DOCSLIB.ORG

The Black Flame Trilogy, Multigenerational Educational Trauma, and the Dehumanization of Black Students

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Black Flame Trilogy, Multigenerational Educational Trauma, and the Dehumanization of Black Students University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 8-3-2013 THE BLACK FLAME TRILOGY, MULTIGENERATIONAL EDUCATIONAL TRAUMA, AND THE DEHUMANIZATION OF BLACK STUDENTS June Cara Christian University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Christian, June Cara, "THE BLACK FLAME TRILOGY, MULTIGENERATIONAL EDUCATIONAL TRAUMA, AND THE DEHUMANIZATION OF BLACK STUDENTS" (2013). Dissertations. 291. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/291 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BLACK FLAME TRILOGY, MULTIGENERATIONAL EDUCATIONAL TRAUMA, AND THE DEHUMANIZATION OF BLACK STUDENTS BY JUNE CARA CHRISTIAN B.A., Washington University in St. Louis, 1999 M.A., Tennessee State University, 2002 M.A.Ed., Washington University in St. Louis, 2008 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Leadership and Policy Studies in the Graduate School of the University of Missouri – St. Louis, 2011 Advisory Committee Matthew D. Davis, Ph.D. Chairperson Lynn Beckwith, Ed.D. Carl Hoagland, Ph.D. Billie Mayo, Ed.D. Copyright, June Cara Christian, 2011 ABSTRACT This study identifies W.E.B. Du Bois’ theory of education as put forth in his Black Flame trilogy (BFT). A longitudinal survey of culture and society—specifically educational disparities in the United States from 1863 through 1956, the BFT bears close textual analysis to reveal how the processes of racialization and colonization as well as the movement toward globalization influence education and its contribution to the dehumanization of students. Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome and critical race theory are theoretical tools of analysis that create a multi-generational dialectic that understands Du Bois’ BFT as a socio-historical analysis of White supremacy that establishes a theory of dehumanization in education. African critical theory (ACT) provides the frame that privileges the words of the elders and people sharing a common response to the dominant narrative surrounding Black students, the achievement gap, and the myth of Black inferiority. Using Du Bois’ voice throughout the analysis creates a dialectic counter-story to understand and identify existing symptoms of dehumanization, particularly in education so that we may finally seek remedy and redress. iii DEDICATION To the most honorable person I know, my mother, Cleter Rogers Christian. You have instilled in me the want and will to do for others, selflessly, without recognition. There are no words that can express my love and appreciation for you. The gift of your love and your example prove, for me, the purest existence of God’s abiding and unconditional love. To my father, Johnnie Christian, your life is the greatest testament of strength and perseverance of the human spirit. To my sister, Jon Carita, our friendship inspires me to be a better, gentler person. Your perspective continues to help me grow as a person and an intellectual. To my aunts and uncles, thank you for your support and examples of excellence. And, to the memories of my grandparents, Zelma and Robbie Rogers. “Get your learning—can’t nobody can take that away from you.” iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would not have been able to complete this dissertation without the guidance of committee members and the love and support of friends and family. I would like to express my deepest appreciation and gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Matthew Davis, for his excellent guidance, caring, patience, persistence, and belief in my research and ability. Without his unwavering support and patience, I would not have centered my research on the Black Flame trilogy or honed my research. I would like to thank Dr. Billie Mayo for her continued belief in me as well as my research. Special thanks goes to Dr. Lynn Beckwith, Jr. and Dr. Carl Hoagland, who were willing to participate on my committee—guiding and challenging my research to create the best document possible. I would like to thank Vanessa Barbour for her counsel and honest reflection. I would like to express my abiding gratitude to Janiese Middlebrooks for her spirited encouragement and friendship throughout my graduate study. I would like to thank my parents and my elder sister for their love and support. There is no possible way I could have completed this project without their encouragement and confidence in me. Finally, I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. Rogers, Dr. DeGruy, and Dr. Rabaka, their examples and words of encouragement stayed with me during the writing process. v Table of Contents ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ x Chapter One: An Introduction Education, Dehumanization, Multigenerational Trauma and the Black Flame Trilogy ................................................................................. 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Race, Schooling, and Education ......................................................................................... 3 Toward a Theory of Dehumanization in Education ............................................................ 9 The Myth of Black Inferiority ..................................................................................... 11 W. E. B. Du Bois and the Black Flame Trilogy ......................................................... 14 Critical Race Theory Counter-Storytelling and the Black Flame Trilogy .................. 18 Definitions ................................................................................................................... 