CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS

CASE CONCERNING SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA BRANCA/ PULAU BATU PUTEH, AND SOUTH LEDGE

( / )

EXTRACTED FROM THE WRITTEN PLEADINGS OF MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE

Legends:

MM - Memorial of Malaysia

MCM - Counter-Memorial of Malaysia

MR - Reply of Malaysia

SM - Memorial of Singapore

SCM - Counter-Memorial of Singapore

SR - Reply of Singapore

Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

r

1433 The first written record of PBP (Pia M para 33 MR para 9 did not refer to Chiao) was given by the Chinese the description as stated by navigator Cheng Ho sometime MR para 9 MOFA. MR para 9 refers to before 1433. Chinese navigator named Zheng He.

The supporting documentlarticle cited in support of MM para 33 is not annexed to the pleadings

1511 captured by Portuguese. MM para 37 The supporting documentlarticle cited in MCM para 29 support of MM para 37 and MCM para 29 is not annexed MR Appendix I para B.4 to the pleadings. SCM Appendix A para 2

1512 Mahmud established what MM para 37 Winstedt, A History of Winstedt, A History of Johore, became the Sultanate of . Johore, p 14. p 14. is not annexed to the MCM para 29 pleadings. SCM para 2.8 Discussion Location AGC NotelRemarks

Portuguese Barros reported that MCM para 19 MCM Vol3 Annex 7 'White Rock.. . is very much in demand by the pilots of those parts'. MR para 77

Johor Sultanate began formal MCM para 29 relations with Dutch East lndies Company (VOC).

VOC was formed as a corporation MR para 69, ftn 125 with six chambers. MR Appendix 1, para B.6

Hugo Grotius recorded Johor as a MM para 38, ftn 14 The supporting Sultanate which 'has long been document/article cited in considered a sovereign principality'. MCM para 29 support of MM para 38 is not annexed to the pleadings Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

17 March Earliest Dutch with Johor MM para 78 MM para 78 cited the earliest 1606 Dutch Treaty as 17 March MR para 69 1606 while MR para 69 cited a different date of 17 May 1606. Para C.l of Appendix 1 of MR supported the date of 17 May 1606.

17 May 1606 Admiral Cornelis Matelieff de longe MM para 39 MM para 39 and MCM para of the VOC contracted on behalf of 30 do not relate to the event the States-General with the Sultan of MCM Para 30 as stated by MOFA. Johor for his assistance in seizing the city of Malacca from the MR para 69, Appendix 1, Portuguese. para C.l

1641 The combined forces of Johor and MM para 39 The supporting the Dutch jointly conquered Malacca document/article cited in from the Portuguese. The Dutch MCM para 30 support of MM para 39 and took the town of Malacca and Johor MCM para 30 is not annexed acquired the territory around the SCM Appendix A para 4 to the pleadings. town. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1 April 1655 Internal communication from the MM para 78 MM Vol3 Annex 22 Dutch Governor of Malacca to the Dutch Governor-General in Batavia. MR Para 70, Appendix 1, (Proposed that the VOC send two Para B-7 boats to "cruise to the south of Singapore Straits under the Hook of SCM para 4-17, 4.1 Barbukit and in the vicinity of Pedra Branca". This was to prevent SR para 2.45 Chinese junks from reaching the .)

26 Letter from the Dutch Governor- MM para 78-79 MM Vol3 Annex 21 December General to the Directors of the VOC 1662 reporting that the MR para 71 Appendix I had protested against the Dutch para B.7 practice of diverting away from Johor River to Malacca. SCM para 4.16, 4.18, 4.19

1685 - 1699 Reign of Assassination of Sultan MR Appendix II para 14 Andaya L., The Andaya L., The Kingdom of Mahmud II. He was assassinated in Kingdom of Johor, Johor, 1641-1728 (1975), at 1699. SCM para 3.14(b) 1641-1 728 (1975), at p. 78-79 is not annexed to the p. 78-79. pleadings. SCM Appendix A para 4

Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

7 The VOC signed a "convention" MR Appendix I para C.3, 1787 (conventie) with Johor to resolve the C4 difficulty faced by the Johor ruler, Sultan Mahmud, in paying the indemnity required under the 1784 Peace Treaty.

May 1787 A fleet of 90 vessels carrying 7000 MR Appendix I para C.4 warriors appeared in and destroyed the Dutch garrison there. SCM Appendix A Para 7

December The VOC returned with a fleet from MR Appendix I para C.4 1787 Malacca and retook the island of Riau. SCM Appendix A para 7

1793 - 1815 During the British MM para 40 (1793-1 81 5) MCM para 33 states the took temporary control of strategic duration of 1795-1813 and Dutch possessions including MCM para 33 (1795-1 814) not 1795-1814. Malacca (1795), the Moluccas (1796) and (1811). MR para 69 (1795-1 81 3) MR para 69 states the duration of 1795-1814 and not 1795-181 3. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1794 Sultan Mahmud and the VOC MR Appendix I para C.5 negotiated the return of authority over the island of Riau to the ruler for a payment of 50,000 Spanish dollars.

1795 Dutch officials surrendered the city MR Appendix I para C.5 of Malacca to the English. SCM para 3.14(d), Appendix A para 8

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1812 Sultan Mahmud Ill of Johor died. He MR p 50 had two sons, Hussein and Abdul Raham, the latter took the throne. MR Appendix I para C.6, Appendix II para 17

SMC para 3.14(e), Appendix A para 9

SM Chapter Ill para 3.3 Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

13 August Convention between Great Britain MM para 41 MM Vol2 Annex 1 1814 and the Relative to the Dutch Colonies. (Dutch sovereignty MCM Para 33 over its colonies in various continents, including Asia, was restored.)

1818 The English returned Malacca and MR Appendix I para C.5, Riau to the Dutch State. The Dutch C.6, C7, Appendix II para recognized Abdul Rahman as 17 successor to Sultan Mahmud in return for his agreement to the re- SCM Para 3.14(d), establishment of the Dutch post on Appendix A Para 8, 10 Riau.

28 Treaty between the Dutch and Abdul MR Appendix 1 para C.5, November Rahman was signed which renewed C.6, C.15, Appendix II the 1784 Treaty. para 17

It was further elaborated in a treaty SCM para 3.1 4(d), of4April 1820. Appendix A para 8 Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1819-1824 Great Britain and the Netherlands MCM para 15, 33, 36 MM Annex 1,5 MCM para 15 and 36 do not were in protracted negotiations on a relate to the event as demarcation of their spheres of SCM para 3.16, 2.22, 3.23 described by MOFA. influence in the region. MM para 15 and MM Annex 1 refers to a 3 August 1814 Convention between the Great Britain and Netherlands.

SCM para 3.16 does not relate to the event as described by MOFA.

SCM Chapter 2 only ends at para 2.1 1. Hence, there is no para 2.22.

SCM para 3.23 does not relate to the event as described by MOFA. Date ~ Discussion Location AGC NotelRemarks

1 30 January Agreement between the EIC and the MM para 45,47, 62, 48, MM Vol2 Annex 2 MCM para 107 does not 1819 of Johore. (EIC relate to 30 January 1819 obtained parts of Singapore to build Agreement. a factory.) MCM para 34,107 MR para 75, 96, 108, Appendix I para C.7, Appendix II para 17

SM para 1.7, 3.3

SCM Appendix A para 11

6 February and Alliance MM para 45,48, 62, 167 MM Vol2 Annex 3 1819 between Sir and Sultan Hussain Mahummad Shah, MCM para 34 Sultan of Johore, and Dato Temenggong Sri Maharajah Abdul- MR para 67, 75, 96, 108, Rahman. (The Appendix I para C8, was to be considered under the Appendix I1 para 17 immediate protection and subject to the regulations of the British SM para 1.7, 3.4 authorities.) SCM Appendix A para 11 Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

26 June Arrangements made for the MM para 48,62, 167 MM Vol2 Annex 4 MM para 46 which is not 1819 , listed should be the most Singapore. Supplementary MR para 75, 96 relevant para in regard to the Arrangement was concluded with arrangements of 26 June the Sultan and Temenggong of 1819 referred to by MOFA. Johor, detailing the boundaries of the area on the island of Singapore which would be under the control of the EIC for purposes of establishing the factory.

/ 13 October The regalia was taken by force from MR Appendix I para C.9 1822 Engku Puteri by Dutch representatives making possible the SCM Appendix A Para 9 formal installation of Sultan Abdul Raham as ruler of Riau-Lingga the following year. Date EvenVDocument Discussion Location AGC NotelRemarks

10 January Letter from Crawfurd (Resident in MM para 80 MM Vol2 Annex 58 The document cited in 1824 Singapore) to Swinton (The support of MM para 80 is not Secretary to the Government in MR para 76 SCM Annex 2, 17 annexed to the pleading. ). (Johore 'embraced all the islands in the mouth of the Straits of SCM para 4-21- 4-23 MM Annex 58 is not in Vol 2 Malacca with all those in of MM but in Vol 3. It is also seas, as far as Natunas'.) not a 10 January 1824 letter from Crawfurd but a letter dated 2 November 1850 from Thomson to Church. The letter of 10 January 1824 is found in MM Annex 24. It is also found in SCM Annex 2. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NotelRemarks

17 March Treaty between His Britannick MM para 8, 36, 48, 49-53, MM Vol2 Annex 5 1824 Majesty and the King of the 72, 85, 92, 98, 103, 188, Netherlands, respecting Territory 238,239,284,294,310, SR Val 2 Annex 1 and commerce in the East Indies. 328(a), Insert 6 pg 23 (Extracts from the (This distinguished between the Dutch-Proposed Draft British and Dutch spheres of MCM para II, 15, 32-33, of the Anglo-Dutch influence in the Malay region.) 36-38, 39, 50, 99, 157, Treaty). (Anglo-Dutch Treaty). 577 MR 5(b)(d), 18, 26, 44, 47, 54-56, 78, 76, 79, 80-84, Figure 1 p 37, 86, 88, 91, 92, 95, 97, 109, 368, 433, 434 Appendix I C.lO, C.ll, C.12, D.2, D.4, Appendix II para 18, 19, 21,22

SCM para 1.3, 1.4, 2.9, 3.16-3.32, 3.43, 4.26, 7.4, 7.13, 7.14, 7.18, Appendix A para 12-15

SR para 2.4(a), 2.22, 2.23-2.28, 2.34, 2.35, 2.38, 8.15, 10.15 Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

2 August EIC entered into a Treaty of MM para 8, 9, 30,48, 54- MM Vol2 Annex 6 The discussion on the treaty 1824 Friendship and Alliance with their 56, Insert 7 p 25, 57, 62, may also be found at SM Vol. Highnesses the Sultan and 75,84, 92, 98, 100,118, MCM Map 1 P 277-278 2, Annex 4. Tumungong of Johore. (EIC 139, 140, 167, 168, 188, obtained, on behalf of the British 192, 237-239, 284, 328 Government, full sovereignty over the Island of Singapore through a MCM Para l(c)(d), 15, 22, cession treaty with the local Malay 25-36 38-42, 45,46, 50, chiefs.) (Crawfurd Treaty) 109, 112, 115, 118, 121, 157, 158, 163, 300, 362, 507,577

MR para 5(c), 44, 54, 56, 61, 79, 83, 84, 93, 96, 107, 138, 260, 266, 368, 385,433 SM para 1.7, 3.5, 5.5

SM para 1.7,3.5, 5.5

SCM para 1.14(a), 1.15(a), 6.21, 6.22, 7.4, 7.12-7.14, 7.16-7.18, Appendix A para 13

SR para 2.4, 2.12, 2.1 3, 2.14, 2.17, 2.22, 2.44. 2.47, 7.8, 10.15 Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

3 August Letter from Crawfurd (Resident of SR para 2.14 SCM Vol2 Annex 3 The word "regardedJJshould 1824 Singapore) to Swinton (Secretary to read as "regarding". the Government of India). (Regarded the cession of Singapore and its territorial limits, to the extent of 10 geographical miles from the Coast of the mainland.)

31 August Letter from Elout (Dutch Minister of MR para 84, Appendix II MR Vol 2 Annex 2 1824 Colonies) to the Governor-General para 22 of the VOC. (Gave instructions to the Governor-General of the VOC on how to implement the Anglo Dutch Treaty.)

1 October Letter from Crawfurd (Resident of SCM para 3.9 (a) MM Vol3 Annex 24 MM Vol. 3 Annex 24 1824 Singapore) to Swinton (Secretary to incorrectly spelt "Swinton" as the Government of India). (Provided SCM Vol2 Annex 4 "Swindon". that the islands of Carimon and Bulang belonged to the Temenggong of Johor). Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NotelRemarks

1825 Temenggong Abdul Raham died. MR para 80, page 50, "Abdul Raham" should read Appendix II para 28 as "Abdul Rahman".

SCM Appendix A para 18

15 February Letter from the Governor-General to MR para 86, Appendix II MR Vol 2 Annex 4 Note that the letter itself is not 1825 the Viceroy Raja Jafar in Riau, who para 23 (Report by Angelbeek annexed to the pleadings. was the representative of the Sultan to the Governor- of Lingga. The letter was delivered SCM Para 3-32 General of the Note also that the exact date by Van Angelbeek who notified the Netherlands East- of 15 February 1825 is also Sultan of specific Articles in the Indies on his mission not referred to in the Report. Anglo-Dutch Treaty. The letter was to Riau, p282-283) The Report merely stated delivered after 10 April 1825. 1825.

4 March Letter from Government of India to MR para 89 MR Vol2 Annex 3 1825 Crawfurd (Resident of Singapore) stating that ". ..our acquisition of these islets is not at variance with the obligations of the Treaty concluded at in March last, as they are all situated Norfh of the Southern limits of the Straights of Singapore. "

- Date EvenUDocument Discussion Location AGC NotelRemarks

10 April Christiaan van Angelbeek arrived at MR para 85, Appendix II MR Vol 2 Annex 4 1825 Singapore and delivered a letter para C. 12, Appendix l l (Report by Angelbeek from the Dutch Governor-General to para 23 .to the Governor- Crawfurd (Resident of Singapore). General of the VOC on his mission to Riau).

25 June Letter from Sultan Abdul Rahman to MR para 18, 91, 92, 93 SCM Vol2 Annex 5 1825 Sultan Hussein, donating 'the lands of Johor, ' in the Malayan SCM para 3.32-3.34, Peninsula to Hussein while retaining Appendix A Para 15 all islands in the sea for himself.

4 - 8 August Crawfurd (Resident of Singapore) MM para 57, 160 J.H. Moor, Notices of The J.H. Moor, Notices of the 1825 took formal possession of the Island the Indian Archipelago Indian Archipelago and of Singapore and its dependencies, MCM Para 61 and Adjacent Adjacent Countries, planting the and firing a Countries, Singapore, Singapore, 1837, p 269-73 is 21 gun salute in different parts of the 1837, p 269-73. not annexed to the pleadings. new settlement. Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

9 August Crawfurd (Resident of Singapore) MM para 57 J.H. Moor, Notices of The J.H. Moor, Notices of the 1825 landed on Rabbit and Coney Island the Indian Archipelago Indian Archipelago and and took possession under a salute and Adjacent Adjacent Countries, of 21 gun salute. Countries, Singapore, Singapore, 1837, p 269-73 is 1837, p 269-73. not annexed to the pleadings.

16 August Letter from Crawfurd (Resident of MR para 90, 213 MR Vol2 Annex 5 1825 Singapore) to Government of India. (Informed the Government that he had taken possession of all the Islands lying within 10 miles of the main Island of Singapore.)

1826 The EIC united Singapore, Malacca, MM para 59 The document in support of Province of Wellesly and MM para 59 is not annexed to under the name the Straits MCM para 300 the pleadings. Settlements. SM para 3.6, 5.6

1826 - 1830 It seems likely that the name South MM para 292 Ledge was introduced in this period. Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

18 August Letter from the Resident of Rhio to MM para 85 MM Vol3 Annex 25 1827 the Resident Councillor, Singapore. (Extract in Baker) (Carimon Islands now under Dutch influence.)

8 September Letter from the Resident Councillor, MM para 85 MM Vol3 Annex 26 1827 Singapore to the Secretary to Government, Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca. (Carimon Islands now under Dutch influence.)

5 December Report by Edward Presgrave, MM para 43,82, Insert 11, MM Vol3 Annex 27 MM Vol 3 Annex 27 does not 1828 Registrar Imports and Exports to K. p 36 attached the list of places Murchison, Resident Councillor. SCM Col2 Annex 7 (A referred to by Presgrave at (Reportindicatedareasfallingwithin SCMPara1.7,3.10,4.24- ListofPlaceswithin para 4 of the Report. It Johore.) 4.26 the Jurisdiction of appeared in SCM Vol 2 Johor with the Annex 7. probable number of inhabitants at each", The document can also be attached to the Report found at Tab 27 of MM Blue by Presgrave) Book.

