81, 81-91 85 91-2001 respectively 27.45, 24.54, 25.73, 22.73 respectively. (3) Till 1981 census rural population was more than that of urban population but from 1991 census the population of Urban area was increased tremendously. (4) Density of population - As per census of 2001 density of population was as under a) In Pune District - 462 persons per sq.kms. b) I) Urban area - 6765 persons per sq.kms. II) Rural area - 2 0 2 persons per sq.kms. c) I) Highest density - Pune City 14652 persons per sq.kms. II) Lowest density - - 1 1 2 persons per sq.kms. Density point of view Pune is the 2nd largest city in the state of Maharashtra, after Mumbai City. (5) Male 85 female ratio per 1000 persons of the state of Maharashtra and Pune District was as under:

117 Table 4 .3 Male-Female Ratio S.No. Census Maharashtra Pune District 1 1951 Per 1000 Male 935 Per 1000 Male 939 1961 Per 1000 Male 936 Per 1000 Male 933 1971 Per 1000 Male 930 Per 1000 Male 944 1981 Per 1000 Male 937 Per 1000 Male 937 1991 Per 1000 Male 934 Per 1000 Male 933 2001 Per 1000 Male 922 Per 1000 Male 917

6 ) As per the Maharashtra’s Economic survey report 2005-06 (page - 15) the population of selected Districts is increased above average of the state due to a) Migration of the people from other states to Maharashtra state as per census of 2001 this percentage of 3.34% of total population of the state. b) This is mainly due to employment or business in the state. Other reasons are education (2.3%), Marriage (14.5%), Migration after birth (6 .6 %) migration with family (24.9%) & other reasons are 8 .6 %. All these people too are in need of Basic requirements of food, cloths & shelter etc.

II. Agriculture : Total Geographical area of the Pune Dist. is around 15,62,058 hecters. Towards South Satara District, Towards North Nashik / Ahmednagar District, Towards East Ahmednagar / Solapur District, Towards West Raigad District. Out of this total land area, part of it is reseved for forest. At the same time some of the agricultural land is converted in to Non-Agricultural land for industries, which is also not available for Agriculture purpose. Some Barren and Unculturable land is also there. Some of the area which comes under these areas are as under. As per the information made available from the Directorate of agriculture, through socio-economic review of the District, during the year 2007-08, the total land of the Pune District is 1562018 hecteres.

118 Out of this total land, the land under forest, land not available for cultivation and the land available for cultivation is as under Table 4 .4 Agricultural Land Sr.No. Particulars Hecteres 0 1 ) Area not available for cultivation due to : a) Non-agriculture use of land 64,470 b) Permanent pasture and other grazing lands 1,04,226 0 2) The land under - forest 1,71,809 03) Other land - not possible for cultivation 1,24,103 04) Land available for - cultivation 1,09,410 Total Land 15,62,018

Main crop of the District is Jowar during the year 2000-01 the area of the land under this crop was 35% of the land which was available for cultivation. Total crop area in the District is around 10,58,659 Hectres. Area of land under irrigation is around - 290.56 thousand hectores. Agriculture in the District depends upon the natural water in the rainy seson for permenant cultivation, the Government has constructed 20 big projects, 39 medium projects and 341 minor projects in the Disctrict. From irrigation point of view there are 15 important projects are in working conditions. All these are providing water to the farmers for agriculture till today there are 89,902 (2001-02) wells in the Disctirct they area also useful for farming as well as for drinking purposes. After jowar, the important crops in the Disctrict are Bajra, rice, wheat under Bajra, rice and wheat, the percentage of the crop is 14%, 05% and 06% respectively. Comparatively cultivated and irrigated Tahasils in the Districts are Junnar, Haveli, Indapur, Baramati. The maximum damps are in Junnar Tahasil. In Khed, Maval, Velhe, Junnar and Ambegaon the production of rice is more while cotton produced more in Baramati Tahasil, maximum Jowar is produced in Indapur, Baramati, Daund and Purandar Tahasil. Good production of Groundnut is in Khed, Junnar and Ambegaon, Onions are produced more in Shirur, Daund and Junnar while Potatos are prduced more in Ambegaon, Khed and Junnar Tahasil.

119 In and around Pune City, Havell Tahasil and Hadapsar area more vegetables are produced. The fruits like , Figs, Bananas,Custurd apples etc. are also produced in the District. Percentage of rainfall is more in West Pune as compare to East Pune. The rivers from District are also going toward East from W est. Talukawise use of land in pune district is given in the following table 4.5 Table 4.5 Talukawise Use of Land in Pune District (in Hecteres) N.A.T^nd Land not Total Under & possible Land for S. No. Taluka Land Forest grazing for cultivation Land cultivation 1 Junnar 1,38,452 20,876 9,855 2,715 1,05,006 2 Ambegaon 1,04,275 24,300 6,707 9,348 63,920 3 Shirur 1,55,727 6,019 15,617 9,398 1,24,693 4 Khed 1,37,354 20,079 9,530 12,230 95,515 5 Maval 1,13,135 32,736 7,926 5,962 66,511 6 1,03,931 16,726 17,676 2,845 66,684 7 Haveli 1,33,627 7,864 18,895 12,285 94,583 8 Pune City 11,990 235 10,275 499 981 9 Daund 1,28,986 4,904 19,336 8,700 96,046 10 Purandar 1,10,313 2 ,2 2 1 8,208 9,499 90,385 1 1 Velhe 49,955 10,796 4,863 1,827 32,469 12 Bhor 89,234 12,260 17,375 20,380 39,219 13 Baramati 1,38,248 4,929 13,665 5,765 1,13,889 14 Indapur 1,46,791 7,864 8,768 22,650 1,07,509 Total (District) 15,62,018 1,71,809 1,68,696 1,24,103 10,97,410

III. Animal Husbandries, Forests and Fisheries : Population of livestock and poultry as per livestock census of 1997 and 2003 (final data) is shown Tahasilwise in the enclosed table No. 4.6 & 4.7 which is available to the researcher during the research work. Table (statement) showing talukawise Animals in Pune District for the year ending 31-3-05 and as on 31-3-08 can be summaries as under. As per the live stock census of 1997 the total live stock was 62,31,996 consisting of Hybrid Cows, Calves and