21 Delimitations ............................................................................................................... 25 Chapter Two: Africana Philosophy of Education and Lynching in the Classroom ......... 26 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 26 African American Philosophy of Education ............................................................... 26 Lynching in the Schoolroom—The Context of Black Education ............................... 30 Chapter Three: Method .................................................................................................... 35 vi Rationale ........................................................................................................................... 35 Critical Orientation ..................................................................................................... 37 Africana Critical Theory ............................................................................................. 38 Identifying Trauma ..................................................................................................... 41 Data Collection ................................................................................................................. 42 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................... 50 Analyzing the Origins of Trauma ............................................................................... 51 Critical Race Theory Analysis of The Black Flame ................................................... 55 Limitations .................................................................................................................. 56 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 57 Chapter 4: Understanding The Ordeal ............................................................................. 59 “At Home, 31 Grace Court, Brooklyn” ............................................................................ 59 The World Inherited .......................................................................................................... 62 The World Encountered .................................................................................................... 67 The World Impacted ......................................................................................................... 70 Racialization ..................................................................................................................... 77 Racialization and Education ....................................................................................... 80 The Psychic Detriment of Racialization ..................................................................... 84 The Material Detriment of Racialization .................................................................... 94 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 97 Chapter 5:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Benevolent Colonizers in Nineteenth-Century Australia Quaker Lives and Ideals
    Benevolent Colonizers in Nineteenth-Century Australia Quaker Lives and Ideals Eva Bischoff Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series Series Editors Richard Drayton Department of History King’s College London London, UK Saul Dubow Magdalene College University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK The Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies series is a collection of studies on empires in world history and on the societies and cultures which emerged from colonialism. It includes both transnational, comparative and connective studies, and studies which address where particular regions or nations participate in global phenomena. While in the past the series focused on the British Empire and Commonwealth, in its current incarna- tion there is no imperial system, period of human history or part of the world which lies outside of its compass. While we particularly welcome the first monographs of young researchers, we also seek major studies by more senior scholars, and welcome collections of essays with a strong thematic focus. The series includes work on politics, economics, culture, literature, science, art, medicine, and war. Our aim is to collect the most exciting new scholarship on world history with an imperial theme. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/13937 Eva Bischoff Benevolent Colonizers in Nineteenth-­ Century Australia Quaker Lives and Ideals Eva Bischoff Department of International History Trier University Trier, Germany Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series ISBN 978-3-030-32666-1 ISBN 978-3-030-32667-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32667-8 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • The Law of the Image and the Image of the Law: Colonial Representations of the Rule of Law
    NYLS Law Review Vols. 22-63 (1976-2019) Volume 57 Issue 1 Visualizing Law in the Digital Age Article 9 January 2013 The Law of the Image and the Image of the Law: Colonial Representations of the Rule of Law Desmond Manderson Australian National University College of Law, Research School of Humanities and the Arts, Australian National University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/nyls_law_review Part of the Jurisprudence Commons, and the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation Desmond Manderson, The Law of the Image and the Image of the Law: Colonial Representations of the Rule of Law, 57 N.Y.L. SCH. L. REV. (2012-2013). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@NYLS. It has been accepted for inclusion in NYLS Law Review by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@NYLS. VOLUME 57 | 2012/13 DESMOND MANDERSON The Law of the Image and the Image of the Law: Colonial Representations of the Rule of Law 57 N.Y.L. Sch. L. Rev. 153 (2012–2013) ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Future Fellow at The Australian National University, where he is jointly appointed in the ANU College of Law and the Research School of Humanities and the Arts. From 2002 to 2011, he held the Canada Research Chair in Law and Discourse position at McGill University and was also Director of the Institute for the Public Life of Arts and Ideas. A version of this essay appears as Desmond Manderson, Governor Arthur’s Proclamation: Images of the Rule of Law, in Law and Art: Justice, Ethics and Aesthetics 288 (Oren Ben-Dor ed., 2011) and appears in the current collection with the kind permission of the editor and publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • Intimacies of Violence in the Settler Colony Economies of Dispossession Around the Pacific Rim