"SCM Col 2" should read "SCM Vol2" Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

22 Letter from the Government MM para 110 MM Vol3 Annex 28 The document can also be December Secretary to the Resident Councillor, found at Tab 28 of MM Blue 1829 . Book.

1830 The extension of the actual control MM para 81 The document cited in of the Sultanate inland on the Malay support of the statement is Peninsula was initiated by the not annexed to the pleadings. Temenggong .

1833 Charter of the EIC SM para 6.1 5, 6.1 8 SM Vol2 Annex 5

1833 A mission to Batavia undertaken by MCM para. 37 MCM Vol3 Annex 9 a Vietnamese Envoy. SR para 2.28-2.33 SR Vol2 Annex 2 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

12 July 1833 Letter from the Resident of Riau to MR para 98 MR Vol2 Annex 8 the Director of Finance and Domains of the VOC ("lands middelen en domeinen'? ('jurisdictional limit of the Singapore port is ... determined to be 10 English Miles').

1835 Sultan Husain died. MR Appendix I para C.14

SCM Appendix A para 17

14 May 1836 Capt. James Horsburgh, an eminent MM para 107 Both paragraphs of MM and hydrographer of the EIC, died. SM do merely cited the year SM para 5.1 8 1836 and not the date 14 May 1836.

13 October Singapore Free Press issued MM para 108 ftn 85 MM Vol3 Annex 29 The document can also be 1836 "Missing Vessels - Navigation to found at Tab 29 of MM Blue China". Book. Date EvenIlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

22 Meeting at Marwick's Hotel in MM para 107,119, 120 MMVol.3Annex30 MMparall9and120arenot November Canton in which merchants and (The Canton Press), relevant to the event stated 1836 mariners resolved to raise a SM para 5.18. 5.60 31 (The Canton by MOFA. lighthouse in memory of Horsburgh, Press), 32 (The who had done much to assist in the SCM para 4.42, 5-30 CantonRegister),33 MMVol.3Annex30and31 navigation of the seas between India (Singapore Free can also be found at Tab 30 and China. Press) and Tab 31 of MM Blue Book.

SM Vol2 Annex 6 (Memorial of Merchants)

26 Article in The Canton Press MM para 107 MM Vol3 Annex 30 The document can also be November regarding the public meeting of 22 found at Tab 30 of MM Blue 1836 November 1836. MCM para 96 Book. MR para 119,120 Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NotelRemarks

29 Merchants wrote to the Governor- SM para 5.60 SM Vol2 Annex 6 The document may prove to December General in India suggesting the be highly significant and 1836 construction of two 1ighthouses:one useful is supporting at Coney Rock for the western Malaysia's contention that channel, and the other at PBP. PBP is located north of the strait of Singapore by reference to para 4 which reads: "That the Islet or rock the Coney offers all the requisite advantages of position for the Western Channel being at the same time the extreme point of the Northern Side of the Straights and that Pedro Branco possesses the same advantage for the Eastern Position.. " Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1837 Lord Auckland sends W.R. Young to SM para 5.60 The document in support of the to ascertain SM para 5.60 is not annexed how the EIC can raise funds. Young to the pleadings. recommended that modest customs duties be levied for Penang and Singapore. Governor of the Straits Settlements Bonham agrees. Both Lord Auckland and the Court balk at this proposal.

1837 A Committee was formed to receive MCM para 97 ftn. 141 subscriptions towards erecting a Testimonial of respect in Bombay to SR para 3.56 the memory of the late James Horsburgh Esq.

5 April 1838 Singapore Free Press issued "The MM para 107 ftn. 83 MM Vol3 Annex 34 Horsburgh Memorial". MR para 119 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1 March Jardine Matheson and Co. (Treasuer MM para 109 MM Vol3 Annex 35 MM Vol. 3 Annex 35 can also 1842 of the China Fund for a Testimonial be found at Tab 35 of MM to the Memorial of the Late James MR para 119 SM Vol2 Annex 8 Blue Book. Horsburgh Esqre) wrote to Bonham (Governor of the Straits Settlements) SM para 5. 91 5-601 5-61 to inform him that the building of the 5.62 lighthouse on PBP could only be carried into effect under the SCM para 5.30 auspices of the British Government. SR para 3,62 It also specified the funds raised.

MM Vol3 Annex 36 MM Vol. 3 Annex 36 can also be found at Tab 36 of MM Date EventDocument Discussion Location AGC MoteIRernarks

28 April The Singapore Free Press reports SM para 5.60 The document in support of 1842 that Jardine Matheson had told the SM para 5.60 is not annexed Government of the Straits to the pleadings. Settlements that they were willing to hand over the monies collected for the construction of a lighthouse on PBP.

1 May 1842 Letter from Thomson (Government MM para 111 MM Vol3 Annex 37 Typo error of the word Surveyor, Singapore) to Governor "receommnedations". S.G. Bonham, (Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and MM Vol. 3 Annex 37 can also Malacca). (Thomson suggested be found at Tab 37 of MM Barn Island and made Blue Book. receommnedations about the colours of the light.) Date EventlDocurnent Discussion Location AGC NotelRernarks

23 July 1842 Letter from Bonham (Governor of MM para 111 MM Vol3 Annex 38 MM Vol. 3 Annex 38 can also Prince of Wales Island, Singapore be found at Tab 38 of MM and Malacca) to Bushby (Secretary SM Para 5-19, 5-60 SM Vol2 Annex 9 Blue Book. of the Government of Bengal). (Reported on the collection by the SCM para 5-30 merchant communities for the building of the lighthouse and recommended that a lighthouse be built on Barn Island. Bonham suggested that the funds be used to build the lighthouse and procure a lantern, and that maintenance of the lighthouse be funded by a charge imposed on vessels calling at Singapore.) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

31 August Letter from Bushby (Secretary to the MM para 111 MM Vol3 Annex 39 To note that the reason for Government of Bengal) to Governor. the decline of Bonham's Bonham, (Governor of Prince of SM para 5.19, 5.60 SM Vol2 Annex 10 suggestion was that the Court Wales Island Singapore and of Directors was reluctant to Malacca). (Bonham's suggestion impose any port duties on was declined because the British vessels calling at Singapore Crown, through the Court of for the maintenance of the lighthouse in order to preserve the perfect freedom of trade at Singapore.

MM Vol. 3 Annex 39 can also be found at Tab 39 of MM

SM para 5.60 is not relevant to the event cited by MOFA. Date Discussion AGC NoteIRemarks

25 May 1843 The Singapore Free Press article I MM para 95, 141 was published; referring to Batu Puteh as the territory of the MCM para 20 Temenggong of Johore and as being a place where 'pirates go for shelter MR para 9, 77, 99, 100, and concealment'. I01 SCM para 4.38, 4.39

SR para 2.45

20 April Butterworth (Govenor of the Prince MR para 115 I844 of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca) wrote to Belcher (Captain SCM para 5.31 of H.M.S Samarang) asking for his advice on the most advantageous site for the erection of a lighthouse in memory of James Horsburgh. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1 October Belcher (Captain of H.M.S MM para 128 MM Vol3 Annex 41 Typo error of the word 1844 Samarang) responded Butterworth's "Govenor" as it should read (Govenor of the Prince of Wales MRpara 115,117,128 SM Vol2 Annex 11 "Governor". Island, Singapore and Malacca) request for a suitable site for the SM para 5.34, 5.40 MM Vol. 3 Annex 41 can also lighthouse. Belcher's letter also be found at Tab 41 of MM reported on his survey of Peak SCM para 5.31, 5.33, Blue Book. Rock. Belcher recommended "outer 5.38, 5.43, 5.45, 5.55 Romania Island" (Peak Rock). SR para 3.21 (a), 3.22

2 October Letter from Butterworth (Governor of MR para 124, 252, 253 SCM Vol9 Annex 9 "SCM Vol 9 Annex 9" should 1844 Prince of Wales Island, Singapore read "SCM Vol2 Annex 9". and Malacca) to Belcher (Captain of SCM Para 5-31 ftn 191, H.M.S Samarang) agreeing to his 5-37 recommendation.

3 October Letter from Butterworth (Governor of MR para 115, 149 SCM Vol2 Annex 10 1844 Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca) to Captain C.E Faber SCM Para 5-32, 5-33 (Superintending Engineer). (This forwarded Belcher's letter of 1 October 1844, and provided background to the building of the lighthouse.) Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

30 October Letter from Governor Butterworth MRpara115,119,121, MRVol2Annex9 1844 (Governor of Prince of Wales Island, 124, 128 Singapore and Malacca) to Purvis & Co. (Stated 'moving the Supreme SCM Para 5-36 Government of India on the subject of a Light House in the vicinity of PBP'.)

31 October Letter from John Purvis & Co. to MM para 130 MM Vol3 Annex 42 Typo error of the word 1844 Butterworth (Govenor of the Prince "Govenor" as it should read of Wales Island, Singapore and MR para 1 19,122 "Governor". Malacca). (Indicated that the subscriptions were paid to the SCM para 5.34-5.36, 5.44 Government.) Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NotelBernarks

20 Letter from Thomson (Government MR para 167 MM Vol3 Annex 43 Typo error of the word November Surveyor, Singapore) to Butterworth "Govenor" as it should read 1844 (Govenor of the Prince of Wales SM para 5.37, 5.41, 5.72, SM Vol 2 Annex 12 "Governor". Island, Singapore and Malacca). (A 5.74, 5.76 report in response to Governor Butteworth's instruction to examine SCM para 5-38, 5-43, Peak Rock and to provide estimates 5.47, 5-79 on the cost to build a lighthouse. A reference to an Agreement signed SR para 3.15, 3.21, 3.74 by a Chinese contractor for the construction of a lighthouse was made. No mention was made of PBP at all.) Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

25 Letter from Sultan Allie of Johore to MM para 120, 121 November Butterworth (Govenor of the Prince 1844 of Wales Island, Singapore and MCM para 2, 38, 102, Malacca). (Permission given by 135-138, 140, 141, 160, Johor to build the lighthouse 183 included PBP.) MR para 30, 31, 33, 110, 112, 113, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 148, 151, 178

SCM para 1.14(b), 5.39, 5.42, 5.43, 5.45, 5.49, 5.58, 5.84, 5.96, 7.12 1 SR para 3.8, 3.1 2 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC Note/Remarks

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25 Letter from Temenggong of Johore, MM para 120, 122 MM Vol3 Annex 45 November to Butterworth (Govenor of the 1844 Prince of Wales Island, Singapore MCM Para 2, 38, 70, Io21 and Malacca). (Permission given by 135,136, 137, 138, 139, Johor to build the lighthouse 140, 141,160, 165, 183 included PBP.) MR para 30, 31, 33, 110, 112, 113, 123-127, 131, 132, 135-143, 146-151, 178

SCM para 1.14(b), 5.40, 5.43, 5.49, 5.58, 5.68- 5.70, 5.84, 5.96, 7.12

SR para 3.8, 3.12-3.14, 6.46 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

28 Letter from Butterworth (Governor of MM para 131, 132, 135 MM Vol3 Annex 46 MM Vol. 3 Annex 46 can also November Prince of Wales Island, Singapore (Annex 41 was be found at Tab 46 of MM 1844 and Malacca) to Curie (Secretary to MCM para 137. 138. 140 attached to this letter). . Blue Book. the Government of India). (Butterworth suggested the MR Para 30, 31, 32, 115, SM Vol2 Annex 13 "SR para 3.109(a)" should Lighthouse be built on Peak Rock of 119, 122, 123, 127, 128, read "3.1O(a)". Point Romania instead. Belcher's 138, 144, 145, 149, 154, letter to Butterworth of 1 October 164, 165, 171-1 75, 177, 1844 was attached.) 180, 181 SM para 5.20 ftn 62, 5.40, 5.41, 8.5

SCM para 5.2, 5.36, 5.37, 5.43, 5.45, 5.48 ftn 207, 5.51, 5.53, 5.62, 5.64, 5.69, 5.72, 5.74, 5.75, 5.81 -5.84, 5.99, 5.1 32

SR para 3.5(a), 3.109(a), 3.15, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21(b) Date EventIDocurnent Discussion Location AGC NoteIRernarks

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28 Extract from a despatch by MCM para 507,508 SM Vol6 Annex 93 The document can also be November Butterworth (Govenor of the Prince found at MM Vol. 3, Annex I844 of Wales Island, Singapore and SR para 7.9, 7.10 67. Malacca) to the Governor-General in Bengal. (It stated ' This rock is part Typo error of the word of the territory of Johore who with "gratiuitously" which should Tamongong have willingly read as "gratuituously." consented to cede it gratiuitously to the EIC. The words PBP have been The actual word that appear interpolated in the manuscript.) as interpolation in the extract is not "PBP" but "Pedra Branca".

31 March (British agent to the MCM para 24 1845 Sultan) and the Rajah of , reported that the cession of had already been agreed.

23 April The Superintendent of Marine in SM para 5.43 The document in support of 1845 Bengal raised the question of the the event is not annexed to preference of PBP as a site for a the pleadings. lighthouse. Date Evenff Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

22 August Letter from Governor Butterworth MM para 113 MM Vol3 Annex 47 MR para 119 also makes 1845 (Governor of Prince of Wales Island, reference to the letter cited by Singapore and Malacca) to Beadon Para 117, 134, 165, SM Val 2 Annex 14 MOFA. (Under-Secretary to the Government 177 of Bengal). (Butterworth explained that while PBP was the best possible SM para 5-211 5.43 position, it was too far from any mainland and inaccessible at certain SCM para 5.42, 5.52, time of the year.) 5.87(a)

15 October Letter from the Court of Directors of MR para 177 SM Vol2 Annex 15 the EIC to the Governor General of India in Council. (The Court of SM para 5.42, 5.60 Directors adopted the proposal to

build a lighthouse on Peak Rock and SCM para 5.539 5.87 authorised a moderate levying of light dues at Singapore and in India in order to provide the necessary

8 December Letter from Butterworth (Govenor of MR para 123 MRVol2Annex 10 the Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca) to Rear Admiral Sir Cochrane C. B. *==-==rrr~ I ,

I P

Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

10 January i. Report of a Committee of the MM para 132 MM Vol3 Annex 48 I846 Chamber of Commerce "regarding the erection of a Lighthouse on SCM para 5.76, 5.77 Romania Island".

ii. "Erection of a Light-House on Romania Island", Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce.

(Commander of H. C. Steamer Hooghly) to Church (Resident Councillor of Singapore).

MR Vol2 Annex 12 Councillor of Singapore) to the Governor of the Straits Settlement.

MM Vol3 Annex 49

1

t 39

t Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

22 January Letter from the remaning members MCM para 97 ftn 141 MCMVol3Annex14 Typo error of the word 1846 of a Committee of Merchants, "remaning" which should read formed in 1837, to the Secretary of SR Para 3-55, 3-56, 3-57 as "remaining". the Chamber of Commerce in Singapore. (Donation of funds for I the building of the lighthouse on the proviso that it was called 'The .)

I ' I 11 18 April Letter from N.B. Hamilton (Secretary MM para 114 ftn 98 MM Vol3 Annex 50 to the Admiralty) to the Secretary to the EIC. (The British Admiralty MR para 119,254 expressed its preferpnce for PBP as SCM para the best place for the lighthouse 5.87(c) 1 from a navigational point of view.)

Letter from the Secretary to the MR para 119 MM Vol3 Annex 50 I May 1846 Court of Directors of the EIC to Butterworth (Govenor of Prince of SCM para 5.87(d) 1 Wales Island, Singapore and I Malacca). II

I 40 prrRElI

Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

5 September Straits Times published MM para 62 MM Vol3 Annex 52 MM Vol. 3 Annex 52 can also "Presentation of a Sword to H.H. the be found at Tab 52 of MM Tomongong Sree Maharajah of Johore". (Butterworth presented a sword to the Temenggong of Johor as "a testimony of the high estimation" of the Government of India for his services in the suppression of piracy".)

MCM Vol3 Annex 16

rn Seas be directed to take for obtaining formal ossession of Labuan.) EventfDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

30 Internal Minute of Butterworth MR para 119 MM Vol3 Annex 53 The caption to MM Vol 3 September (Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Annex 53 is inaccurate as the 1846 Singapore and Malacca). document is not an internal minute but a cover note by Govt. of India to Butterworth's letter which approved Pedra Branca as the site. Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

3 October The Government of India and the MM para 114, 136 MM Vol3 Annex 54 MM Vol 3 Annex 55 is not 1846 Court of Directors of the EIC (Letter from Internal Minute of Butteworth approved the building of Horsburgh MR Para 29, 30, 110, 119, Government of lndia) but a Letter from lndia to Lighthouse on PBP. The following 152, 175-178, 182, 188(e) 55 (Internal minute) Governor of Prince of Wales are relevant: Island, Singapore and SM para 5.23, 5.44 SM Vol2 Annex 17 Malacca. Letter from the Government of (Letter from Bushby) India. SCM para 5.56, 5.86, 5-87(9) Letter from Bushby (Secretary to the Government of Bengal) to Butterworth (Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca).