120 Bullucks, of 388,385, Deshi - 507,873 and Buffellows including Males & Below 3 years were 286,951. While ships and goats were 10,57,563, Broieler 39,41,985 and other cattles were 49,239. And as per the live stock census of 2003 the total live stock was 75,01,165, consisting of Hybrid Cows, Calves and Bullucks of 377,478 Deshi - 378470, and Buffellows including males and below 3 years were 285,417. While ships and goats were 945,165, Broieler 5478,222 and other Cattles were 36,413. While considering the data of each of the tahasil from Pune District it is observed that in the Maval and livestock is above 8 lacs. While in the Amgegaon, Mulshi, Velhe and Bhor & Pune city Tahasil the livestock is around 2 to 3 lacs as per the 1997 livestock census. While in 2003 census - live stock above 8 lacks were in Maval (11.40 lacs), Haveli (10.08 lacs) and in Baramati Tahasil (8.82 lacs) and the livestock below 3 lacs were reduced only upto Pune City, Velhe tahasil and Bhor tahasil. Cows and Buffellows are useful for milk production, the maxium milk from various talukas are collected by the Dairy cooperative societies. We have already considered the number of Dairy societies at various Tahasil’ss from Pune District. The other livestock eg. Ships, Goats and Broieler are useful for meat, eggs and related products. Maximum of these livestock is owned and managed by the farmers as a sidebusiness to the agriculture farming. Due to these activities only the financial position of the farmers from Western Maharashtra is sound than that of the farmers from others places. From this we can see the Animals and the increase in numbers of animals throughout the period which is given as under For the time being the information for the period 1997 (2004-05) & information for the period 2003 (2006-07) is considered which is as under

Some of the important features of Animal Husbandries, forests and fisheries - (1) Total population of the Animal Husbandries is reduced to 20,22,943 (2003) from 22,90,081 (1997)

121 (2) During this period the population of Animals except Dound and Bhor Tahasil is decreased. (3) The highest population of animals in 2007-08 (2003) data is in Dound Tahasil is 3,05,398. (4) While the lowest population of animals in 2007-08 (2002) data is in Velhe Tahasil which is 43,121 (5) In the year 2007-08 there are 204 vaternaring institutes working for primary health of the Animals local Chikitsalayas & state level are 06 & 62 respectively. (6 ) Milk, Milk products and related products are sold by the owners of the Animals. Owners those are far away from Pune city are selling their maximum milk to the local Dairy Cooperative Societies, while from nearby area of the city, maximum owners / farmers are selling milk directly in the domestic market. (7) At present (As on 31.3.08) there are 2034 Dairy cooperative societies in the District and Collecting 174362 Ltrs. milk from these Dairy societies All these societies are attached to Dudha Sangh, Pune. At Tahasil level some of the societies are collecting their at Tahasil level, eg. at Baramati, Bhor. At present 03 Dairy plants are run by State Government. State Govt, is handling over these plants to Katraj Dairy Sangh. In the year 2005 the plant from Otur, Tal. Junnar was transfer from State Government to Katraj Dairy Sangh.

122 Table 4.6: Animals in Pune District (2003 livestock census) Cows/Cattles Ships S. Taluka Buffellows & Broieler Others Total No. Hybrid Deshi Goats Hen (I) Junnar 40375 36815 20033 58022 215644 2615 373504 (II) Ambegaon 41668 33094 10508 49437 275603 289 410499 (III) Shlrur 36265 35574 14146 108717 230529 1950 427181 (IV) Khed 28188 46671 26149 53663 554120 549 709340 (V) Maval 4117 32866 26369 16482 158941 1585 1140360 (VI) Mulshl 4050 23523 15361 6658 177030 271 226893 (VII) Haveli 18695 29711 37214 73289 845300 4616 1008825 (VIII) Pune City 2612 2677 1 1 2 2 2 15056 44551 6996 83114 (IX) Daund 49381 31860 30043 187357 368065 6757 673463 (X) Purandar 15705 16751 7631 71056 513197 3700 628040 (XI) Velhe 2799 19712 15497 5110 93029 103 136250 (XII) Bhor 13675 25076 24157 15285 208298 425 286916 (XIII) Baramatl 60723 15393 16253 153819 631605 5149 882942 (XIV) Indapur 59225 28747 30834 131214 262310 1508 513838 Total 377478 378470 285417 945165 5478222 36413 7501265 Source - Socio-Economic Survey of District 2007-08. Table 4.7 : Animals in Pune District (1997 livestock census) S. Cows/Cattles Buffe Ships & Broieler Others Total No. Taluka Hybrid Deshi Hows Goats Hen Hen (Nos.) (I) Junnar 35112 48685 21037 74429 144388 1881 325532 (II) Ambegaon 36193 38120 1 1 2 1 1 64573 120787 1016 271900 (III) Shirur 37326 41929 14416 111703 214898 3439 423711 (IV) Khed 30918 62228 31063 55926 156350 351 336836 (V) Maval 4462 39492 24217 15071 748806 857 832905 (VI) Mulshi 5893 31282 18943 12973 135706 274 205071 (VII) Haveli 16689 38053 27376 78508 766866 5186 932678 (VIII) Pune City 2182 7032 14099 13197 148182 11781 196473 (IX) Daund 50534 48323 30149 168439 260831 6441 564717 (X) Purandar 24648 35146 12537 120867 227827 6755 427780 (XI) Velhe 2551 19494 16958 5667 67911 112581 (XII) Bhor 12933 27416 21032 15800 160064 434 237699 (XIII) Baramatl 73927 30502 17700 186084 422508 5165 735886 (XIV) Indapur 55017 40171 26213 134306 366861 5659 628227 Total 388385 507873 286951 1057563 3941985 49239 6231996 Source - Socio-Economic Survey of District 2004-05.

123 IV. Industries : Employment, Industries and related information of Pune D istrict. The statistics relating to working factories under different groups with average daily employment man-days worked, classification of factories according to working strength and No. of days worked are enclosed herewith Factory - The term factory includes - > Those employing ten or more workers working with the aid of power. > Those employing 20 or more workers and working without the aid of power. > Those registered under the factory act 1948 even though the above conditions are not fulfiled. > The defence factories are excluded from the above definition. a) Emplovment: Employment in Government & local authorities. Total sanctioned posts. No. of posts filled up and No. of female staff in State Government, Offices as well as in Zilla-Parishad Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation and Nagarparishad, according to Class - 1, Class - II, Class - III, Class - IV and other Class - for the year 2005. (2006-07) is given as under. Before or around the independence period the people used to say that the Pune is city of education and city of pensioners. After formation of M.I.D.C. a Bhosari and Pimpri- Chinchwad area at during 1965-70 the growth of Industrialisation started and some of the major companies of India started their production in the Pune from 1991 onwards after considering the Liberalisation, Privatisation & Globalisation, Pune City became the I.T. city also. The State Government has also provided all the infrastructure to these industries. Along with this the cooperative sector in the District is also playing very important role. Sugar factory on Cooperative principle, , Housing etc. are also playing very important role in the employment as well as self employment of the people from District. In Pune the emloyees working in various Government offices, Zilla Parishad, Pune Municipal Corporatin & Pimpri- Chinchwad Municipal Corporation is also sizable. It includes

