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Building ASEAN Community: Political–Security and Socio-Cultural Reflections
ASEAN@50 Volume 4 Building ASEAN Community: Political–Security and Socio-cultural Reflections Edited by Aileen Baviera and Larry Maramis Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia © Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means electronic or mechanical without prior written notice to and permission from ERIA. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, its Governing Board, Academic Advisory Council, or the institutions and governments they represent. The findings, interpretations, conclusions, and views expressed in their respective chapters are entirely those of the author/s and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, its Governing Board, Academic Advisory Council, or the institutions and governments they represent. Any error in content or citation in the respective chapters is the sole responsibility of the author/s. Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted with proper acknowledgement. Cover Art by Artmosphere Design. Book Design by Alvin Tubio. National Library of Indonesia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ISBN: 978-602-8660-98-3 Department of Foreign Affairs Kagawaran ng Ugnayang Panlabas Foreword I congratulate the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), the Permanent Mission of the Philippines to ASEAN and the Philippine ASEAN National Secretariat for publishing this 5-volume publication on perspectives on the making, substance, significance and future of ASEAN. -
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Non-Corrigé Uncorrected CR 2007/24 International Court Cour internationale of Justice de Justice THE HAGUE LA HAYE YEAR 2007 Public sitting held on Tuesday 13 November 2007, at 10 a.m., at the Peace Palace, Vice-President Al-Khasawneh, Acting President, presiding in the case concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) ________________ VERBATIM RECORD ________________ ANNÉE 2007 Audience publique tenue le mardi 13 novembre 2007, à 10 heures, au Palais de la Paix, sous la présidence de M. Al-Khasawneh, vice-président, faisant fonction de président en l’affaire relative à la Souveraineté sur Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks et South Ledge (Malaisie/Singapour) ____________________ COMPTE RENDU ____________________ - 2 - Present: Vice-President Al-Khasawneh, Acting President Judges Ranjeva Shi Koroma Parra-Aranguren Buergenthal Owada Simma Tomka Abraham Keith Sepúlveda-Amor Bennouna Skotnikov Judges ad hoc Dugard Sreenivasa Rao Registrar Couvreur ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ - 3 - Présents : M. Al-Khasawneh, vice-président, faisant fonction de président en l’affaire MM. Ranjeva Shi Koroma Parra-Aranguren Buergenthal Owada Simma Tomka Abraham Keith Sepúlveda-Amor Bennouna Skotnikov, juges MM. Dugard Sreenivasa Rao, juges ad hoc M. Couvreur, greffier ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ - 4 - The Government of Malaysia is represented by: H.E. Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Mohamad, Ambassador-at-Large, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia, Adviser for Foreign Affairs to the Prime Minister, as Agent; H.E. Dato’ Noor Farida Ariffin, Ambassador of Malaysia to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as Co-Agent; H.E. Dato’ Seri Syed Hamid Albar, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Malaysia, Tan Sri Abdul Gani Patail, Attorney-General of Malaysia, Sir Elihu Lauterpacht, C.B.E., Q.C., Honorary Professor of International Law, University of Cambridge, member of the Institut de droit international, member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, Mr. -
Case Concerning Sovereignty Over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore)
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS, ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS CASE CONCERNING SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE (MALAYSIA/SINGAPORE) JUDGMENT OF 23 MAY 2008 2008 COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE RECUEIL DES ARRE|TS, AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES AFFAIRE RELATIVE Av LA SOUVERAINETÉ SUR PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS ET SOUTH LEDGE (MALAISIE/SINGAPOUR) ARRE|T DU 23 MAI 2008 Official citation: Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2008,p.12 Mode officiel de citation: Souveraineté sur Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks et South Ledge (Malaisie/Singapour), arrêt, C.I.J. Recueil 2008,p.12 Sales number ISSN 0074-4441 No de vente: 937 ISBN 978-92-1-071046-6 23 MAY 2008 JUDGMENT SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/ PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE (MALAYSIA/SINGAPORE) SOUVERAINETÉ SUR PEDRA BRANCA/ PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS ET SOUTH LEDGE (MALAISIE/SINGAPOUR) 23 MAI 2008 ARRE|T 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs 1. CHRONOLOGY OF THE PROCEDURE 1-15 2. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND CHARACTERISTICS 16-19 3. GENERAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 20-29 4. HISTORY OF THE DISPUTE 30-36 5. SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH 37-277 5.1. Arguments of the Parties 37-42 5.2. The question of the burden of proof 43-45 5.3. Legal status of Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh before the 1840s 46-117 5.3.1. Original title to Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh 46-80 5.3.2. -