Internal Minute of Butteworth (Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca) Minute No. 14.

18 Treaty of Friendship between Britain MCM para 23-26, 78, 79 MCM Vol 3 Annex 17 December and the Sultan of Borneo. (The 1846 Sultan of Borneo ceded the Island of SR para 2-12 Labuan to Great Britain.) SR para 2.3 (b) Date 1 Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

25January Letter from British Foreign Office to SR para 2.16-2.18 SR Vol2 Annex 4 / 1847 Brooke (British agent to the Sultan). (Instructions regarding the negotiations of the 1847 Treaty.)

24 February Letter from the Court of Directors of SM para 5.23, 5.44, 5.47, SM Vol2 Annex 18 1847 the EIC to the Governor General of 5.64 lndia in Council. (The EIC agreed to the change of site of the Horsburgh SCM para 5.56, 5.87(h) Lighthouse from Peak Rock to PBP.)

24 April Letter from Busby (Secretary to the MCM para 99 SM Vol2 Annex 19 The word "Busby" should 1847 Government of lndia) to Halliday, read as "Bushby". (Secretary to Government of SM para 5.48, 5.50 Bengal). (Confirmed the Court of Director's approval of the choice of PBP over Peak Rock.) Date Discussion Location

10 May 1847 Letter from Beadon (Under MCM para 98 MCM Vol3 Annex 20 Secretary to the Government of Bengal) to Governor Butterworth MR para 29 ftn 74, 119, SM Vol2 Annex 20 (Governor of the Prince of Wales 172,173 Island, Singapore and Malacca). (Butterworth was instructed to begin SM para 5.44, 5.48, work on the Horsburgh Lighthouse 5.50(a) on PBP. It also stated that the EIC was opposed to providing further funds. It referred to the letter from the Secretary to Government of India to the Secretary of the Government of Bengal dated 24 April 1847.)

27 May 1847 Treaty for Friendship and Commerce MCM paras 24,25, MCM Vol3 Annex 21 between the Sultan of Borneo and Great Britain, which was to SR para 2.3, 2.12, 2.1 5 encourage trade and put an end to piracy. This was further to the Treaty of 18 December 1846 where the Sultan of Borneo ceded the Island of Labuan to Britain. Date Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

21 June Church (Resident Councillor at SM para 5.24, 5.76, 5.92 SM Vol4 Annex 61 1847 Singapore), instructed Thomson (Thomson's Account, p (Government Surveyor, Singapore) SCM para 5.57 390.) to submit plans and estimates for the construction of the Horsburgh Lighthouse.

30 June Letter from James Brooke to Vicount SR para 2.1 7 ftn 27 SR Annex 5 1847 Palmerston on the 10 geographical limit. I

I I

I I I

I Date Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

9 July 1847 Letter from Thomson (Government MR para 167 ftn 268 SM Vol2 Annex 21 Surveyor, Singapore) in reply to Church's letter of 21 June 1847. SM para 5.24, 5.48, 5.72, (Contained a description of PBP and 5.76, 5.92, 5.1 12 some preliminary plans and estimates as well as three SCM para 5.57, 5.87(i), references to the gunboats which 5.135 assisted with the movement of building materials and provided SR para 3.74, 3.130 protection against pirates.)

29 Letter from the Government of SM para 5.50 SM Vol2 Annex 23 September Bengal to the Court of Directors of 1847 the EIC on the preparations for the building of the lighthouse.

-

1 October Letter from Butterworth (Govenor of SM para 5.25, 5.67, 5.95 SM Vol2 Annex 24 Typo error of the word 1847 the Prince of Wales Island, "Govenor" as it should read Singapore and Malacca) to Beadon SR para 3.72 "Governor". (Under-Secretary to the Government of Bengal). (Butterworth approved the erection of the brick pillars of the lighthouse under the instruction and supervision of Thomson.) Date Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1 November The first visit of Thomson MCM para 106 MM Vol3 Annex 43 1847 (Government Surveyor, Singapore) para 2, p. 2 (Report by to PBP (Thomson placed seven MR para 192 Thomson to brick pillars on different parts of its Butteworth - 20 Nov surface as a test). SM para 5.25, 5.49, 5.67, 1847) 5.93, 5.95 SM Vol4 Annex 61 (Thomson's Account p 390)

SM Vol2 Annex 25 (Letter from Thomson to Church)

1 March Thomson (Government Surveyor, SM para 549,567, 5.94 SM Vol4 Annex 61 1848 Singapore) returned to PBP to find (Thomson's Account p that all the brick pillars erected on SCM para 5.1 12 390-1) the north side had been swept away.

8 March Letter from Thomson (Govenor SR para 3.72 SR Vol2 Annex 7 Typo error of the word 1848 Surveyor, Singapore) to Church "Govenor" as it should read (Resident Councillor at Singapore). "Governor". Date Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

20 May 1848 Letter from Thomson (Government SM para 5.72 SM Vol2 Annex 26 Surveyor, Singapore) to Church (Resident Councillor of Singapore). SR para 3.74(c) (On the consecutive plans and financial estimates relating to the construction of Horsburgh Lighthouse as well as the provision for the Government steamer and gunboats.)

12 June Letter from Butteworth (Govenor of MR para 152, 179-182 SM Vol2 Annex 27 Typo error of the word 1848 the Prince of Wales Island, "Govenor" as it should read Singapore and Malacca) to Seton SM para 5.48 ftn 84, 5.72, "Governor". Karr (Under Secretary to the 5.76, 5.94 Government of Bengal). (On the consecutive plans and financial SR para 3.69, 3.70-3.72, estimates relating to the construction 3.74 of the Horsburgh Lighthouse as well as the provision for the Government steamer and gunboats.) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1 March Letter from Butteworth (Govenor of SM para 5.76 SM Vol2 Annex 29 1849 the Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca) to The Chairman (Chamber of Commerce at Singapore). (The report revised estimates prepared by Thomson.)

3 March Letter from the Govenor General of MR para 181 ftn 282 MR Vol2Annex 13 1849 India in Council to the Court of Directors of the EIC. (Detailed SM para 5.72, 5.76 SM Vol2 Annex 30 questions from the Governor General of lndia in Council to the SR para 3.74 Court of Directors of the EIC on the costs and estimates relating to the construction of the Horsburgh Lighthouse as proposed by Thomson.)

19 April Letter from Seton Karr (Under MR para 181 ftn 282 MR Vol2 Annex 14 1849 Secretary to the Government of Bengal) to Butterworth (Govenor of the Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca).

I

I Date EventlDocument Discussion Location

5 September I Letter from the Court of Directors of MR para 18lftn 282 SM Vol3 Annex 31 the EIC to the Governor General of lndia in Council. (The Court of SM para 5.26-5.28, 5.45, Directors directed that a duty be 5.51, 5.64 ftn 109 levied on ships as the lighthouse was illuminated.) SR para 3.60 ftn 139

27 October Letter from Grey (Under Secretary to SM para 5.28, 5.51 1849 the Government of lndia) to Seton Karr (Under Secretary of the Government of Bengal). (Transmitted a copy of the 5 September 1849 letter.)

Letter from Seton Karr (Under SM para 5.28, 5.45, 5.52 Secretary of the Government of Bengal) to Governor Butteworth (Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca). (Forwarded the letter from Under Secretary to the Government of india dated 27 October 1849 and enclosured the letter of 5 September 1849 from the Court of Directors.) Date EventlDocurnent Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

12 Letter from Butterworth (Govenor of MR para 181 MR Vol2 Annex 15 Typo error of the word December the Prince of Wales Island, "Govenor" as it should read 1849 Singapore and Malacca) to Church "Governor". (Resident Councillor of Singapore). (Communicated the decision of the Court of Directors to commence construction.)

14 Thomson (Government Surveyor, SM para 5.52, 5.54 SM Vol4 Annex 61 December Singapore) learnt from Church (Thomson's Account p 1849 (Resident Councillor of Singapore) 402) that the Court of Directors had approved his plans for the construction of the lighthouse and Church instructed Thomson accordingly. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

20 Letter from Thomson (Government MCM para 108 SM Vol3 Annex 34 December Surveyor, Singapore) to Church 1849 (Resident Councillor of Singapore). SM Para 5.72-5-74, 5-77; (It provided a detailed account of the arrangements and finalised the issue SR para 3-74 of costs relating to the construction of the Horsburgh Lighthouse as well as the assignment of two gunboats.)

24 Letter from Butterworth (Govenor of SM para 5.70, 5.72 SM Vol3 ~nnex35 Typo error of the word December the Prince of Wales Island, "Govenor" as it should read 1849 Singapore and Malacca) to Church SR para 3.74 "Governor". (the Resident Councilors of Singapore). (Butterworth ensured the availability of the gunboats for conveying supplies to PBP.)

26 Letter from Thomson (Government SM para 5.53, 5.78(a) SM Vol3 Annex 36 December Surveyor, Singapore) to Church 1849 (Resident Councillor of Singapore). (Proposed employment of the engineer for Horsburgh Lighthouse and details regarding the lighting apparatus.) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

27 Letter from Butterworth (Govenor of SM para 5.78 SM Vol3 Annex 37 Typo error of the word December the Prince of Wales Island, "Govenor" as it should read 1849 Singapore and Malacca) to the Court "Governor". of Directors of the EIC. (Related to the provision of the necessary advances to the engineer for the preparation of the cupola and light by the Government of India.)

29 Letter from Butterworth (Govenor of SM para 5.72 SM Vol3 Annex 38 December the Prince of Wales Island, 1849 Singapore and Malacca) to Church SR 3-74 (Resident Councillor of Singapore). (On the consecutive plans and financial estimates relating to the construction of Horsburgh Lighthouse as well as the provision for the Government steamer and gunboats.) Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

13 February Letter from Butterworth (Governor of SM para 5.46 ftn 81, 5.55 SM Vol 3 Annex 39 1850 Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca) to Seton Karr (Under SR para 3.54 Secretary to the Government of Bengal). (Butterworth reported on the arrangements which had been put in place in response to the instructions received on 18 November 1849.The lighthouse was 'to be called after the celebrated Hydrographer James Horsburgh Esq. ')

22 February Letter from Buttelworth (Govenor of SM para 5.72 SM Vol3 Annex 40 Typo error of the word 1850 the Prince of Wales Island, "Govenor" as it should read Singapore and Malacca) to Church SR para 3-74 "Governor". (Resident Councillor of Singapore). (On the consecutive plans and financial estimates relating to the construction of Horsburgh Lighthouse as well as the provision for the Government steamer and gunboats.) Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

6 March Thomson (Government Surveyor, SM para 5.55, 5.67, 5.96; SM Vol4 Annex 61 1850 Singapore) visited PBP to inspect (Thomson's Account p the island prior to commencing 404-405) operations (preparations were completed by the end of March).

19 March Letter from Bayley (Under Secretary SM para 5.55, 5.78 SM Vol3 Annex 41 1850 to the Government of Bengal) to Butterworth (Govenor of the Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca). (Related to the provision of the necessary advances to the engineer for the preparation of the cupola and light by the Government of India. The Government of Bengal acknowledged receipt of letter dated 13 February 1850 from Butterworth.)

28 March - 1 Bennett, the foreman (acting SM para 5.67 SM Vol4 Annex 61 April 1850 underThomson's orders) visited PBP (Thomson's Account p with the gunboat Charlotte. 406-409) Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

30 March Letter from Lettler (Marine Branch of SM para 5.55 SM Vol3 Annex 42 the Bengal Government) to the Court of Directors of the EIC. (Formal approval had been given for the preliminary arrangements reported by Butteworth.)

Thomson (Government Surveyor, SM Vol4 Annex 61 Singapore) visited the rock in the Hooghly, with two lighters in tow. Materials were landed.

SM Vol3 Annex 43 Typo error of the word the Prince of Wales Island, "Govenor" as it should read Singapore and Malacca) to the "Governor" and the word Resident Councillorat Malacca. "Councillorat" should read "Councillor atJ'. Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

11-12 April The steamer Hooghly, the lighters SM para 5.67 The reference to the event 1850 and the gunboat arrived off PBP may also be found at SM Vol. early in the morning and materials 4, Annex 61 (Thomson's were landed for the temporary Account pp. 41 6-423). dwellings, together with water supplies. On the morning of 12 April, all the workmen had landed.

19 April Letter from Butterworth (Govenor of SM para 5.70, 5.72 SM Vol3 Annex 44 Typo error of the word 1850 the Prince of Wales Island, "Govenor" as it should read Singapore and Malacca) to the SR para 3.74 "Governor". Resident at Malacca. (Ensured the availability of the gunboats for conveying supplies to PBP.)

22 April Commencement of the cutting of the SM para 5.55, 5.66 SM Vol4 Annex 61 1850 foundations for the platform and (Thomson's Account outside vault. 41 6-423) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

23 April Letter from Butterworth (Govenor of SCM para 5.1 14 MM Vol3 Annex 56 Typo error of the word 1850 the Prince of Wales Island, "Govenor" as it should read Singapore and Malacca) to "Governor". Davidson (Worshipful Master of the Lodge "Zetland in the East"). The discussion relating to the (Requested Davidson to lay the event may also be found at foundation stone at PBP.) MM para 152.

28 April Thomson (Government Surveyor, SM para 5.79 SM Vol4 Annex 61 1850 Singapore) pacified and disciplined (Thornson's Account p Chinese workmen attempting to 421 -422) seize a departing boat to escape from PBP.

1 May 1850 The commander and crew of Nancy MCM para 110 SM Vol4 Annex 61 wished to leave the service and (Thomson's Account p return to Singapore. Thomson SM para 5.79 424) (Government Surveyor, Singapore) requested the Captain of the Hooghly to place his gunner and some of his crew in charge of the Nancy until orders from the Resident Councillor were obtained. Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

24 May 1850 Thomson (Government Surveyor, MM para 148, 152-156, Annex 60 ('Account of The word "Seaton" should Singapore) laid the first foundation read as 'Seton". stone of the lighthouse. It was a Lighthouse', (1852) 6 masonic ceremony. Journal of the Indian

Eastern Asia 375, SM para 5.15, 5.56-5.59, 5.67 SM Image 14 SM Vol4 Annex 61 (photograph of the

Butterworth to Seaton 3.121, 3.131(a), 8.14,

MM Vol3 Annex 57 The discussion which re Horsburgh Lig ht-House". to the article may be foun MM Para 152 and SM P

The document may also found at SM Vol. 3, Annex Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

28 May 1850 Report on the laying of the MCM para 66 SM Vol3 Annex 45 The discussion which refers foundation stone in to the event may also be and Singapore Journal of Commerce SM Para 5-56 ftn 98, 5-58, found at MM Vol. 3, Annex 57 referred to the lighthouse as the 5.97 and SM Vol. 4, Annex 61, 'Lighthouse of all Nations'. p.530-531. SCM para 5.106 ftn 268, 5.113, 5.116

SR para 3.31 ftn 104

31 May 1850 Report on the laying of the SM para 5.56 ftn 98, 5.97 The document in support of foundation stone in the Singapore this event is not annexed to Free Press and Mercantile the pleadings. Advertiser. Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

2 June 1850 Visit of Temenggong to PBP. MM para 148-150 SM Vol4 Annex 61 The discussion which refers Thomson (Government Surveyor, (Thomson's Account, p to the event may also be Singapore) returned to PBP and met MCM Para 128 430) found at MM Vol. 3 Annex 60. the Temenggong of Johore. MR para 34,190, 231-238

SCM para 4.51, 5.1 02- 5.106, 5.134

SR para 3.121, 3.124, 3.125

18 Letter from the Court of Directors of SM para 5.78 SM Vol3 Annex 46 September the EIC to the Marine Department of 1850 the Government of Bengal.

21 October The workmen of the lighthouse were SM para 5.67(f) SM Vol4 Annex 61 1850 withdrawn. (Thomson's Account, ~440)

27 October A landing was made by the Gunboat SM para 5.67(k) SM Vol4 Annex 61 1850 Nancy. (Thomson's Account ~441) EvenVDocument AGC NoteIRemarks

SM Vol4 Annex 61 mson's Account

I

MMVol3 Annex 58

SM Vol3 Annex 47

construction of the Horsburgh Lighthouse as well as the provision for the Government steamer and SM para 5.72, 5.80 gunboats. Also contained the SCM para 4.55,4.56

SR para 3.43; 3.74, 3.86 Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

7 November Letter from Church (Resident MM para 146-147 MM Vol3 Annex 59 The word "Govenor" should 1850 Councillor of Singapore) to read as "Governor". Butterworth (Govenor of the Prince MR Para 239-246 SM Vol3 Annex 48 of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca). (Forwarded Thomson's SM para 5-679 5.99 Report. Church doubted whether it was necessary to adopt Thomson 's SCM para 3.37, 4.55 - proposal to build an outstation near 4.57, 5.72, 5.88, 5.89, Point Romania. Church noted that 5.100 the location 'belongs to the SR para 3.5(b), 3.1O(b), Sovereign of Johore, where the 3.43, 3.80, 3.81 British possess no legal jurisdiction'.)

