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The Maiwa Guide to NATURAL DYES W H at T H Ey a R E a N D H Ow to U S E T H E M
the maiwa guide to NATURAL DYES WHAT THEY ARE AND HOW TO USE THEM WA L NUT NATURA L I ND IG O MADDER TARA SYM PL O C OS SUMA C SE Q UO I A MAR IG O L D SA FFL OWER B U CK THORN LIVI N G B L UE MYRO B A L AN K AMA L A L A C I ND IG O HENNA H I MA L AYAN RHU B AR B G A LL NUT WE L D P OME G RANATE L O G WOOD EASTERN B RA ZIL WOOD C UT C H C HAMOM IL E ( SA PP ANWOOD ) A LK ANET ON I ON S KI NS OSA G E C HESTNUT C O C H I NEA L Q UE B RA C HO EU P ATOR I UM $1.00 603216 NATURAL DYES WHAT THEY ARE AND HOW TO USE THEM Artisans have added colour to cloth for thousands of years. It is only recently (the first artificial dye was invented in 1857) that the textile industry has turned to synthetic dyes. Today, many craftspeople are rediscovering the joy of achieving colour through the use of renewable, non-toxic, natural sources. Natural dyes are inviting and satisfying to use. Most are familiar substances that will spark creative ideas and widen your view of the world. Try experimenting. Colour can be coaxed from many different sources. Once the cloth or fibre is prepared for dyeing it will soak up the colour, yielding a range of results from deep jew- el-like tones to dusky heathers and pastels. -
Guide to Dyeing Yarn
presents Guide to Dyeing Yarn Learn How to Dye Yarn Using Natural Dyeing Techniques or some of us, the pleasure of using natural dyes is the connection it gives us with the earth, using plants and fungi and minerals from the environment in our Fhandmade projects. Others enjoy the challenge of finding, working with, and sometimes even growing unpredictable materials, then coaxing the desired hues. My favorite reason for using natural dyes is just plain lovely color. Sometimes subtle and always rich, the shades that skilled dyers achieve with natural dyestuffs are heart- breakingly lovely. No matter what inspires you to delve into natural dyes, this free eBook has some- thing for you. If you’re interested in connecting with the earth, follow Lynn Ruggles as she combines her gardening and fiber passions, or join Brighid’s Dyers as they harness alternative energy with solar dyeing. To test and improve your skills, begin with Dag- mar Klos’s thorough instructions. But whatever your reason, be sure to enjoy the range of natural colors on every page. One of Interweave’s oldest publications, Spin.Off inspires spinners to make beautiful yarn and find enchanting ways to use it. In addition to the quarterly magazine, we also host the spinning community spinningdaily.com, complete with blogs, forums, and free patterns. In our video workshop series, the living treasures of the spinning world share their knowledge. We’re devoted to bringing you the best spinning teachers, newest spinning techniques, and most inspiring ideas—right to your mailbox, your computer, and your very fingertips. -
WCMT Report a Lucille Junkere
The Yorùbá Blues Lucille Junkere 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 2 UK Collections 3 Lagos 5 Abẹòḱ uta 9 Ìbàdàn 14 Dyeing 15 Osogbo 17 Recommendations 19 References 20 Picture Credits 23 Glossary 25 Acknowledgments The Winston Churchill Memorial Trust and the Heritage Crafts Association for the wonderful opportunity to travel to Nigeria to study Yorùbá indigenous àdìrẹ making. Nigeria Chief (Mrs) Nike and her husband Reuban Okundaye for their generous support and encouragement and staff from Nike Art Gallery and Foundation in Lagos. Professor Olusẹgun Okẹ, Doig Simmonds (UK) and Pat Oyelọla editors of Adire Cloth in Nigeria Àdire makers and dyers including Gàníyù Kàrímù , Baba Salieu, Jumoke Maryam Akinyemi, and Baba alaro from Àdùnní Art, Olalekan Adegun Adesoye and apprentice from Ade Omo Ade Art Gallery and staff, teachers and students from the Nike Center for Art and Culture, Òṣogbo Mayowa Kila for Yorùbá translation Curator Ige Akintunde Olatunji and colleagues from the National Museum of Abeokuta Professors Oladele O. Layiwola and Ohioma Ifounu Pogoson and Oluwatoyin