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Non-Corrigé Uncorrected CR 2007/23 International Court Cour internationale of Justice de Justice THE HAGUE LA HAYE YEAR 2007 Public sitting held on Friday 9 November 2007, at 10 a.m., at the Peace Palace, Vice-President Al-Khasawneh, Acting President, presiding in the case concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) ________________ VERBATIM RECORD ________________ ANNÉE 2007 Audience publique tenue le vendredi 9 novembre 2007, à 10 heures, au Palais de la Paix, sous la présidence de M. Al-Khasawneh, vice-président, faisant fonction de président en l’affaire relative à la Souveraineté sur Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks et South Ledge (Malaisie/Singapour) ____________________ COMPTE RENDU ____________________ - 2 - Present: Vice-President Al-Khasawneh, Acting President Judges Ranjeva Shi Koroma Parra-Aranguren Buergenthal Simma Tomka Abraham Keith Sepúlveda-Amor Bennouna Skotnikov Judges ad hoc Dugard Sreenivasa Rao Registrar Couvreur ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ - 3 - Présents : M. Al-Khasawneh, vice-président, faisant fonction de président en l’affaire MM. Ranjeva Shi Koroma Parra-Aranguren Buergenthal Simma Tomka Abraham Keith Sepúlveda-Amor Bennouna Skotnikov, juges MM. Dugard Sreenivasa Rao, juges ad hoc M. Couvreur, greffier ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ - 4 - The Government of Malaysia is represented by: H.E. Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Mohamad, Ambassador-at-Large, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia, Adviser for Foreign Affairs to the Prime Minister, as Agent; H.E. Dato’ Noor Farida Ariffin, Ambassador of Malaysia to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as Co-Agent; H.E. Dato’ Seri Syed Hamid Albar, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Malaysia, Tan Sri Abdul Gani Patail, Attorney-General of Malaysia, Sir Elihu Lauterpacht, C.B.E., Q.C., Honorary Professor of International Law, University of Cambridge, member of the Institut de droit international, member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, Mr. -
The World Factbook
The World Factbook East & Southeast Asia :: Malaysia Introduction :: Malaysia Background: During the late 18th and 19th centuries, Great Britain established colonies and protectorates in the area of current Malaysia; these were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula except Singapore formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore, as well as Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo, joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's independence were marred by a communist insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's withdrawal in 1965. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to the development of manufacturing, services, and tourism. Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak (in office since April 2009) has continued these pro-business policies and has introduced some civil reforms. Geography :: Malaysia Location: Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam Geographic coordinates: 2 30 N, 112 30 E Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total: 329,847 sq km country comparison to the world: 67 land: 328,657 sq km water: 1,190 sq km Area - comparative: slightly larger -
Case Concerning Sovereignty Over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore)
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS, ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS CASE CONCERNING SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE (MALAYSIA/SINGAPORE) JUDGMENT OF 23 MAY 2008 2008 COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE RECUEIL DES ARRE|TS, AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES AFFAIRE RELATIVE Av LA SOUVERAINETÉ SUR PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS ET SOUTH LEDGE (MALAISIE/SINGAPOUR) ARRE|T DU 23 MAI 2008 PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/feab3a/ Official citation: Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2008,p.12 Mode officiel de citation: Souveraineté sur Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks et South Ledge (Malaisie/Singapour), arrêt, C.I.J. Recueil 2008,p.12 Sales number ISSN 0074-4441 No de vente: 937 ISBN 978-92-1-071046-6 PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/feab3a/ 23 MAY 2008 JUDGMENT SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/ PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE (MALAYSIA/SINGAPORE) SOUVERAINETÉ SUR PEDRA BRANCA/ PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS ET SOUTH LEDGE (MALAISIE/SINGAPOUR) 23 MAI 2008 ARRE|T PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/feab3a/ 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs 1. CHRONOLOGY OF THE PROCEDURE 1-15 2. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND CHARACTERISTICS 16-19 3. GENERAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 20-29 4. HISTORY OF THE DISPUTE 30-36 5. SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH 37-277 5.1. Arguments of the Parties 37-42 5.2. The question of the burden of proof 43-45 5.3. Legal status of Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh before the 1840s 46-117 5.3.1. -