124 the Class - I, II, III and IV the details of which are shown in table no.4 .8 Employment exchange statistics in Pune Disctrict shows that No. of registration of unemployed with the employment exchange is increasing. The employers visiting employment exchange is decreasing day by day. Table No.4.9 gives us the exact details of No. of Registration with Exchange No. of vacancies notified No. of Candidates employed in Private and Public sector in the period from 1980-81 to 2006-07. While Table No.4.10 shows the No. of factories Registered in Pune this table also gives us the information regarding Total No. of working factories, Total male & females working in the factory and total man-days working in the factory. (B) Table 4.8 : No. of Employees in Govt. & Semi-Govt. (Local Authorities) working in Pune District Ref.- Years i) 1988, ii) 1992 and iii) 2007 Government Nagar PMC& S. No. Particulars Office Z.P. Parishad PCMC Class - 1 : Posts NA 1988 1364 2 1 01 1 1992 1239 2 1 00 2007 2160 363 03 Class - II: Posts NA 1988 2332 229 10 2 1992 2401 296 1 1 2007 5522 1831 93 Class - III : Posts NA 1988 37406 14357 1067 3 1992 39593 14368 1007 2007 29741 11328 816 Class - IV : Posts NA 1988 12362 1160 982 4 1992 14312 1218 970 2007 11194 1074 1107 Others NA 1988 4918 4108 94 5 1992 3822 4543 87 2007 3485 8607 77 Total Posts NA 1988 58382 19875 2154 6 1992 61147 20446 2075 2007 52102 23203 2096 39074

125 C) Table No. 4.9: Employment Exchange Statistics in Pune District (Nos.) Candidates S. Particulars Registration Vacancies Employer employed No. Notified visited Private Public 1 1980-81 45,607 10,502 2,717 747 3,043 2 1990-91 2,25,141 7,644 1,446 3,099 601 3 2001-02 2,91,552 5,772 906 1,809 537 4 2004-05 3,36,294 10,482 936 3,684 1,670 5 2006-07 3,44,395 10,184 829 4,473 1,903 Source I) Regional Employment Exchange Office Pune - 11 II) Regional Employment Exchange Office Pimpri, Pune - 17 III) Regional Employment Exchange Pune University Campus, Pune.

D) Table No. 4.10 No. of Industries in Pune District (Nos.) Total Workers S. Particulars Registered Working Total Man- No. Factories Factories Male Female day working 1 1980-81 1,644 1,171 1,03,306 5,614 3,33,017 2 1992-93 2,737 1,699 1,28,025 7,177 4,11,25,487 3 2003-04 3,731 1,284 1,22,093 6,580 3,90,91,788 4 2006-07 3,787 1,369 1,25,932 6,406 3,81,14,000 5 2007-08 3,785 1,369 1,25,913 6,406 3,81,14,000 Source :-Chief Inspector of Factories Govt, of Maharashtra.

V. Cooperation : In the state of Maharashtra & in Pune Division Pune District is also one of the important District in cooperation. Pune is only District where the office of the Commissioner of Cooperatives is situated. The Institutes like Vainkuth Mehata Institute of Cooperative Management, Cooperative Training Centre, Pune District Cooperation Board, Maharashtra Rajya Sahakari Sangh etc. are also located in this city. In the Western Maharashtra Pune is one of the Important city for Cooperative movement.

126 (A) List of Apex / State Cooperative Institutions in Pune D istrict (1) The Maharashtra State Cooperative Union Ltd. Pune - 1 (2) The Maharashtra State Caderlsation Cooperative Society Ltd. Pune 30 (3) The Maharashtra State Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees Federation Ltd. Pune (4) The Maharashtra State Forest Labourers Cooperative Societies Federation Ltd. Pune - 4 (5) Vaikunth Mehta Institute of Cooperative Management, Ganeshkhind, Pune. (6) NABARD (Branch Office) (7) Office of the Commissioner for Cooperation and Registrar of Cooperative Societies, Maharashtra State, Pune - 411001

(B) District Cooperative Institutions / Offices in Pune & Pune D ist. I) District Cooperative Board, Pune - 2 II) Pune District Central Cooperative Bank, Pune. (PDCC) III) Divisional Joint Registrar - Pune Division - Pune - 5 IV) District Deputy Registrar - Pune District - Pune - 5 V) District Special Auditor Class - 1, Pune - 37 VI) District Special Auditor Class - II, (PA-DU-MA), Pune - 37 VII) A ssistant Registrar’s No. I, II, III & IV Pune VIII) Assistant Registrar in each Tahasil of Pune Dist. including Pune there are 14 Tahasils in Pune District. Alongwith the above Cooperative Institutions, the federation of Cooperative Housing Societies, Consumer’s Cooperative Societies, Urban Cooperative Credit Societies are also formed in the city and all these institutions are also working in the interest and progress of Cooperative movement in the District. Progress of Cooperatives in Pune District Number of various types of Cooperative Societies, Total members, paid up share capital of these societies (including) own and from State Govt.) Deposits, loans advanced by these soceities No. of societies in profit as well as in loss & the amount of profits etc are shown in the table No. 4.11 and 4.12 enclosed herewith. Tahasilwise information in the above manner is also shown in table No.4.13.

127 All the cooperative societies are divided in to 5 major categories which are as under: 1. Agricultural Credit Cooperative Societies. 2. Non- Agricultural Credit Cooperative Societies. 3. Marketing Cooperative societies. 4. Cooperative Societies. 5. Social Service Cooperative Societies. The Agricultural Credit Cooperative Societies are formed for the purpose of providing short and medium term loans to the farmers who are the members of these societies. The main function of these societies is to provide loans for meeting their agricultural necessities like improved seed, fertilisers, agricultural improved implements etc. The help is also extended in the matters of storage, transportation and sale of agricultural produce. The agricultural non-credit societies look after the better farming by way of educating the farmers in the adoption of improved agricultural practices, crop protection etc. The societies also undertake educational, economical, cultural and house building activities so as to uplift the standards of living of the agriculturists. While Urban Cooperative Banks, Urban Credit Cooperative Societies and Salary earner’s cooperative societies are expected to promote the qualities of economy and cooperation among the members and also to make them Businessmen / Entrepreneurs. These Institutions also take due care for promoting saving habits of the people by way of making the banking facilities easily available. They give loans to the members on the securities like gold, immovable property. Government securities, commercial goods etc. They also provide loans to the small traders & businessmen. The main function of primary cooperative marketing society is the purchase and sale of agricultural produce grown by its members and members of cooperative societies in its area of operation. While consumer cooperative societies are purchasing goods on large scale from manufacturers or whole-sellers and sellers them to the members of the society and there by avoids the middlemen in trading chain. With the help of these societies the member’s of these societies can get the consumable goods comparatively at lower rates.

