Clarke County Geology and Mineral Resources
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Clarke County Geology and Mineral Resources William A. Gilliland Danny W. Harrelson BULLETIN 121 MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES BUREAU OF GEOLOGY ALVIN R. BICKER, JR. Bureau Director Jackson, Mississippi 1980 Suggested cataloging data by the Bureau of Geology Gilliland, William A., 1935- Clarke County geology and mineral resources. (Mississippi. Bureau of Geology. Bulletin 121) 1.Geology—Mississippi—Clarke County. 2. Water, Underground—Mississippi— Clarke County. I. Harrelson, Danny W., 1954- II. Title. III. Series. QE 129.A2 no. 121 557.62 DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Commissioners Jolly McCarty, Chairman Pascagoula Robert Anderson Corinth Charlie Huffstatler Tupelo Ms. Gladys Slayden Holly Springs James Sumrall Bay Springs Alva Temple Columbus Marshall Watkins Jackson EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Charlie L. Blalock BUREAU OF GEOLOGY Administrative Alvin R. Bicker, Jr Director Michael B. E. Bograd Admin. Geologist Patricia A. Lofton ...Admin. Assist. Norma B. Shows....Geological Aide L. Michele Morphis....Clerk Typist Anne G. Bellomy Librarian Environmental Subsurface Curtis W. Stover Section Chief Edwin E. Luper Section Chief John E. Malanchak Geologist Ronald J. Tarbutton Geologist S. Mark Smith Geologist Dora M. Devery Geologist Michael C. Seal Geologist Surface D. T. Dockery, III ....Section Chief Ground Water William A. Gilliland Geologist D. W. Harrelson Section Chief Surface Mining and Reclamation W. Howard Johnson Geologist R. B. Wilson, Sr Administrator W. D. Easom Geological Aide Charles H. Estes, III Engineer J. P. Bradshaw Geological Aide Lindsey Stewart Geologist R. B. Kimbrough ..Geological Aide Dorothy Polen Secretary LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Mississippi Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Geology Mr. Jolly McCarty, and Members of the Commission Department of Natural Resources Commissioners: The Bureau of Geology is pleased to transmit to you Bulletin 121, entitled "Clarke County Geology and Mineral Resources" by William A. Gilliland and Danny W. Harrelson. This bulletin reports on the geology of one of the more complex areas of the state. Clarke County is one of the more important petroleum producing areas. This publication reports on the volume and location of these petroleum deposits plus other potential resources. A section concerning water resources aids in mak ing this a more comprehensive report on the county's potential. The report con tributes to the growing geological knowledge of the state. Respectfully submitted, Alvin R. Bicker, Jr. Director and State Geologist CLARKE COUNTY GEOLOGY 5 CONTENTS Page Clarke County Geology, by William A. Gilliland 11 Abstract H Introduction 11 Acknowledgments 12 Description of the area 12 Location and size 12 Population 14 Accessibility 14 Climate 17 Topography 20 Physiography 22 Drainage 24 Surface stratigraphy 26 General statement 26 Eocene Series 29 Wilcox Group 29 Hatchetigbee Formation 29 Claiborne Group 33 Tallahatta Formation 33 Meridian Sand Member 33 Basic City Shale Member 35 Neshoba Sand Member 39 Winona Formation 39 Zilpha Formation 40 Kosciusko Formation .43 Cook Mountain Formation .48 Archusa Marl Member 48 Potterchitto Member 52 Gordon Creek Shale Member 53 Cockfield Formation 56 Jackson Group 59 Moodys Branch Formation 61 Yazoo Formation 62 North Twistwood Creek Clay Member 62 Cocoa Sand Member 65 Pachuta Marl Member 67 Shubuta Clay Member 67 Oligocene Series 71 Red Bluff Formation 71 Vicksburg Group 75 Mint Spring Formation 76 Marianna Formation 76 Glendon Formation 78 Byram Formation 78 Bucatunna Formation 79 MISSISSIPPI BUREAU OF GEOLOGY Page Miocene Series 80 Catahoula Formation 80 Pleistocene Series 80 Citronelle Formation 80 Terrace deposits 84 Recent Series 85 Alluvium 85 Structure 86 Economic Geology 89 Sand and gravel 89 Clay 90 Limestone and marl yy Iron .99 Sulfur 10<J Oil andgas 1Q0 Test hole and core hole records 104 References 144 Water Resources of Clarke County, by Danny W. Harrelson .148 Abstract 148 Ground Water Introduction -149 Methods of Investigation 150 Present Ground-Water Use 167 Ground-Water Availability 1?0 Structure 172 Ground-Water Quality 173 Aquifers 1^5 Wilcox Group (undifferentiated) 175 Meridian Sand Member 179 Kosciusko Formation 181 Cockfield Formation 183 Jackson Group: Cocoa Sand 185 Vicksburg Group 186 Catahoula Formation 186 Citronelle Formation 188 Terrace Deposits and Alluvium 188 Ground Water Conclusions 190 Surface Water Introduction 191 Drainage 191 Surface Water Availability 192 Flooding 198 Surface Water Conclusions 198 References Cited 200 CLARKE COUNTY GEOLOGY ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES (GILLILAND) 1. Location of Clarke County 13 2. Railroads and major highways 16 