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A Coast Zone Management Framework for the Erongo Region

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A Coast Zone Management Framework for the Erongo Region UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN A COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE ERONGO REGION OF NAMIBIA University of Cape Town Dissertation by Karen Hattingh A project in partial fulfilment for the Masters of Philosophy degree in Environmental Science, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town July 1996 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town ii Recommendations are made to facilitate effective coastal zone management in Namibia. The recommendations are made in terms of Namibia, and not only for the Erongo Region of Namibia, because they concern general issues such as the adoption of an overall Coastal Zone Management Framework for the country as a whole. The recommendations made in the dissertation with regard to coastal zone management in Namibia are the following: • plan and implement an overall Coastal Zone Management Framework for Namibia, which has as one of its primary objectives the coordination of CZM planning at national, regional, and local level; • define CZM in terms of its primary functional components of Land-Use Planning; Development Assessment and Regulation; and Day to Day Resource Management; • formulate the policies suggested by the Management Framework; • enact a CZM Act; • appoint a steering committee to oversee the implementation of the Coastal Zone Management Framework adopted for the country; • extend the role traditionally played by environmental assessment in the country to the areas suggested by the Management Framework; • pass the draft Environmental Assessment Act which has already been formulated into law, thereby making environmental assessment of projects, programmes and policies a legally enforceable requirement in the country. The contention of the dissertation is not that Namibia adopt the Coastal Zone Management Framework presented in the dissertation, as the socio-political process of developing and implementing the suggested Management Framework will inevitably result in changes to it. Therefore, the contention of the dissertation is simply that a Coastal Zone Management Framework be adopted for the country as a whole. iii KUJ~.eJLe Omaheke I + 'I Erongo Region I StudyArea Map 1 Erongo Region and Study Area 3 4.2.1 Strategic Management Plans....... : '................................................................. 32 , 4.2.2 Coastal Policy Plans...................................................................................... 33 4.2.3 Structure Plans.............................................................................................. 34 4.2.4 Town Planning Schemes............................................................................... 35 4.2.5 Strategic Environmental Assessment. .......................................................... .36 4.2.6 Environmental Impact Assessment. .............................................................. 39 4.2. 7 Environmental Management System............................................................ 41 4.2.8 Coastal Zone Management Plan. ..................................................................42 4.2.9 Integrated Environmental Management. .......................................................45 4.3 Reason for developing a CZM Framework............................................................. 46 5. DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE ON, AND CZM IN, THE ERONGO REGION OF NAMffiiA 5.1 ·Development Pressures on the Erongo Region....................................................... 48 5.2 Coastal Zone Management in the Erongo Region. ................................................. 52 5.2.1 Planning decisions and management actions taken at nationallevel.. .......... 53 5.2.1.1 Lack of coordinated directives issued from nationallevel............... 53 5.2.1.1 Uninformed decision-making, the duplication of tasks, and uncertain . ty m. regard Jurl. 'sdicti' on .................................................... .. 58 5.2.2 Planning decisions and management actions taken at regionallevel.. .....................60 5.2.3 Planning decisions and management actions taken at locallevel.. ..........................61 5.2.4 Conclusion................................................................................................................ 62 Skeleton Coast Park UgabRiver ~~- ,.----' s Mile 1 Cape Cross OT&uru, River ,~~­ ____ , , , Mlle74 Henties Ba , /Khan River Wotzkasbaken ,, ,, Atlantic Ocean ~~ ....... , ,-, \ __ ,--------S~IBimp River Narrib-Naukluft Park National West Coast Tourist Reaeation Area ~~ ~,~~-,~~ Kuiseb River 0 10 20 :J) 40 50 '--- ... l<ilomalres Sperregebied Map 2 Study Puea 4 6. A Coastal Zone Management Framework for the Erongo Region of Namibia 6.1 Main characteristics of the proposed ftam.ework. ......................................................... 63 6.1.1 Overall planning from national to locallevel.. ................................................... 64 6.1.2 A Policy Framework........................................................................................... 64 6.1.3 Specific CZM legislation.................................................................................... 65 6.1.4 A single body with overall coordinating responsibility ...................................... 67 6.1.5 Environmental Assessment .......... ·........................................................................ 68 6.2 Diagrammatic outline of the proposed framework ....................................................... 69 6.3 Explanation of the framework ....................................................................................... 71 6.3.1 Step One: Policy Formulation at National Level, and Enactment of CZM legislation......................................................................................... 71 6.3.2 Step Two: Regional Level Planning Process which incorporates SEA............ 74 6.3 .2.1 The use of SEA extended into a non-traditional area. ............................ 7 5 6.3.2.2 Regional Level Land-Use Policy........................................................... 77 6.3.3 Step Three: National Level Planning Process .................................................. 78 6.3.4 Step Four: Local Level Planning Process which incorporates SEA ................ 81 6.3.4.1 The undertaking of SEA by local level authorities ................................ 81 6.3.4.2 Local Level CZM Policies ..................................................................... 83 6.3.5 From Policy Level to Project Specific Level.. .. ~ ......... ;....... ;............................ 86 6.3.5.1 National Level Policy to Local Level Policy......................................... 86 6.3.5.2 EIA......................................................................................................... 89 6.3.5.3 EMS ....................................................................................................... 90 6.4 The successful working of the ftam.ework .................................................................... 91 5 7. Application of the Coastal Zone Management Framework to CZM in Namibia . 7.1 Analysis ofNamibia in terms of the suggested CZM Framework. ......................... 93 7 .1.1 Overall planning from national to a locallevel............................................. 94 7.1~2 CZM Policies................................................................................................ 96 .... 7.1.3 CZM legislation............................................................................................ 98 7.1.4 A single body with overall coordinating responsibility................................ 99 7 .1.5 Environmental Assessments ......................................................................... ! 00 8. RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1 Overall planning from a national to a local level. .................................................. I 02 8.2 CZM Policies......................................................................................................... I 03 8.3 CZM legislation...... ~ .............................................................................................. I 03 8.4 A single body with overall coordinating responsibility ......................................... 104 8.5 Environmental Assessment. ................................................................................... I 04 8.6 Summary................................................................................................................ l05 9. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 106 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 108 PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS................................................................ ll7 v LIST OF MAPS 1. Erongo Region and the Study Area of the Erongo Baseline Report .................... iii 2. The Study Area of the Erongo Baseline Report .................................................. .iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Functional Components of Coastal Zone Management ............................30 Figure 2: The structure ofNAMPAB ....................................................................... 55 Figure 3: The structure ofiMSCLUP ......................................................................51
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