128 In case of the Dairy Cooperative Societies they are helpful to the farmers along with the farming the farmers can have milk products from Cows, Buffellows etc. they are producing and selling the milk to the local cooperative Dairy Society. This cooperative society used to collect the milk from all the members and sent it to Katraj Sangh or Government Dairy and receives cash bills at least twice in a month. In the city of Pune, the number of Cows, Buffellows & Hybrid Cattles are there. The farmers or owners of these cattles are mainly producing & selling the milk through coperative dairy or directly in the market. In the year 1950 a separate milk scheme was sanctioned for Pune District. In the year 1979-80 average daily collection of milk was 84000 Ltrs. which was increased upto 3,88,000 Ltrs. by the end of 31st March 2009. At present there are two Dugdha-Schools at Pune & Katraj by the end of 31-3- 2008 there are 12 chilling plants of milk in the District which are owned by State Goverment or Pune District Dudha Utpadak Sangh, Katraj, Pune. Cooperative Housing Societies are either plot owners or flat owners cooperative housing societies, these are service providing societies. In the Pune District out of the total cooperative societies, these types of societies are 10952 (2007-08) which are 51.1% of total cooperative societies. Table 4.11 Progress of Cooperative in Pune District (Typewise) 1991- 2001- 2004- 2005- 2007- S.No. Particulars 92 02 OS 06 OS A) Agriculture Credit Socities : 1 P.D.C.C. Bank 01 01 01 01 01 2 Primary Agri. Credit Co. Op. 971 1180 1243 1259 1261 3 Farmer’s Service Socs. 02 02 02 02 02 4 Adivashi Sah. Sanstha 26 26 26 26 26 5 Grains Bank - 00 00 00 00 6 Others - 01 01 01 01 Total (A) 1000 1210 1273 1289 1291 B) Non-Agri. Credit Soc’s 1 Urban Coop Banks 38 59 59 48 60 2 Urban Credit Coop Soci. 04 04 04 04 04 3 Employees Credit Coop. Soci. 567 672 682 680 688 4 Other Non-Agri. Coop. Soci. 423 1756 2063 2017 2047

129 1991- 2001- 2004- 2005- 2007- S.No. Particulars 92 02 OS 06 OS Total (B) 1032 2491 2808 2749 2799 C) Marketing Coop. Soc’s 1 Dist. Marketing Soc’s 01 01 01 01 01 2 Primary Marketing Soc’s 10 16 16 16 16 3 Other Marketing Soc’s 33 59 57 77 80 Total (C) 44 76 74 94 97 D) Manuacturing Coop. Soc’s 1 Sugar factories 10 13 13 13 13 2 Other Agril. Processing Soc's 04 03 04 21 21 3 Weaving Coop. Soc’s 12 03 02 00 00 4 Weaving Coop. Soc’s (Handmade) 02 01 01 01 01 5 Industrial Colony Soc’s 0 18 18 18 18 6 Other Industrial Coop. Soc’s 306 346 351 306 306 7 Dairy Coop. Soc’s 1545 2472 2312 2317 2012 8 Fisheries Coop Soc’s 46 75 75 75 83 9 Coop. Spinning MiUs 02 05 06 02 01 10 Coop. Irrigation 00 00 00 00 00 11 Other Coop. Mfging. 1187 387 380 414 417 Total (D) 3114 3323 3162 3167 2872 E) Social Service Coop. Societies 1 Consumer’s 335 278 271 276 277 2 Housing 4778 8177 9216 9493 10953 3 Labour Contractors 342 515 534 538 544 4 Other Coop. Societies 191 1764 1996 2422 2534 Total (E) 5646 10734 12017 12729 14308 Grant Total (A+B+C+D+E) 10836 17834 19334 20028 21367 Source : D.D.R. Office, Pune Dist. Pune

130 Table 4.12 : Progress of Cooperatives in Pune District 1991- 2001- 2003- 2005- 2007- S.No. Particulars 92 02 04 06 OS 1 Total Societies (Nos) 10836 17834 18701 20028 21367 2 Total Members (000) 1929 3598 3612 4038 4127 3 Paid up Share Capital (000) 1534 10252 10961 12254 12523 a) Out of which from Govt. (000) 32 185 184 206 210 b) Owned funds (000) 1211 10066 10776 12048 12313 4 Deposits (000) 45668 104255 109263 122152 124834 Loans - Advanced (000) 5 (During the year) 641 4773 4869 5444 5563 6 Purchases (Rs .Value) 5178 7285 7321 8185 8365 7 Sales (Rs. Value) 7274 7763 7939 8876 9071 8 (a) No. of societies (in profit) 3385 9161 9027 10092 10314 (b) Net profit amt. (Rs.ln 000) 148 1732 1693 1892 1934 (c) No. of Societies (in loss) 2593 3524 3216 3596 3675 (d) Net loss amount (Rs. in 000) 12 101 99 111 113 (e) No profit. No loss societies (Nos) NA 5149 6458 7219 7377

Talukawise Progress of Cooperative Societies: Talukawlse No. of Societies, members, share Capital, working capital and specific information on the following basis are given in the table. (a) Primary Agri. Cooperatives (Table no. 4.13) (b) Farmers Service Cooperatives (Table no. 4.14) (c) sahakari Santha (Table no. 4.15) (d) Non Agri. Cooperative Credit (Table no. 4.16) and (e) Dairy cooperatives (Table no. 4.17).

