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Compared and Functional Morphology of the Hoatzin (Opisthocomus Hoazin) Fanny Pagès

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Compared and Functional Morphology of the Hoatzin (Opisthocomus Hoazin) Fanny Pagès Compared and functional morphology of the hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) Fanny Pagès To cite this version: Fanny Pagès. Compared and functional morphology of the hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin). Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO]. Museum national d’histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2019. English. NNT : 2019MNHN0013. tel-02929631 HAL Id: tel-02929631 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02929631 Submitted on 3 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE École Doctorale 227 Sciences de la Nature et de l'Homme : évolution et écologie Année 2019 N° attribué par la bibliothèque |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| THÈSE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DU MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE Spécialité : Anatomie fonctionnelle présentée et soutenue publiquement par Fanny PAGÈS le 13 décembre 2019 Anatomie comparée et fonctionnelle de l’hoazin (Opisthocomus hoazin) Sous la direction de : Pr Anick ABOURACHID, Directrice Dr Anne-Claire FABRE, Encadrante Devant le jury : Dr Anthony HERREL, Directeur de recherche, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, Président Pr Jesús MARUGÁN-LOBÓN, Associate Professor, Université de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Rapporteur Dr Philipp HEEB, Directeur de recherche, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, Rapporteur Pr Dominique ADRIAENS, Professeur, Université de Ghent, Ghent, Belgium, Examinateur Dr Ryan FELICE, Lecturer, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Examinateur “Success is stumbling from failure to failure with no loss of enthusiasm.” Winston Churchill A mes parents Remerciements Table of contents General introduction ............................................................................. 6 Context ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Hoatzin ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Ecology ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Digestive system ................................................................................................................ 11 Anatomy ................................................................................................................................ 13 Fossil record ........................................................................................................................ 16 Phylogeny ............................................................................................................................. 17 Goals ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Interest of geometric morphometric methods ..................................................... 21 Chapter 1 - The skeletal anatomy of the hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin): functional consequences of an extreme life-style? ............................................................................... 23 Abstract ................................................................................................................................. 26 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 27 Material and methods ..................................................................................................... 29 Results ................................................................................................................................... 30 Skull .......................................................................................................................................................... 30 Vertebral column ................................................................................................................................ 38 Ribs ........................................................................................................................................................... 42 Pectoral girdle ...................................................................................................................................... 43 Wing bones ............................................................................................................................................ 46 Pelvic girdle ........................................................................................................................................... 49 Hind limb ................................................................................................................................................ 51 Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 55 Chapter 2 - Does bone preparation impact its shape: consequences for comparative analyses of bone shape? ....... 60 Abstract ................................................................................................................................. 63 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 64 Materials and methods ................................................................................................... 66 Material ................................................................................................................................................... 66 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 68 Results ................................................................................................................................... 74 Intraspecific level ................................................................................................................................ 74 Interspecific level analyses to assess the impact of bone deformation in a broader context ..................................................................................................................................................... 82 Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 84 What is the impact of deformation due to preparation on the bone shape at the intraspecific level? .............................................................................................................................. 84 What is the impact of deformation due to preparation on shape analysis at the interspecific level? .............................................................................................................................. 88 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 88 Chapter 3 - Does flight type constrain the shape of the scapular girdle in birds? Inferences on the flying ability of the hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin)...................................................... 90 Abstract ................................................................................................................................. 93 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 94 Material and methods ..................................................................................................... 96 Data collection ...................................................................................................................................... 96 Shape quantification using geometric morphometrics ........................................................ 97 Statistical analysis ............................................................................................................................100 Results ................................................................................................................................ 102 Principal Component analyses ....................................................................................................102 Shape differences depending on flight type using (M)ANOVAs and phylogenetic (M)ANOVAs .........................................................................................................................................107 K nearest neighbour classification and cross-validation test ..........................................108 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 109 Chapter 4 - Preliminary description of the hoatzin development: ossification sequence, focus on scapular girdle and cranial musculature ................................................................. 115 Introduction ....................................................................................................................
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