9 November Letter from Butterworth (Govenor of SM para 5.59, 5.80 SM Vol3 Annex 49 The word "Seaton" should 1850 the Prince of Wales Island, read as "Seton". Singapore and Malacca) to the SR para 3.43, 3.86, 3.87 Seaton Karr (Under Secretary to the Government of Bengal). (Regarded the laying of the first stone of the lighthouse. Approved the construction of a rain channel as proposed by Thomson in his letter to Church, dated 2 November 1850.) Date EvenUDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

11 Thomson (Government Surveyor, SM para 5.67 SM Vol4 Annex 61 November Singapore) visited PBP on Charlotte. (Thomson's Account, 1850 ~441)

27 Letter from Visscher (Dutch General SR para 2.41-2.43, 2.45, SR Vol 2 Annex 8 November Secretary, in Batavia) to the Dutch 8.1 3-8.1 5, 8.36(a) 1850 Resident in Riau. (Described PBP as "British territory".)

9 January Thomson (Government Surveyor, SM para 5.67(p) SM Vol4 Annex 61 1851 Singapore) visited PBP on the (Thomson's Account Charlotte but failed to land. ~442)

28 January Thomson (Government Surveyor, SM para 5.67(q) SM Vol4 Annex 61 1851 Singapore) made another failed (Thomson's Account attempt to land. ~442) Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NotelRemarks

Thomson (Government Surveyor, SM para 5.67(r) SM Vol4 Annex 61 Singapore) made a landing and the (Thomson's Account Charlotte lay at anchor off the rock for two days. A shed was completed for the workmen for the coming season and the state of the rock was

SM Vol4 Annex 61 PBP on the Gunboat Nancy in order (Thomson's Account to land workmen and materials.

SM para 5.66, 5.67(t), SM Vol4 Annex 61 Singapore) went on board the (Thomson's Account Charlotte and landed convict labor, water and materials on PBP.

SM Vol4 Annex 61 The term "Government Date Event/Docurnent Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

20 July 1851 Letter from Thomson (Government MCM para 132 SM Vol3 Annex 54 Surveyor, Singapore) to Church (Ensign shown: (Resident Councillor of Singapore). MR Para 237 Images 2, 15, 17-20) (Regarded the flying of the marine ensign and also the original staffing SM para 5.89, 6.34ftn 228, plans for Horsburgh Lighthouse.) 6-42, 6.47 SR para 3.88

23 Report on the upcoming completion SM para 5.98 SM Vol3 Annex 56 September of the lighthouse and the visit of 1851 Butterworth (Govenor of the Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca) on 27 September 1851 in the Straits Times.

24 Notice to Mariners on the MCM para 68,126,337, SM Vol3 Annex 56 The word "Govenor" should September commissioning of the Horsburgh 366 read as "Governor". 1851 Lighthouse signed by Butterworth (Govenor of the Prince of Wales SM para 5.1 5, 5.87, 5.88, Island, Singapore and Malacca) and 6.3, 6.4 publicised in the Singapore newspapers. SR para 3.35, 3.36, 4.104 Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

27 The completion of Horsburgh SM para 5.2, 5.15, 5.83, SM Vol 3 Annex 56 September Lighthouse. Official visit by Governor 5.98, 5.1 12 (extracts of relevant 1851 Butterworth with Sir William Jeffcot reports in (Recorder of the Straits Settlements) SCM Para 5.93, 5.135 (a), newspapers). Colonel Messiter, Capt. Barker of 136(d) the HMS Amazon, Mr. Purvis and SM Vol4 Annex 61 several military officers and SR para 3.130(a), (Thomson's Account p Singapore merchants. 3.131 (d) 453-545)

30 Report on the lighthouse and the SM para 5.98 SM Vol3Annex 56 September visit of the Governor of the Straits 1851 Settlements on 27 September 1851. Publication of the Notice to Mariners in The Straits Times.

SM Vol3 Annex 56 in Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser.

SM Vol3 Annex 56 in Singapore Journal of Commerce. Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

15 October Inauguration of Horsburgh MM para 19, 153, The discussion relating to the 1851 Lighthouse. Commencement of the event may be found at SM light on Horsburgh Lighthouse to be MCM Para 98 Vol. 3, Annex 56 and SM Vol. exhibited nightly. 4, Annex 61 (Thomson MR para 194 Account pp. 453-454)). SM para 5.83, 5.87, 6.3

1 November The lighthouse was used as a MCM para 132, 375-377, SM Vol4 Annex 61 The discussion relating to the 1851 - July meteorological station. 41 3 (Thomson's Account) event may also be found at 1852 SM Vol. 3, Annex 54. SM para 6.42-6.46

SCM para 6.39

SR para 4.1 16, 6.39 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

30 January Act No. VI, 1852 (India) -An Act for MM para 169, 222 MM Vol3 Annex 84 The reference to "SCM 6.39" 1852 defraying the Cost of a Light-House should read as "SCM 6.38". on PBP. (This act vested the MCM para 67, 86, 301, SM Vol3 Annex 59 Horsburgh Lighthouse in the EIC 306,307,343,347,348 and vested its management and control in the Governor of the Straits MR para 72, 209, 264 Settlements.) SM para 6.1 1 - 6.22

SCM para 6.39

SR para 3.34; 4.88-4.91, 4.93-4.95, 6.20, 6.21

14 August Text of the official report prepared by SM para 2.7, 5.16 MM Vol3 Annex 60 1852 Thomson (Government Surveyor, (Extract), 6 1 (Extract) Singapore) in his role of the Government Surveyor at Singapore SM Annex 61 after completion of the Horsburgh Lighthouse. The Account of the Horsburgh Light-house was published in the Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

25 May 1843 ArticleintheSingaporeFreePress MMpara95 MM Vol3 Annex 40 stating that PBP was within the territory of the Sultan of Johore. SCM para 4.38-4.39

9 March Letter from Butterworth (Govenor of MR para 227 MR Vol2 Annex 16 The word "Govenor" should 1854 the Prince of Wales Island, read as "Governor". Singapore and Malacca) to the Worshipful Master of the Lodge Zetland in the East requesting him to perform a ceremony on . Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

7 April 1854 Indian Act No. XIII. The Government MM para 222 MMVol3 Annex 85 of India repealed Act No. VI of 1852. (It defrayed the costs of the MCM para 66,67,301, SM Vol5 Annex 62 lighthouse and its maintenance. 302, 307-310, 318, 320, Defined Straits' Lights as Horsburgh 343, 344,347-349 Lighthouse and the Floating Light at Fathom Bank. It also provided that SM para 6.20 - 6.22 the lighthouse and all it appurtances SCM para 6.38 ftn 342 on PBP would continue to be vested in the EIC. The Act also provided SR para 4.97, 6.20, 6.21, only for the management and control 6.22 of the floating light at 2 % Fathom Bank to be vested in the Governor of the Straits Settlements.)

12 August Letter from Buttenworth (Govenor of MR para 228 MR Vol2 Annex 17 The word "Govenor" should 1854 the Prince of Wales Island, read as "Governor". Singapore and Malacca) to the Worshipful Master of the Lodge Zetland in the East. (Letter sent after the laying of the foundation stone of .) Date Evenff Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

10 March Treaty of Friendship and Alliance MM para 63 MM Vol2 Annex 7 1855 between His Highness Sultan Ali lskander Shah bin Sultan Hussain MR Para 19 Appendix I Mohamed Shah and His Highness para C.14 Datu Tumungong Daing lbrahim bin Abdul Rahman Sri Maharajah". (Full SCM para 3-38-3-39, transfer of authority over the whole Appendix A para 20, of the territory to the Temenggong). 21 , 22

31 March The formal taking of possession by MM para 60, 162, 164 1857 Britain of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. (British citizens had settled MCM para 80, 92 on the islands in 1826.) MR para 267

SCM para 5.1 8-5.2 1

1858 Abolition of the EIC. (Straits MM para 59 The Act relating to the Settlements came formally under the abolition of the EIC is not Government of British India, based MCM para 300 annexed to the pleadings. in Calcutta. The Act for the Better Government of India vested the Straits Settlement in the British Crown.) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

August - Permission for the construction of MM para 119 MM Vol3 Annex 62 The word "Govenor" should November the Cape Rachado Lighthouse was (Correspondence read as "Governor". 1860 obtained through a proclamation by MCM Para 327, 328 between the Sultan of the ruler of State of Lukut Selangor and the to the English Government. (The MR para 184 Govenor of the Straits lighthouse was located on territory Settlements) that was not part of the Straits SR para 4.44, 6.21 Settlement. No legislation was MCM Vol3 Annex 23 enacted vesting property rights in (23 August 1860 - this lighthouse in Great Britain as Proclamation by Raja had been done with respect to the Juma'at) Horsburgh Lighthouse.)

20 April The first police report on certain MR para 271 MCM Vol3 Annex 24, The reference to "SCM para 1861 conflicts between Chinese at p.016 461" should read as "SCM Fishermen in Singapore and Malay SMC Para 461-4-62 para 4.61 ". fishermen in Johor in Punjurin. SR para 3.82, Appendix B- para 4, 7, 8, 9, 17 (references to 29 April. ) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NotelRemarks

1 May 1861 The second police report on certain SMC para 461-4.62 MCM Vol3 Annex 24 The reference to "SCM para conflicts between Chinese at p. 017 461" should read as "SCM Fishermen in Singapore and Malay SR Appendix B Para 4 para 4.61 ". fishermen in Johor in Punjurin. The discussion relating to the event may also be foundat SCM Vol. 2, Annex 19.

2 May 1861 Letter from Macpherson (Resident MCM para 113 ftn 169, MCM Vol3 Annex 24 The word "Map" should read Councillor at Singapore) to 114, 115, 118 at p.015 as "May". Protheroe (Officiating Secretary to the Governor). (Described the SR Appendix B, para 5 The discussion relating to the incidents of the Chinese fishermen event may also be foundat that took place on 20 April and 1 SCM Vol. 2, Annex 19. Map 1861.)

May 1861 Memorial signed by 41 Chinese SCM para 4.61 MCM Vol3 Annex 24, fishermen residing in Singapore. The p 017-018 version of events given in the SR Appendix B; para 7-9, memorial differs from that given in 17 SCM Vol Annex 19 the police reports. Date EventlDocurnent Discussion Location AGC NoteIRernarks

4, 17,18 May Exchange of letters between MCM para 118 -1 20 MCM Vol3 Annex 24, 1861 Governor Cavenagh and the p 01 7-020 Temenggong regarding fishing MR para 269-277 passes. (generally), 275 SCM Vol2 Annex 19 SR para 3.82, Appendix B para 6, 9, 15, 16, 20;

15 May 1861 Letter from Cavenagh (Governor of MCM para 119, 120 SCM Vol2 Annex 19 The reference concerning the Prince of Wales Island, Singapore (iv) event may also be found at and Malacca) to the Temenggong. MR Para 274, 276 MCM Vol. 3, Annex 24, p.018. The memorial signed by the Chinese fishermen was attached. SR Appendix B para 9, 16

12 July 1861 Letter from the Temenggong to SR Appendix B para 9 SCM Vol2 Annex 19 The word "Govenor" should Cavenagh (Govenor of the Prince of (vii i) read as "Governor". Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca). (The Temenggong had The reference concerning the held an inquiry and statements were event may also be found at taken from the various Chinese and MCM Vol. 3, Annex 24, Malay fishermen involved. The p.026-027. fishermen testimonies were essentially in line with the version of events in the police reports.) Date EvenUDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

16 July 1861 Letter from Cavenagh (Govenor of SR Appendix B para 10 SCM Vol2 Annex 19 The word "Govenor" should the Prince of Wales Island, (i)o read as "Governor". Singapore and Malacca) to Temenggong. (Reference was made to the Crawfurd Treaty and the extent of British jurisdiction.)

17 July 1861 Letter from Cavenagh (Governor of MCM para 116 MCM Vol3 Annex 24 Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca) to the Government of SCM Para 4-16 SCM Vol2 Annex 19 India Foreign Department. (Complained that the Temenggong required fees for fishing within the ten geographic miles.)

8 August Temmenggong's response to SM para 9.32 MCM Vol3 Annex 24 p 1861 Governor Cavenag h's letter of 16 60 July 1861. (Provided that all seizures SR Appendix B; Para 1 1- were made above low water mark. 12, 17, 18 SM Vol5 Annex 63 Stated that Johor's waters only extend 'as far as by the law and custom of nations'). Date EvenUDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1862 Temenggong Daing lbrahim passed MR 50, para 80, Appendix away and his son, Abu Bakar took II para 28 over. SCM Appendix A para 23

1862 - 1885 Abu Bakar was Temenggong of MM para 63 Johor.

9 January Letter from the Government of MCM para 118, 121 MCM Vol3 Annex 24 1862 Bengal to the Secretary of State for India. (Analysed Jahor's requirement for people living in Singapore to obtain a pass to fish. Concluded that the Temenggong was not able to do this for persons who fished within British limits.)

17 June Johore-Pahang, First Boundary and MM para 86 MM Vol2 Annex 8 1862 Friendship Treaty, SCM para 4.31 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

19 Treaty between the Governor of MM para 62 MM Vol2 Annex 9 December Prince of Wales Island, Singapore 1862 and Malacca and H.H. Datoh Tumungong Aboobakar, Sri Maharajah, Sovereign Ruler of Johore, concerning the Tumungong's Property in the Island of Singapore (Note: British addressed the Temenggong of Johor as the 'Sovereign Ruler of Johore'.) Date EvenUDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1866- 1867 By Acts of 1866 (An Act to Provide MM para 59, 189 SM Vol5 Annex 67 the Government of the Straits Settlements) and 1867 (An Act to VlCM Para 302 Provide for the Execution of certain Powers by the Governor in Council SM para 3-7 and Officers lawfully acting as Lieutenant-Governors in the Straits Settlements) the Straits Settlements ceased to form a part of the British possessions in India under the Government of the Governor- General in Council. Their government was vested, with effect from 1 April 1867, in the Governor in Council of the Straits Settlements. (An Act to provide for the Execution of certain Powers by the Governor in Council and Officers lawfully acting as Lieutenant-Governors in the Straits Settlements.) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1 September The Ord Award. (An arbitral award MM para 87, 88, Insert 12 MM Vol3 Annex 86 1868 made by Governor Ord of the Straits or Map Atlas Map 10, 91- Settlement to resolve a dispute 93, 96, 103(e) SCM Map 9 between the States of Johor and Pahang over territories lying far to MR Para 21, 62, 96, fig. 3 the north of PBP Award made by Governor Sir H. St George Ord, SCM para 4.29-4.33, under the provisions of the Treaty Insert6, 4.36(c) between Pahang and Johore, of 17 June 1862.) SR para 9.10(b)

5 April 1883 Government Gazette No. 21. (An MCM para 354 SM Vol5 Annex 70 official Government notification was published in the Straits Settlements SM Para 6.28 Government Gazette inviting tenders for strengthening the jetty on PBP and constructing a small landing stage.) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

6 July 1883 Paper laid before the Legislative MCM para 320 MCM Vol3 Annex 25 Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor which identified 8 lights in the Straits lights. (Horsburgh lighthouse, Raffles Lighthouse, Malacca Light, Cape Rachado Lighthouse, Singapore Light, the Screw Pile Lighthouse, Pulau Undan Lighthouse, and the Formosa Light Vessel.)

1885 - 1895 Abu Bakar was Sultan of Johor. MM para 63

MR para 96

188511886 Permission sought for the MM para 233,235,240 construction of a lighthouse at . Sultan Abu Bakar authorised WlCM Para 304, 394 the British to build . (See Indenture of 6 MR para 186,322 October 1900) SCM para 6.64

SR para 6.21 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

11 Agreement on Certain Points MM para 64 MM Vol2 Annex 10 December Touching the Relations of Her 1885 Majesty's Government of the Straits MCM Para 38 Settlements with the Government of the Independent State of Johore, MR para 96 London. (Reference made to the 'Independent State of Johor'.) (Johor SCM Appendix A para 25 Treaty of 1885).

Amended on 12 May 1914 - reference made to 'the State and territory of Johore'.

1 February Letters Patent appointed the MM para 60, 162 The document cited in 1886 Governor of the Straits Settlements support of MM para 60 is not to be Governor of the Cocos MCM para 92 annexed to the pleadings. (Keeling) Islands and authorized the transfer of those Islands to the MR para 266,267,268 Colony of the Straits Settlements. SCM para 5.19-5.21 Date EvenVDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

20 March Letter from Sultan of Johor to the Rt. MM para 90, 91, Insert 13 MM Vol 3 Annex 63 1886 Honourable Earl Granville (Principal Secretary of State to the Colonies). MR Paras 103-106 (Provided a description of the Islands belonging to Johor. The SCM para 4.34-4.37 British Government was requested to keep a Register of his islands in view of the possibility of other Powers bringing any of his islands into their .)