    Cambridge Imperial & Post-Colonial Studies INTIMACIES OF VIOLENCE IN THE SETTLER COLONY ECONOMIES OF DISPOSSESSION AROUND THE PACIFIC RIM EDITED BY PENELOPE EDMONDS & AMANDA NETTELBECK Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series Series Editors Richard Drayton Department of History King’s College London London, UK Saul Dubow Magdalene College University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK The Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies series is a collection of studies on empires in world history and on the societies and cultures which emerged from colonialism. It includes both transnational, comparative and connective studies, and studies which address where particular regions or nations participate in global phenomena. While in the past the series focused on the British Empire and Commonwealth, in its current incarna- tion there is no imperial system, period of human history or part of the world which lies outside of its compass. While we particularly welcome the first monographs of young researchers, we also seek major studies by more senior scholars, and welcome collections of essays with a strong thematic focus. The series includes work on politics, economics, culture, literature, science, art, medicine, and war. Our aim is to collect the most exciting new scholarship on world history with an imperial theme. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/13937 Penelope Edmonds Amanda Nettelbeck Editors Intimacies of Violence in the Settler Colony Economies of Dispossession around the Pacific Rim Editors Penelope Edmonds Amanda Nettelbeck School of Humanities School of Humanities University of Tasmania University of Adelaide Hobart, TAS, Australia Adelaide, SA, Australia Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series ISBN 978-3-319-76230-2 ISBN 978-3-319-76231-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76231-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018941557 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Le Bonheur Est Dans Le
    UNE PUBLICATION No 31 DU COLLECTIF JUIN 2009 MENSUEL Daily Rock GRATUIT TOUTE L’ACTUALITÉ BRÛLANTE DU ROCK EN ROMANDIE Bière et punk, Marilyn Manson, Solartones, bière et punk ! God of Fuck is back ! p. 2 2ème opus p. 4 p. 12 Greenfield, le bonheur est dans le pré Les organisateurs Slayer, les Smashing Pumpkins, Sonic Youth, Stone Sour, NOFX, du Greenfield ont Bullet for my Valentine, Bad Religion, The Offspring… A croire que la vraiment trouvé programmation est chaque année l’endroit idéal touchée par la grâce des dieux du rock. La chance du festival est qu’il se pour le festival situe juste après le grand rendez-vous allemand Rock Am Ring/Rock Im le plus rock’n’roll Park. Ce dernier proposant toujours de Suisse. une affiche carrément hallucinante d’éclectisme et de qualité, le Edito Ancré au pied des montagnes et calé Greenfield arrive toujours à faire venir entre les lacs de Thun et de Brienz une jolie sélection de ces artistes. Rockeuses, Rockeurs, dans un décor toujours magnifique. D’ailleurs, certains deviennent de Par beau ou par mauvais temps, par véritables abonnés de ce rendez-vous C’est pas parce qu’on le montre pas un soleil réchauffant ou par une hell-vétique à l’image du combo qu’on le vit pas. Chez Daily Rock, nous brume légère enveloppant les monts punk-celtique Flogging Molly, des le vivons à fond ! Une clope dans une verdoyants, quoi de plus beau que voir Queens of the Stone Age, ou encore main, un verre dans l’autre, cet édito ces majestueuses montagnes serties de Therapy?.
    [Show full text]
  • Genocide Studies and Prevention: an International Journal
    Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 11 Issue 1 Information and Communications Technologies in Mass Atrocities Research and Article 2 Response 5-2017 Full Issue 11.1 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation (2017) "Full Issue 11.1," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 11: Iss. 1: 1-128. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.11.1 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol11/iss1/2 This Front Matter is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i ISSN 1911-0359 eISSN 1911-9933 Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 11.1 - 2017 ©2017 Genocide Studies and Prevention 11, no. 1 http://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.11.1 ii ©2017 Genocide Studies and Prevention 11, no. 1 http://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.11.1 iii Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/ Volume 11.1 - 2017 Randle DeFalco, Christian Gudehus, Douglas Irvin-Erickson, Yasemin Irvin-Erickson, Roland Moerland, Melanie O’Brien, and Y-Dang Troeung Editors’ Introduction ................................................................................................................1 Symposium on the State of the Field Colette Mazzucelli and Anna Visvizi Querying the Ethics of Data Collection as a Community of Research and Practice: The Movement Toward the “Liberalism of Fear” to Protect the Vulnerable ............................2 Kristin B.