A. Odeku from the Institute of African Studies My wonderful Lagos hosts Baba Winfield, Chef Craig and Ms Carmen. UK Yorùbá language classes Ṣola Otiti Staff and curators of the UK Museum African collections for supporting my research visits. The British Museum, The Horniman Museum, The Economic Botany Collection at Kew Gardens, The Pitt Rivers Museum, The Royal Albert Memorial Museum, The Victoria and Albert Museum Duncan Clarke from Adire African Textiles 1 Introduction Before the development of synthetic dyes in The literal translation of the word àdìrẹ is the mid-nineteenth century, dyes were to tie and to dye, a description of the extracted from natural sources such as original and oldest resist pattern making plants, animals and minerals (Areo and technique. -
Removal of Acid Blue 25 Dye by Using Dried Water Hyacinth from Aqueous Solution
REMOVAL OF ACID BLUE 25 DYE BY USING DRIED WATER HYACINTH FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION A thesis submitted in the the fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia Pahang iv ABSTRACT Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a free floating aquatic weeds that robustness in its growth used as an adsorbent to remove Acid Blue 25 dye from aqueous solution. The parameters studied include the adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH, and also contact time in a batch adsorption process at room temperature 21ºC. The results shows the optimum conditions for each parameter studied, adsorbent dosage at 0.60 g, initial concentration 400 mg/L, pH 2 and 100 minutes contact time. The samples after the dye uptake were analyzed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Furthermore, before and after the experiments, FTIR analyses were studied to know the functional groups of the water hyacinth. In addition, the equilibrium data fitted well pseudo-second order kinetics, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The maximum sorption capacities for Langmuir equation were 83.33 mg/g whereas the amount of n for Freundlich is favourable. While for pseudo-second-order kinetics, it has a low error for equilibrium sorption capacity for experimental and calculated values. This study is favourable and economically feasible for the removal of Acid Blue 25. v ABSTRAK Keladi bunting merupakan gulma air yang mengambang yang digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk menyingkirkan pewarna Asid Biru 25 dari akuas larutan. Parameter yang dipelajari meliputi dos adsorben, kepekatan pewarna awal, pH, dan juga masa tindakbalas dalam proses jerapan batch pada suhu bilik 21º C. -
Laboratory Guide Industrial Chemistry
LA BO R A T O R Y G U I D E IN DU ST R IA L C H EMIST RY BY R ALLEN ROGE S, PH . D. I STR CTOR IN INDUSTRIAL CHEH ISTRY PRATT INSTITU TE OOKL N U , , B R YN ; I EHB EE AKERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY; SOCIETY OF CH MCAL INDUSTRY; AHE RICAN LEATH ER CHEMI STS ASSOCIATION N E W Y O R K D N O T R N D C MP N Y . V A N S A O A E ' 23 MURRAY AND 1 908 27 WA RR N Srs . o ri ht 1 08 C py g , 9 D AN N TRAND MP Y BY . V OS CO AN The filimflon Pre ss N w ood Mass . FACT S WHICH SHOULD BE REMEMBERED l Do r igh t and you will be succe ssfu . k wh i h i for u n d do i with smil c o . Do th e tas s se t be e y , a t a e im r r Do not be a t e se ve . ’ Do not use your ne igh bor s standa rd solution for accurate de te r i m nations . D n rr w r o ot bo o appa atus . Ke e our de sk and a aratus cle an if ou h o e to obta in satis p y pp , y p r facto y re sults . Alwa h ow l d n e in o r de sk and use th e m wh e n ys ave a t e an spo g y u , r h d you le a ve fo t e ay . -
Real Time Analysis and Control of Batch Dyeing Processes