20 March The Sultan's Secretary, Abdul MM para 91 The discussion relating to the 1886 Rahman, submitted a Memorandum event cited may also be found to the Colonial Office under the title at MM Vol3 Annex 63. "Charts of the Islands belonging to Johore".

1887 The Sultan of Johor presented the SR para 9.10, 9.18, SCM Map Atlas, Map Note that there is a typo error Government of South the (Appendix B para 19) No. 9 at ftn 665 of SR para 9.10. Map of the Territories and This footnote refers to Map 8 Dependencies of Johor. of SCM when the correct Map is Map 9 of SCM. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

29 June New lighting equipment was MCM para 354 SM Vol5 Annex 72 Typo error of the word 1887 installed by the on "Publisied". PBP. Publisied by a Notice to SM para 6.29 Mariners. SR para 4.1 11

2 September Issuance of a further Notice to MCM para 354, 366-371 SM Vol5 Annex 73 1887 Mariners which among others (generally), publicised the installation of new lighting equipment on the lighthouse SM Para 6-29 in 1887. This equipment was upgraded in 1966. SR para 4.104

1893 The number of lights in the Straits MCM 321 MCM Vol3 Annex 29 The exact date of MCM Vol 3 Lights had increased to 12. Annex 29 is 19 September 1893.

I894 Mighell v Sultan of Jahore [I8941 1 MM para 66 The word "Jahore" should QB 149. (The Sultan exercises read as "Johore". without question the usual attributes of a sovereign ruler.) Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

14 The Constitution of Johore was MM para 65 MM Vol3 Annex 88 September created. 1895 MR para 106 SCM Annex 23 SCM Appendix A para 26

1896 Establishment of the Federated MM para 67 See E.Thio, "British Malay States. Policy Towards Johore, from Advice to control " (1967) 40 Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 7, p 35.

14 The again raised MM para 93 MM Annex 87 December the question of sovereignty over 1896 Pulau Aur. (The matter was settled in 1898 by a Boundary Commission which reconfirmed the delimitation of islands between Pahang and Johore fixed by the Ord Award, thus placing Pulau Aur firmly within Johor.) Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

18 February Report of the Johor Boundary MM para 93, 103 (e) MM Vol3 Annex 87 1898 Commission - confirmed the delimitation fixed by the Ord Award. SCM Para 4-33, Insert 7

8 January A Letter of Patent appointed the MCM para 92 The document in support 1900 Governor of the Straits Settlements cited in the para is not as Governor of Island. annexed to the pleadings.

23 May 1900 Proclamation annexing Christmas MM para 163 The document in support Island to the Colony of the Straits cited in the para is not Settlement on 10 June 1900. MR para 266 annexed to the pleadings.

3 August was incorporated MM para 60,163 The document in support 1900 for administrative purposes as part cited in the para is not of the Settlement of Singapore. annexed to the pleadings. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

6 October Lighthouse at Pulau Pisang. The MM para 119,233 MM Vol3 Annex 89 1900 specific permission of the Sultan of Johor was obtained and a written MCM para 304 Indenture signed between the Sultan of Johor and the Government of the MR para 184-186, 322 Colony of the Straits Settlements for the construction of a lighthouse at SM para 8.7, 8.8 Pulau Pisang. The light house on SCM para 6.G4 Pulau Pisang was initially proposed in 1885. SR para 4.44, 4.131

13 June Government Gazette No. 767. MCM para 354 SM Vol5 Annex 74 1902 (Government notification in the Straits Settlements Government SM para 6.28 Gazette inviting tenders for new girders, tension rods and roof of davits of the pier on PBP.)

8 July 1902 Government Gazette No. 867. MCM para 354 SM Vol5 Annex 75 (Government notification in the Straits Settlements Government SM para 6.28 Gazette inviting tenders for new girders on PBP.) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

23 October Order in Council (Straits Settlement). SM para 6.22 SM Vol5 Annex 76 1907 (Modified the tolls that were assessed on ships passing through.)

1910 The Light Tolls Act Amendment MCM para 308 MCM Vol3 Annex 30 Ordinance repealed and replaced (Attorney General's section 18 of the 1854 Act Statement regarding concerning exemptions from light- the Bill) tolls.

1912 The number of lights in the Straits MCM para 298, 322 MCM Vol3 Annex Lights had increased to 13. 29,33

23 The Light-Houses Ordinance No. MM para 223 -226 MM Vol3 Annex 90 December XVll of 1912 (Singapore). (Repealed 1912 in part Indian Act No. of 1854 MCM para 309-312, 316, MCM VOI 3 Annex 30 and made new provisions for 335, 344, (Attorney General's maintenance of Lighthouses of the Statement regarding Straits of Malacca and abolished the MR para 3359 338 the Bill) levying of light tolls on vessels putting into Singapore harbour. ) SCM para 6.102 SM Vol5 Annex 77 SR para 6.22 Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

8 July 1913 Meeting of the Federal Council of MCM para 31 3, 314 MM Vol3 Annex 65 Typo of the word "Federate" the Federate Malay States. which should read as (Determed how the Federated Malay SR Para 6-23fin 508, "Federated" and "determed" States Government should 6.24, 6.24 which should read as contribute to the Straits' lighthouses, "determined". given that the Colonial Government was no longer collecting levies. It decided that making financial contributions was more desirable than taking over the maintenance and running of the lighthouses. Johor was not part of the Federate Malay States)

12 May 1914 Agreement between his Britannic MM para 64, MM Vol2 Annex 11 Majesty's Government and the State of Johore making provision for the Appointment of a British General Adviser at the Court of Johore, Singapore. (Amended the 11 December 1885 Agreement.) Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

4 September Imperial Light Dues Ordinance No. MCM para 318 MCM Vol3 Annex 34 1915 XVll of 1915 enacted by the Govenor of the Straits Settlement. (Authorized the collection of dues for Lighthouses established by Act of the Imperial Parliament. Repealed the Indian Act XI l l of 1854.)

, 9 July 1920 A collision between a British vessel MCM para 450, 457 Discussion is also contained SS Chak Sang and a Dutch vessel in SM para 6.77. SS Ban Fo Soon some Il/z miles SR para 4.161,4.162 north of PBP.

I

5 August Report of the Court of Investigation SM para 6.77 SM Vol5 Annex 78 Discussion is also contained 1920 regarding the Collision between the in MCM para 457, SR para SS Chak Sang and the SS Ban Fo 4.163. Soon. I Date / Discussion Location I AGC NotelRemarks 1

19 October Straits Settlements and Johor MM para 11, 99, 100, 190- MM Vol2 Annex 12 For SCM para 7.13, 1927 Territorial Waters Agreement. 194, 219, 220-221. Insert discussion is specifically (Delimitation of territorial wasters in 14p49and17p89,244 MM Vol2 Annex 19 contained in 7.13(c). the with the (1995 Agreement Governor of the Colony of the Straits MCM para 45,340,501, substantially confirms Also located at MM-Insert 17 Settlement. Certain areas were 546 the 1927 Agreement.) and MM Annex 68 I retroceded to Johor. ) MR para 96, 107, 109, 293,294,299, 301, 302, 330,331 -334, 349,434

SCM para 1.I 4, 6.20-6.25, 6.27, 6.28, 6.97-6.99, 7.4, 7.13, 7.14

Amendment to the Merchant MCM para 372-373 ( SM Annex 80 Shipping Ordinance. (Made provision for the conviction of SM para 6.36 employees of the lighthouse). EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

30 January Letter from Lovat (Secretary of State SMC para 6.24 SCM Vol 3 Annex 25 Typo error - discussion at for Affairs) to SCM and not SMC. Governments of Canada, Australia, , South Africa, and . (Attached the Straits Settlement and Johore Territorial Waters Agreement of 1927.)

27 April A volunteer naval force called the MCM para 537 Affidavit of Rear- 1934 "Straits Settlements Royal Naval Admiral , Volunteer Reserve" was formed. SR para 5.1 l(9 Thanabalasingam MCM vol. 2 Annex 4.

1938 The number of lights in the Straits MCM para 323 MCM Vol3 Annex 36 Lights had increased to 65.

1942-1945 Japanese occupation of the Straits SM para 3.8 Located at SM- Annex 84 Settlements together with the Malay States in the . SCM Appendix A para 28 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

15 August Proclamation No. 1 issued by the SM para 3.8 ftn 20 SM Vol5 Annex 84 1945 Supreme Allied Commander of South East Asia established the SCM Appendix A para 29 British Military Administration for Malaya. (Malaya was defined to include Singapore and Johor.)

22 Proclamation No. 11 of the Military SM para 3.8 ftn 21 SM Vol5 Annex 85 September Administration. (All rights and 1945 powers previously vested in various SCM Appendix A Para 30 authorities in the Malay States were vested in the British Military Administration.

20 October Agreement between His Majesty's SCM Appendix A para 31, SCM Vol3 Annex 28 1945 Government within the United 32,33 Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the State of Johore. (Vested in the State of Johore 'full power and jurisdiction'.) Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1946 Straits Settlements (Repeal) Act MCM para 319 Also related to the Singapore 1946. (Provision was made for the Colony Order in Council, repeal of the Straits Settlement Act 1946 discussed in MM para 1886 and the dissolution of the 193, SCM para 6.26 and Straits as a single colony.) located at MM- Annex 92

27 March The Singapore Colony Order in MM para 68, 193 MM Vol3 Annex 92 1946 Council, 1946. (Provided for the establishment of the Colony of SM Vol5 Annex 86 Singapore on 1 April 1946).

SCM para 6.26, 6.28, 6.29

MM Vol3Annex91 SCM para 1.3 as identified by 463 of 1946. (Established the MOFA is not relevant. It is not

establishment Malaysan Union but more of the being replaced by the Federation of SCM para 1.3, 6.13, 6.14 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1 April 1946 Ending of the British Military MM para 193 Located at MM-Annex 92, Administration and the dissolving of SM- Annex 86 the Straits Settlements. Singapore SM Para 3.9 was constituted as a separate colony by the Singapore Colony Order in Council of 27 March 1946.

1 April 1946 Transfer of Powers and MM para 193 MM Vol3 Annex 93 Typo error for SMC. Should Interpretation Ordinance, 1946. be SCM. (Provided a definition of the SMC para 6.27, 6.28, 6.30 'Settlement of Singapore'.)

-- -

16 Singapore began to keep a logbook SM para 6.56, 6.57, 6.59 SM Vol5 Annex 87 According to SM-Annex 87, November at Horsburgh Lighthouse to record actual date of event first 1946 visits to the island. (The logbook MCM para 406,410-41 4 recorded was 15 November covered the period of 16 Nov - 18 1946 August 1986) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1948 Singapore (Marine Section of the MCM para 354 SM Vol5 Annex 82 Under the heading Public Works Department) built Discussion, "SM para Image larger living quarters for the light SM para Image 13 (after p 13 (after p 62), 6.30(a)" keeper and crew stationed on PBP. 621, 6.30(a) should read as "SM Image 13 (after p 62), para 6.30(a)"

Also located at MCM - Annex 37 (see para 57)

21 January Agreement MM para 68, 199 MM Vol3 Annex 96 1948 1948. (Formation of the Federation of Malaya, which included Johor.) SCM Para 1-3(d), 6.15, Appendix A para 32(a), 33,34

-- --

21 January The Johore Agreement between the SCM Appendix A para 32, SCM Vol3 Annex 29 1948 United Kingdom and Sultan of 33 Johore. (Revoked the Treaty of 20 October 1945 and substituted it with a arrangement within the broader context of the Federation of Malaya.) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

2 July 1948 Letter from the Singapore Deputy SCM para 6.33 SCM Vol2 Annex 30 Location is in Vol. 3 Annex 30 Commissioner of Police to the Chief of SCM and not Vol. 2. Police Officer regarding the 1948 Curfew Order.

21 July 1948 Curfew (Johore Straits) (Singapore) MM para 194 - 197 MM Vol3Annex95 Typo error - "SCM para 6.31 Order 1948 (Designed to prevent -to 6.34" smuggling of supplies by communist MCM Para 340 insurgents and established a curfew 'within the boundary of the territorial MR para 293, 2949 2999 waters of the Island of Singapore'.) 302 SCM para 6.31 6.34

Transfer of Powers and MM para 193 MM Vol3 Annex 94 Typo error - "SMC" should read as "SCM" 18zrpretationOrdinance No.Amendment 1 1, 1948 (Federation SMC Para 6-27, 6-30 of Malaya). Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

December The Malay Section of the Royal MCM para 535 MCM Vol2 Annex 4 1948 Navy was reconstituted as the (Affidavit of Rear- Malayan Naval Force. It had been Admiral disbanded after WWII. Thanabalasingam para 12)

28 April Enactment of the Malayan Naval SR para 5.1 1(b) SR Vol2 Annex 18 1949 Force and Defence Ordinance by the Legislative Council of the . (This extended the scope of activities of the Navy to operate within or without the limits of Singapore.)

1950 Singapore (Marine Section of the MCM para 255,354,360 SM Vol5 Annex 82 p Public works Department) repaired 720 and strengthened the pier foundation SM Para 5-80, 6-30 (b), at PBP and installed a radio 6.105 telephone. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1950 Annual Report of the Marine MCM para 361-362 SM Vol5 Annex 82 Department of Singapore. (Refers to 'Malayan waters' around Horsburgh MR Para 314, 315 lighthouse and four seaward lighthouses.)

1951 Singapore (Marine Section of the MCM para 354, 360 SM Vol5 Annex 82 Specific reference, SM para Public works Department) carried p722 6.30(c) out maintenance repairs along with SM Para 6-30 repainting and whitewashing.

9 January General Clauses Ordinance 1951. MM para 201 MM Vol3 Annex 97 1951 (Provided a definition of 'Colony of

Malayan Royal Naval Volunteer SR Vol2 Annex 20 Reserve Ordnance by both the Federation of Malaya and Colony of Singapore. (The volunteer reserve as divided into a Federation ivision and a Singapore Division.) Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1952 Singapore (Marine Section of the MCM para 354, 360 SM Vol5 Annex 82 p Public Works Department) fitted boat 724 davits to Horsburgh Lighthouse. SM para 6.30(e)

23 June General Clauses (Amendment) MM para 202,204 MM Vol3 Annex 98 Ordinance should read as 1952 Ordinance 1952. (Amended the "Interpretation and General definition provided in the 1951 SCM para 6.35 Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance of the 'Colony of Ordinance 1952". Singapore'.) MM para 204 refers to "Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1960" and not 1952.

August 1952 The Malayan Naval Force became MCM para 41 1, 535 SR Vol2 Annex 22 Also located at MCM - Annex the Royal Malayan Navy. 4 (para 11) SR para 5.1 1 (c) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

23 Letter from the Director of Marine of SM para 8.4 ftn 354 SM Vol6 Annex 89 September the Federation of Malaya to the 1952 Master Attendant of Singapore SCM para 7.1 0 making an offer to fund the lighthouse at Pulau Pisang. SR para 6.26

29 Letter from the Master Attendant, SM para 8.4 ftn 355 SM Vol5 Annex 90 September Singapore to the Director of Marine, 1952 Federation of Malaya. (This was a reply to the 23 September 1952 enquiry. Reference was made to both Pulau Pisang and PBP and presumed that both places 'belonged to the Unfederated State of Johore.)

27 October Authorisation was given to fly the MCM para 354 SM Vol5 Annex 82 1952 new Ensign of the Colony of Singapore on all Marine Department SM Para 6.30(d), 6-49 Establishments, including PBP. Date EvenUDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

7 October The Singapore Chief Surveyor SR para 8.33 SM Vol6 Annex 91 1952 expressed the opinion that (Letter from Master Singapore should claim a three-mile attendant, (Singapore) territorial sea around PBP. to Colonial Secretary, (Singapore) dated 6 February 1953 - noting Chief Surveyor's opinion).

November PBP was inspected to ascertain its MCM para 41 1 1952 suitability for naval requirements. SM para 6.57

1953 Annual Report of the Rural Board of MM para 213-214, 216 MM Vol3 Annex 71 Singapore. (Lists islands in the Board's control. Excludes PBP.) MCM para 512 MR para 293,294,299, 302

SCM para 6.45, 6.46, 6.47- 6.49, 7.30, 7.31 Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRernarks

6 February Letter from the Master Attendant, SM para 8.35 ftn 376 SM Vol6 Annex 91 1953 Singapore, to Colonial Secretary, Singapore. (The letter quoted the Singapore's Chief Surveyor's opinion that Singapore should claim a three-mile territorial sea around PBP and requested what decision had been made.)

27 April Malayan Federation Light Dues MCM para 331 MM Vol3 Annex 99 1953 Ordinance No.24 of 1953. (Reintroduction of levying of light MR para 310 duties and the establishment of the Light Dues Board.)