    [Show full text]
  • Tatz MIC Castan Essay Dec 2011
    Indigenous Human Rights and History: occasional papers Series Editors: Lynette Russell, Melissa Castan The editors welcome written submissions writing on issues of Indigenous human rights and history. Please send enquiries including an abstract to arts- [email protected]. ISBN 978-0-9872391-0-5 Genocide in Australia: By Accident or Design? Colin Tatz © Indigenous Human Rights and History Vol 1(1). The essays in this series are fully refereed. Editorial committee: John Bradley, Melissa Castan, Stephen Gray, Zane Ma Rhea and Lynette Russell. Genocide in Australia: By Accident or Design? Colin Tatz © Colin Tatz 1 CONTENTS Editor’s Acknowledgements …… 3 Editor’s introduction …… 4 The Context …… 11 Australia and the Genocide Convention …… 12 Perceptions of the Victims …… 18 Killing Members of the Group …… 22 Protection by Segregation …… 29 Forcible Child Removals — the Stolen Generations …… 36 The Politics of Amnesia — Denialism …… 44 The Politics of Apology — Admissions, Regrets and Law Suits …… 53 Eyewitness Accounts — the Killings …… 58 Eyewitness Accounts — the Child Removals …… 68 Moving On, Moving From …… 76 References …… 84 Appendix — Some Known Massacre Sites and Dates …… 100 2 Acknowledgements The Editors would like to thank Dr Stephen Gray, Associate Professor John Bradley and Dr Zane Ma Rhea for their feedback on earlier versions of this essay. Myles Russell-Cook created the design layout and desk-top publishing. Financial assistance was generously provided by the Castan Centre for Human Rights Law and the School of Journalism, Australian and Indigenous Studies. 3 Editor’s introduction This essay is the first in a new series of scholarly discussion papers published jointly by the Monash Indigenous Centre and the Castan Centre for Human Rights Law.
    [Show full text]
  • Genocide, Ethnocide, Ecocide, with Special Reference to Indigenous Peoples: a Bibliography
    Genocide, Ethnocide, Ecocide, with Special Reference to Indigenous Peoples: A Bibliography Robert K. Hitchcock Department of Anthropology and Geography University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 68588-0368 [email protected] Adalian, Rouben (1991) The Armenian Genocide: Context and Legacy. Social Education 55(2):99-104. Adalian, Rouben (1997) The Armenian Genocide. In Century of Genocide: Eyewitness Accounts and Critical Views, Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons and Israel W. Charny eds. Pp. 41-77. New York and London: Garland Publishing Inc. Adams, David Wallace (1995) Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience 1875-1928. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. Africa Watch (1989) Zimbabwe, A Break with the Past? Human Rights and Political Unity. New York and Washington, D.C.: Africa Watch Committee. Africa Watch (1990) Somalia: A Government at War With Its Own People. Testimonies about the Killings and the Conflict in the North. New York, New York: Human Rights Watch. African Rights (1995a) Facing Genocide: The Nuba of Sudan. London: African Rights. African Rights (1995b) Rwanda: Death, Despair, and Defiance. London: African Rights. African Rights (1996) Rwanda: Killing the Evidence: Murders, Attacks, Arrests, and Intimidation of Survivors and Witnesses. London: African Rights. Albert, Bruce (1994) Gold Miners and Yanomami Indians in the Brazilian Amazon: The Hashimu Massacre. In Who Pays the Price? The Sociocultural Context of Environmental Crisis, Barbara Rose Johnston, ed. pp. 47-55. Washington D.C. and Covelo, California: Island Press. Allen, B. (1996) Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzogovina and Croatia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. American Anthropological Association (1991) Report of the Special Commission to Investigate the Situation of the Brazilian Yanomami, June, 1991.