131 (0 •O in o CO in 00 O in 00 CO CM in i> oo' oo' o ' m ' o ' 05' ;3 > lO in CD CO CD CO CM (N CM .' CM* cd' co' oo' co' cd' o CD CD CO CD 05 (N CM m 00 00 in o (N (N co' co' (N (N CO co' cd' 05' 0 )

00 lO 00 00 CM O o in m (Si O) N CD CO r>. CD o IS G lO q CO i- H (N CD O o CM o o lO csf CD oo' oo' in ' oo' co' l< o ' cd' cm' 05* cm' V ItuD CO CD CD o IN o O CD q CJ5 I> CD > co' cm' cm' co' co' co' co' ii(8 0> (N CD 00 N CM CD 05 CM m CO (M 00 CO 05 i-H in CM 0 eo . cq O q CO CM 05 CO CO 05 CO o lO 05 05 o ' (N t>-' in cd' oo' 01 cm' 0 (N CM^ CO r>-

CO < >> CO o CM IS CD I> lO (N 00 CM 00 00 CO CD (N a CO

m CO o CJ5 CO 00 in CO 05 00 CM oo' CD* in ' oo' oo' tN I 2 w CO in in CO CM CM CO CO CO in in (0 0) 00 m 05 4) CO S m 05 VlOIH O o .' CD cm' CD co' CJ5' In m CO CO m m cu 0) (0 Cfi in CD CD CD h - 00 05 05 05 m _

8 ‘S ^ o 3 cn "rt H (N CD 05 CM CD

CO (N CO

rM m CO CD in CD CO 00 02 in m in m l> CD CD m CD CD 00 05 02 CO CD c s csi (N §(N 00 00 O CD I-H t-H ° ° § I 02 C^' 02 02 d d in CO r-H I-H CO (N CD 00 in in m 00 00 00 d02 (N CO dCO dCO CO c6 CO

C>- 02 CD IN l> in 00 - CD c s CSI CM ^H I-H o CD CO CD CD CD o ^H m in in §

02 CD CD CO CO 00 00 CD 00 02 in in O o o CD ^H CD IS 02 a o c s CO I-H I-H CD CD CD r>. in I-H in csf oo' 1-H CO* CO* m* r-H ^H rt<* r^* t>-* ^^* 't * CM (N CSI 00 CO CO CO 02 tuD CD o CM (N CD CO 00 in

CO 00 CM o O o 00 CD CD CD o in CO o 00 00 N o CD CD CO CO CO CO cq 00 00 q 00 00 00 00 O 00 00 a l 3 § I-H ^H ^H ^H (N* CO* CM* c i t^* 00* CO* CO* o CO f-H d CD in 00 00 00 do 02 m N CJ2 CO* M* o f M* oq* C^* CO* | 3

CD o 00 CD CO M in o 02 02 00 o I-H t-H o o CSI CO 02 00 00 00 m CD C^ o o gCO CD c;2 CJ2 02 ' t »-H 00* ^^* h-* 00* 00* CD CD CD 00* CM* h-* 02* 02* CM* sia CSI CO CM CM CM c^ CM CSI CO I 00 CM CO CJ d CO CO CO

CO in CD o o CO in CD CD o in 00 CO ^H ^H I-H 00 ^H m m 00 o o CO o in CD 02 02 CM CM 00 IS 02 02 o 00 CO CD s ^H CM* 02* 00* N 00* 00* 02* C J2* CO* CM 't * CO CO CO CO CM ddCSI dCM CO* CM CM CO "IO s CM

in < < in CD CD CD 00 in 2 in CD 02 ^H I-H ^H 02 o O O (U 02 in 02 02 02 02 g 02 CS) I CO* CD* 02* t^* 00 o < -3 CO CO dCM dCM dCO 2 E

00 00 IS 00 00 00 in in in in 00 00 00 CSI CO CJ2 02 02 02 02 m m m m m

02 CD 02 CM CD IS 02 CO CD 02 o O o 0 o 0 o o o o o o o o o o I 1 1 I 1 I J I I I I I I J CD 00 CO m CD 00 CO in CD 00 ^H CO in CD 00 O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o -o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o CO

in CD

PO ro 05 O) 05 05 ID 00 00 00 00 00 in 00 o

(N CO CO (N 00 05 CO (N N lO CD 05 05 in CD O in in CO 00 05 lO in csi O 00 CD 05 CD* cd' co' 05 CO c s csf in q CD CD CD o (N rj- o 05 CO CO CO CO co' CO in 00

00 00 O CD 05 05 in 00 05 O (N CO c s 00 CO in CO' (N c s 05 CO in CO CO 05 m CO 00 (N (N (N c s 00 05' o

(N o 00 00 05 00 CD in CO CO 00 05 00 o o 05 (N O (N O 00 in ■oc CO 05 05 c s in 00 (N N CO CO l> I-H p H (N 05 05* in (N CO CO (N in CSI CO CO* in 00' 05* o c s (N CO

CO 00 (N CM 00 CO 05 CO o CO CD 05 CO 05 o CM OJ "cS CO in rH m (N O) 00 CM CSI CO co" (N 05 05' oo' oo' i-H 05 rAII CO CO in CO (/ ) Q csT (N CM oo‘

00 05 CO m CJ5 o CM Csi 05 CD 00 CO CO 00 00 00 I> in 00 CO o 05' 1-H in o o (N cm' CO 00 00 CO

in in o O u m m gg§ S§ o CO § I s O o

CO 00 CO in in m CO CO CO CO CO 45 CO CO CO CO CO CM M CM

C 0 | 00 05

' t m CO CO to CO CJ) (U 05 05 05 cs CO CD o CM 00 lO lO in in CD t'- 05 CJ5 05 i-H CO CO lO 00 (N CN CM COo m in 'H CO d d CO* 0 5 d d 00 d in lO in d oo' CJJ

CM 00 O) 05 CM CSI (N in 05 o CO 05 05 CO CM CM (N 00 00 00 00 05 CM CM 00 CM

00 00 O) 05 CO CO CO CO o 00 00 N o o in CO CO 00 CM m IS cl 05 1-H 05 CO 00 00 00 S § oo' in in oo' in co' co' m ' IS oo' in' in in' in CO co' ItuD o CO CO in in m IS 05 05 05 o CO 05 05 (N cm' cm' cm'

CO o> 05 CO 05 CD CO inN 05 I-H I-H 05 00 00 00 00in 05 mo o 00 00 00 CO CO CO f-H 00o oo IS d oo' CO* 00* d d co' CO* CO* CM* 00* in* CM* CO 00 00 rH CO 05 o CO CD CO 00 05 CD oo' oo' oo' 00* CO*

CO 05 05 CM CO N 05 00 CO CO 00 05 in (N CM N CO 00 00 00 00 CO CO CO CO 05 C35 CO in CM CO 00 o o oo 00 CO CD in N 00 t>.' d d csl' co' oo' CO* 00* d 00* CM* it in CO CD CO CN CSI 00 CO CO CO CO o o ^ 6 (N* CM*

£ 00 in in CM CO CD o CO CO CO CM CO CO 00 00 in CO CO CO 00 o 00 00 00 CSI o 00 CD CSI CO 00 in in in CO 00 o o rH co' d d d d d cm' CM* CD* d d d d C^' II 00 in CM cm CM CM CM m in in

CO r>- t ' . u § I S CM CO g I S 00 S § (N I O (J (L> q CO 00 CO CO ■^* d CO* d CM CM in* ^ ^ X o m m