28 May 1953 New rainfall gauges were installed MCM para 375-377 SM Vol6 Annex 92 on PBP by the Meteorological Department. (From 1 June 1953 to SM Para 6-45 April 1988 the lighthouse keepers collected rainfall data daily.) Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

12 June Letter from Higham, on behalf of the MM para 235, 237 MM Vol3 Annex 67 1953 Singapore Colonial Secretary, to the British Adviser, Johor. The letter MCM para 139, 507,508, SM Vol6 Annex 93 questioned the status of PBP. (See 514 reply: 21 September 1953 from the State of Johor.) MR para 145, 330, 368- 370 SM para 8.4 - 8.9, 8.1 3, 8.1 9, 8.38, 8.40

SCM para 7.3 (a), 7.4, 7.6-7.1 2, 7.1 9, 7.22, 7.23, 7.34, 7.37(a)

SR para 3.16, 4.135 ftn 358, 7.3-7.1 1, 7.13

18 June Letter from Turner (Secretary to the SM para 8.9 SM Vol6 Annex 95 There are two paragraph 1953 (Date Johor British Adviser) to the Colonial lb)s in SCM para 7.3. of receipt). Secretary of Singapore in reply to SCM Para 7.3(b) Therefore, to be specific, to Higham's letter of 12 June 1953. It refer to SCM para 7.3 at stated that the enquiry by Higham footnote 453. would be further consulted and examined. Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

19 June Lighthouse Laws and Orders issued MCM para 378 SM Vol6 Annex 94 1953 by Acting Master Attendant. (Included an order for the SM para 6.50 Government's Ensign to be flown daily.)

July 1953 Office of the Colonial Secretary, MM para 238 MM Vol3 Annex 68 Typo error: "sovereighty" Singapore wrote to the Deputy should spell as ffsovereignty". Commissioners General for Colonial SCM Para 7.3, 7-14, 7-15 Affairs Singapore. (Singapore's sovereighty over islands was determined by the Anglo-Dutch and Crawfurd Treaty and the 1927 Agreement.) Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

21 Letter from the Acting State MM para 236,243 MM Vol3 Annex 69 September Secretary of Johor to the Colonial 1953 Secretary of Singapore. (It stated IVlCM Para 501, 503 - 514 SM Val 6 Annex 96 that Johor did not claim ownership of PBP.) MR para 294,330, 351, 368-370

SM para 6.1 13, 7.29, 7.31, 7.39, 8.1-8.4, 8.10-8.20, 8.28, 8.29, 8.38. 8.40

SCM para 1.I 5, 1-23, 6.1 1, 6.18 ftn 320, 6.50, 7.4, 7.24, 7.25, 7.27, 7.32- 7.36, 7.37

SR paras 1.6(9, 1.7, 1.9, 4.3, 4.5, 4.16,4.55, 4.61, 4.1 14, 4.120, 4.125, 6.2, 6.83, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3(c), 7.1 1 ftn 593, 7.12-7. I7, 7.18, 7.1 9, 9.1 9, 9.23, Summary of Reasoning and Conclusion para I1(9 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRernarks

23 Letter from the Director of Marine, SCM para 7.3 SM Vol6 Annex 89 SCM para 7.3 at footnote 452 September Federation of Malaya to the Master 1953 Attendant, Singapore.

29 Letter from the Master Attendant, SCM para 7.3 SM Vol6 Annex 90 SCM para 7.3 at footnote 452 September Singapore to the Director of Marine, 1953 Federation of Malaya.

2 October Internal Memorandum from the MM para 236 MM Vol3 Annex 70 1953 Colonial Secretary, Singapore to the Attorney-General Singapore, and reply

13 October Letter from the Colonial Secretary MM para 236 M M Vol3 Annex 70 MM Annex 70 is only giving 1953 (Singapore) to Master Attendant (Internal memorandum the Internal memorandum (Singapore) that the Attorney- MCM para 509 from the Colonial without any letter attach to it. General agrees it can claim PBP Secretary, Singapore Whereas the event1 document based on the 'disclaimer' by Johore. SM para fn 376 to the Attorney is referring to the letter from General, Singapore) Colonial Secretary Singapore SCM para 7.3 (c), 7.24, to the Master Attendant on 13 7.25, 7.26, 7.34 fin. 504 SM Val 6 Annex 97 October 1953 (Letter) SR para 7.1 3, 7.14, 7.1 7

LL EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

Annual Report of the Rural Board of MM para 215 MM Vol3 Annex 72 Singapore (Lists islands in the Board's control. Excludes PBP.) MR para 293,294,299, 302

SCM para 6.45, 7.30, 7.31

1 March Light Dues Ordinance No. 6 of 1957 MM para 246 -251 MM Vol3Annex 101 1957 (Singapore). (Reintroduction of the levying of light dues and the MCM para 332,352 SM Vol6 Annex 99 establishment of the Singapore Light Dues Board to administer the fund MR para 3081 31° for light dues). SM para 6.23

SCM para, 6.52, 6.53, 6.56

5 August Agreement for the Establishment of MM para 68.200, Insert MM Vol2 Annex 13 1957 the Federation of Malaya as an 10 p33 Independent Sovereign Country within the Commonwealth, Kuala SCM para 6.17, 6.1 8 Lumpur. Appendix A para 35 MM Vol3 Annex 100 Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRernarks

12 October Malaysia entered into a Security SR para 5.1 1 (e), 5.15, SR Vol2 Annex 23 1957 agreement with Britain, viz., the 5.16 Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement, which provided for cooperation with Britain to protect Britain's territories in the Far East, including Singapore.

15 February Letter from the master Attendant, SR para 6.33 ftn. 514, SR Vol2 Annex 24 1958 Singapore to Permanent Secretary 8.33 of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. (Described PBP as 'Colony territory'.)

1 July 1958 Transfer by Britain to Malaya of the MCM para 446, 534, 536, SR Vol 2 Annex 25 Royal Malayan Navy. Annex 4 (Federation of Malaya Legislative Council SR para 5.1 1(c) Debates)

Naval Base in Singapore to the Malayan Government. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1 August State of Singapore Act 1858 (UK). MM para 203 MM Vol3 Annex 103 "State of Singapore Act 1858 1958 (Provided for the establishment of (UK)" should be "State of the State of Singapore. Section l(1) SM Para 3-10 SM Val 6 Annex 101 Singapore Act 1958 (UK)" of the Act described the "State of Singapore" as comprising "the SCM para 6.35 territories included immediately before the passing of this Act in the Colony of Singapore".)

1 August Light Dues (Amendment) Ordinance MM para 248-250 MM Vol3 Annex 102 Typo error: SMC should be I958 No. 20 of 1958 (Singapore). SCM. MCM para 332-344,351

MR para 305,308,310

SMC para 6.52-6.56, 6.58

3 June 1959 Government Notification No. 1414. SM para 3.1 0 ftn 24 SM Vol6 Annex 102 (State of Singapore was officially established). I Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

October Mr A. Velu Pillai, from Survey MR para 397 MR Vol2 Annex 19 Typo error: "tavelled" to be 1959 Department Federation of Malaya, spelled as "travelled" Topographical Branch, tavelled to PBP to undertake observations.

1959 Singapore (Marine Section of the MCM para 255,354,357 SM Vol5 Annex 82 See also MCM-Annex 2 Public works Department) installed dihedral radar reflectors at the SM para 6.30(f) Horsburgh Lighthouse.

27 January Interpretation and General Clauses MM para 204 MM Vol3 Annex 104 1960 (Amendment) Ordinance 1960. (Amended the 1952 Act also SCM para 6.35, 6.36 provided a definition of 'the Colony of Singapore'.)

18 February Government Regulation Replacing MCM para 552 ftn 724 MCM Vol3 Annex 38 Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC MoteIRemarks

13 Standing Orders and Instructions- MCM para 373, 374, 388, SM Vol 6 Annex 106 September Lighthouses. (Issued by the Master 404 1961 Attendant of Singapore which required visitors to have a permit to SM Para 6-37?6-54 land or stay at lighthouses, the ensign of Singapore had to be flown and it also regulated the conduct of lighthouse personnel.)

1962 Singapore (Marine Section of the MCM para 255,354,357 SM Vol5 Annex 82 Also located in MCM-Annex Public Works Department) installed 1, para 56 a radio beacon at the Horsburgh SM para 6.30 Lighthouse.

Affidavit of Rear- landed on PBP in full RMN uniform, when he was in command of the Thanabalasingam MCM vol. 2 Annex 4 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

9 July 1963 Agreement between the United MM para 69,205 MM Vol2 Annex 14 Kingdom, the Federation of Malaya, States of , SM para 1.5, 1.7, 3.11, and Singapore Concerning the Establishment of the Federation of SCM Appendix A para 36 Malaysia. (Formed a new independent federation to be called the "Federation of Malaysia" - merger of Malaysia and Singapore. Came into effect on 16 .)

Malaysia Act 1963 (Act passed in SM para 3.1 1 MM Vol3 Annex 107 Discussed also at MM para the UK). (Corresponded to the 205 31 July Malaysia Act No. 26 of 1963, 16 SR para 5.1 1(g) SM Vol6 Annex 107 September 1963.)

16 Malaysia Act No. 26 of 1963 (Act MM para 69,205 MM Vol3 Annex 106 September passed in the Federation of Malaya). 1963 (The signed on SM Para 3.1 1, 3-12 SM Vol6 Annex 108 9 July 1963 came into effect. Both Johor and Singapore became States SCM para s3 (e) within Malaysia.) SR para 5.1 1(g) (h) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

7 November A British Cargo vessel, the MV MCMpara450,458-460 SMVol6Annex109 1963 Woodburn became stranded on a (Preliminary Inquiry). submerged reef adjacent to PBP. A SM Para 6-78, 6-81 preliminary inquiry was conducted by the Master Attendant pursuant to SR para 4-163-4-167 Singapore's Merchant Shipping Ordinance.

4 December Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister, SM para 6.78 SM Vol6 Annex 110 Also discussed in MCM para 1963 acting under section 315 of the 458 Singapore Merchant Shipping SR para 4.1 64-, 4.165, Ordinance, convened a Court of 7.17 investigation to examine the circumstances surrounding the stranding of MV Woodburn.

1 May 1964 Letter from the Director of Marine, MM para 227 - 232, 284 MM Vol 3 Annex 73 Also discussed in SCM para Malaya, to the Director of Marine, 6.1 04 Singapore, regarding televisions for the lighthouses and reply, 13 May 1964. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

13 May 1964 Reply by the Director of Marine, MM para 229-232, 234, Located in MM-Annex 73 Singapore to the Director of Marine, 284 Malaya letter of 1 May 1964 concerning television sets at SCM para 6.1 04 Horsburgh and other Lighthouses.

Jan 1965 - Passage Narratives and Reports of MCM para 543-545 MCM Vol2 Annex 4 Nov 1971 Proceedings from a number of RMN para 60 (In affidavit of ships which conducted patrols and Rear-Admiral other activities in PBP waters. Thanabalasingam)

1965 The MCM para 494 established a hydrographic survey unit in order to meet Malaysia's defence hydrographic survey requirements. Date EventIDocurnent Discussion Location AGC NoteIRernarks

7 August Agreement between the MM para 70 MM Vol2 Annex 15 Typo error: "Seperation 1965 Governments of Malaysia and Agreement" to be spelt as Singapore Relating to the SM para 1.7, 3.1 3, 7.1 3 SM Vol 6 Annex 111 "Sepgration Agreement" Separation of Singapore from Malaysia as a Separate and SCM Appendix A para 36 . ('Seperation Agreement9)(Singaporeseparated SR para 5.1 1(j) from the Federation and became an independent Republic on 9 August 1965.)

9 August Singapore became an independent MM para 206 MM Vol3 Annex 108 Singapore's independence 1965 and sovereign State. (Proclamation of and status as sovereign state MCM para 537 Singapore) is also a result of the "Separation Agreementn as SM para 3.13 located in SM Vol. 6 Annex 111 and MM-Annex 15

23 Interpretation Act, No. 10 of 1965 MM para 204 MM Vol3 Annex 109 December (Singapore). (Amended the 1965 Interpretation and General Clauses SM Para 3-14 SM Vol6 Annex 112 Ordinance of 1952 which defined the 'Colony of Singapore'. This Act SCM para 6.35, 6.36 ftn defined the 'Island of Singapore'.) 339 Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1 January Malaysia transferred to Singapore SR para 5.1 1(i) SR Vol3 Annex 56 1966 command and control of the Singapore Division of the Malayan Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. It was renamed the 'Singapore Naval Volunteer Force'.

1966 Singapore (Marine Section of the MCM para 354,357,360 SM Vol5 Annex 82 Specific discussion of SM Public Works Department) installed p731 para 6.30 is in SM para a new electric-powered optic and SM para 6.29, 6.30 6.30(h) light source and added an alternator room to Horsburgh lighthouse. Also located at MCM Vol. 2, Annex 1. paras 56-57

-----

1967 Singapore (Marine Section of the SM para 6.30 SM Vol5 Annex 82 Specific discussion of SM Public Works Department) carried p733 para 6.30 is in SM para out general repairs and repainting on MCM Para 354, 360 6.30(i) Horsburgh Lighthouse.

s EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NotelRemarks Date I 1

20 February Request from Office of MCM para 540 MCM Vol2 Annex 4 1967 Commander Far East Fleet, para 1.1-1.2, 2.3, 2.4, Singapore to the Ministry of Defence MR para 408-413 4.1-4.7 (referred to in (Navy), , for clearance the Affidavit of Rear- 'for HMS Dampier and detached SR para 5.1 9-5.20 Admiral parties to carry out surveys in West Thanabalasingam). Malaysia'. The coordinates given included the waters around PBP. Surveys were carried out in May.

21 March - Duration given for the survey to be MR Vol. 1 Appendix Ill 22 May 1967 conducted by HMS Dampier in West Malaysia. However, the surveys were actually conducted in May 1967

24 February Letter from the Director of Marine, MCM para 495 MCM Vol3 Annex 39 1967 Malaysia, to the Secretary to the Ministry of Transport of Malaysia. (Regarding the responsibility of the Royal Malaysian Navy to undertake hydrographic surveys.) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location

14 Statement by D. T. Brown (the MR para 312,317,318 SCM Vol3 Annex 42 September Singapore Marine Department 1967 official who succeeded J.A.L. Pavitt SCM para 6.62, 6.81 fin as Director of Marine in 1968) that in 407 addition to the waters immediately surrounding Singapore, the waters SR para 7.1 7, 8.33 within 3 Miles of Horsburgh lighthouse may be considered to be Singapore territorial waters.

16 April Agreement signed MM para 274, -279, 295(ii) MM Vol3 Annexes 75 1968 between Malaysia and the ( Staits Times), 1 10 Continental Oil Company of MCM para 159, 502,555, (Agreement with Malaysia. 575 (b) Continental Oil Company) Petroleum Agreement signed MR para 339, 353- 359, between Malaysia and Esso 366 Appendix B to the Exploration Malaysia Inc. Agreement (MM Insert SCM paras. 6.82-6.89, 19 OR MM Vol. 4 Map 8.13-8.14, 8.16 37)(to the Agreement)

SR para 5.23 (a), 5.24(c) SCM Annex 44 Date Discussion Location AGC NotelRemarks

17 April An article appeared in The Straits MM para 276 MM Vol3 Annex 75 Also discussed at SCM par 1968 Times about the oil agreements 6.88 signed on 16 April 1968.

27 May 1968 Minute from Brown D.T (Director of SCM para 6.65 SCM Vo1.3 Annex 45 Marine, Singapore) to Marine Department Engineer. (Required all SR para 6.37 staff proceeding to Pulau Pisang to possess valid travel documents.)