C95S4 Page 1 Project Title: Real Time Analysis And Control of Batch Dyeing Processes Project Number: C95-S4 PI(s): R. McGregor (Leader NCSU), K. R. Beck, G. K. F. Lee, C. B. Smith, W J. Jasper Graduate Students: M. S. Arora, C. E. Bright, R. P. Joshi, M. R. Lefeber Wallace, J. T. Merritt. Industrial Collaborator: W. Hunter (Cotton Inc.). Goals: The overall objective of this project is to optimize batch-dye process control by monitoring dyebaths, and by understanding and controlling the state of the dyeing process, both in the laboratory and commercial dyeing machines. Specific objectives are to: 1. Educate graduate students and advance dyeing knowledge and technology. 2. Develop neural network/fuzzy logic control for dyebath monitoring and colorant formulation. 3. Develop control systems and strategies for closed loop control via dosing, fuzzy logic and neural networks. 4. Comparatively evaluate control strategies and the absolute levels of control possible. 5. Develop useful theoretical kinetic and thermodynamic models and generic process models. Abstract: This report describes our (Dye Applications Research Group, DARG) recent progress in real-time monitoring, modeling, and controlling batch dyeing processes. The flow injection analysis (FIA) system was modified to allow injection of a small volume of dyebath into a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). This FIAIHPLC system is being used to study four different procedures for exhaust dyeing cotton with reactive dyes. Data are reported for isothermal dyeings at different temperatures. Preliminary work to develop a spectrophotometric method for monitoring exhaustion of vat dyes, especially indigo, is reported. Calibration models developed from indigo powder and indigo paste under a nitrogen atmosphere indicate significant differences in the purity of the dye in these two forms. -
Mordanting Methods for Dyeing Cotton Fabrics with Dye from Albizia Coriaria Plant Species
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2014 1 ISSN 2250-3153 Mordanting Methods for Dyeing Cotton Fabrics with Dye from Albizia Coriaria Plant Species Loum Janani *, Lukyambuzi Hillary **, Kodi Phillips *** * Lecturer in Department of Textile and Ginning Engineering, Busitema University, PO Box, 236, Tororo, Uganda. ** Department of Textile and Ginning Engineering, Busitema University, PO Box, 236, Tororo, Uganda. *** Department of Chemistry, Kyambogo University, PO Box 1, Kampala Abstract- The study investigated the effects of different methods Most natural dyes need chemical species called mordants of application of selected mordants on dyeing woven cotton with for binding the dye to fabrics to improve color fastness. dyes from the stem bark of Albizia coriaria. The methods of Mordants help in binding of dyes to fabric by forming a chemical application of mordants used includes; pre-mordanting, bridge from dye to fiber thus improving the staining ability of a simultaneous mordanting and post-mordanting. The effects on dye with increasing its fastness properties [7]. The color fastness cotton analyzed are color fastness to; light, washing, wet and dry and characteristics of natural dyes on fabrics are influenced by rubbing and color characteristics on CIELab color coordinates. the mordanting method applied whose effects vary with the Aqueous extraction method was used to extract the dye. Some source of the dye. selected mordants were used for dyeing viz; alum, ferrous In Uganda, great potential exists for natural dyes from dye- sulphate1, and iron water. In the control dyeing without the use yielding plants. In a recent study, it has been reported that several of mordants, very good fastness were registered with the plant species in Uganda possess dye-yielding properties [8]. -
United States Patent (19) 11 3,923,453 Lazar Et Al
United States Patent (19) 11 3,923,453 Lazar et al. (45) Dec. 2, 1975 54 NEW DYE COMPOSITIONS twenty parts by weight of a dye assist consisting of a 75 Inventors: Remus I. Lazar, Berwyn; Richard C. mixture of benzyl alcohol and Reichel, Chicago, both of Ill. 73) Assignee: Welsicol Chemical Corporation, Chicago, Ill. 22 Filed: Dec. 3, 1973 (21) Appl. No.: 420,998 52 U.S. Ci............................ 8/39; 8/42 R; 8/42 B; 8/93; 81173 5 l l Int. Cl......................... D06P 1120; D06P 5/04 (58) Field of Search................... 