0} m m in CM CO 00 in05 in05 m05 CM (N CM in in IS IS 05 05 CJ5

£ V ^ o m

CO 05 CD h - 05 (N CD 05 CM CO O 0 O O 0 O 0 O O O O O 0 I oI 1 I 1 1 1 ( o\ I I I oI 1 o\ CO in CD 00 CO in CD 00 CO m CO 00 CO in o o o o o o O o o o o o o O o o o o 8 o D o o o o o o o o o o o o CM (N CSI oq (N CN § CM CM O CM (N CM CM (N CM (N (N (U > CQ

CM 00 C / ) |

IT) m O . CD 05 CS C i N CD i d CO" CO csT CD o 00 CD rH 05 CO jll CSI

o CO CO 00 CO (N CO 0 5 m 00 m 05 CO in 05 00 CO CO § CO 05 CD d (N l> in r»_^ 05' d d d 05* i d o o 0 5 m 5 - SwI ) 00 in 00 oo' rH 00 1—I cd' d CO CO in m

CD o in m O 00 in 05 O 00 00 CD 00 00 CM in M I CD oq 00 S o o m d 05' in ' cm' d d 05 CD CD (N 05 CM in CD i CO' oo' 0 5 ' ' f CM 00 05' (N dCO CD 00 CJ5 CM

o 00 CO in CM 00 in CO CD CO CO CM 05 CM CM CD h - CO IS 00 N o 00 CO 00 m o 05 CD in 05 cm' i d cd' oo' 05* cm' oo' '=t cd' S' o CO CO IN CO CM 0 5 0 5 COI cm' cm' cm cm i d cd o co' ' ' co' co' oo' '

CO 05 O CD CO CD m in m O CM CM 05 O 00 I-H CD 05 rH o t>. 05 CM in CD CO in cq m CD m ' oo' i d i-H I-H co' CM oo' CD CD CD N 00 l> O 00 CM i d i d i d CD

CM 05 in 00 ^ 2 CD CD O O OJ ^ H I S ^H

CO CO CO CO (N O C- 00 o m CD CD cd 13 CM CM CM CM D P z o CO

05 CM CD 05 CM CD 05 O 0 O O O O O 0 O oI I 1 I I oI I I 1 to CD 00 CO m CD 00 CO m CD 00 O o 13 o o o O O O o o O O O o o o o O O O o o O O CM CM T3&CM CM c>^

m

roU3 o N 1> 1> 1> 05 lO CO CO CO CO 00 00 00 00 05 05 05 05 in (N CM 00 CO CD CD to ' ' t CS o o o CO o : 02 05 05 05 lO CO CO CO CO m CO CO CO a q CO CO CO CO iq (N CSI CS (N CD CD CD CD O '^ (N cd' in in in ' 00 00 o o o V « in CD CD CD CD m CD CD CD CD c o o o o o o O O o O c« N i> IN N N h - d o ' « tUD OT £cS ’O in m m in in m m in in in H 13 s® ' - ' (d « 5 (0 p o> •p4 o o o o o o CO CD CD CD CD CO CD CD CD CD ■M r-H CO CO CO CO 05 m in in m o 00 00 00 00 0) »4 H ■OL CD CD_^ CD CD 00 CD CD CD CD CO (N (N CS (N u in CO' CO co' C0‘ in in in in in 05 05' 05' 05' o o CS CS CS CS CS (N CS CS CO (0 •d IHu O V etf o 05 05 05 05 CO CO CO CO CO (N > m N I> N in m m m O CO CO CO CO •w4 Af 00 rH CO CD CD CD CO (N (N CS* (N c i co' CO' co' co' 2 ^ (Nd CS CS (N CS CS CS CS (N CM V d2i c/3I'lg Q § * cd ^ o a u a 4> ;3 05 in m in in in in in in CO O o O o U M CO N r-H in m in in • p4 0 CS CS (N CS CS CS (N CM (N CM m in m in in > Z u co' CO CO CO CO co' co' co' co' co' cd' cd' cd' cd' co' 0) }h CO «-H>» (D d i ” *1-1 O 1 0> § l1 ti m CS CS(N CS CM fSi (4_o :pV . (D

CO

CS CD N 00 CS CD 00 CS CD I> 00 o o o o o o o O o o o O o o I I I I I I I I 0) t-H CO in CD N a CO in CD N CO in CO N 1 o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o % o o o o o o o o o ■s CS CS CS CS CS CM CS CN CS

o CM CO CO Z ro 00 fO CO CD (N o O I

02 in in cs CSI CD CD_^ o CO co‘ 00 a o ^ CSI CO CO CD

O I> in m in o o 00 p H 02 Q -fe Di ^■' P -J ■ Q D ' — CSI m m

00 in in 02o 00 00 CSI csj^ CO CO d CO rfl is N

00 i> 00 00 N CO l> in in in oo" 00 C/3 Q

CD CD CD to C52 CJ2 o 02 l> h- s C>-‘ od 00 00 00 £2 S (U

W CD CD CD CD CD ‘wo .a :s CSI CSl CSI CSI CSI . (U is (n (N •rr 00 O 01 o o CO o 8 cn o o CSI CSI CSI CSI CSI

o CA)

roOl CO CD CD 0 0 i n CO CM 05 05 05 05 in ' o rH CO CO CO ei Is

-' co ' IN 0) CD d co' co' CN CD 00 CO co' 00 05 CM i n CO co ' cm' in Q cs cd' h'* V

0 i n O ) o CM 00 CJ5 i n o t '. CD CD CO PU in ' (N CJ5 CO oo' ID N 00 O in co' cm' cd' I §. oo' cd' (0 V O 03 00 CM CD 05 CO CM CO in 05 CM i n q CM CO o CS d co' t'-* d d rH d oo' o 00 CO 05 CJ5 i-H rH rH o rH (» co' i n in rH • o V CO rH IN in O CO rH in rH In O) CD i n 0 0 f-H in CM o CM o o CJ5 05 05 o N CD cd' d cm' O in 00 CO cd' cd' N in ' D^' a U d d

CO (N CO l> IN o in 05 CO 05 CD 0 C0 05 rH • p 4 (N o 00 00 00 CO 00 in IN 05 N C7) IH CD CD 00 CM CT5 O o O cs CD CD m IN 00 CD CD in N K oo‘ d d 00 l&s 1— 1 CSl CO CO 0) c/5 Q (0 V IN CD i n rH in In CO o LTj1 ^ «yo 2 — CO 05 i n 00 rH rH rH rH 0 CD m CD CD It |8 CD (U tdD - b S - V •IH « V M o wi CO CD 0 ) 00 o CD tn CO " it (U CD m i n CD i n v/> 53 1pq 1 o o o O o g o o o O o CSI CM CM CM CM CM (N I CM

in CD CD m O 00 i-H 05 05 i> CO 05 o 00 in 00 g 00 in 05' cd' (N in 05 05 o o o

m CD CD 05 05 CD 00 (N CD 00 00 ' ' t 00 CO in (N in cn N 00 00 00 O o (N g CD •>: Di f-H (N oo' co‘ in N K 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

CO CD 05 05 CO 00 in 05o in CO 00 m CD (N CD co' CD cd co‘ t '.'