3. Mean annual precipitation 21 4. Topographic map coverage 22 5. Physiographic provinces of Mississippi 23 6. Drainage map 25 7. Generalized section of exposed strata 27 8. Test hole locations 28 9. Hatchetigbee Formation, sand with clay lenses 31 10. Hatchetigbee Formation, cross-bedded sands and clay lenses 31 11. Hatchetigbee-Meridian Sand contact 32 12. Meridian Sand 35 13. Meridian Sand-Basic City Shale contact 36 14. Meridian Sand-Basic City Shale contact 36 15. Basic City Shale, type locality 37 16. Basic City Shale, type locality 38 17. Winona Formation 41 18. Winona Formation 41 19. Winona-Zilpha contact 42 20. Zilpha-Kosciusko contact 43 21. Kosciusko Formation 44 22. Kosciusko Formation 45 23. Kosciusko-Cook Mountain contact 46 24. Kosciusko-Cook Mountain contact 47 25. Doby's Bluff, Archusa Marl 51 26. Weathered Archusa Marl 52 27. Potterchitto-Gordon Creek Shale contact 54 28. Gordon Creek Shale-Cockfield contact 55 29. Cockfield Formation 57 30. Cockfield Formation 58 31. Moodys Branch Formation 61 32. Moodys Branch-Yazoo contact 62 33. North Twistwood Creek clay 63 34. North Twistwood Creek clay 64 35. Cocoa Sand 66 36. Pachuta Marl , 68 37. Shubuta clay 69 38. Calcareous nodules of the Shubuta clay 70 39. Red Bluff Formation 74 40. Red Bluff Formation 75 41. Marianna Formation 77 42. Citronelle Formation 83 43. Citronelle gravel 84 44. Terrace sand 85 45. Structure map 87 46. Riley's diagram showing chemical analyses of selected clays 91 8 MISSISSIPPI BUREAU OF GEOLOGY TABLES (GILLILAND) Page 1. Industry and Employment 15 2. Annual precipitation and average annual temperature 18 3. Normal monthly, seasonal, and annual temperature and precipitation ....19 4. Particle-size analyses 93 5. Chemical analyses of clays 94 6. pH and calcium carbonate equivalent of clays 95 7. Summary of physical and mechanical properties measurements 96-97 8. Preliminary bloating tests of clays 98 9. Clay tested, their possible uses 99 10. Oil and gas fields of Clarke County 101 11. Oil fields of Clarke County and pertinent data 101 PLATES (GILLILAND) 1. Geologic map Pocket 2. Stratigraphic-structural cross sections Pocket FIGURES (HARRELSON) 1. Stratigraphic column and water resources data of Clarke County, Mississippi *51 2. Location of electrical logs in Clarke County 152 3. Configuration of the base of fresh water in Clarke County, Mississippi 171 4. Configuration of the base of the Lower Wilcox in Clarke County, Mississippi ^ 5. Configuration of the base of the Meridian Sand in Clarke County, Mississippi 180 6. Configuration of the base of the Kosciusko Formation in Clarke County, Mississippi *82 7. Configuration of the base of the Cockfield Formation in Clarke County, Mississippi 184 8. Configuration of the base of the Vicksburg Group and the Red Bluff Formation in Clarke County, Mississippi 187 9. Configuration of the base of the Catahoula and Citronelle Formations in Clarke County, Mississippi 189 10. Locationof Surface Sample locations and gagingstations in Clarke County, Mississippi 196 TABLES (HARRELSON) 1. Records of selected wells in Clarke County, Mississippi 153-159 2. Records of selected chemical analyses of ground waters in Clarke County, Mississippi 160-166 3. Rural and municipal water association wells in Clarke County, Mississippi 168-169 4. Water-quality tolerances for industrial applications . 175 5. Summary of pumping tests in Clarke County, Mississippi 178 CLARKE COUNTY GEOLOGY 9 6. Chemical analyses of water from selected streams in Clarke County, Mississippi 193 7. Stream gaging station locations in Clarke County, Mississippi 194 8. Surface-Water sample analyses in Clarke County, Mississippi 197 CLARKE COUNTY GEOLOGY 11 CLARKE COUNTY GEOLOGY William A. Gilliland ABSTRACT Clarke County, located in east-central Mississippi, is bounded to the north by Lauderdale County, to the west by Jasper County, to the south by Wayne County, and to the east by Choctaw County, Alabama. The county is located within the parallels 31° 49' and 32° 15' north latitude and within the meridians 88° 25' and 88° 55' west longitude. Total area of the county is 697 square miles. Quitman is the county seat. Strata exposed in Clarke County are of Tertiary and Quater nary age. Exposed units in ascending order are: Hatchetigbee For mation of the Wilcox Group—Eocene age; Tallahatta Formation, Winona Formation, Zilpha Formation, Kosciusko Formation, Cook Mountain Formation, and Cockfield Formation of the Claiborne Group—Eocene age; Moodys Branch Formation and Yazoo Forma tion of the Jackson Group—Eocene age; Red Bluff Formation and Vicksburg Group—Oligocene age; Catahoula Formation—Miocene age; Citronelle Formation and terrace deposits—Pleistocene age; and alluvium—Recent age. A regional dip of approximately 30 feet per mile to the south west is indicated for the near-surface strata of Clarke County. Fur ther, numerous faults are present in a zone