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Building ASEAN Community: Political–Security and Socio-Cultural Reflections
ASEAN@50 Volume 4 Building ASEAN Community: Political–Security and Socio-cultural Reflections Edited by Aileen Baviera and Larry Maramis Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia © Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means electronic or mechanical without prior written notice to and permission from ERIA. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, its Governing Board, Academic Advisory Council, or the institutions and governments they represent. The findings, interpretations, conclusions, and views expressed in their respective chapters are entirely those of the author/s and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, its Governing Board, Academic Advisory Council, or the institutions and governments they represent. Any error in content or citation in the respective chapters is the sole responsibility of the author/s. Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted with proper acknowledgement. Cover Art by Artmosphere Design. Book Design by Alvin Tubio. National Library of Indonesia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ISBN: 978-602-8660-98-3 Department of Foreign Affairs Kagawaran ng Ugnayang Panlabas Foreword I congratulate the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), the Permanent Mission of the Philippines to ASEAN and the Philippine ASEAN National Secretariat for publishing this 5-volume publication on perspectives on the making, substance, significance and future of ASEAN. -
1380097620-Laporan Tahunan 2003-Bhgn 3
JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT BAB / CHAPTER 5 JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR http://www.jas.sains.my 35 JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT LAPORAN TAHUNAN 2003 36 ANNUAL REPORT 2003 JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT PENGAWASAN KUALITI UDARA AIR QUALITY MONITORING Status Kualiti Udara Air Quality Status Pada tahun 2003, Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) terus In 2003, the Department of Environment (DOE) mengawasi status kualiti udara di dalam negara monitored air quality under the national monitoring melalui rangkaian pengawasan kualiti udara network consisting of 51 automatic and 25 manual kebangsaan yang terdiri dari 51 stesen automatik dan stations (Map 5.1, Map 5.2). Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), 25 stesen manual (Peta 5.1, Peta 5.2). Sulfur Dioksida Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), (SO2), Karbon Monoksida (CO), Nitrogen Dioksida Ozone (O3) and Particulate Matter (PM10) were (NO2), Ozon (O3) and Partikulat Terampai (PM10) continuously monitored, while several heavy metals diawasi secara berterusan sementara logam berat including lead (Pb) were measured once in every six termasuk plumbum (Pb) diukur sekali pada setiap days (Table 5.1). enam hari. (Jadual 5.1). Secara keseluruhan, kualiti udara di seluruh negara The overall air quality for Malaysia throughout the pada tahun 2003 meningkat sedikit berbanding tahun 2003 improved slightly compared to 2002, such as sebelumnya terutama bagi parameter Partikulat for PM10, mainly due to more wet weather conditions Terampai (PM10) disebabkan oleh keadaan cuaca -
Case Concerning Sovereignty Over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore)
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS, ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS CASE CONCERNING SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE (MALAYSIA/SINGAPORE) JUDGMENT OF 23 MAY 2008 2008 COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE RECUEIL DES ARRE|TS, AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES AFFAIRE RELATIVE Av LA SOUVERAINETÉ SUR PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS ET SOUTH LEDGE (MALAISIE/SINGAPOUR) ARRE|T DU 23 MAI 2008 Official citation: Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2008,p.12 Mode officiel de citation: Souveraineté sur Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks et South Ledge (Malaisie/Singapour), arrêt, C.I.J. Recueil 2008,p.12 Sales number ISSN 0074-4441 No de vente: 937 ISBN 978-92-1-071046-6 23 MAY 2008 JUDGMENT SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/ PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE (MALAYSIA/SINGAPORE) SOUVERAINETÉ SUR PEDRA BRANCA/ PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS ET SOUTH LEDGE (MALAISIE/SINGAPOUR) 23 MAI 2008 ARRE|T 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs 1. CHRONOLOGY OF THE PROCEDURE 1-15 2. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND CHARACTERISTICS 16-19 3. GENERAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 20-29 4. HISTORY OF THE DISPUTE 30-36 5. SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH 37-277 5.1. Arguments of the Parties 37-42 5.2. The question of the burden of proof 43-45 5.3. Legal status of Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh before the 1840s 46-117 5.3.1. Original title to Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh 46-80 5.3.2. -
The World Factbook
The World Factbook East & Southeast Asia :: Malaysia Introduction :: Malaysia Background: During the late 18th and 19th centuries, Great Britain established colonies and protectorates in the area of current Malaysia; these were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula except Singapore formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore, as well as Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo, joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's independence were marred by a communist insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's withdrawal in 1965. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to the development of manufacturing, services, and tourism. Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak (in office since April 2009) has continued these pro-business policies and has introduced some civil reforms. Geography :: Malaysia Location: Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam Geographic coordinates: 2 30 N, 112 30 E Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total: 329,847 sq km country comparison to the world: 67 land: 328,657 sq km water: 1,190 sq km Area - comparative: slightly larger -
Case Concerning Sovereignty Over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore)