    [Show full text]
  • The Utilization of Truganini's Human Remains in Colonial Tasmania
    History of Anthropology Newsletter Volume 39 Issue 1 June 2012 Article 3 January 2012 The Utilization of Truganini's Human Remains in Colonial Tasmania Antje Kühnast Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/han Part of the Anthropology Commons, and the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Kühnast, Antje (2012) "The Utilization of Truganini's Human Remains in Colonial Tasmania," History of Anthropology Newsletter: Vol. 39 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/han/vol39/iss1/3 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/han/vol39/iss1/3 For more information, please contact [email protected]. History of Anthropology Newsletter 39.1 (June 2012) / 3 1 The Utilization of Truganini’s Human Remains in Colonial Tasmania Antje Kühnast, University of New South Wales, [email protected] Between 1904 and 1947, visitors to the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery in Hobart who stepped into the Aboriginal exhibition room were instantly confronted with the death of their colony’s indigenous population—or so they were led to believe. Their gaze encountered a glass case presenting the skeleton of “Truganini, The Last Tasmanian Aboriginal” (advertisement, June 24, 1905). Also known as “Queen Truganini” at her older age, representations of her reflect the many, often contradictory, interpretations of her life and agency in colonial Tasmania. She has been depicted as selfish collaborator with the colonizer, savvy savior of her race, callous resistance fighter, promiscuous prostitute who preferred whites instead of her “own” men (e.g. Rae-Ellis, 1981), and “symbol for struggle and survival” (Ryan, 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Genocide, Memory and History
    AFTERMATH GENOCIDE, MEMORY AND HISTORY EDITED BY KAREN AUERBACH AFTERMATH AFTERMATH GENOCIDE, MEMORY AND HISTORY EDITED BY KAREN AUERBACH Aftermath: Genocide, Memory and History © Copyright 2015 Copyright of the individual chapters is held by the chapter’s author/s. Copyright of this edited collection is held by Karen Auerbach. All rights reserved. Apart from any uses permitted by Australia’s Copyright Act 1968, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the copyright owners. Inquiries should be directed to the publisher. Monash University Publishing Matheson Library and Information Services Building 40 Exhibition Walk Monash University Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia www.publishing.monash.edu Monash University Publishing brings to the world publications which advance the best traditions of humane and enlightened thought. Monash University Publishing titles pass through a rigorous process of independent peer review. www.publishing.monash.edu/books/agmh-9781922235633.html Design: Les Thomas ISBN: 978-1-922235-63-3 (paperback) ISBN: 978-1-922235-64-0 (PDF) ISBN: 978-1-876924-84-3 (epub) National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Title: Aftermath : genocide, memory and history / editor Karen Auerbach ISBN 9781922235633 (paperback) Series: History Subjects: Genocide. Genocide--Political aspects. Collective memory--Political aspects. Memorialization--Political aspects. Other Creators/Contributors: Auerbach, Karen, editor. Dewey Number: 304.663 CONTENTS Introduction ...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • NOTES on the TASMANIAN "BLACK WAR" 1827 • 1830 [By J
    495 NOTES ON THE TASMANIAN "BLACK WAR" 1827 • 1830 [By J. C. H. GILL, B.A., LL.B.] (Read to a meeting of The Royal Historical Society of Queensland on 23 May 1968.) (AU Rights Reserved) The Tasmanian Aboriginal, in general, and my topic, in particular, have an extensive bibliography and much archival material is also avaUable in the State Archives of Tasmania and in the Mitchell and Dixson Collections in the PubUc Library of New South Wales. James Bonwick (in 1870), J. E. Calder (1875) and C. TumbuU (1948) aU wrote accounts of the Black War con­ jointly with an account of the extirpation of the Tasmanoids.* It is obvious that to cover the subject properly one would require 900 pages instead of the 9,000 words to which I am Umited. Furthermore, unlimited time to research amongst archival material would be needed and research of this nature has not been possible at all. However, before Bonwick's work in 1870 there had already been written a number of Histories of Tasmania, as you will note from my own bibliography. MelvUle and Bischoff are virtuaUy contemporary with the topic and West little more than twenty years after the event. With these as my principal sources for the events of 1827-1830 I have sought briefly to recapitulate the sad story from its sorry beginning to its tragic aftermath with some observations on possible causes and effects. AN ENIGMA The Tasmanian aborigines, like all extinct peoples, must remain perforce something of an enigma, despite the fact that the last of them died within living memory.