28 May 1968 Letter of complaint about MCM para 395 MCM Vol3 Annex 40 Singapore's flying of Marine Ensign over Pulau Pisang by Youth Wing of SR para 4.133,4.134 the United National Organisation to MFA Malaysia Date EventlDocurnent Discussion Location AGC NoteIRernarks

16 July 1968 Letter of Promulgation from MM para 270, 271, 295(i) MM Vol 3 Annexes 76 SCM para 6.77 erronously! Commodore K. Thanabalasingham stated the date of this letteri to Naval Staff Division, Ministry of WlCM Para 159, 533, 534, WlM Map 25 as 18 July 1968. I Defence, Kuala Lumpur. (The letter 539, 546 I was designed to detail the outer MCM Vol2 Annex 4 I limits of Malaysian Territorial Waters MR para 346, 347-352, para 68-81 Affidavit of and foreign claimed waters in West 356, 358, 388 Rear-Admiral Malaysia. It provided PBP as being Thanabalasingam within Malaysia's territorial waters.) SCM para 6.77-6.81, 8.13(a), 8.14, 8.15, 9.22

SR para 5.1 0, 5.12

3 or 6 Meeting between Singapore and MCM paras. 378, 395, SM Vol. 6 Annex 113 I September Malaysia regarding the lowering of 396, 399 I 1968 the Singapore Ensign flown over the 1 lighthouse on Pulau Pisang. SM para 6.53, 7.1 2 I Singapore lowered the flag. I SCM para 1.I 2(b), 6.65, 6.80 I SR para 4.134 ftn. 356, 4.1 35 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

4 September Letter from Ministry of Foreign SR para 4.134 ftn 356, SM Vol. 6 Annex 113 Discussion also at MCM para 1968 Affairs, Singapore to Attorney- 4.135 378; SM para 7.1 2 General, Singapore. (Regarding the lowering of the Ensign on Pulau Pisang)

August 1969 Note of the Malaysia Oil Agreements MM para 277 MM Vol3 Annex 77 Also discussed in SCM para signed on 16 April 1968 was 6.88 published in the Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists

2 August Emergency (Essential Powers) MM para 279 MM Vol3 Annex 111 1969 Ordinance No.7 of 1969 (Malaysia). Malaysia extended its territorial MCM para 502, 555 SM Vol6 Annex 114 waters to 12 nm. MR para 360-364,

SM para 9.31

SCM para 6.90, 6.91

SR para 5.23(b), 5.24(c) Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

22 Press Statement by the Indonesian MM para 280 September and Malaysian Delegations to the 1969 Talks on the Delimitation of the SCM para 6.94 Continental Shelves Boundaries Between Malaysia and the Republic of .

27 October Agreement between the MM para 269,280,281 MM Vol2 Annex 16 1969 Government of the Republic of Insert 20 (p122) lndonesia and the Relating to the Delimitation MCM 502,555,575 (b) of the Continental Shelves between the Two Countries. (In respect of the MR para 339, 365-366 1969 Continental Shelf Agreement SCM para 6.74, 6.92-6.94 with lndonesia, Singapore alleges that the agreement carefully avoided SR para 5.23 (c), 5.24 (c) any intrusion into the waters around PBP, and that the agreement was, in any case, res inter alios acta as far as Singapore was concerned.) Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

26 Light Dues Act No.12 of 1969 MM para 251-256 MM Vol3 Annex 112 December (Singapore). (Repeals and re-enacts 1969 with amendments the Light Dues MCM para 332, 333, 344, Ordinance 1957.) 35 1 MR para 305,306,310

SCM para 6.57, 6.58

1970 US Board of Geographic Names MR para 400 SCM Vol3 Annex 46 Gazetteer No. 10 showed PBP as appertaining to Singapore. SCM para 9.32 SR para 8.35, 8.36(b)

17 March Treaty between Malaysia and the MM ftn 217 MM Vol2 Annex 17 Typo error: "Counties" to be 1970 Republic of Indonesia Relating to the spelt as "Countries" Delimitation of the Territorial Seas of SCM Para 6.69 the Two Counties in the Straits of Discussed at para 280 at Malacca. footnote 21 7 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1971 Singapore (Marine Section of the MCM para 354 SM Vol5 Annex 82 Public Works Department) carried out general repairs and repainting, SM Para 6.30(i) installed an additional diesel fuel storage tank and renewed the diesel engines' cooling water tanks and piping connections.

20 June Visit by Singapore's Minister for SR para 7.17 SM Vo1.5 Annex 87, Other related visits also 1971 Communications to PBP. p787-788 discussed in SM para 6.34, 6.56; SCM para 6.39

August 1971 Visit by Singapore's Minister for SR para 7.17 SM Vol 5 Annex 87, p Other related visits also Home Affairs to PBP. 789 discussed in SM para 6.34, 6.56; SCM para 6.39

16 Adoption of the Joint Statement on MCM para 498, 499 SM Vol6 Annex 1 16 November the Malacca and Singapore Straits 1971 signed by Indonesia, Malaysia and SM Para 7-19 Singapore. (It provided a common position on matters relating to the Straits of Malacca and Singapore.) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

ppppp

1972 Singapore Facts and Pictures, MM para 21 1,217,242 MM Vol3 Annex 79 Singapore Ministry of Culture. MR para 293, 294,299, 302

SCM para 6.42, 6.43, 6.44, 7.30, 7.31(b)

17 June Application from the American MCM para 415 SM Vol 6 Annex 117 Typo error: "Socieity" should 1972 Piscatorial Socieity to Singapore to be spelt as "Society" land on Pedra Branca. SM para 6.59 SR para 4.1 48, 8.21, 8.22

1973 Plans made for in SR para 4.1 80 SR Vol3 Annex 42 the sea areas off PBP. (The idea of reclaiming the sea area around PBP SR Para 7-17 was brought up again in 1974.) Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1 April 1973 Lights Dues (Repeal) Act. (Republic MCM para 343, 352 SM Vol6 Annex 118 of Singapore). (Transferred the assets, liabilities and employees of SM Para 6-24 the Singapore Light Dues Board to the Port of Singapore Authority and SCM para 6-38 ftn 342 repealed the 1957 Ordinance.)

25 May 1973 Agreement Stipulating the Territorial MM para 11 ftn 7, 101, MM Vol2 Annex 18 See also MM Insert 30 (after Sea Boundary Lines between 245,264- 267,322 (Insert page 148) Indonesia and the Republic of 14) MM Vol4 Map40 Singapore in the Strait of Singapore. (This Agreement did not contain any MCM Para 340, 552-554, reference to the waters in the area of 575 (a) PBP.) MR para 44, 286,304, 324-328, 366

SCM para 1.14(d), 6.67- 6.70 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

12 February Standing orders and Instructions to MCM para 372-374, 378, SM Vol6 Annex 119 1974 Lighthouse Personnel. (Issued by 404, 423, 425 the Port of Singapore Authority and applicable to PBP. Included SM para 6.38. 6.39, 6.51, requirement to fly the ensign and 6.53, 6.54 regulated conduct of lighthouse personnel.) SR para 3.89

26 March A joint survey was undertaken by MCM para 416, 41 7-41 9, MCM Vol 3 Annex 41 Error at discussion in SR i.e. 1974 representatives from Malaysia, 423,496,497 SR para 4.144-4.14 should be Indonesia and to make tidal SM Val 6 hnex 120, para SR para 4.1 44-4.143 observations from PBP. (A SM para 6.61, 7.31 121 and 122 Commanding Officer of the Malaysian Navy complied with SR para 4.144-4.1 4, 6.4- Singapore's request to furnish the 6.9, 8.26 particulars of the individuals concerned before permission could be given.)

29 August Entry into force of Agreement MM para 264 MM Annex 18 1974 Stipulating the Territorial Sea Boundary Lines Between lndonesia and the Republic of Singapore in the Strait of Singapore of 25 May 1973. Date EvenVDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

September Visit to PBP by Singapore's Minister SR para 4.153, 7.17 SR Vol3 Annex 43 I974 of State for Communications.

20 Letter from Acting Deputy Director, SR para 7.17, 8.33 SR Vol3 Annex 44 November Port of Singapore Authority to I974 Permanent Secretary Ministry of Communications. (Referred to 'our island territory at Horsburgh Lighthouse and the territorial sea which it will be entitled to'.)

1 April 1975 The Republic of Singapore Navy MCM para 41 1,446,487, SR Vol3 Annex 56 p was officially formed. A small naval 537 11 reserve force had been established by Britain in 1934. SM para 6.70 SR 5.1 1 (k) Date EvenUDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

18 June A contractor was injured while SR para 4.154, 7.17 SR Vol3 Annex 45 1975 installing new generators for the Horsburgh Lighthouse. He was promptly evacuated from PBP by RSS Sovereignty, a Singapore Navy patrol craft, which was patrolling in the vicinity.

18 The Commander of the Singapore's MM para 445,447 SM Vol 6 Annex 123 Reference error in discussion: September Navy issued Operation lnstructions 1975 No. 10175. (Provided for the SM para 6.70, 6.71 (i) "MM para 445, 447" should deployment of Singapore Navy in (Image 10 after P 116) be "MGM para 445,447". anti-piracy and routine security patrols across five patrol areas SR para 4.151 (Insert 9). (ii) "Image 10" should be extending from the Sultan Shoal 7.17 "Map 10". Lighthouse in the west to the 'Horsburgh Lighthouse extending For location see also in SM- North-Easterly' .The southern limits Map 10 (after page 116); SR- of area F5 passed less than 0.4 Insert 9 nautical miles from PBP.)

September The last British naval units withdrew SR para 5.1 1 (k) SR Vol3 Annex 47 1975 from Singapore. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

3 November Four distressed Singapore SR para 4.1 54 SR Vol3 Annex 48 1975 fishermen landed at PBP to seek help and were evacuated from the island by another Singapore Navy ship, the RSS Sea Dragon.

3 May 1976 Visit by Singapore's Senior Minister SR para 4.1 53, 7.1 7 SR Vol3 Annex 49 of State for Communications to PBP in a Singapore Navy missile gunboat. The gunboat stayed in the vicinity of PBP throughout the 22- hour visit.

6 July 1976 The Republic of Singapore Navy SM para 6.73 SM Vol6 Annex 124 sent a letter to the Port of Singapore Authority detailing the need for a military rebroadcast relay station to be located on PBP. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

8 July 1976 Letter from the Hydrographic MCM para 423 SM Vol6 Annex 125 Department of the Port of Singapore (see also Annex 128 re Authority to the Singapore Ministry SM Para 6-74 PSA having no of Defence. (The Port of Singapore responsibility.) Authority replied positively to the SR para 4.1 55 request of 6 July 1976 regarding the rebroadcast relay station and stated that it had no responsibility for operating or maintaining the relay station.)

--

MCM 185,445,449 SM Vol6 Annex 124 - communications equipment on PBP. SM 6.68, 6.72-6.75

SR para 4.155, - 4.158, 6.40, 6.47 - 6.49, 6.65, Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC RlotelRemarks

26 June Enforcement action by Singapore's SR para 4.152, (Insert 9)' SR Vol 3 Annex 50 1977 RSS Sea Lion in protection of 7.1 7 Singapore fishing boat that had been robbed in the vicinity of PBP.

28 June Singapore officials landed on Middle SCM para 8.20 SCM Vol Annex 49 Discussion also at MR para 1977 Rocks for the purpose of carrying 431 out surveys.

September Reports of Proceedings of KD Sn' MCM para 545 MCM Vol3 Annex 43 1977 . (Evidence of Malaysia's Navy patrolling the waters around PBP.)

14 Adoption by the Inter-Governmental MCM para 498, 500 SM Vol6 Annex 134 November Maritime Consultative Organization 1977 ('IMCO') Assembly of its resolution SM Para 7-19 375 (X) establishing a new scheme in the Horsburgh Light Area. Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

13 January Letter from Minister of Foreign MCM para 397, 399,423, MCM Vol3 Annex 44 1978 Affairs of Malaysia to the Singapore 473 High Commission in Kuala Lumpur. (Concerned a 'joint hydrographic survey along the Straits of Johore for the purposes of demarcating the international boundary' between them .)

27 January The Government of Singapore MCM para 470 - 472,475- SM Vol6 Annex 135 Typo error: "Pedra ranca" to 1978 directed the Port of Singapore 480 be "Pedra Branca" Authority to study the possibility of reclaiming areas around Pedra SM para 6.88- 6.90 ranca. Singapore made an invitation for tenders in its SR para 4.179-4.181, newspapers to undertake sea 6.56, 6.58-6.60, 7.17 reclamation projects around PBP.

(SM quotes this as occurring in 1970 but MCM notes the correct year to be 1978.) Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

13 April A meeting between Malaysia MCM para 397,473 MCM Vol3 Annex 45 1978 wisma Putra - Ministry of Foreign (Notes on Discussion Affairs) and Singapore (Kishore - SR para 7.17 between Counsellor, Counsellor, Singapore High Singapore High Commission). (They discussed the Commission joint hydrographic survey along the Straits of Johore in Kuala Lumpur. SR Vol3 Annex 51 The flying of the Singapore Marine Ensign above Horsburgh Lighthouse became an issue.)

4 May 1978 The lightkeeper on PBP informed MCM para 416,424,425 SM Vol6 Annex 136 the Port of Singapore Authority that two persons who claimed to be from SM para 6.63 the Survey Department of West Malaysia had landed on the island SR para 4-146 the previous month in order to carry out triangulation observations. The lightkeeper did not allow them to remain at the lighthouse. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

9 May 1978 The Malaysian High Commission MCM para 416,420,421, SM Vol6 Annexes 137 sent a note to request for clearance 422 and 138 "for the Malaysian Government vessel MV Pedoman to enter SM para 6.62, 7.32 Singapore territorial waters" and to carry out inspections of tide gauges. SR para 6-1O- 6-1 (The note also informed of MV Pedoman's movements followed by 13 itemized coordinates for the period 9 May 1978 to 2 June 1978. Documents relating to further inspections undertaken at four monthly intervals thereafter - in October-November 1978 and March 1979.)

12 May 1978 Singapore's permission was granted SM para 6.62, 7.32 SM Vol6 Annex 138 to Malaysian's 9 May 1978 request that a Malaysian vessel enter SR para 6.1 1 Singapore's territorial waters.

- Date Discussion Location

January1 Reports of Proceedings of KD MCM para 545 MCM Vol3 Annex 43 February Lembing. Evidence of Malaysia's 1979 Navy patrolling the waters around PBP.

29 A Panamanian cargo vessel, the MV MCM para 450,461,462 SR Vol3 Annex 52, November Yu Seung Ho, ran aground insert 10 1979 approximately 600 metres east of SM para 6.79 PBP. The Minister of Communications of Singapore SR para 4.163,4.168, appointed two officers to investigate. 4.169 See letter of 4 December 1979.

I 4 December Letter from the Director of Marine of MCM para 462 SM Vol60 Annex 139 1979 the Port of Singapore Authority to Captain Thomas and Chua of the SR para 7.17 Port of Singapore Authority appointing them to investigate the grounding of MV Yu Seung Ho. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

20 Out telegram from the Ministry of MR para 38, 39 MR Vol2 Annex 20 December Foreign Affairs of Malaysia O/Visma 1979 Putra) to all Missions regarding the 1979 Map.

21 Malaysia published a map entitled MM para 181, 296, 320 M Map Atlas, Map 44 Reference to "M Map Atlas, December "Territorial Waters and Continental Map 44" should be "M_M Map 1979 Shelf Boundaries of Malaysia". MCM para 159,398,399 SM Vol6 Annexes Atlas, Map 44" (1979 Map) 140-141 MR para 36 - 42 SM Map 7 SM para 1.2, 4.2, 4.6, 6.4, 6.8, 6.113- 6.115, 7.8, 7.1 7 SCM para 8.2

SR para 4.1, 6.60

21 Meeting between the Singapore MR para 37,40,42 SM Vol6 Annexes Typo error: Reference to "MR December High Commissioner and Deputy 140-141 Vol 2 Annex 21 (Talking 1979 Secretary General of Ministry of SM paras 4.5-4.6, 6.1 15, points - Malayasia)" should Foreign Affairs, Hamid Pawanchee 7-37 MR Vol2 Annex 21 be "MR Vol 2 Annex 21 at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (Talking points - (Talking points - Malayasia)" Malaysia. Malayasia) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

21 Telex was sent by the Singapore SM Vol6 Annex 140 Discussion found in MR para December High Commission in Kuala Lumpur 37 footnote 90, para 40 1979 to the Singapore Ministry of Foreign footnote 99; Affairs. (Record of the conversation between Singapore High SM paras 4.5 footnote 34 Commissioner and the Deputy Secretary General of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia.)

Report by the Singapore High SM Vol6 Annex 141 EvenVDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

8 January Letters from Director of Marine, MCM para 462 SM Vol5 Annex 142 Singapore, to Bang No Hyeon and Bak Jong Hak regarding the SM para 6.79 investigation into the wreck of MV Yu Seung Ho. (See 29 Nov and 4 December 1979). The investigation found Hyeon and Hak to be unfit for employment on Singapore registered ships.