00 CD CD t^ in 00 N 05 05 Cfi 05 in m in l> o CD CO CO (N ^ — CD N 05 o m (N 05 h - cd' cd CD cd d CO co' as in m in in in (U — ' Q

05 CO 05 N 05 05 CD o 05 05o CM CD 05 05 00 00 o CO o cd cd cd in cd c s

in CO 00 00 l> 00 05 CO (0 05 o o I o CO N CO 00 05 05 05 00 S o (U a ' a s I o ucd o o (U I •S ■o CO o O CSI o o 00 00 CD N (N .s^ IS 00 00 00 in 05 f-H o :d CD CD CD CD 05 0 05 05 . V -o CD o (N (N V In I sCO 0 1I cc (U G

U) o Q a CM V cc o a o (n :i o QU

(A CO 00 CD V V

O ftiQ > d o < (A V o cs CM > cs 05 m 00 •pH +-1c« foH IN o a f-H 05 05 irf IH e2 j 1-H V a o m o CO o CO Ul>> 1 ° •FH 6 2 Q

O) 00 m CD X lA V IH 100 o W) Pk 05 O 00 (/) a x: (N(N (N CM CO

V 2 C0 H c / ) ^ cs CO

fM I

I CO o O 2

V m

° | a

m

2

i s

TO S I ’ o° CO 2 a rt (N (N CSI

C / )| in CD 00 03

m o O o O O O o o o O IN in CM (N CM (N o o o CO

n!I O O COO 2

CD CO 05 CD 00 CD o (N lU O O O O CO l|S <

CO 00 m CM 00 CM m 05 CD 00 05 CO CO CD 00 CD N 05 CO in 00 N 00 CO CM 05 0 05 (N in oq CM CO q Csl 00 fH CM 00 CO 05_^ (N in CO (N 00 i-H co' CO CD m md CO CO CO (N

00 00 o 05 CO in 05 CM CM o CO CM CO in m CM CM in in (N CO O) o CD (N (N 00 CO 05 CM CO CO (N (N (N d in in 00 05 in in CM

00 00 o 05 CO CO m (N m CO CM 00 o o 05 (N 1> o o CO CO CO CO £ g* o° CO 2

CD CD (N CO 05 M 05 05 O § O O o o o O O o I I I I I I I §I I in 00 CO m 00 r-i CO in 00 CO in 00 00 o o o o o o o o o 1 o o o o o o o o o CM CSI CM M CM CM CM C m c o l CM CO

5 CSI CO & O CO 2

Q ? d . <

CSI

2 II

CM cs C<| CM

C/5;| m

Ln 't VI. Transport and Communication Pune city is situated in Western Maharashtra. Total area of the District is 15462 kms. Towards North and East of the Pune, Ahmednagar District is there while towards West Raigad and toward South Satara District is there while on East- South-Solapur District is situated. Pune is 170 kms away from Mumbai the capital city of Maharashtra. While going to East Maharashtra by Road we have to go through roads from Pune City. Pune is a place from where we can easily approach to the Airport. Railway station and Bus station, National Highway No.4, NH-9 and 50 passess from the city while State Highway No.27 is going from the Pune city only. (A) Roads : The Roads from Pune city and around the Pune District are made either by State Govt, of Maharashtra, Zilla Parishad or with the combine help and operation of Central Govt, State Govt & local authorities. Now a days the Roads like Express-highways are also come up on B.O.T. Basis (i.e. Build Operate & Transfer basis) of course in these cases the vechicles who are using these roads are supposed to pay the toll charges. (B) Railway ; In Pune, the Southern Central Railway is working by railway maximum trains from Mumbai to to Hydrabad, - , Kanyakumari etc. goes from Pune only. Daund is one of the important railway junction in Pune District. (C) Airport : In Pune Airport is there. This airport is basically owned and operated by the Defence department of the Indian Governemnt the use of this airport for public at large is restricted to some extend. In the coming years near Chakan- there is a possibility of construction of International Airport. Table Nos. from 4.18 and 4.19 are giving the details of state transport & municipal transport facilities in the District. It includes the number of routes, length of routes available vehicles, No. of Passengers average travelled etc. From the communication point of view, the number of Post offices. Telephone services and Telephone services for the period from 2001-02 to 2007-08 are considered. (Table No.4.20) No. of Passengers vehicles, e.g.. Buses, Motors, Jeeps, etc, 2 Wheelers, School Buses, Goods Transport vehicles, 3, 4 Wheelers etc. which are registered 146 with Regional transport authorities during the period from 2002 to 2008 are given table No.4.21

Table 4.18 State Transport & Municipal Transport - (Passengers Transport)

S. Particulars S.T. P.M.T.P.C.M.T. No. P.M.P.M.L. No. of Routes (Nos) 2001-02 1024 184 57 1 2003-04 1000 171 56 2005-06 1012 NA NA 2007-08 1032 NA NA Length of Route (total in kms) 2001-02 77557 3663 1430 2 2003-04 73918 3219 1320 2005-06 75621.5 NA NA 2007-08 80609.4 NA NA Available vehicles working 2001-02 1020/974 808/6457 232/121 3 2003-04 918/924 849/697 212/117 2005-06 968/919.25 NA NA 2007-08 1006/943 NA NA No.of Passengers Average travelled in lakhs) 2001-02 3.24 4.31 0.55 4 2003-04 2.92 5.6 0.76 2005-06 3.19 NA NA 2007-08 3.29 NA NA Annual Income (Rs.in 000) 2001-02 1566789 898118 144563 5 2003-04 1692358 1127444 206129 2005-06 1941422 NA NA 2007-08 2231753 NA NA Average Income Per day / per passenger 2001-02 13.25 571 720 6 2003-04 15.88 552 743 2005-06 16.69 NA NA 2007-08 18.53 NA NA

