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The Process of Developing the Water Supply and Sanitation Strategy for Emerging Towns in Laos

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The Process of Developing the Water Supply and Sanitation Strategy for Emerging Towns in Laos The process of developing the water supply and sanitation strategy for emerging towns in Laos Water Governance Facility Report No 7 Lessons From the Field – GoAL WaSH www.watergovernance.org Empowered lives. Resilient nations. About the UNDP Water Governance Facility at SIWI The Water Governance Facility (WGF) is a collaboration between the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). The WGF implements parts of the UNDP Water Content and Ocean Governance Programme (WOGP) by providing strategic water governance support to low- and middle-in- come countries to advance socially equitable, environmentally sustainable and economically efficient management of water resources and water and sanitation services. The ultimate aim is to improve lives and livelihoods and reduce poverty, inequalities and exclusion. Abbreviations 4 The WGF works with multiple thematic areas including water supply and sanitation, integrated water resources man- Executive summary 5 agement, transboundary water, and cross-cutting areas of gender, human rights and water integrity. WGF works in several countries in regions such as Central and South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. Introduction 7 Financial support comes from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). For more informa- GoAL WaSH 7 tion, please visit www.watergovernance.org. UN-Habitat 7 About GoAL WaSH GoAL WaSH – Governance Advocacy and Leadership in Water Sanitation and Hygiene – is part of the UNDP Methodology 8 Water and Ocean Governance Programme and is coordinated by the UNDP Water Governance Facility at SIWI. It targets countries with low water and sanitation coverage. GoAL WaSH supports work in three areas; 1) Identifies Small and emerging towns 9 gaps, needs, constraints and opportunities in national water and sanitation plans, strategies and capacities, 2) supports Defining small and emerging towns 9 development and reform of action plans, policies, laws, coordinating mechanisms and regulatory functions and, 3) supports implementation with accountability and transparency. Urbanisation and emerging towns in Laos 9 Water supply and sanitation services in small and emerging towns 12 About Lessons From the Field The Lessons From the Field is a Knowledge Management initiative established under the GoAL WaSH program- me. The aim is to generate a collection of publications and other products, such as short films, that will gather Water supply and sanitation services in Laos 14 knowledge of relevant national governance related processes that have occurred at country level during GoAL Water supply overview 14 WaSH implementation. Institutional, legal and policy framework for water supply 14 Sanitation overview 16 The Lessons From the Field reports provide an in-depth look at the changes that these processes have triggered and the key aspects that made them possible. They are thus a special category in the Water Governance Facility Report series. Water supply and sanitation sector strategy for emerging towns 18 The process of developing the emerging town strategy 18 Acknowledgement Description of the emerging towns strategy 19 This report was written by Heather Robertson, with contributions and edits by Lotten Hubendick, Alejandro Jiménez, Impact of the strategy 21 Håkan Tropp, Jenny Grönwall, Moa Cortobius (WGF) and Avi Arkar, Buahom Sengkhamyong (UN-Habitat). Lan- guage edit was carried out by Christina Anderson (SIWI). Lao national water treatment plant database 22 Origin of the idea 22 The process of developing the database 23 Ownership, management and use of the database 23 Disclaimer: This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without Discussion 25 special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgement of the source is made. WGF would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from WGF. The designation Conclusions 27 of geographical entities in this report, and the presentation of the material herein, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publisher or the participating organizations concerning the legal status of any References 28 country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Annex 1: List of Lao documents reviewed 29 Copyright © 2017, Stockholm International Water Institute, SIWI Annex 2: List of persons interviewed 30 How to Cite: UNDP-SIWI Water Governance Facility (2017). The process of developing the water supply and sanita- Annex 3: Key guiding questions for interviews 31 tion strategy for emerging towns in Laos. WGF Report No. 7 (GoAL WaSH Lessons From the Field), SIWI, Stockholm Annex 4: Description of the Lao national water treatment plant database 32 Publisher: Håkan Tropp, Director, Water Governance Facility Design by Elin Ingblom & Claes Halvarsson, SIWI Abbreviations Executive summary ADB Asian Development Bank NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development The more than one billion people living in small and specifically to emerging towns. These relate to legislation AFD Agence Française de Développement NSEDP National Socio-Economic emerging towns without access to water and sanitation and policy reform; capacity building; and monitoring BNP Branch Nam Papa Development Plan services has become a major global concern in recent the performance of the emerging town sector. So far the BOQ Bill of quantities ODA Official development assistance decades. Typically, these settlements have a relatively strategy has led to some early measures in the sector, with BORDA Bremen Overseas Research and OPWT Office of Public Works and Transport small but rapidly increasing population and a mixture of a number of piped water supply systems being construc- Development Association PM Prime minister urban and rural characteristics. They don’t fit neatly into ted in or extended to emerging towns. DEWATS Decentralised wastewater treatment PMU Project Management Unit the water and sanitation sector, in which water supply systems PNP Provincial Nam Papa systems are traditionally “urban” or “rural”, where urban A second output of the GoAL WaSH programme is a DDD Digital Divide Data PPP Public–private partnership services are larger, more complex, and operated by a uti- database of water treatment plant (WTP) designs. The DHUP Department of Housing and Urban SDGs Sustainable Development Goals lity as opposed to the simpler, community-operated rural intention was to provide a tool to assist in implemen- systems. With different agencies commonly responsible tation of the emerging town strategy. This was to be Planning SIP Sector investment plan for urban and rural services, many small and emerging done through an online database that was accessible to DPWT Department of Public Works and SIWI Stockholm International Water towns that are viewed as neither urban nor rural have all relevant stakeholders, providing water utilities with a Transport Institute fallen into a gap in service provision. This has been the range of WTP designs from which they could select one DWS Department of Water Supply SOE State-owned enterprise case in Laos, where a large portion of the population lives that was appropriate for their context. This reduces the GIS Geographic information system STWSP Small Towns Water Supply Project in small urban centres. This report looks at steps that need for external consulting services, thereby lowering GMS Greater Mekong Subregion UDAA Urban Development Administration have been taken to put emerging towns on the political the cost and building the capacity of local staff. The main GRET Groupe de Recherches et d’Echanges Authority agenda in Laos, leading to an increase in water supply stages in developing the database were the development Technologiques UDD Urban Development Division and sanitation services in emerging towns. The particu- and construction of the database structure, collection IFAD International Fund for Agricultural UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements lar foci of the report are the Water Supply & Sanitation of available data, and conversion of the data into the Development Programme Sector Strategy for Emerging Towns (hereafter referred required format for the database. On completion of the IT Information technology UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund to as the emerging town strategy) and the Lao National database, representatives of the provincial water utilities JICA Japan International Cooperation WASA Water Supply Authority Water Treatment Plant Database, both produced with and other relevant stakeholders were trained in its use. Agency WASRO Water Supply Regulatory Office the support of the GoAL WaSH programme. An IT company was contracted to provide refresher trai- JMP Joint Monitoring Programme WHO World Health Organisation In the classification of Lao settlements, the emerging nings and to maintain the database for three years, after KOICA Korea International Cooperation WREA Water Resources and Environment town is a category which has been formally identified. which time the responsibility for maintenance was to be Agency Administration This is a category of settlement that commonly lacks transferred to MPWT. Lao PDR Lao People’s Democratic Republic WSD Water Supply Division water supply and sanitation
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