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Music Collection
    Christopher Lee :: Personal Music Collection electricshockmusic.com :: Saturday, 25 September 2021 < Back Forward > Christopher Lee's Personal Music Collection | # | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | | DVD Audio | DVD Video | COMPACT DISCS Artist Title Year Label Notes # Digitally 10CC 10cc 1973, 2007 ZT's/Cherry Red Remastered UK import 4-CD Boxed Set 10CC Before During After: The Story Of 10cc 2017 UMC Netherlands import 10CC I'm Not In Love: The Essential 10cc 2016 Spectrum UK import Digitally 10CC The Original Soundtrack 1975, 1997 Mercury Remastered UK import Digitally Remastered 10CC The Very Best Of 10cc 1997 Mercury Australian import 80's Symphonic 2018 Rhino THE 1975 A Brief Inquiry Into Online Relationships 2018 Dirty Hit/Polydor UK import I Like It When You Sleep, For You Are So Beautiful THE 1975 2016 Dirty Hit/Interscope Yet So Unaware Of It THE 1975 Notes On A Conditional Form 2020 Dirty Hit/Interscope THE 1975 The 1975 2013 Dirty Hit/Polydor UK import {Return to Top} A A-HA 25 2010 Warner Bros./Rhino UK import A-HA Analogue 2005 Polydor Thailand import Deluxe Fanbox Edition A-HA Cast In Steel 2015 We Love Music/Polydor Boxed Set German import A-HA East Of The Sun West Of The Moon 1990 Warner Bros. German import Digitally Remastered A-HA East Of The Sun West Of The Moon 1990, 2015 Warner Bros./Rhino 2-CD/1-DVD Edition UK import 2-CD/1-DVD Ending On A High Note: The Final Concert Live At A-HA 2011 Universal Music Deluxe Edition Oslo Spektrum German import A-HA Foot Of The Mountain 2009 Universal Music German import A-HA Hunting High And Low 1985 Reprise Digitally Remastered A-HA Hunting High And Low 1985, 2010 Warner Bros./Rhino 2-CD Edition UK import Digitally Remastered Hunting High And Low: 30th Anniversary Deluxe A-HA 1985, 2015 Warner Bros./Rhino 4-CD/1-DVD Edition Boxed Set German import A-HA Lifelines 2002 WEA German import Digitally Remastered A-HA Lifelines 2002, 2019 Warner Bros./Rhino 2-CD Edition UK import A-HA Memorial Beach 1993 Warner Bros.
    [Show full text]
  • A Different Mode of War? Aboriginal 'Guerilla Tactics' in Defining The
    A different mode of war? Aboriginal ‘guerilla tactics’ in defining the ‘Black War’ of Southern Queensland 1843-1855 A paper presented July 2014 AHA Conference, University of Queensland, Brisbane RayKerkhove, PhD Abstract Frontier violence is now an accepted chapter of Australian history. Indigenous resistance underlies this story, yet it has barely been examined as a military phenomenon (Connor 2004). Our understanding of military strategies Indigenous groups employed, and their broader objectives in undertaking resistance remains vague, being more often assumed than proven. Building on Laurie’s and Cilento’s contentions (1959) that an alliance of Aboriginal groups staged a fairly successful ‘Black War’ in southern Queensland during the 1840s and 1850s, the author seeks evidence for a historically definable (1843-1855) conflict during this period, complete with a record of Indigenous declaration, victories, coordination, leadership and planning. As the Australian situation continues to present elements which have proved difficult to reconcile with existing paradigms for military history, this study applies definitions from guerilla and terrorist conflict (e.g. Eckley 2001, Kilcullen 2009) to explain key features of the southern Queensland “Black War.” It also compares this to similar frontier engagements in other parts of Australia. The author concludes that Australian “resistance” wars followed their own distinctive pattern – achieving coordinated response through inter-tribal gatherings and sophisticated signaling; relying heavily on economic sabotage and targeted payback killings; and guided by self-depreciating “loner-leaders” much more wily and reticent than their equivalents in other parts of the world. The author also argues that contrary to the claims of military historians such as Dennis (1995), there is ample evidence for tactical innovation.
    [Show full text]