The Malaysian Bar Vs. the Attorney General of Malaysia & The
The Malaysian Bar vs. The Attorney General of Malaysia & The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission: The Moment the Malaysian Bar Stood Up for the Key Institutions of State _________________________________________________________ On the 14th of March 2016, the Malaysian Bar filed a landmark challenge in the High Court of Malaya. The challenge was the first of its kind in recorded legal history. The Bar did not derive any pecuniary benefit from the action. It was a suit filed to protect the independence and integrity of key institutions of state during what was a difficult period in the country. This is the story of the Malaysian Bar’s judicial review application against the decision of the then Attorney General of Malaysia not to institute a criminal prosecution against the then Prime Minister and, further, the direction to the Malaysian Anti Corruption Commission of Malaysia (“the MACC”) to cease its investigations into the transfer of funds into the said Prime Minister’s personal bank accounts. The team that represented the Malaysian Bar was led by two doyens of the profession: Tommy Thomas and Dato’ Ambiga Sreenevasan. Their appearance for the Bar was befitting of the brief. Never before had a Bar Association filed a court action to challenge the exercise of the prosecutorial powers of the state’s chief prosecuting officer. The judicial review was filed against the backdrop of an unprecedented international financial scandal which placed Malaysia at the centre of global attention. At the heart of the saga was a Malaysian company named 1Malaysia Development Berhad (“1MDB”). 1MDB was incorporated as a state investment fund for the purposes of transforming Malaysia into a financial hub. -
Apr–Jun 2019
Vol. 15 Issue 01 APR–JUN 2019 04 / Reflections on War 06 / Evidence from the Archives 22 / When Food Was Scarce 34 / Retro Disco Scene 52 / Three Records from History The Archives Issue The National Archives Turns 50 p. 10 biblioasia VOLUME 15 APR April 2019 is a special month for the National Archives of Singapore (NAS). After an 18-month JUN makeover, the NAS building at Canning Rise re-opened on 7 April with a slew of upgraded ISSUE 01 2019 Directors’ CONTENTS facilities for the public. As the NAS’ year-long 50th anniversary celebrations that began in June 2018 draw to a conclusion, we will mark its close by hosting the SARBICA* International OPINION Note Symposium from 24–28 June 2019. This special edition of BiblioAsia puts the spotlight on all things archives. In his op-ed, Dr Shashi Jayakumar describes how recent initiatives undertaken by the NAS prepare the organisation – as well as Singapore – for the future. Eric Chin examines the role of the archives in providing evidence and the value this has for Singapore – from resolving the landmark Pedra Branca dispute to helping bring the past to life for today’s generation. Fiona Tan remembers some of the pioneers who started the archives in Singapore, Mark Looking Back, The Unresolved Past: Wong interviews an archives veteran to glean insights into her 45-year career, and Abigail 02 Looking Forward 04 Reflections on War Huang charts the timeline of the archives buildings over the years (we did say this issue is and Memory about the archives!). Cheong Suk-Wai stresses the importance of oral history records and tells us why the life of a humble tailor matters as much as that of the tycoon. -
50 Reasons Why Anwar Cannot Be Prime Minister 287–8, 298 Abdul
Index 50 Reasons Why Anwar Cannot be mega-projects 194, 313–14, Prime Minister 287–8, 298 320–1, 323 successor 126, 194, 307–9, 345 Abdul Aziz Shamsuddin 298 Proton 319–21 Abdul Aziz Taha 158 Abdullah Majid 35, 36 Abdul Daim Zainuddin see Daim Abdullah Mohamed Yusof 133 Zainuddin Abu Bakar Ba’asyir 228–9 Abdul Gani Patail see Gani Patail Abu Sahid Mohamed 176 Abdul Ghafar Baba see Ghafar Baba affirmative action programme (New Abdul Khalid Sahan 165 Economic Policy/NEP) 30–1, 86, Abdul Qadeer Khan 313 87, 88–9, 96, 98, 101, 103–4, Abdul Rahim Aki 151, 152 110–13, 142, 155, 200, 230, 328, Abdul Rahim Bakar 201 329, 348 Abdul Rahim Noor see Rahim Noor Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Abdul Rahman Putra see Tunku Abdul Organization 23 Rahman agriculture 88–9, 104, 111 Abdul Rahman Aziz 227 Ahmad Zahid Hamidi see Zahid Hamidi Abdul Razak Hussein see Razak Ali Abul Hassan Sulaiman 301 Hussein Aliran (multiracial reform movement) Abdul Wahab Patail see Wahab Patail 66, 70, 324, 329 Abdullah Ahmad 4, 26, 27, 32, 35–6, Alliance 17 38, 128, 308, 319 government 18–19, 24–5, 53, 126, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi see Abdullah 218 Badawi see also National Front Abdullah Badawi 235–7, 268, 299 Alor Star 3, 4–5, 11, 14–15, 16, 130 2004 election 317–18 MAHA Clinic (“UMNO Clinic”) 13, anti-corruption agenda 310–12, 191 317–18, 319, 327–8, 330–1 Mahathir Mohamad’s relocation to Anwar Ibrahim case 316 Kuala Lumpur from 31 corruption and nepotism Alternative Front 232, 233 allegations 312–13, 323 Anti-Corruption Agency 90, 282, 301, economic policies 194, 313–14 311, -
Scholarsatrisk