8/93, 173, 39, 42 R Primary Examiner-Lewis T. Jacobs having a boiling point of about 1 17°C at 9 mm Hg Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Robert J. Schwarz; Dietmar pressure, a refractive index of about 1.5262 at 20°C H. Olesch and an infrared spectrum having strong bands at about 9.4, 10. 1, 12.7 and 14.4 microns, in a weight ratio of (57) ABSTRACT from 4:1 to 1:4. This invention discloses a dye composition comprising one part by weight of an acid dyestuff and from one to 5 Claims, No Drawings 3,923,453 1 2 anthraquinone, exemplified by CI Blue 45 (C.I. No. NEW DYE COMPOSITIONS 63010); azine, exemplified by CI Acid Blue 59 (C.I. This invention relates to dye compositions which are No. 50315); and quinoline, exemplified by CI Acid useful in the dyeing of natural proteinaceous and syn Yellow 3 (C.I. No. 47005). thetic polyamide fibers. r The mordant acid dyes similarly fall into several The art of dyeing is a complex procedure requiring a chemical types, such as anthraquinone, exemplified by variety of techniques and chemicals: The dyeing of nat CI Mordant Red 3 (C.I. -
Adsorption of Food Dyes Onto Chitosan: Optimization Process and Kinetic
Carbohydrate Polymers 84 (2011) 231–238 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Carbohydrate Polymers journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/carbpol Adsorption of food dyes onto chitosan: Optimization process and kinetic G.L. Dotto, L.A.A. Pinto ∗ Unit Operation Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande – FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil article info abstract Article history: Adsorption of food dyes acid blue 9 and food yellow 3 onto chitosan was optimized. Chitosan was obtained Received 5 October 2010 from shrimp wastes and characterized. A full factorial design was used to analyze the effects of pH, stirring Received in revised form rate and contact time in adsorption capacity. In the optimal conditions, adsorption kinetics was studied 10 November 2010 and the experimental data were fitted with three kinetic models. The produced chitosan showed good Accepted 11 November 2010 characteristics for dye adsorption. The optimal conditions were: pH 3, 150 rpm and 60 min for acid blue 9 Available online 19 November 2010 and pH 3, 50 rpm and 60 min for food yellow 3. In these conditions, the adsorption capacities values were 210 mg g−1 and 295 mg g−1 for acid blue 9 and food yellow 3, respectively. The Elovich kinetic model was Keywords: Acid blue 9 the best fit for experimental data and it showed the chemical nature of dyes adsorption onto chitosan. Adsorption capacity © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Elovich model Food dye Food yellow 3 1. Introduction mainly aromatic structures, which are biologically non-degradable (Srinivasan & Viraraghavan, 2010). Adsorption is found a good way Chitosan, a de-N-acetylated analog of chitin, is a heteropolysac- to treat industrial waste effluents, it has significant advantages in charide consisting of linear b-1,4-linked GlcN and GlcNAc units comparison with conventional methods, especially from econom- (Harish Prashanth & Tharanathan, 2007). -
United States Patent Office Patented Sept
3,343,905 United States Patent Office Patented Sept. 26, 1967 2 their washing fastness improved to acceptable levels. 3,343,905 After-treatments of this sort are objectionable from the NYLON DYES Standpoint of both time and cost, but, until now have been James F. Feeman, Wyomissing, Pa., assignor to Crompton the best means available to the dyer for the production of & Knowles Corporation, Worcester, Mass., a corporar Washfast heavy dyeings on nylon. tion of Massacialsetts Other classes of dyes applicable to nylon are similarly No Drawing. Fied Oct. 20, 1966, Ser. No. 587,987 unsuited to production of washfast heavy dyeings. Dis 3 Claims. (C. 8-26) perse dyes are notoriously poor to washing fastness, even This application discloses and claims subject matter though they produce level dyeings with ease and of satis contained in my copending applications, Ser. No. 328,051, O factory depth. Their washfastness is not improved by filed Dec. 4, 1963, now Patent No. 3,305,539 and