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS, ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS CASE CONCERNING SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE (MALAYSIA/SINGAPORE) JUDGMENT OF 23 MAY 2008 2008 COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE RECUEIL DES ARRE|TS, AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES AFFAIRE RELATIVE Av LA SOUVERAINETÉ SUR PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS ET SOUTH LEDGE (MALAISIE/SINGAPOUR) ARRE|T DU 23 MAI 2008 PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/feab3a/ Official citation: Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2008,p.12 Mode officiel de citation: Souveraineté sur Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks et South Ledge (Malaisie/Singapour), arrêt, C.I.J. Recueil 2008,p.12 Sales number ISSN 0074-4441 No de vente: 937 ISBN 978-92-1-071046-6 PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/feab3a/ 23 MAY 2008 JUDGMENT SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/ PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE (MALAYSIA/SINGAPORE) SOUVERAINETÉ SUR PEDRA BRANCA/ PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS ET SOUTH LEDGE (MALAISIE/SINGAPOUR) 23 MAI 2008 ARRE|T PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/feab3a/ 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs 1. CHRONOLOGY OF THE PROCEDURE 1-15 2. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND CHARACTERISTICS 16-19 3. GENERAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 20-29 4. HISTORY OF THE DISPUTE 30-36 5. SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH 37-277 5.1. Arguments of the Parties 37-42 5.2. The question of the burden of proof 43-45 5.3. Legal status of Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh before the 1840s 46-117 5.3.1. -
Impact of Singapore Land Reclamations
STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL Impact of Singapore Land Reclamations Report of the Group of Independent Experts (GOE) in the matter of ITLOS Order of 8 October, 2003 Members of the GOE: Prof. K. d’Angremond Prof. R.A. Falconer Prof. C.A. Fleming Prof. J.W. Kamphuis 5 November 2004 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction........................................................................................... 3 2. Description of the Basic Processes........................................................ 4 2.1 General Description .....................................................................................................4 2.2 Basic Principle.............................................................................................................5 2.3 Current Velocities in Calder Harbour (Item 1)..............................................................5 2.4 Large Scale Eddies (Item 2) .......................................................................................10 2.5 Decrease of Slack Water Tidal Window near Pulau Ubin (Item 4)..............................11 3. Impacts................................................................................................. 11 4. Conclusions......................................................................................... 14 5. Recommendations .............................................................................. 14 Attachment 1 Impact Tables ................................................................. -
Apr–Jun 2019
Vol. 15 Issue 01 APR–JUN 2019 04 / Reflections on War 06 / Evidence from the Archives 22 / When Food Was Scarce 34 / Retro Disco Scene 52 / Three Records from History The Archives Issue The National Archives Turns 50 p. 10 biblioasia VOLUME 15 APR April 2019 is a special month for the National Archives of Singapore (NAS). After an 18-month JUN makeover, the NAS building at Canning Rise re-opened on 7 April with a slew of upgraded ISSUE 01 2019 Directors’ CONTENTS facilities for the public. As the NAS’ year-long 50th anniversary celebrations that began in June 2018 draw to a conclusion, we will mark its close by hosting the SARBICA* International OPINION Note Symposium from 24–28 June 2019. This special edition of BiblioAsia puts the spotlight on all things archives. In his op-ed, Dr Shashi Jayakumar describes how recent initiatives undertaken by the NAS prepare the organisation – as well as Singapore – for the future. Eric Chin examines the role of the archives in providing evidence and the value this has for Singapore – from resolving the landmark Pedra Branca dispute to helping bring the past to life for today’s generation. Fiona Tan remembers some of the pioneers who started the archives in Singapore, Mark Looking Back, The Unresolved Past: Wong interviews an archives veteran to glean insights into her 45-year career, and Abigail 02 Looking Forward 04 Reflections on War Huang charts the timeline of the archives buildings over the years (we did say this issue is and Memory about the archives!). Cheong Suk-Wai stresses the importance of oral history records and tells us why the life of a humble tailor matters as much as that of the tycoon. -
Memorial of Singapore
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA I PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE (MALAYSIA / SINGAPORE) MEMORIAL OF SINGAPORE VOLUME 1 25 MARCH 2004 MEMORIAL OF SINGAPORE CHAPTER I — INTRODUCTION........................................................................... 1 Section I. The Dispute ..................................................................................... 1 Section II. The Parties....................................................................................... 2 Section III. Structure of this Memorial .............................................................. 4 CHAPTER II — THE PHYSICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING.............................................................................................................. 7 Section I. Pedra Branca ................................................................................... 7 Section II. Middle Rocks and South Ledge .................................................... 11 Section III. Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge form a Distinct Group of Features............................................................ 13 CHAPTER III — HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.............................................. 15 CHAPTER IV — THE DISPUTE........................................................................... 21 Section I. The Origins of the Dispute............................................................ 21 Section II. The Special Agreement................................................................. 25 -
V.3 the International Court of Justice and Territorial Disputes: Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge
V. JUDICIAL GLOBALIZATION 23 V.3 The International Court of Justice and Territorial Disputes: Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge Edouard Fromageau 1. Background The dispute between Malaysia and Singapore over Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge – three maritime features located at the eastern entrance of the Straits of Singapore – began in December 1979 when Malaysia published a map depicting Pedra Branca as lying within its territorial waters. A few months later, Singapore sent a diplomatic note rejecting Malaysia’s claim to Pedra Branca and requesting a correction of the map. Attempts to settle the dispute by bilateral negotiations were made from 1993 to 1994. The question of sovereignty over Middle Rocks and South Ledge was raised during these negotiations. Faced with a lack of progress, both parties decided to submit the dispute to the International Court of Justice on 24 July 2003. According to the Special Agreement signed by the parties, the Court was requested to determine whether sovereignty over these features belongs to Malaysia or Singapore. Pedra Branca, also named Pulau Batu Puteh by Malaysia, is a granite outcrop located 25 nautical miles east of Singapore, 7.7 nautical miles south of Johor, Malaysia, and 7.6 nautical miles north of the Indonesian island of Bintan. During the low water spring tide, it measures 137 meters long with an average width of 60 meters. Between March 1850 and October 1851 a lighthouse was constructed on Pedra Branca. The “Horsburgh lighthouse” occupies most of its surface at high tide and has been in operation since its first lighting in October 1851. -
Singapore's Foreign Policy: Beyond Realism
SINGAPORE’S FOREIGN POLICY: BEYOND REALISM Submitted by Ming Hwa Ting This thesis is submitted to the University of Adelaide as a requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Asian Studies North Terrace Campus, the University of Adelaide March 2010 consummatum est ii Abstract .......................................................................................................................... vi Thesis Declaration ........................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... viii List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... x 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY STUDY SINGAPORE‟S FOREIGN POLICY? ........ 11 1.1 Singapore in Southeast Asia: The Vulnerability Myth ................................. 12 1.2 Why Realism is in Vogue: Size as a Deteminant in Singapore‟s Threat Perception ..................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Limitations of Realism .................................................................................. 17 1.4 Literature Review .......................................................................................... 21 1.4.1 Singapore‟s Foreign Policy: Paucity of Empirical Research .................... 21 1.3.2 Paucity of Alternative Theoretical Research ........................................... -
Separate Opinion of Judge Ad Hoc Sreenivasa Rao
SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE AD HOC SREENIVASA RAO Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh belongs to Singapore ⎯ Sovereignty over Middle Rocks also belongs to Singapore and not to Malaysia ⎯ Johor never had had original title and did not do so as of 1847 ⎯ Malaysia did not discharge the required burden of proof and could not produce certain and conclusive evidence that Johor ever had possession of Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh to sustain its claim that Johor had original title based on immemorial possession ⎯ General historical references and the private activities of the Orang Laut are not sufficient to establish the claim of original title ⎯ Effective display of State authority or conduct à titre de souverain involving continuous and uncontested possession of the rock is essential ⎯ Both Johor and Britain, initially, did not show any interest and hence any intention to acquire title ⎯ Status of Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh was indeterminate in 1847 ⎯ Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh was not terra nullius as Johor could be deemed to have discovered it and had an inchoate title ⎯ Johor’s title needed perfection particularly in the face of growing manifestation on the part of Britain to acquire sovereignty ⎯ Peaceful, long, continuous possession and exercise of State functions by Britain and Singapore going beyond the needs of management of the lighthouse for over 100 years ⎯ Lack of protest and even acceptance by Johor of the authority of Singapore over the rock and the waters around it ⎯ Johor’s categorical reply to Singapore in 1953 stating it had no claim to ownership of Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh provides certain and conclusive evidence that Singapore had sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh by 1953 and maintained it ever since ⎯ Middle Rocks and South Ledge, which is a low-tide elevation, also belong to Singapore as both fall within the customary three-mile territorial sea limit of Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh. -
Science & Technology
Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 26 (1): 95 - 120 (2018) SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Journal homepage: http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/ Distributions, Composition Patterns, Sources and Potential Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Pollution in Surface Sediments from the Kim Kim River and Segget River, Peninsula Malaysia Mehrzad Keshavarzifard1,2*, Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria3, Shahin Keshavarzifard4 and Reza Sharifi2 1Environmental Forensics Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran 3Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 UM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran ABSTRACT This study investigated distributions, composition patterns, sources and potential toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) pollution in surface sediments from the Kim Kim River and Segget River, Peninsular Malaysia. The samples were extracted using Soxhlet extraction, purified using two-step silica gel column chromatography and then analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total PAH concentrations ranged from 95.17 to 361.24 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) and 330.09 to 552.76 ng g-1 dw in surface sediments from the Kim Kim and Segget Rivers, respectively. Source type identification using PAH molecular indices and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated that PAHs were mostly of pyrogenic origin, while in some stations petrogenic sources had a significant portion. A PAH toxicity assessment using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), mean effect range-median quotient (M-ERM-Q), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) equivalent concentration and BaP toxicity equivalent quotient (TEQcarc) indicated low probability of toxicity for both the Kim Kim and Segget Rivers.