SCHOLARS AT RISK N E T W O R K Fax: +603-88883444 Email: [email protected] The Honorable Dato' Sri Mohd Najib bin Tun Abdul Razak Prime Minister of Malaysia Office of the Prime Minister of Malaysia Main Block, Perdana Putra Building Federal Government Administrative Centre 62502 Putrajaya, Malaysia September 11, 2014 Re: Prof. Azmi Sharom Your Excellency: On behalf of the Scholars at Risk Network I write to express grave concern over reports that Prof. Azmi Sharom, an associate professor of law in the Faculty of Law at the University of Malaya, faces prosecution on charges relating to his academic profession. Scholars at Risk (SAR) is an international network of over 340 universities and colleges in 36 countries dedicated to promoting academic freedom and its constituent freedoms of thought, opinion, expression, association and travel. In cases like that of Prof. Azmi, involving alleged infringement of these freedoms, Scholars at Risk intervenes hoping to clarify and resolve matters favorably. Scholars at Risk understands that, on September 2, 2014, Prof. Azmi was charged in Kuala Lumpur Session Court with sedition. Under Malaysian law, sedition is defined as speech that “would bring into hatred or contempt or to excite disaffection against” the government. The charges apparently stem from an interview Prof. Azmi gave on August 14 regarding an ongoing political crisis in Selangor state. In the interview, Prof. Azmi compared the current crisis to a situation in the Malaysian state of Perak in 2009, stating, “[y]ou don’t want a repeat of that, where a secret meeting took place” and “I think what happened in Perak was legally wrong. -
Abdul Gani First Local Graduate to Become Attorney-General Bernama July 28, 2015
Abdul Gani First Local Graduate To Become Attorney-General Bernama July 28, 2015 KUALA LUMPUR, July 28 (Bernama) -- Tan Sri Abdul Gani Patail, whose service as Attorney-General was terminated yesterday due to health reasons after a 14-year tenure, is the first local graduate to have held the post. Abdul Gani, the country's eighth attorney-general, was born on Oct 6, 1955 in Lahad Datu, Sabah and holds a law degree from Universiti Malaya (UM). Joining the Judicial and Legal Service since 1980, the father-of-two began his career as deputy public prosecutor in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah and is the first Sabahan to have held the post following the establishment of the Attorney-General Chambers in the country. Throughout his service, Abdul Gani has held various posts, including as federal senior counsel in Sabah in 1985, head of the Prosecution Division (1994- 2000), chairman of the Advisory and International Division (1995) and commissioner of Law Revision (1997). On Nov 19 2001, Abdul Gani was appointed as Attorney-General effective Jan 1 2002, replacing Datuk Seri Ainum Mohd Saaid who suffered from thyroid problems. During his service, he was awarded the Panglima Setia Mahkota (PSM) which carries the title Tan Sri by Yang di-Pertuan Agong in 2013, the Darjah Kebesaran Datuk Setia-Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah (SSIS) which carries the title Datuk Setia by DYMM Sultan Selangor (2003) and Panglima Mangku Negara which carries the title Tan Sri by Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2005). Throughout his tenure as Attorney-General, Abdul Gani has handled several high-profile prosecution cases, including corruption charges against former Sabah Chief Minister, Datuk Joseph Pairin Kitingan in 1993 and led the prosecution team in the corruption and attempted sodomy case against Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim, Sukma Darmawan, Sastmitaat Madja as well as the Al-Ma'unah attempted revolt (1998). -
Memorial of Singapore
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA I PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE (MALAYSIA / SINGAPORE) MEMORIAL OF SINGAPORE VOLUME 1 25 MARCH 2004 MEMORIAL OF SINGAPORE CHAPTER I — INTRODUCTION........................................................................... 1 Section I. The Dispute ..................................................................................... 1 Section II. The Parties....................................................................................... 2 Section III. Structure of this Memorial .............................................................. 4 CHAPTER II — THE PHYSICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING.............................................................................................................. 7 Section I. Pedra Branca ................................................................................... 7 Section II. Middle Rocks and South Ledge .................................................... 11 Section III. Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge form a Distinct Group of Features............................................................ 13 CHAPTER III — HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.............................................. 15 CHAPTER IV — THE DISPUTE........................................................................... 21 Section I. The Origins of the Dispute............................................................ 21 Section II. The Special Agreement................................................................. 25