Ser. after-treatments to the same extent that is found with the No. 378,460, filed June 26, 1964, now abandoned. neutral dyeing acid dyes. Mordant dyes may be metallized This invention relates to dyes for nylon fibers, to a (notably chromed) on nylon by after-treatments with method of dyeing nylon fibers and to the products pro metal salts in acidic baths yielding dyeings of excellent duced by such process. fastness to washing, but the dyeing procedure is very dif Dyeing of nylon in heavy depths of shade with a high ficult to control to the degree necessary to enable the order of fastness to washing is an important technical matching of shades. -
Pdf Colak, F., Atar, N., and Olgun, A
REVIEW ARTICLE bioresources.com CELLULOSIC SUBSTRATES FOR REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS FROM AQUEOUS SYSTEMS: A REVIEW. 2. DYES Martin A. Hubbe,a,* Keith R. Beck,b W. Gilbert O’Neal,c and Yogesh Ch. Sharma d Dyes used in the coloration of textiles, paper, and other products are highly visible, sometimes toxic, and sometimes resistant to biological breakdown; thus it is important to minimize their release into aqueous environments. This review article considers how biosorption of dyes onto cellulose-related materials has the potential to address such concerns. Numerous publications have described how a variety of biomass-derived substrates can be used to absorb different classes of dyestuff from dilute aqueous solutions. Progress also has been achieved in understanding the thermodynamics, kinetics, and chemical factors that control the uptake of dyes. Important questions remain to be more fully investigated, such as those involving the full life-cycle of cellulosic substrates that are used for the collection of dyes. Also, more work needs to be done in order to establish whether biosorption should be implemented as a separate unit operation, or whether it ought to be integrated with other water treatment technologies, including the enzymatic breakdown of chromophores. Keywords: Cellulose; Biomass; Biosorption; Remediation; Pollutants; Adsorption; Textile dyes; Basic dyes; Direct dyes; Reactive dyes; Wastewater treatment Contact information: a: Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005; -
CH 112 Special Assignment #4 Chemistry to Dye For: Part B
CH 112 Special Assignment #4 Chemistry to Dye for: Part B PRE-LAB ASSIGNMENT: Make sure that you read this handout and bring the essentials to lab with you. Review ionic compounds (pp 34-38), polar covalent compounds (pp.43-46), and dipole forces/hydrogen bonding (pp. 91-93) in Adventures in Chemistry. Here are the pre-lab questions for this week. 1. Redraw the structure of methyl orange (Figure 3), and identify the groups in the dye that will bind to ionic and polar sites in a fabric. 2. Complete the following “If/then” hypothesis to explain how the structure of a fabric will influence the relative color intensity produced by methyl orange. “If a fabric contains more ionic and polar groups in its structure, then the intensity of the dye color due to methyl orange should (increase/decrease), because _________.” 3. Using this hypothesis, predict the relative color intensity that will be produced by methyl orange on the six fibers of the multifiber test fabric. Rank the fabrics from 1 = lightest color to 6 = darkest color. Wool Acrylic Polyester Nylon Cotton Acetate Figure 1. Composition of the multifiber test fabric. INTRODUCTION: Our work for Dyenomite continues this week with an investigation of several dyes. They would like to know the best fabric(s) to use with their line of dyes. They are also interested in developing a new line of dyes from natural sources. The art of dyeing dates back thousands of years to the use of natural dyes extracted from plants and animals. Some dyes, such as Tyrian purple obtained from shellfish, Chemistry 112; Spring 2010; Experiment 4B were so rare that only emperors and kings could afford to wear purple—hence the term “royal purple.” The modern dye industry started about 150 years ago with the discovery of “mauve,” the first synthetic dye.