147 Table 4.19: LENGTH OF ROADS (on the basis of type & surface of Roads) (Kms) Main S. Particulars N.H. Main S.H. S.H. Other Rural Total No. S.H. District Villages Area Roads By - Public Woris Department 2001-02 300 65 1259 2213 12 __ 3849 2003-04 272 65 1314 2270 24 --- 3945 (I) 2004-05 367 0 1321 2945 24 --- 4657 2005-06 367 0 1321 2945 24 __ 4657 2006-07 447 0 1313 2949 24 __ 4168 2007-08 367 0 1317 2950 7 __ 4640 Roads By - ZiUa Parishad 2001-02 0 0 0 614 2422 6439 9475 2003-04 0 0 0 640 2454 6479 9573 (II) 2004-05 0 0 0 0 2426 6474 8900 2005-06 0 0 0 0 2528 6589 9147 2006-07 0 0 0 0 2558 6590 9148 2007-08 0 0 0 0 2575 6698 9279 Roads by Municiple Corporation /Nagar Pallka 2001-02 31 0 44 38 28 12 153 2003-04 30 0 5 1 0 0 36 (III) 2004-05 30 0 5 1 0 0 36 2005-06 30 0 5 1 0 0 36 2006-07 30 0 9 1 0 0 40 2007-08 30 0 9 1 0 0 40 Total length of District 2001-02 331 65 1303 2865 2462 6451 13477 2003-04 302 65 1319 2911 2478 6479 13554 (IV) 2004-05 397 0 1326 2946 2450 6474 13593 2005-06 397 0 1326 2946 2582 6589 13840 2006-07 477 0 1322 2950 2582 6590 13921 2007-08 397 0 1317 2950 2582 668 13943

148 Table 4.20

Post Office Service in Pune (Nos) No. of Villages S. No. Particulars Post Letter Postmen having postal Offices Boxes services 1 2001-02 796 3243 1418) 663 2 2003-04 800 3271 1395) 666 3 2004-05 795 3350 1326 665 4 2005-06 793 3356 788 650 5 2006-07 793 3362 772 655 6 2007-08 793 3354 773 643

Table 4.21 Telephone Services in Pune (Nos) No. of Telephones S. No. Particulars PCO’s Rural City Total 1 2001-02 NA NA 6,33,380 NA 2 2003-04 NA NA 6,50,942 NA 3 2004-05 1,07,148 5,35,081 6,42,229 48,565 4 2005-06 1,11,552 4,77,942 5,89,494 38,316 5 2006-07 1,02,155 4,61,415 5,63,570 38,666 6 2007-08 94,528 4,48,346 5,42,874 41,104

149 Table 4.22 No. of Permit Holders and Non- Permit Holders in Pune District S. No. Particulars 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008 A. Passengers Vehicles (1) Buses 4803 5069 8878 11586 12460 (11) Motors 140447 171139 155460 184672 252035 (III) Jeep’s 41169 45554 52717 (IV) Taxi 4595 5962 8194 10602 18042 (V) Rickshaw’s 3 Seaters 59479 61293 58531 58793 60629 6 Seaters 4678 4678 5468 (VI) Two-Wheelers 935084 1133948 1258977 1407060 1652840 (VII) Ambulance 912 970 1074 1137 1282 (VIII) School Buses 91 262 345 394 2313 Total (A) 1145411 1378643 1537306 1724376 2057804 B. Goods Transport Vehicles (I) 4 - Wheelers 26317 27327 21882 24633 28671 (11) 3 - Wheelers 23765 27278 33815 (III) Tractors 17544 18605 19516 21406 22724 (IV) Jod-Vehicles 13545 14263 14867 16070 12807 (V) Others 37994 45144 36239 38637 45851 Total (B) 95400 105339 116269 128024 143868 c. No. of Permit holders (1) Two - Wheelers NA NA NA NA NA (11) Light Vehicles NA NA 2225152 2360412 2830080 (III) Heavy Vehicles NA NA NA NA NA (IV) Auto-Rickshaws NA NA 63209 63209 63209 Total (C) NA NA 2288361 2423621 2893289 Grand Total (A+B+C) 1240811 1483982 3941936 4276021 5094961

VII. Plan Expenditures on Various Heads The Government of Maharashtra has spent the possible amount for the development of Pune district: these expenses are spent on the various heads like 1. Agriculture and allied Services. 2. Rural Development 3. Irrigation and Flood Control 4. Energy and Electricity

150 5. Industries and Mining 6. Transport and Communication 7. General Administration and 8. Other Social and Collective Services. The amount spend during the period from 2001-02 to 2007-08 are shown in table no. 4.23 as follows:

Table 4.23 : Plan Expenditure etc. in Pune District

(Rs.in lacks) 3T. TT^UI M6<»> !i

151 3T. rlUVflrt 34lRcHfil TI^I g>. ■^fhSRT JcjiTlJI c| ^|U|+TO (Industries & Mining) 2001-02 NA NA NA NA NA 131.69 2003-04 NA NA NA NA NA 42.42 5 2004-05 48.17 0 0 4.64 0 52.81 2005-06 60.77 0.1 0.05 6.6 0 67.52 2006-07 58.36 0.1 0.05 366 0 424.51 2007-08 389.43 41.8 0 242.78 0 674.01 =1164+ =1 c^c6U|cio4U| (Transport & Communication) 2001-02 NA NA NA NA NA 492.29 2003-04 NA NA NA NA NA 722.21 6 2004-05 500.86 25.32 0 0 0 526.18 2005-06 1388.5 416.72 0 0 0 1805.3 2006-07 1131.5 565.88 294.27 0 0 1991.7 2007-08 1220.3 163.64 34.1 0 0 1418 yiHi-M (Several Administration etc.) 2001-02 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2003-04 NA NA NA NA NA NA 7 2004-05 6.97 0 0 0 0 6.97 2005-06 28.59 0 0 0 0 28.59 2006-07 59.99 0 0 0 0 59.99 2007-08 32.21 0 0 0 0 32.21 ^ ^ (Other Social & Collective Service) 2001-02 NA NA NA NA NA 2228.2 2003-04 NA NA NA NA NA 1667.3 8 2004-05 805.63 189.37 76.91 834.04 0 1906 2005-06 1195.7 354.28 156.02 1903.9 0 3610.6 2006-07 1570.4 3054.4 156.62 2086.3 0 4166.7 2007-08 1884.1 452.11 379.13 4565.8 0 7181.2 (Summary) 2001-02 NA NA NA NA NA 4711.3 2003-04 NA NA NA NA NA 4499.5 9 2004-05 2552.4 311.23 107.34 1248.9 0 4219.8 2005-06 4503.3 1114.4 241.25 2638.1 0 8492.1 2006-07 4843.6 1307.9 540.02 4003.2 0 10695 2007-08 6151.3 1377.2 556.96 7258.1 0 15354

152