21 January Loose Minute by Mr. Ahmad Fuzi B. MR para 42 ftn 103 MR Vol2 Annex 23 1980 Hj. Abdul Razak, Principal Assistant Secretary (Political), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia, of a meeting on 8 January 1980 with the Counsellor, Singapore High Commission. (It stated that Singapore would be studying all the aspects to ascertain the actual legal position of PBP.) Date EvenIlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

28 January Letter from the Malaysian High MCM para 426-435 SM Vol6 Annex 143, 1980 Commission in Singapore to the Map 11 Singapore Ministry of Foreign SM para 7.34 Affairs. (Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation, National Electricity SR para 4.147, 6.12-6.16 Board of Peninsula Malaysia and German consultants wished to carry out a feasibility study for electrical power transfer by underwater cable from Sarawak to Peninsula Malaysia. Permission was requested to gain access to Singapore's territorial waters.) Date EvenUDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

14 February Diplomatic Note, Ministry of Foreign MM para 13, 181, 218, MM Vol3Annex80 1980 Affairs, Singapore, to Office of the 296 High Commissioner for Malaysia SM Vol6 Annex 144 objecting to Malaysia's 1979 Map. MCM Para 398 Singapore claimed sovereignty over PBP but no reference was made to MR para 293, 376 South Ledge and Middle Rocks. SM para 1.2, 4.6, 6.1 15, 9.1 7

SCM para 6.1, 9.34

SR para 6.15

26 February Letter dated 26 February 1980 from MCM para 431 MCM Vol 3 Annex 47 There is no direct reference to 1980 the Economic Planning Unit of SR Insert 11 on the subject Malaysia to the Malaysian Ministry of SR Para 6.15 SR Insert 11 . matter. Foreign Affairs. (The letter quoted a telex from the Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation which states that "it is envisaged that only Indonesian water would be involved".) Date EvenUDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

4 March Letter from the Director of the MCM para 430 MCM Vol3 Annex 48 1980 Economic Planning Unit, Malaysia, to the Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malaysia. (Provided that the feasibility study for electrical power transfer by underwater cable from Sarawak to Peninsula Malaysia (referred to in the letter of 28 January 1980) would also examine the possibility of onward transfer of electrical power to Singapore. A telex message from the Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation attached to this letter, stated the objective of the hydrographic survey of the submarine HVDC.)

26 March Letter from the Malaysian High MCM para 426,429,430, SM Vol6 Annex 145, 1980 Commission in Singapore to the 433 Map 11 Singapore Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (In furtherance of the request SM Para 7-34 made on 28 January 1980, a sketch map was included which SR para 6.12 (Insert 11 demonstrated the relevant territorial after page 92), 6-14 waters as being that around PBP.) Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

14 April Letter from Malaysian High SM para 4.7 SM Vol6 Annex 146 1980 Commission to Singapore Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (Protested against Singapore's diplomatic note of protest.)

13 May 1980 During a press conference, the SR para 5.21 SR Vol3 Annex 54 Prime Minister of Malaysia stated that the question of sovereignty over PBP was 'a question of going back to whatever documents there are, to prove who, to which nation, to which the island really belong'and that Malaysia 'are also looking into the question because it was not very clear with regard to this island.' Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

7 June 1980 Letter from Singapore's Ministry of MCM para 432 SM Vol6 Annex 147 Foreign Affairs to Malaysia's High Commission. (Singapore replied SM para 7.34 positively to Malaysia's request of 28 January and 26 March 1980, for its SR para 6-16 study on electrical power transfer but requested the coordinates of Singapore's territorial waters that would be affected .)

24 June A Singapore Navy vessel capsized MCM para 466-469 Located in SM-Annex 155 1980 off PBP while attempting to disembark armed forces personnel SM Para 6.84' 6-85 on the island for the purposes of maintaining the military equipment. SR para 4.173-4.174 A coroner's inquiry was conducted and the findings released on 4 August 1981.

15 Singapore declared it would extend MCM para 441 SM Vol6Annex 148 September its territorial sea claim to 12 miles in 1980 its Statement by the Singapore SM para 9.29 (c) Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1 January Singapore issued a Notice to MCM para 366,450,451 SM Vol7 Annex 150 1981 Mariners with regard to a vessel MV Yu Seung Ho being stranded SM para 6.80-6.81 approximately 500 meters from Horsburgh Lighthouse. SR para 4.104

25 May 1981 British marine salvage operators, MCM para 437-444 SM Vol7 Annex 151 Regis Ltd. were retained to recover items lost overboard by a Japanese SM para 6.66 freighter 6 to 10 miles off PBP. The Managing Director of Regis SR para 4.148, 8.23-8.26 approached the Hydrographic Department, Port of Singapore Authority, with a request to make preliminary surveys of the area prior to a full-scale search.

18 June Regis Ltd provided further details SM para 6.66 SM Vol7 Annex 152 Reference to "SR para 823" 1981 relating to the proposed search in its should be "SR para 8.23" earlier letter dated 25 May 1981. SR para 823 MCM para 437-444 n

Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

2 July 1981 Singapore granted permission for MCM para 437,443 SM Vol7 Annex 154 the search by Regis Ltd to be carried out. SM para 6.67 SR para 8.23

4 August Findings of Singapore State Coroner MCM para 466, 469 SM Vol7 Annex 155 1981 inquiry on the deaths of three members of the Singapore armed SM Para 6-6(1), 6-8543-87 forces when their Singapore Navy vessel capsized off PBP in June 1980.

December Singapore's Prime Minister agreed SM para 4.8 Referred to in 1989 1981 with Malaysia's Prime Minister that note: SM Vol 7 Annex the dispute over PBP should be 163 resolved bilaterally through formal exchange of documents. Date EvenUDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

July -August Report outlining the feasibility study MCM para 433, 434 Seabed Study Along Document referred to is not 1982 for electrical power transfer by the HVDC Submarine annexed in the pleadings underwater cable from Sarawak to Cable Route Peninsula Malaysia. The closest the lnterconnecting survey came to PBP was 40nm. Sarawak and as Part of the Feasibility Study for the Power System Development in Sarawak. (Bremen, December I982)

A Report was made by Singapore to MCM para 451-454,491, MCM Vol3 Annex 49 the Twelfth Tripartite Technical 492 Experts Group Meeting on Safety of SM Vol7 Annex 156 Navigation in the Straits of Malacca SM Para 6.81 and Singapore. The meeting consisted of experts from Malaysia, SR para 4.160, 8.12, 8.16- Singapore and Indonesia. The report 8-1 verified the ship wrecks of 1963 and Date EvenUDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1985-1986 Malaysian fishermen attested to a MCM para 529 MCM Vol2 Annex 5 restriction of their access to waters and 6 (Affifdavit of around PBP by Singapore naval and Saban Din and ldris marine policy. Before this time the Bin Yusof) fishermen were not restricted.

1985 Fisheries Act, Act 317, (Malaysia). MM para 295(iii) MM Vol3 Annex 113

MCM para 159

SCM para 8.1 3(c), 8.16

22 June The grounding of Singapore ship MV SM para 6.82(a) SM Vol7 Annex 157 1985 Kota Angkasa about 800 meters south of PBP and about 200 meters SCM Para 8.8(b), 8.19(a) north of western cluster of Middle Rocks. This was investigated by Singapore authorities. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

1988 Singapore fully automated MCM para 269,270,283, SM Vol7 Annex 158 Horsburgh Lighthouse. Singapore 354, 363 also mounted solar panels on a new housing structure and installed a SM para 6.31 remote monitoring system. SR para 4.110,4.111

20 June The grounding of Nigerian ship MV SM para 6.82(b) SM Vol7 Annex 159 Reference to "SCM para 8.1 9 1988 Binta Yar'adua about 800 meters (a)(b)" should be "SCM para south-east of PBP and about 400 SCM para 8.1 9 (a)(b), 8.1 9 (bJ' meters north of the eastern cluster of Insert 13 Middle Rocks. This was investigated by Singapore authorities.

1989-1991 Singapore reminded Malaysia of the SM para 4.8 SM Vol7 Annex 163, Also see SM Annex-1 75, 179, agreement to formally exchange 166, 168 -171, 174, 180 documents. 176,177 1 Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

--

1989 Singapore installed a radar on the MCM para 185, 354, 357, SM Vol 7 Annex 165 See also SM - Annex 172, island and linked this to a Vessel 363,364 173 Traffic Information System operated out of Singapore. Malaysia was not SM Para 6-32 consulted and it accordingly protested. SR para 4.1 10,4.111, 6.40

28 February Note from the Ministry of Foreign MM Vol3 Annex 81 1989 Affairs, Singapore to Malaysian High Commission. (Requested the Malaysian map to be altered to reflect Singapore's sovereignty over PBP.)

1 July 1989 Singapore recommended to SM para 4.8 SM Vol7Annex 163 Malaysia that the dispute be referred to the ICJ. Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

14July1989 Singaporeclaimsthatthiswasthe SMpara6.8,6.113,7.8 MCMVol3Annex50 SeealsoMCMpara364 first protest by Malaysia on the issue of PBP. (Malaysia protested against SM Vol7 Annex 164 the installation of equipment for the Vessel Traffic Information System.)

10-12 Singapore officials landed on Middle SCM para 8.20 SCM Vol3 Annex 51 September Rocks in the course of conducting 1991 surveys. Records of Survey Conducted on PBP and Middle Rocks.

29 Protected Places (No. 10) Order MCM para 353 SM Vol7 Annex 178 November 1991. (Issued by the Singapore 1991 Minister of Home Affairs. Item 10 of SM Para 6-25 the Schedule, included PBP as being covered by the Order.) SCM para 6.38 SR para 4.98-4.1 03 Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NotelBernarks

Oct 1991- Singapore constructed a helipad on MCM para 185, 354, 356, MCM Vol3 Annex 51 "SM Insert 16" should be "SM 1992 PBP. Malaysia was not consulted 357,363,478 (Malaysian protest, 11 Image 16" and accordingly protested on 1 1 November 1991) November 1991 when Singapore SM para 6.32, Insert 16 first declared its plans in October SM Vol7Annex 172 1991 to construct the helipad. SR para 4.1 10, 4.1 11 (Business Times), 173 (Straits Times)

1992 Singapore Facts and Pictures, MM para 212 MM Vol3 Annex 83 Singapore Ministry of Information and the Arts. (First time PBP was MR Para 293, 294, 299, referred to.) 302 SCM para 6.42-6.44

25 January Meeting between the Prime SM para 4.8 SM Vol7 Annex 179 1992 Ministers of Malaysia and Singapore (Note from the High in which they agreed to formally Commissioner of exchange documents to determine Singapore to the the ownership of PBP based on Malaysian Foreign legal principles. Affairs Ministry - referring to the meeting). Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

15 February Singapore submitted to Malaysia her SM para 4.8 Source not annexed to 1992 arguments and documentary pleadings evidence of its ownership of PBP.

20 June Malaysia responded to Singapore's SM para 4.9 Source not annexed to 1992 arguments in a Memorandum. pleadings

i

17 Grounding of Norwegian ship MV MCM para 463-465 SM Vol7 Annex 184 September Martha I1 about 100 meters from 1992 South Ledge. This was investigated SM Para 6-82 (c) by Singapore authorities. SCM para 8.1 9(c) Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

4-6 February First round of face-to-face MM para 14,286,299 Source not annexed 1993 consultations between senior officials of Malaysia and Singapore. SM Para 4.9 It was held in Kuala Lumpur. During Malaysia-Singapore Consultations SCM para *s2 over Pulau Batu Puteh, Singapore made clear for the first time that its claim to sovereignty over PBP extended to Middle Rocks and South Ledge.

12-14 Second round of face-to-face SM para 4.9 Source not annexed January consultations between senior 1994 officials of Malaysia and Singapore.

SM Vol7 Annex 192

asked to negotiate the Special Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

7 August Agreement between the MM para 100, 221 (ftn MM Vol2 Annex 19 See also MR para 96; SCM 1995 Government of Malaysia and the 189) para 6.97 Government of the Republic of Singapore to Delimit Precisely the Territorial Waters Boundary in Accordance with the Straits Settlements and Johore Territorial Waters Agreement, 19 October 1927. (This agreement substantially confirmed the 1927 Agreement.)

1996 Maritime and Port Authority of SM para 6.24 SM Vol7 Annex 196 Singapore Act (Republic of Singapore). (Transferred the functions of the Port of Singapore Authority to the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore).

13 June Singapore upgraded the lights on MCM para 354, 363 SM Vol7Annex 197 1996 Horsburgh Lighthouse. SM para 6.32

SR para4.110,4.111 Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

14 October The grounding and sinking of MCM para 463-465 SM Vol7 Annex 198 See also SM Image 5, Image 1996 Malaysian ship MV Gichoon at 6 South Ledge. This was investigated SM Para 6-82 (d) (Image 5 by Singapore authorities. and 6) SCM para 8.1 9

1997 The Royal Malaysian Navy occupied MCM para 487, 536 MCM Vol2 Annex 4 See also MR para 340, 347, the Woodlands Naval Base in para I1-1 5, 21-25 348, 349, 352, 410, SR para Singapore from 1958 to the end of (Affidavit by 5.9 1997 when they handed it over to Thanabalasingam) Singapore.

17 April Submission of joint proposal by MCM para 365,493 MCM Vol3Annex52 1997 Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore to the International Maritime Organisation on the establishment of Mandatory Ship Reporting System in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore (STRAITREP) with Horsburgh Lighthouse as one of 14 remote stations with VTS facilities to support STRAITREP. Date EvenflDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

6 August The grounding of Singapore ship MT MCM para 463-465 SM Vol7 Annex 200 1998 Ocean Gunard at South Ledge. This was investigated by Singapore SM para 6.82(e) authorities. SCM para 8.19

August 2002 Malaysia imposed full immigration SM para 7.15 Source not annexed and customs control over Singapore lighthouse keepers and crew at Pulau Pisang.

3 January A Singapore Naval vessel RSS SR para 4.175, 6.62 SR Vol3 Annex 57 2003 Courageous collided with a Dutch- (Malaysia's Note EC registered vessel ANL Indonesia 812003 dated 14 Jan within, the territorial waters of PBP, 2003). resulting in the deaths of four Singapore naval personnel. Malaysia initiated its own investigations into the collision. Date EventIDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

6 February Foreign Ministers of Malaysia and MM paras 1-4, 286 MM Vol2 Annex 20 2003 Singapore signed the Special Agreement for Submission to the MR para 419 SM Vol2 Annex 1 International Court of Justice of the Dispute between Malaysia and SM para 1.3, 1.4, 4.9- Singapore Concerning Sovereignty 4-1 , 9-6 Over PBPIPulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge

pp

8-13 April The Maritime and Port Authority of MR para 415 (6.2) SM Vol7 Annex 201. 2003 Singapore carried out an hydrographic multibeam sonar SM para 9.46-9.47 Image survey and obtained computer 23 generated three dimensional diagrams of the seabed around PBP and Middle Rocks.

9 May 2003 Exchange of instruments of MM para 2 Source not annexed ratification. SM para 4.10 Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NotelRemarks

13 June Registration of the Special SM para 4.1 0 The Source has not been 2003 Agreement with the Secretariat of annexed. The Special the pursuant to Agreement has been Article 102 of the Charter of the assigned Registration United Nations. Number 39388 by the United Nations Secretariat See United Nations. Statement of and International Agreements Registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat during the month of June 2003 (STlLEGISER.N676), at p.8.

30 June Malaysia protested against a routine SM para 6.83, 6.1 16 SM Vol7 Annex 202 2003 investigation conducted by the Maritime and Port Authority of SR para 6.62 Singapore in the grounding of MV APL Emerald in a stretch of shallow waters between Middle Rocks and South Ledge. Date Event/Document Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

24 July 2003 Joint notification to the Registrar of MM para 2 MMVol2 Annex 20 the Court of International Court of (Special Agreement) Justice of the Dispute between SM para 1.3,4.10 Malaysia and Singapore Concerning SM Vol. 2 Annex 1 Sovereignty Over PBPIPulau Batu (Special Agreement) Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge.

1 September Court Order fixing the time limit for SM para 1.I Source not annexed 2003 the filing of the Parties' Memorials. SCM 1.1

6 November Malaysia protested against the SM para 6.116 SM Annex 203,204 2003 routine patrols of Singapore Navy ships and the routine transfer of maintenance and other personnel to and from PBP.

25 March Submission of Memorial by both MM para 1, SM para 1.1 2004 parties in accordance with the Court's Order dated 1 September 2003. Date EventlDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

25 January Submission of Counter-Memorial by SM para 1.I 2005 both parties in accordance with the Court's Order dated 1 September 2003.

4 June 2005 The Maritime and Port Authority of SR para 4.177, 4.178, SR Vol3 Annex 58 - Singapore received a report from a 8.27 66 registered container ship, Uni Concord that she had collided with the Malaysian bulk carrier, Everise Glory, about 7.5 nautical miles northeast of PBP.

Following the collision between Everise Glory and Uni Concord which resulted in the death of a Filipino crew member, the Department of Foreign Affairs of the issued three press releases which expressly describe the collision as having occurred "at sea off Pedra Branca, Singapore".

The full removal of the wreck of Everise Glory was completed on 30 October 2005. Date EventIDocurnent Discussion Location AGC NoteIRernarks

25 Submission of Reply by both Parties SM para 1.I November in accordance with the Court's Order 2005 dated 1 February 2005

23 January Joint letter to the ICJ by both Parties 2006 indicating no necessity for a Rejoinder

22 May 2006 The Court decided that no further written pleadings were necessary and the written pleadings for the case were closed.

8 August Both Parties jointly requested the 2006 Court to decide on the order of speaking Date EvenVDocument Discussion Location AGC NoteIRemarks

22 The Court decided on the order of September speaking, that is Singapore will be 2006 heard first and to be followed by Malaysia

6-23 Oral hearings for the dispute November between Malaysia and Singapore 2007 Concerning Sovereignty Over Pedra BrancaIPulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge.