Retro-()Pposition and Other Retro-Analytical Clhess Problems by T

Home , Opposition (chess), Retrograde analysis

RET'RO.OPPOSI.TIOI\J

Retro-()pposition and Other Retro-Analytical Clhess Problems by T. R. Dawson

G. P. "{elliss First Published August 1989 Reset February 1997

page I RETRO-OPPOSI'IION

Qetro-Opposition and Other Retro-Analytical Chess Problems by T. R. Dawsor1 edited by G. P. Jelliss

This booklet, containing; all of 'I'. R. Dawson's pioneering work on Reto-Opposifion, together with some of his best retro-analytical work of other types, is based on a small manuscript booklet, Seventy l,ive Retros by Dawson, dated Ist November 1928, found in the British Chess Problem Society Archive. ln its Introduction he wrote: "The 75 retrograde analyses in this collection comprise all the best of my published work in this field since the publication of Retrograde Analysis in 1915" and "ln the motto problems the foundations of the theory of retrograde opposition are laid and all the known types fully illustrated". Following the arrangement of the manuscript hooklet, the prohlems are given in cltronological order of composition (with one or two slight displacements). The bold-printed D-numbers are those assigned to his composifions by the composer himself, and the frst date quoted is that of composition. In some cases this date is mnny years before publication. An asterisk (+) attached to moves in the retro-opposition studies indicates the thematic tempo change.

INTRODUCTION T'he information gained in such The third period, l9l l-15., (Ir'rorn nofes hy llaw,son in an analysis may be applied to comprises the early part of the Prohleryis! k'air! Che s s legalise PxP e"p.. to illegalise PxP r,vriter's lvork. up to the Retro Supplement xii I930't e.p" and castling, to justify turn to Book. This period sa\,Y s.p. theory play; or form of retracted movss, completed in most of its fine detail, Rctro-analysis consists in or situation of an added or altered and the introduction of illcgal e.p. examining hor,v a given position man; or to correct an illegality. analysis and synthetic tries. arose from the usual gams array by Modern developments to date strictly legal play r,r,'hether to have braught H. A. Adamson. detennine who moved last, what HISTORY G. C. Alvey, C. M. Fox, V. Onitiu, the last movss \,vers, r,l'hat position J. Schlarko and J. Sunyer into or positions must have existed in The history of retro-analysis prominence as masters, r,v-hile Dr the past. what disturbance of given falls into faur periods" The initial Niels Hoeg, r'r'ho had contributed men was forced, or hor,v many period, from about t858 to 1906, occasional fine studies in both the movss soms man or men made af rvas non-systematic and rarel5,' of second and third periods. no\,v gave necessity. high quality'" It ma-y- be associated us a long seriss of problems of The fundarnentals of the r,vith F. C. Collins, J. Jespsrssn, remarkable quality. Many more analStical method lie in tracing S. LoSrd and T. B. Rolvland. casual workers have done good captures (especially Pawn- though at least 100 others made work in recent ysars. The madern captures). checks and check occasional experiments. Five tSpes period has seen the subject of eliminations, irreal regions (r,l'here correction of illegalities, s5,nthetic tries rapidly w.idened, and men could not legally stand), and analytical retractors, e.p. keys, the main outlines of retra- states af retrostalemate (where no illegal castling, and partial analysis opposition drawn by H.A. A. and last movs is available) and re discovered. the r,r,riter. The Hoeg retractor has perpetual retrogression (wfiere last The second period, 1907-9, been developed to a position of msvss repeat in a cycle or in a covers the studies of A. Batari, importancs. futile inability to resolve a closed W. Hundsdorfer and A. Troitzky, region). The retro movss (i.e. r,r,ith a, ferv isolated r,r'orks of retractions) may be conditioned by others, on e.p. keys. The three positional motives apening great r,r,arkers thoroughly mastered 0J course, rnuclt has lines, unblocking squares, retro-technique and revealed all the happened since, but that is cancelling & guard ta free a King; main outlines of e.p. theory in a another sforyt. Ilctwson's or by time motives racing to large number cf profound studies. pioneering work should be known free a man against impending The subject of retro-opposition to all devotees of refroanalysis, retrostalemate. u,as discovered. page 7 RETRO-OPPOSITIOi{

l) 445 {tutt{atedlr:, retyact Bh7 to Jt, bttt then efter deferred clearance of d4-3 for Tepl i tz-Schr;n au Congress Book retracting 92 xh3 htcw did the adverse R. 26, p.182 (1923) (version Whire Rook escape _fro* hl ? It is Pittsburgh Leader I vi lg]J) neces,tary to uncapture the R at e1 D 897 (5 iv I9I1)n an;v ofher squnre and Black Eskilstuna Kuyiren 131 (10 ii IglT) (lrris,ra's runs out o{ Pawn moves be.fore trtriild ^&o,se.s, I tS {lg3S) White cnn get nfi, RSI to retract Det{. to A. A. Troitzx+t^ g2xh3 and provide Blach with n piece to move.

l} 8{}1 (15 vii I9l3)n Svenska Dagbladet 752 (20 xii 1925)

BI$ck plays ant{ helps tr{,'hite to mate in one

1. Pe'{xPPl e.p. Bc2f . The last W'hite lrirus moves must have been l. n-4 1. Re2 for 2. Kf2*. Not 1. 00f xRe4 2. ff Rg4-e4, preceded (the because Black's last movs lyas move order can be varied a little) Kb/c2 - cl, preceded bV {i) Ke/f2 - by: 7... f6-5 3. Rgl-g4 {7-6 elt or (ii) d2 leLlfT d4le3lfif . zl. Be4-h7 h5-4 5. Bg2-e4 h6-5 u,hen WK moved to let QR in to 6. Bfl -gZ h7-6 7. g2*h3. etc. Bl pla;,'rs and helps W mate in 2 hll}, or {iii} gZ - 3t, when Rhl Obstruction of passage square fi moved to let Rh2. to Bishop of same colour, t. Pf4xPe4 e.p. Se4 2. b4xc3 *c3f S . Last movss l. e2-4 D 918 f/ 2 t, 1911) To assist newcomers fo e4xRd3 2.Rd1-d3 f5 xRe4 Eskilstuna Kuriren 117 (10 iii IglT) retyoanalysis the editor gives here 3. Re3-e4 f6-5 4. Rd3-e3 f7-6 a mGre detailed outline o"f the 5. Rd2-3 f5-4 6. d3-4 g6xf5 argunxents used in solving this 7. Kd4-c5 Bc4-b5, etc. Clearance _first problern: (il) Ps e7, 97 show of e4-e3 for R of satne colour. that B.f8 was capfi*ed ctt home. (b) The Wlcite Ps show that the other l] 820 (21 x I9l3)r: fwo rnissing Black men were Pittsburgh Po,st captured by Pdzxe3 and PSZxh3. 560 (22 xii f gH) (version (c) A Blcck P ls missing. This L.Italia Scacchistica 1402, xi I g I T) must hcwe promoted to get into position to be capfured, or fo I,fhite repl*ce a captured mfrn. It rnust wtates in 3 1. Rb5 g"g6t 2. B*g6t. Not have come _from the a or b .fr\e, via c2, to promote at cl, since other 1... 00 because of opposition possihilities require more czp- befi+een 2Qs and Black hlnight hl, compelling K or KR movs. tures (ro eccottnt -for tlte Black P co?1rt#rcrfion) fhan fhere Gre missing Ifihite men. (d) Seqr,ience o_{ events at cl must hsve been: Abbeviations in headings : I . d7xe3; 2. Bc I (now gS) Iled. - Dedication at Bl plap's and helps I{ rnate in I moves out via d2, c3; -3. c2-c3: Ii - Fairy, R - Retro 4. 3 x Pr Prize, Ty Tourney Pb c2 and prornotes at c I ; 1. Pc4xPd4 e.p. Kd4I. Last moves - - The 68 problems from the 5. Promoted piece goes to h3 Jbr 1. d2-4 Rf5-f6 2. Sf6-gaf Rd5-f5 original MS are marked n g2xh3. (e) It tnkes three tnoves to 3. Sfs-h4t Rd3-d5. etc. Tnice

page 3 RETRO-OPPOSITIOI.{

D 1026 (20 ir| 19 I S)ri Add QcZ for Qblf . Last moves L Pb4xPc4 e.p. Sca$ Last moves jtfeycu\v Natal (10 t,ii I9 l5) Kbl-al, QxSc2t, etc. Relief of l. c2-1 h3-2 2. Qc3-c5 h4-3 Caissa's tr$''ildRo,re,t, I I I 935) il Black retrostalemate by uncapture 3. Rc4-c6 h5-4 4. Rc5-c7 Rc6-c8. on checking line. IPGT -.= Telescopic clearance. Pi tt s bur gh Ga ze tt e -Ti me sl D ll34 (13 i I9I7)n j923) Seven other problems r,vith the Svenska Dagbtadet,582 (2 I tii "Blundering Horsemen" stipulation 'Add WQ for * l', in the '7 5 Retros' MS appear together as problems 97 -103 in Caissa's Wild Roses in Clusters (1937).

/f 1089 (23 x r?Is) I$rhite mates in 2 Eskilstuna Kuriren, 715 (2 ] xii I I I8) 1. Pg5 xPff e,p.f . Last moves l. f7-5 Rfs-esf 2. Be3-f4t Bd4- h8f, etc. Obstruction of passage square f6 to adverse Bishop. trF'hite ffiates in 2 D 1027 (25 iv I9tSIt Asfri/sf ufta Kuriren, 38 I (7 x I9l6) l. Pg5 xh6. Black may not 1...000 because of K or R tempo-move, e.g. retract 1.Sff-h6 Sb3-al z.Sd8-ff Sd2-b3 3.Sfi-dS Sbl -d?. 4. Sd8-f7 Sc3-bl 5. Sf/-dB Sa4-c3 ,4,drl a Blach Knigtrt in a coyner 6. Sd8-f7 Sb6-a4 7. Sf7-dS Sc8-b6 so ifhite ma.v mate in l 8. Sd8-f7 Se7-c8 9. Sf7-dS Sg8-e7 10. Sd8-f7 Sh6-gS I 1. Rb8-a8* Add Sh8., S*h3f.Last movss Sf7-h6 12. d4-3 Sh8-ff 13. Sf7-ds 1. Sg6-h8 Bc2-d1 2. Sfi1-g6 h7-8{S} 14. SdS-f/ h6-7, etc. Bdl-c2 3. Se2-fil Bc2-dl 4. Scl -e2 Single opposition af Sal/Sh6 at ff. Kal-bl 5. Sa2-clt Bdl -c2 This is the first 'Motto Problem'. lirhite mates in 3 6. QcL-a3 Kb2-al 7. QcS-clt etc. 1. PfsxPej e.p.f Kxe4 2..8*g6f . Not Sa8. opposition on Bc2/dl J) 1138 (t2 i I?t7) Last moves l. e7-5 e5 xQd6t wrong. Not Sal as Sc2-al Eskilstuna Kuriren, 2. Bd5-f?t 3. Sff-h8 Qb4-d6f retrostalemate. version 16t {7 iv l9l7) Obstruction af e6 to adverse B. D l1t6 (8 iii 19l6)n 1082 (29 D vi I9l5)n Tepli tz-Schonau Con gre ss PGT, 1915 (19 xii I9l5) Book, 22 p.48A (1923) Caissa's lt'ild.Roses, I 22 ( I935) Caissa's tr{rild Rose,v, I I1 (1935)

It'hite mates in 2

1. KdZ. Not l. 000 because of single opposition in Be8 unpromotittg at a8 for Pb6 xa7 Add I,{'Q so that trlr may mate in I Bl plays and helps lil trtste in I against Bb8-a7.

page 4 RETRO-OPPOSITIOhi

o 1140 (t3 i I9r7) l. Rdlt. Not 1. 000f because of D 1145 {20 i 19r7) Fttnkschach, 9I {t,iii 1925) single opposition among Kd8-c8, L'Italin Sicaccltistica, 2t I4 (xii Iglg) Bc8-d7-e8, Ra8-a7 and Bb8-a7 in trying to open b8 for Sa6.

D 1143 (15 i Iel7)n I{agvar Sakkvildg, fT {iv 1922) To the h{emory of Brever Gyulo "The Knight in P$wn"

l,{hite mates in 2 White mates in I 1. Rdlt. Not 1. 0001 because of l. Rfl $. Not 1" 00f because of single opposition bet\,veen BgS-h7 single opposition behlren Re6-e5 and Rfl/-f6 in allowing Black K to and Rf6-f7 in allowing Ke5 -f4, ff to free White Q. Rf6-e6, Kd4-e5, etc.

il 1l1r ff4 i IelT)n D 1146 (21 i l9t$t Stenska Dagbladet 617 (9 xii 1923) IS''hite rnates in 2 L"Eclaireur du Soir "The Check in Passing" l. Kdzf l.{ot l. 000f because of 612 (26 xii 1924) K/R tempa, e.g. retract l. Sc5-b7 De di ca:: to I De sprd s I .A,\rce Bdl-e} Z. Se4-c5 Be2-dl 3. Sd2- ''Contretemps" e4 Bdl -e2 4. Sfl -d2 Rbl-al* 5. e2xSfl(S). Single opposition of BeZ/Sb7 at eZ at moment of unpromotion of Knight.

D Il11 (1 7 i 19171n Eskilstuna Kuriren, 1731 {5 iii 1927) "The Obstinate hiest"

l{,hite mates in } l. KdZ. Not 1. 000 because of KIR ternpo, e.g. retract 1. Kh5-h4 trtrthite mstes in l 2. Kh4-h5 Sf6-h7 3. Kh5-4 [Tempo*l I . Ke2f . Not I . 000f because of Sg8-f6f 1. Kh.+-hs and SSS easily K/R tempo, s.g. retract 1. Rf6-f/ passes to t2, freeing Se4. Single Bg8-h7 2. Rff-f6 Rbl-al* 3. Rf6- opposition of Sh?/Iilr,{ at f6/h5. f7 Bb3-g8 4. Rf/-f6 Bdl-b3 D rr12 (r1i rerT) 5. Rf6*ff Be2-dl 6. Re6-f6 and goes n2, Fairyt C/tess Review, 187 I (viii l94I) Sh6 to gl, Qh3 ta fl. Single opposition compounded of tr'trrhite mates in I Sh6, Bh7lRff at f7, f6. 1. Kf2*. Not 1. 00$ because of I#R tempo, s.g. retract I, Bb8-a7 Notation: e.p. = En Passant, Rft5-h6 2" Bc7-b8 Rh6-h5 \l/ = White, Bl - Black, 3. Bd8 -c7 Rh5-h6 4. Be7-d8 K-King, F&6-h5 5. Bf8-e7 Rgl-h I * Q-Queen., R-Rook, B-Bishop, 6. e7 *Qf6 7. b7-6 f6-7 Qf2-f6 S-Knight, P-Pawn, 8. c7-6 f5-6 9 . f6 x Sg5 Sh3-g5 f-Check, 10. ff-6 I I . h5-4 * Sh?, f-Mats, s5-6 96 --Movesto., x -Takes, etc. Single opposition of Rh1lBaT 00/000 Castles l#Q-side. l{rhite mates in 2 in f8/h5 to block Ph4. -

page ) RETRO-OPPOSITION D rlsl ii ret7) {t l. Rc2f Not l. 00f because of 7. b4-3 Qe4-c2 8. b5-4 Qe5-e4 Eskilstltttn Kuriren K/R tempo, e"g. retract 1. Re6-f5 9. a,1-3 Qh8-e5 10. a5-4 BgS-h7 789 (7 vi l9l9i * Sh7-fB Z. Rf6-e6 Rg 1-h I 11. a6-5 h7-8{Q} 12. a7-6 h6-7 3. Re6-f6 Sf6-h7 4. a7 -6 and Sf6 one turn too late. But instead goes to dZ or c3, etc. Single retract: (i) 5... Bg8-h7 6. b3 x QcZ opposition of Sf8/Rf6 rvith double QdI-cZ 7, b4-3 Qaul-dl 8. b5-4 block e6lf6. Qd4-a4 and as the try. but White"s KBgB is now properl,v placed. D 11s7 (12 ii tgr7) (ii) 5... Bg8 -h7 6. b3 xSc2 Sa3 -c,2 P i tt s b urgh Gaze tte -Ti me s 7, b4-3 c2-3 8" b5-4 Bc3 -dZ 3011 (7 vii tgf S) 9. c?-6 Bh8-c3 etc in time. ]v{emoyial to D. J. Dertstnore - 1t (re20) t 1160 (9 iii 19t7)n Svenska Dagblatdet, 597 (15 ix 1923) Ii'lrite mates in 2 Caissa's tr{ild Roses in Clusters, 122 (1937) 1. Rflf KeB 2. RxgB*. Not t. 00t *'The Captive Queen" becauss of single opposition in BIK passing dT or I against WQc 11d1.

il 1155 {11 ii r9I7) F'airy Chess Rertiew, 1936 tx I91l )

tr$'hite mates in 3

1. KeZ d4 or BxcT 2, Ralf . Not t. 00 etc because of opposition in

Sa7/cB passing Bd8/e7lf& at e7 . f'ffhite wates in 3

D 1158 (r2 ii r9r7) l. KdZ Ba7 2. eS(Qlt, 1... else trskilstuna Kuriren 2. Ralf . Not l. 00 because of I#R r 206 (I I iii re22) tempo, e.g. retr. l. Rf6-fl Rgl-hl * I{hite rnates in 3 "The Double Crossing" 2. Ba7-b8 Qff-e8 3. BbS -a7 Double opposition of 1. KfZ e4 Z. Rhlt. Not 1. 000 etc Qe8-ff at ff, e8. because of oppositicn of Sh?/fS Qg8/Rff, QgBlBbS passing Be8/d7 lc9 and Rb8/c8. D 1161 {16 iii 19t7}n Eskilstuna Kuriren D 1156 (12 ii l9l7)rt I27l (9 ix 1922) lt{agy,ar Sakln,ilag, tr185 (ix 1927) cr,{'Rt:, 151 (1937) Tower in Two Ways" "A "The Double Exil"

(i) fr{rhite mates in I (ii) G3/c7 at al/c6 atttl sufire

In both l. 000$ as K/R need not move against the double opposition in the 'try' l. Se6-g7 Bcl -d2 2. Sc5-e6 Bd2-cl 3. Sb3-c5 Bg8-h7 4. Sc 1-b3 Bh7-gS I{,hite mates in I 5. c2-1{S) Bcl -dZ 6. b3 xQcZ d2-3 trYlrite ffiates in 2

page 6 RETRO-OPPOSITIOI{ l. Sd3tt l*{ot l. 00f because of D 1435 (17 ii I9I8)n D 1166 (25 xi 19l8)n I#R tempo, e.g. retract l. Rc7-c6 Css, 316 (19 xi 1922) Eskilstuna Kuriren Qbs -a6 2. Rc6-c7 Qa6-b5 976 {2 x I92A) 3. Rc7-c6 Qa7-a6 4. Rc6-c7 Dedicated to Dr Alje/s Hoeg Qb8-a7 5 . Rc7-c6 Rg l-h I * 6. Rc6-c7 Qc7-bS 7. {7-6 Qd8-c7, etc, unpinnittg Sb4 by a to c3. Single opposition of Qa6/Rc6 with double block at c6lc7 .

D l4l2 (t 1 iv I9l7) Fairyt Chess Review 6599 (xii I915) White mates in I 1. Pc5 xPb5 e.p.f Last moves ffi. 1. b7-5 h7-3 ?. b6xRa5 etc. Not Rentovs {}tlg I4r tngn ,ro ffi, 1. b6-5, leading to perpetual retro. F{'may pla.r- nnd rnate in I Block of passage square b6 to ffi* Pawn of same colour. Remove WQ and RgS$ Relief of Black retrostalemate by allorving

l] 1,t64 (24 xi t I t 8)n uncapture on line of check: last yn moves Kg-h8, [i/e s t e D ai I v h,{ e r c u r v. R*BS4f.. 21re (tl ii rere) W Cfir.ssfi's Fairy Tales, 5S (1917)

W&ite mates in I D 1167 {27 xi 19l9)n L'A$ieri di Re t . Kd2$. Not I . 000f because of r32 Q0 ii re22) tempo to alter opposition in Bh5 passing Rf5l4 or Re6/7 on rvay to unpromote at a/c9.

fr 1126 fi I ii l9l8)r: Eskilstuna Kuriren e78 (2 x 1920) fredicated to Dr ft{iet.s Hoeg Add tr$rhite Knight so that lf rnay play and mste in I

Add Sb3 and QasI. Not S on any Black square, e.g" dZ (for caf) Add I,tlB so that because of no tempo, e.g. retract lF'rnqy plat,, and ffiate in I l. Bh7-s6 Sfi -dz 2. Bg8-h7 Sh4-fi 3. Bh7-gB Sg6-ha Add Bd7 for e?f . Not Bc8 for lack 4. BgB -h7 Sh8-g6 5. Bh7-gs of tempo, e.g" retract l. Sff-hS [Tempo*] 6. Bg6-h7 h7-8(S) Bd7-cB 2. Sh6-ff Bc8-d7 7. Bh5 -96 h6-7 8. Bg6-h5 h5-6. 3 . Sg8-h6 Bd7-c8 1. Se7-g8 etc. Single opposition of added [Tempon] 5. Sc8-e7 and pass€s otl tr$'hite mates in 3 SlBg6 at h7 at moment of to h5, freeing Rg6. Single unpromotion. opposition of Bc8/ShS at c8. l. Pg5xPf5 e.p.f Sc2 2. B*c2f . Last moves 1. ff-5 c2xBb3t The dedicatees of problems 1981 and 183?. A. Lundkvist and 2. Kf5-g6 K-g8 3. Q-h6f. etc. Line F. Lindgren, were successivs editors of the column in the Snedish cover of b3-g8 to allor\t uncapture newspaper Eskilstuna Kuriren rn r,l'hich many of Dar,vson's retros l\Gre against adverse King. first published. Most other dedicatees are mentioned in the Introduction.

page 7 RETRO-OPPOSITIOhI

D l17l {5 xii I9t9)n l. Kdzf . Not I. 000f because of e7-8(Q) I I . g7 -6 e6-7 12. gs-4 fl&e,ss Am.ateuy, F37 1920) {t,i single opposition in SgS unpinning e5-6 13. 96-5 e4-5 and Black is in Caissa's trViltl Roses, I I3 (1935) Rfz" this Rook to reach e8, against retrostalemate. B-y* retractittg 3... Lovinglv inscrihed to my wife Bd8-e7-f8. Rgl-hl* instead of Sa6-bB we have 14. a6-5 e3-4 15. e4xd3. etc. l) 1502 (25 iii I9I9)n Single opposition of Sb8/Sa8 at x"drodni Listy, RI (22 t:ii 1928) a6ld2. blocking Pa5. "The Double Oscillator-f" D 1510 fl I v 1919) fairy'^ f--/ress Ret,iew, 7062 (xii 1916)

trfhite mates in I I. Pe5 xPds e.p.*. Last moves 1. d?-s Sd5-e3f 2. Se3-s4t s4*Sf5f 3. Sd6-f5t. Block of passegs sq. d6 to S af same colour. tr$'hite mates in 2

1483 l} {27 i l9I9)t} 1. Ke2f . Not l. 00t because of fr{hite wins Eskilstuna Kuriren, 977 x f 920) {2 I#R tempo, e.g. retract t . t7 xSe6 l. Ke2t Rbl 2. R*blf . Not Caissa"s Wilt{ ftases, t05 ft935} Se5-e6 2, Kcl-bl Sfi-g5 3. RdZ- l. 000* as last moves, from Dedicated to Dr.h'ie/s Haeg apart d3 Rgl-hl* 4. Rd3 -dZ Sd2-f3 I{/QR may have been 1. Rb6-b5 5. Ba?-bB 2.. Rb5-b6 Bb8-a7t Ral-2, etc. Single opposition 3. Rc5-b5 Ba7-b8 4. Rc4-d5 compounded of uncaptured Knight Bb8-a7t 5. Rd4-c4 Ba7-b8, etc, in against Rd3 and Kbl at d7. perpetual retro.

l) 1507 (10 v 19I9Jr-t D l5I1 {l6v l9I9)n Eskilstuna Kuriren Tidskrift, Ii2 6', 1921) I0l6 (18 xii 1920) "The Twice Pin" "The Knight's Dilemma"

f,{' retracts last *tot,e and mates in l Retract l. Bc3-h8 (and BS7$) preceded by Kg7-fB Bbz/b4xc3t, etc.

t 1501 ft1 iii ler9) Fairy C&es'.s Review, 5017 (xii ] 911)

{,{,hite rnstes in l W'hite rnates in I I . Rfl $. Not 1. 00* because af I Rcl because . f . Not l. 00* of I{/R tempo, o.g. retract 1. Se5-g6 IffR tempo, e.g. retract l. Sb6-aB Bcl -dZ 2. Sc4-e5 Rgl-hlt Sb8-a6 Sa6-b8 2. Sc8-b6 3. Sd2-c4 a2-3 4. Sn-dZ Se2-g3 3. Sd6-cB Sa6-b8 Se4-d6 4. 5. Se3-flt Bd2-cl 6. h5 xRe4 Bfil-d2 5. Sd2-eat Be5-f:l 6. 96-5 Scl -eZ 7. h6-5 Sd3-cl 8. h7-6 Bh8-e5 7. ss-4 h7-8(B) I, s4-3 White mates in 2 Sf2-d3 9. Sh5-93. etc. Single h6-7 h7xQe6 g6-s 9. Qe8-g6 10. opposition of Bd2/Sg6, d2. page I RETRO.OPPOSITIOhi

1515 19 t, I 919)n ( l) { D 1568 11 xii I9I9)n Set: Sd6f . Retract Se5-ff and Eskilsh,tna Kuriyen Pittsburgk Post 951 (28 xii 1921) Bd3f . Not retraction of K to e7, 861 ii 1920) Sure {7 "Making of It" G8, g8 or of Bf2 to gl, all pinning In d'fertror]) of J. Allander Sf7. F{ot PxS, b5, b7, d7 all " The Triple Home-coming" stopping mate.

D 162l (29 viii I92A) Foiry Chess Review, 5213 (viii 1912)

IF'retracts last move and mates in 2

Itr'hite mates in 2 Retract Sb5-a3 (preceded by b3-2 Sc3-b5f etc) and mate in 2 bv l, Kd2f . I.{ot 1. 000t because of 1. Sb5 -a3. retrostalemate after tr5'ing to l$'hite mates in 2 retract: 1. Bd5-g2 Ba7-b8 D 1577 (r0 i te20) 1. Kd2f Qfl z. R*fl*. Not 7. Bc4-d5 Bb8-a7 3. Ba6-c4 Fairy'^ C&ess Revietv, 5075 (ii 1912) l. 000t etc because of single Ba7-b8 4. Bb7-a6 Bb8-a7 opposition in getting Sfl for Ke2 5. Bc8-b7 Ba7-b8 6. b7-6 Bd4-a7 and their Bgl. 7. Kgl-hl Bc3-d4 8. Khl-91 Bd2-c3 9. Kgl-hl Bcl-d2 D 1622 {29 viii t920) 10. Khl-Sl dJxBe3 I 1. Bd4-e3 Fairv- C--/ze.ss Ret,ietu, 5322 (x 1912) c5-6 12. Bf6-d4 c4-5 13. Be7-f6 c3-4 14. Bf8-e7. Wlrite in retrostalemate, one morre too late for e?xSd6 to free K-corner.

l{&ite rnates in l l) 1sr6 (21v 19t9) Fairy fllress Review l . Rfl *, Not l . 00f . Single 7490 {xii 1947) opposition in Sh6 unpromoted at 98 (for h6*Sg7) against BfBlgT.

l|fhite wircs D 1527 (3I viii 19 I9)n 1. Sd2t QbI z. . Not l. 00f l{atal A{ercnry, 2953 (}1 i I92l} Qxblf because of oppositian in try{ng Caissa's lf ild Roses, 101 {f %5) 1. Be8-d7 a6-7 2. a7xsb6 Sd5-b6 3. Bd7-e8 Se3-d5 4. Rf2-c2 Sc2- e3t 5. Rf5-fZ a5-6 6. Rd5-f5 a.X-5 ffiffi 7. Be8-d7* f5-6 8. Rd8-d5 f4-5 fft' ffi f,ft, 9. Bd7-eB fi-4 10. Ra8-d8 f2-3 11. Bc8-dT one turn too late for d7 " c6. Itrhite rnates in I The editor has used the stipulation 'White wins' lvhen- Opposition in obtainittg Be2 to fl, ever the illegal try play is of Pe2xBd3, Bd3 to c8,, Pd7 xSe6 and ffiffiffiffi different length to the solution. Se6 to dl to unpin Bbz to for cl The original stipulation \nras tr$'retracts last mtsve and ffiates in I So 1. 1. . Qdl-b3. Kf2t.Not 00f 'White mates in tn'o'.

page 9 RETRO-OPPOSITION 1621 (30 D viii 1920)n I. Rhs-fs h6-7 2. Rh2-h5 Sfl -dz 7 . Sd2-flf Bb3 -a4 L e6-5 Se5-fi I$,'e s t e r n L,'{ o rn irg A'elr.'s an d A,,I e r c u r.v 3. Rd2-h2f Sh2-fl 4. ss-4 Sg4-hZ unpromoting at a8 for Pa7 to a4, 2767 (24 xii I92l) 5. e6-5 Se5 -94 6. $ -6 Sd7-e5 one turn too late; or if Black {lsissr's l,Yild ftoses, I I7 ff 935} 7. Sb6-d7 8. f5-4 Sa4-b6 Knight goes via b3 (to save "Home Sweet Horne" 96-5 e4-e3) e. Sdl -bz Sb2-aaf 10. Sf2-dl he is in opposition to WB and loses h5-6 I l. Sh3-fZ h4-5 12. Se I -h3 the tempo. h3-4 I 3. g2-1(S) h2-3 14. h3 x Se2 Sfi1-92 15. h4-3 Se6-fi1 16. h5-4 D 1629 (i5 ix 1920) Sc7-e6 17. h6-5 Sa8-c7 18. h7-6 A,{sn che ster Tfe ekfu Time s a7-8{S} 19. f6-5 a6-7 20. f7-6 (25 xii 1920) a5-6, Black in retrostalemate, one C/ress ,4mateur (ii I92l) move too late for a4-5 a5 xb4 ...

o 1626 {3 I viii f 920} Fairyt Chess Review s139 (ii re13) {'{rhite $tste.r in } l. Rdl. Not l. 000 because of retrostalemate after retracting: 1. Kd?-cB Bf7-e8t 2. Kd6-d? Be8-ff 3" Kc5-d6 p[xRgs 6. Sd7-fB e3 xRfit 7 Rf5-g5 . I,{rhite ffiates in l Bg5-h6 8. RfS-fs Bf6-g5 9. Rh8-f8 Bc3-f6 10. Rf8-fil l. Bn*. Not l. 000f because of I Bd2-c3 1. Se5-d7 Bd7-e8 opposition betrveen Sd4 covering 12. Rb8-fB xee6 Bct-d2 13. {t at fZ and Bh4 sscaps via e3 to bS. 14. Kb4-c5 Qd3-g6 Qdl-d3 I,trthite mates in I 15. Sg6-e5 d2xBe3 16. Bc5-e3 I . Ke2$. Not I . 00$ because of l) 1631 {tT ix I92A) Bc8-d7 17. Bf8-c5 Bd7-cB i opposition in trying 1. Sf?-hB Iia ryt C--/ress Rev i et+, 18. e7-e6 Bh3-d7 Kc5-b4 5569 (vi 1913) 19. Ba4-b3 2. Sh6-f/ Bb3 -a4 Bfl-h3 20. Kd6-c5 g2*8fi 3. Sf5-h6 Ba4-b3 4. g4-3 Bb3-a4 ?1 . Bg4-ff h4-5 22. Bc8-g4, White 5. Se3-f5 Ba4+3 6. Sfl-g3 Sf3-dz in retrostalemate, one move too late for d7xc6. T, R" Dar,Ison's Retro-

D 1623 (3 I viii 1920)r: Analysis Compositions : Eskilstuna Kuriren, t3l9 (20 i 1923) The index of his collection {in "The Gullopude" the British Chess Problem Sociefv Library) lists 849 retros, classified under the code 314 as follows: 3l4l Retros 'per se' (88), Whte ffiates in I 3l4Z Retractors {65}, I Ke2f I 3143 PxP e.p. {25 l}, . . Not . 00f because if 3144 tllegal castling {134r, 1. Sc5 -a6 Ba7-bB 2. Se4-c5 3145 Ilegal e.p. (7,, Bb8-a? 3. Sg3 -e4 Ba7-b8 3L46 Constructive. i.e. 4. Se2-g3 Bb8-a7 5. Sg I -eZ Adding of pieces (78), Ba7-b8 6. h?xegl(S) efl-gl 3147 Correct illegalities (10), 7 . h3-2 Qe2-fl 8. h4-3 Qe4-e2 f,I,hite mates in ] 3 I 48 Retro-Opposition ( I I ll.. 9. h5-4 Qa8-e4 10. h6-5 Bb8-a7* g7*Ph6 3L49 Partial Analysis {26), lt. a7-8{Q) 12. e6-5 a6-7 I . Ke2f . Not I . 00f because of 3140 Conditional (7S). 13. d7-6 a5-6 14. a6xsb5 S-b5 retrostalemate after retracting one turn too late to free a3 or b3. pags l0 RETRO-OPPOSITION D 1632 {19 ix }92{}}n D 1636 (21 ix 19201n I . Rfl $. Not I . 00f because of St enska Daghlac{et Skakblsdet, Ft3 {vi 1923) K/R tempo, e.g. retract l. Rd2-c2 840 t,iii }926} Caged Rook" {15 "The Sb3-al 2. Rc2-d2 Sd4-b3 Dedicated to trtr'. Pauly, 50th yenr 3. RdZ-c2 Sf5-d4 4. Rc2-d2 Se3-f5 .'Three Cfli,tts" 5. Rd2-c2 Sdl-e3 6. Rc2-d2 Rgl-hlt 7. Rcl -c? c2-3 8. Ral-cl and unpromotes. etc. Single opposition Sal/Rc2, dl, c1.

D 1657 {3t xii 1920)n Eskilstuna Kuriren 1759 {18 vi 1927) '*Ths Cross Pin" lfrhite rnates in 2

White wins l. Ke2f . It{ot l. 00t because af K/R tempo, e.g. retract l. e6xsd5 l. Rxc2t. not l. 00f because of Sf:1-d5 2. Rd2-d3 Se2-f:1 three K/R tempos. e.g. retract 3. Rd3 -dZ Rgl-hl* 4. Re3-d3 l. Rc3 -cZ h5-6* 2. Rc2-c3 Sc3 -a4 d3-4, and Rook goes tc 88, etc 3. e6-5 Sd5-c3 1. Rc3-c2 Sb4-d5 Single opposition of uncaptured 5. Rc2-c3 h4-5* 6. Rc3-c2 Sc2-b4 Knight rvith Rd3 at e2, e3. 7. e7-6 Sa3 -cZ 8. Rc2-c3 Rfl-hl* 9. Sc3-bl Sbl-a3t 10. Se2-c3 D 1656 (27 xii 1929,;i h3-4 I I . Sg r-e} (S) h2-3 r2. s}-l Tidskrift, 6531 {viii 1923} llhite mates in I a4-5 13. g3-2 a3-4 14. g4-3 g3xFt "One Key to the Lock" etc. Double opposition Sa4lRc2 at I . Qfl l. Not I . 000f because of c2 and c3. I{JR tempo, e.g. retract 1. Bg2-fi Sf2-d3 2. Bfl -gZ Rbl-alt J} 1635 (2 ix 1920)r: I 3. Bg2-fl Sh5-g3 etc. Single L'Eclaireur du Soir opposition af Sd3/Bfi at n. 92. 690 (22 xii 1925) "Encore d Contre Temps"

s 1658 {3 I xii 1920) Fairy Chess Review, 5637 {viii 1913)

White ffiGte,s iu I

Other u'orks containing selections of T. R. Dawson's retroanalltical compositions include : Retrograde Analysis l{,'hite mates in 2 1915 (68 by Darvson), 1. Rdlt. Not 1. 0001 because of Caissc s' Wild ftoses 1935 ICR tempo, e.g. retract l. Bh6-g5 {79i, Csissa ,s futd ^&oses in Se3 -cZ 2. Bg5-h6 Sg,t-e3 Clusters 1937 (36). Csissa s l$hite mates in I 3. Bh6-g5 Sf2-ga 1. Bg5-h6 Fairy Tales 1947 ( 14), Rbl-al* 5. Bh4-g5 bZ-3 6. Bg3-h4 Schcch ohne Grenzen/Chess 1. Rfl $. ltlot 1. 00t because of Se4-f2 7 . Bh2-g3t. and B goes to {Jnlimited, K. Fabel &, C. E. opposition of 8f,5/96. Sg8/h6 in c1, unpromoting, stc. Single Kemp 1969 (12). disengaging f5 for Kf5-f,1, opposition of Sc2/Be5 at fZlh4. Sc2-e3t. Rf?l-e4t, etc.

page I I RETRO.OPPOSITIOI..I

l) 1659 (3 I xii 1920)n 1. Rdl f . Not t. 00* because of In main-play Se3 is replaced by D e u tsch e s I{ro ch e n s ch a clt opposition in Black Knights Black Se3 and then by White Se3, r6877 (t5 iii r92s) unpinnmg Se3 against Bf2/g1. and finally Black Knights going to Dedicated to E. Busekist d2, eZ fail by one tempo at third D 1661 {s i re2r} unpin on e3. Double opposition Fairy Chess Review, 5713 (x 1913) among Knights &8, e3/e7, 94 compounded with Bdz.

Eskilstuna Kurireyt 1570 (23 v I92s) "Church&Stste-1"

tr{,hite mates in 2 l. Kf2f . Not l. 00t because of frfhite mates in I retrostalemate after retractittg 1. Qb l-sZ Sgl-fi 2. Rc2-c3 l. Rfl f . Nct l. 00f because of Slr3-gl 3. Rc3 -eZ Sfi+-h3 opposition of unpinned Se5 and 4. Rc2-c3 Sds-fit 5. Rc3 -cZ WQ. Try: l. a4-3 Sc?-eB 2. a5-4 Qal -aZ 6. Rc2-c3 Sc3-d5 Sa8-c7 3 . a6-5 Sb6-a8 4. a7 -6 7. Qa2-b I Sb I -caf 8. Rc3 -*2 g3-4 Sd7-b6 5" Sc6-e5 Se5-d?f I''r'hite mates in I 9. Kc2-cl Rdt-dzt 10. 96-5 6. Sb4-c6 Qel-h2 7. Sa2-b4 Sd2-b I I 1. Qb L-aZ Se4-d2 Qlr2-gl 8. Sc3 -aZ QSI -h2 l. Rfl *. Not 1. 00* because of 12. Qcl-bl Sf2-e4 13. Qe3-c1 9. Sdl-c3 Qhz-gl 10. Sf2-dl and I#R tempo, e.g. retract 1. Bb2-cl Rbl-dl 14.Qe5-e3 Sdl-f2 WQ is not placed for Qfl-gl. Sa3-bl 2. Bal-bz Sbl-a3 3. a2-l 15. Qh6-g5 Qa2-al 16. Qcl-h6 (B) Rgl-hlt 4. a3-2 f5-6, etc. Ral-bl 17 . Qb l-cl Sf2-dl t 166s (7 i re?rln Single opposition componnded of X [{. Ke I -c2f Sd I -f2 19. Rc?-c3 T.iclskyift, Fl (v 1921) Sbl/Bcl, RH, with block of Pf6. Sf2-dl 2a. Fldz-c} Sdl -f2 L-aissa',s I,{;ild Roses, 127 $935} 21 . Kc2-cl. White in retro- Dedicated to Dr &?e/s Hoeg's Tyollschack stalemate or perpetual retro, one L'olttmn r) 1667 (9 i rezt) Thrice Pin" movs short of Kc3 -c2, etc. "The Eskilstuna Kuriyen $0 xi 1928) "A Wavering King - I'

D 1663 (2 i rezr) Aftonbladet 799 {28 xii I%A) nClosing the Doors"

trlrhite retrocts \a-st tnove

Retract Bel -dZ (no mate). Not White mates in I retract 000 (no mate) because of K/R tempo with several 1. Ke2f . Itiot l. 000f because of variations depending on how White opposition in Se4 playing to gl and Black Knights unpin Se3 and with Black Khl for cover of WQ if l$hite mstes in I Sg4 by play on c I " d2, e2, s3, 94. fJ xQe2.

page Lz RETRO-OPPOSITION

r 1668 {r0 i }920) D 1673 (t9 i re2r) D r67s (22 i re2I) Cas, 330 (8 x 1922) Fairy (-lhess Review t;airy; (-fte-ls Review version 233 (I i 192) 5775 (xii 1943) 5899 (iv 1911)

I|hite mates in 2 tr{hite mates in I White mates in I

l. R"g? a{d Rh*g8f . Not 1...000 I . Rfi $. Not I . 00f because of l. Kd2f . Not l. 00$ because of because of opposition between Sg8 opposition in 1. Sb3-al Qd3-d2 opposition of Rc3 and uncaptured (unpinned by WS uncaptured at 2. Sa5-b3 Qd2-d3 3. Sc6-a5 Black Knight. Try: l. d4-3 e4xsf5 c5) and White Rooks. Qd3-d2 4. Se7-c6 Qd2-d3 2. Sg3-f5 e3-4 3. Se4-g3 Rd3(c2) 5. Sfs -e7 Qd3-d2 6. d6-5 -c3 4. Sd2-eaf Rc3-c2(d3) and l) 1669 {IJ t 192 l)n (opposition tempo is not here Black B cannot come out. Eskilstuna Kuriyen this opens d5) Qd2-d3 7. d7-6* I 112 (22 x I92l) oKnighf Sd5-e3 8. Se3-f5t Sc7-d5 9" e7-6 D 1676 {22 i tezr} 's ,Sgr fi?e Inhospitalityt" Sa6-c7 10. a4-3 Sb8-a6 I l. a5-4 Problemist Fairy Chess b7-8{S} lZ. a6-5 b6-7 13. a7-6 Supplentsytrt, 57 (xii f %0) I st Pr, Retro b5-6 14" 96-5 b4-5 one turn too Tv late for b2-4, b3*c2. etc.

D 1671 (20 i rezI) Fairy Chess Reviev, rtersion 5836 (iit'it, 1914)

White mates in I

1. Rdl*. Not l. 000* because of tr{''hite mates in I K/R tempo, e .9. retract l. Bh2-gl Qgl-f}. 2. g7-6 Qf2-gl 3. Sg6-hs 1. Qdl f . Not I . 00* because of QsUn 4. Sf8-g6 Qf2-el 5 Sh?-fB opposition Ermong the four Knights, QeL-fz 6. Sg5 47 Qf2-el Qaa/b3, Ra4/5, Kc}fl and Rbllcl. 7.Sh3-g5 Rbl-al* 8. Sgl-h3 If it were Black's move, we could Sd5-e3 9. Se2-glf " etc. Single White rnates in 2 resolve the tangle by retracting opposition compounded of l. Sh4-f3 g7-6 2. Sg2-ha Sg6-hS Qf2lBgl. Sh8, at gl. 1. Rdlf Ke8 2. QxcS*. Not 3. Se3-gZ Sh4-g6 4. Sdl-e3 Sf5-h4 l. 000f etc because of opposition 5. Qb3 -a4 Sg3-f5 6. Qaa-b3 The index to Dalson's retros of uncaptured White K"ight and Sfl-g3 7. Se4-d2 Sd2-flt 8" Sc5- has 78 gaps, coffesponding to Kd8/e8. Try: 1. g4-3 h5-6 e4 Kc2-c I 9 . Sb3-c5f Rc I -b I blank diagrams (including 23 in 2. Ke8d8 h4-5 3. h5xSe4 Sh6-ga 10. g3-4 Kb l-e} and say I l. Se3- the R-O section) other so 4. Kd8-e8 Sf5-h6 5. Ke8-d8 dl Sdl-bzt 12. Sc5-b3 Rc2-cl 13. examples may y'et come to Sd4-f5 6. Kd8-e8 Ra2-al * Sf5-e3, etc, without disturbing WK light. 7. Ke8-d8 Se6-d4 8. Sd6-c8 etc. or R. [Text fromPfCS.l

page 13 RETRO-OPPOSITIOIli

D 1677 (2s i rezt) D l7l7 (1 ix I92llr: D l7l9 (5 ix I92l)rt fairy'^'Chess Revieu,, 5991 (vi 1911) Eskilstuytn Kuriren, 1572 {23 v Ig25) Esl;i/sfutrdt Kuriren "Church & ffime-III,, I57t {23v I92s) "Church&State-fI"

I,{thite usins l*'hite m.ates in 3 1. B*b2f Q*bZ 2. Q*b2f . Not Iilhite mates in 3 l. 00f because of opposition. Try: l. e6 F,.h4t 2. Kxh4 3, QbSf 1. Rc2-3 Rgl-hlf 2. FtdZ-cZ h5-6 and not 7. 00 because of K/R l. d6 Ra4t 2. KxR stc, and not 3. Qc2-bl h4-5 4. Qc3-c2 h3-4 tempo, e.g. retract I . Bc2-b I 2. 000 because of KIR tempos. 5. Kc2-c1 t:0-3 6. Sdl -bZ Bb2-a3 Sfl -tr? 2. Bdl-c} Sh2-fl 3. Be2-dl If W moved last, play could have 7. KbL-cZ Qa3-a2t and b,v zigzag Sfl -hZ 4. a7-a6* Sh2-fl 5. Bfl -eZ been: l. Scl -aZ Bb2-al 2. Sa2-cl play rve extricate Sdl via 83, WB b5-6 6. Bg2-fl Sfl -hz 7. Bhl -sZ Bcl -bZ 3. g5-6 Bd2-cl and covsrs and Q via e3, and release a3-4. Sh2-fl 8. RgS- h88 Sfl -hz at a7 to free \ryK or: l. Scl -a2 9.h7-1(B) b4-5, etc. Double aT-l(B) etc. Single- opposition of

D 1678 {2s i re2r} opposition of SM/Bbl at fl, h2. SaZlBal tr,r'ice. at a2- cl . Fair"y* ()hess Review, 2213 (ii IgJ6) Caissa's Wild.Ro,res l] 1718 (5 ix l9llln D r71l Q9 x I92I) gST) in Clttsters,l ST # Eskilstuna Kuriretr, 1303 (2 xii t92Z) Fairy Chess Revieu, ht A,'{ernory af C. I{. Fox C ai ssa's F{i I d Ro,qs.s' 6059 {viii 1911) "Breaking Threads" in Clus|ers, 155 (1937) "The Double Exit"

f{rhite helps Black mate in 2 trtrlhite mates in 3 tr$'hite retracts lfrst move l. Q*h; Qa2 ? Rfi Qd2*. Not 1. Rxa3 2. Sb3f 1. Q"ca . Not or l. 00 Be3 t 2. Kh2 R*h6$ because 2. 00f because of two consecutive of BcIAMS opposition in the try: oppositions Retract Sd5-b4. Play Sf6*. Not retract rvith entirell, different 1. Be3-cl Sbz-dl Z. Bgl-e3 00 (for FJrS*) because of KIR tempo. actors: ( 1) Qb3, 8a3., Ra4; (2) Sc4-b2 Be3-g e.g. retract 1. 00 Rc6-c7 2. 3. I Sa5-c4 4. Ral, Qb1, Kcl, Sd2. Retractions: QdS-e8 Rc7-c6 3. f2-3* Rc6-c7.1" Bcl-e3 Sc6-a5 5. Bb2-cl Se7-c6 1. Rb4-a;1 Rb3-b4 QcT-dS Qaa-b3 2. 6. 7 Bc I f5-,1 5. QbS-c7 Rc7-c6 d. QaT-bS Qa2-gB Sg8-e?t . -b2* Bb4-a3 3. Ra3-b3 Qb3 -a4 4" Rc6-c7 7. Qa6-a7 Rc7-c6 8. Qb5-af b5-6 8. Qbr-a2 b4-5 e. b}-l(Q) Ra4-a3 Ba3-b4 cplically. always Rc6-c7 9. Rgl-hl* Rc7-c6 10. a2-3 10. b3-2 Rhz-hl 11. a4xBb3 r,vith the opposition rwongly set for Qc6-b5 f6-5 I l. Qd5-c6 and on to d2, Bdl+3 L2. a5-4 Be2-dl 13. Ba3- a3-2. solution [Full occupies half a etc. Double opposition of QeSlRcT at cl Bfl -e2 14. Bb2-a3 e}xBd3 and page in the sources quoted c7 and c6. above.] Bd3 goes to cB for d7 -6.

page 14 RETRO-OPPOSITIO}I

D 1757 {t5 i re22} D 1787 (23 ti 1922) Retract Kal-aZ, 00. Play KdS Eskilstuna Kuyiyeyr Zadachi i Ltut{i, I"8l (iv 1929) Bc7$. Not Kb L-aZ because of 1893 (l xii 1928) double opposition in White K "The Wavering King - il" passing Black a c6ld7 at dl and h3 on way to c6.

D 1837 (9 x I922Sn Eskilsh,tna Kuyiren 1316 (11 it, 1923) Caissg's trtrrild Roses t I 2 {re3s) Dedicated to F. Lindgren "The Steeplechfrse" tr$,'hite rnates in I 1. Rfl *. lt{ot I . 00* because of White retracts his opposition in Sa8 unpinning Se6 last fttrve and helps against Bd8/e7. Black rnate in I l) 1788 (21 t'i 1922) Retract Kel, Kf2-gl for Fairr* {lhess Review, 6,130 (vi | 915) P xc 1{Q)f . Not retract 00, etc, because of opposition in WSaS trying to unpin Be3 or Scl, or covering at d2 for BK to unpin Scl (cf. 1667 and 1982). White mates in I

1. Pd5 xPc5 $.p.* Last movss l. c7-5 Sc5-d3f 2. Kc4-d4t Sc6-a5t 3. Sa5-b3t Sb3-c5f etc. Block of passags square cG to D 1766 {20 i re22) adverse Knight. The Problemist sr7 (iii t93{}} tr$'hite helps Black mate in l A. C. trtrhite's 1. Rbl PxbltQ)f. Not 1.000 Prohlems of |v{v Friends Pal (a)* because of opposition of l] 1861 {29 xi 1922} tse (resr) Black K crossing d8 ar g7 against F airy Chess Revieu, Qc3ld? ts unpin WQ. 7350 {viii 1917)

D l79l (28 vi 1922) The Problemist, 370 (v 1929) Hon h{ention. ?th Tv. Retros

I'{'hite mates in I Ii' yefi"acts aftd plavs 000 l. Rflf. Not l. 00f because of double opposition in try l. Rff-e7 Retract Qg l-fl {rvhich leaves Sc8-a7 2. Re7-ff e2-3 3. Rff-e7 Black free for R#e5-d5) for 000. Se7-c8 4. c3-Z Sf5 -e7 5. Re?-ff W'r has j'r,ttst fitoved into check! Not f5-6, because of opposition Retract. Then Bl retracts betwren BIK trying to cross d3 to Sh6-f5 6. c4-3 Sf?-h6 j snd helps tr!'mate in e4 to free Rd5 against WQSl/fl . retrostalemate .

page 15 RETRO-OPPOSITION

D 1862 (29 xi 1922) D 1866 {6 xii 1922) for unpromation at h8, releasing Fairy'* Cfre-ss .Reviel,r , 8110 (xii 1919) Eskilstuna Kr,u iren h5 *g4) but Black is in 2706 {2e iii } e39} retrostalemate. "The Footpath"

D 1964 {13 r, 1923)n !{arodny Lis-tv-, R2 (22 vii 1928) "The Double Oscillator - fi"

ttr' retyacts snd helps BI rnate in I

Retract Rd2-dl, Play Rc2, Qxat (3 Bl R) Bl help,r itr'mate in 2 Not retract 000 because of deferred opposition in BK trying to reach l. Rg8 BhSt 2. Kf7 P*g6$. Not 00 KhB because b3, rvith Qhl at g1, for Qe2-fl, l. f6 2. flf of tr$'ho rnates in j ? Qe3-glt. BK ma)'lose a tempo on double opposition in WK passing fit-e3-e4 but must cross d3 when h5 and entering e6 against Bfi196. Black, bl{S)*. Not White (R* a7I') WQ is at fl. because of lack of tempo, s.g. D 1962 (17 v Ig23) retract l. Sh4-gZ h2-3 2. Sg6-h4 Chess Amateur (Last Fairy) D 1915 {7 iii 19231: Rc6-c7 3. Sh8-g6! Rc7-c6 Fl7i0 (vi 1930) Ches,r Amateur, F621 {xi } 9}1} 4. Sf?-hB Rb8-a8 5. Sg5-ff Caissa's l,{;ild.Rose.s, I 29 I 935} Cai.rsa s trairy Tales, 25 {1917) { Ra8-b8 6. Sh3-g5 Rc6-c7 fred. to the prizewinners of K. Fabeli' Am Rancle cle.s 7 . Sel-h3 Rc7-c6 8. e2-1(S) the Kltiver-Thenre Retro Tv Schachhretts (l917) Schach ohne (jrenzen ( 1969) [Tempo*l 9. h3 xSg2 Sel -gZ To mv dear P?'ifn "Three Kisses" 10. h4-3 Sd3-et I l. h5-4 Se5-d3 12. f5-4 Sc6-e5 13. Bb8-a7 Sa7-c6f 14. f6-5 Rc6-c7 15. Bc7-b8 Rb8-aB 16. Bd8-c7 Rc7-c6 17. Be?-dg Rc6-c7 18. Bf8 *7 Rc7-c6 19, e7 xQd6 Qdl-d6 20.{l-6 d6-7. etc. Single opposition compounded of Ra8, Rc?/S92, at c6. b8.

D 1965 1923)n {i) Retract last ftrove aftd mate in I ft1v Essetter Anzeiger {ii) Retract 23 moves and mate in I 511 (11 iii re26) {iii} Ral at a3 and as in (i) I,{tho tvins? Pendulum" ti) Retract Bd3-h7 for Pe4$ (Set: "The Black b3,' l.."Rxc6. Not White Sd3f ). (ii) Retract 1. Bd3-h7 s6-5 12 1. a8{Q}t 7. Bc4xPd3 g7-6 3. a6-7 d4-3 14 by s*Qt KxB z. 4. a5-6 d5-4 5. a4-5 d6-5 6. a2-4 K*Q 3. Kc7t. due to triple opposition in retractions: 1. Sh6-gS a3 xRb2 7 . Sd5-e7 a4-3 8.Sc3-d5 Rf5-f6 2. Sg8-h6 a5-4 9. Qcl-dl a6-5 10" Sdl-c3 c4-5* 3, Sf6-gS a7-6 11. Sd3-el Kel-fl lZ. Sb4- c3-4 4" Se4-f6 Rf6-f5 5. Sc5-e4 d3t and norv Sc3f (Set: Sd3f). Rf5-f6 6. Se4-c5 c2-3* 7 . Sc5-e4 Sf6-d7 8. Sd7-c5f Sg8-f6 {iii} Retract 1. Bd3-h7 {preceded 9. Rf6 -f7 a new 'oscillator' by 96-5 2. Bc4xPd3 g7-6 3. Sh6-g8 10. Rfl/-f6 Sg8-h6 I Rf6-f/ Ka2-bl d4-3 4. Qal-dl d5-4 5. l. Sh6-g8 12. a5-4* Sff-h6 (aiming Kbl-az d6-5 6. Sd3-e1. etc.) l{''ho nrates in I ?

page L6 RETRO-OPPOSITION Black by Sc3g. Not White by Black, RcStff . It{ot White Sxd6 D 1970 (20 v Ig23)n R*Bf because of opposition etc, because of lack of tempo, e.g. A{agtar Saklil,ilag, FlBd (ix IgIZ) betr,leen Black K and Rc7lc6 in retract 1. Se3 -c4 Ke8-dg Z. Sd5-e3 "Ttto Towers in the Woy, unpinning Sa7. Kd8-e 8 3. Sf6-d5 Ke8-dB 4. Sg8-f6t Kd8-eB 5. Sh6-g8 t 1966 fi7 v IeZ3) Ke8-d8 6. Rf6-f7 Kd8-eB 7. d3-4t Fair"y Chess Revieu, Ke8-dB 8. Sf7-h6 KdB-eB 4406 xi 1939) {28 e. Sh8-f7* Ke8-d8 10. hT-B{S) Caissa's Fairy; Tales, gS (Iglf) Kd8-e8 I I. h6-7 Ke8-d8 tZ. h5-6 "Andromedo" Kd8-eB 13. h4-5 h5 x Se4 14. Sh6-ga Ke8-d8 15. Sf/-h6 h6-5 16. Sd8-ff h7-6 17. Qc8-bT Bb7-a6. etc. Double opposition of Sc4/Kd8 at f6, e8 and f7, dt f'trrhite mates in I compounded with Rf7. I " Rfl $ Not 1. 00$ because of D 1969 (19 v 1923)n tna I{/R tempos, e.g. retract Harnb urgi sche Corre spondent I. Rc6-c5 Sf3-h2 2" Rc5-c6 131 (28 xii 1921) Sd4-fj (lais'sa's 3. Rc6-c5 Rc5-cd trfild.Roses, t 28 ftgSS) Rgl-hl* 4. "And drags at eflch reftrove Sc6-d4 5. h4-3 Sb8-c6 6. Rc6-cT It'ho v,ins? a lengthening chsin" Sa6-b8 7. Rc7-c6 g2-3* 8. Rc6-cT Black, 1... 2. Kxd5 Q*c7t S*f6f Sc7-a6 9. h5-4 Sa8-c7, etc. Double 3. Pxf6 Pe4t 4. Kxe4 e*c6t opposition of Sh2lRc5 and 5. Kd3 Qx c4.t and mate in 3. Last Sh2/Rc7 at c5 or c6 and c7 . moves must have been I. RfT-f6 Sf6-g8 choice of turn play {this to D 1973 (21 v I9Z3)n has set a I st opposition 'free in Svenska Daghladet, dBI (20 xii IgZ4) phase' Sg8/h6 cannot 'lose a 'Passing Ptns" movs' on Rff/f6 otherr,l'ise\ Z. c3-4 Sh5-f6 3. Rf6-fl Sg3-hi Sb4-c2 8. Rf7-f6 Sa6-b4 9. QdS -c7 Sc7-a6f 10. Qe8-dB Rm-f5 (second opposition) ll. cZ-3 ll,'ho mates in I ? Rf5-f6 12. Rf6-f7 a4-3 13. ef-eS White, B*c7*. Not Black a5-4 14. QSS-ff a6-S 15.Rff-f6 {Sxh7f) because of lack of tempo, s.g. just in time, and Vtre may retract 1. Ba7-b8 BbB-cT unpromote at hB to release h5 "g4. 2. Rc7-c6 Rc6-d6 3. f3-4 Rd6-e6 4. Re6-e7 Se4-g5 ReT-e6 I) 1967 (18 v 1923)r: 5. Se3 -e4 Re6 -e7 Svensks Dagbladet, 6IS (21 xii Ig2J) 6. Sf5-g3 7. ReT-e6 I,F'ho rnates in I ? "Two Checks in Passing,, Sh6-f5 8. Re6-e7 h4-3* 9. Re7-e6 Sf5-h6 10. Re6-e7 Se?-f5 Black, l. Sc7t. Not White I I . Sh6-gB Sg8-e7t 12. ReT-e6 (R*c6t) because of lack of tempo, Re6-d6 13. Sg4-h6 Rd6-c6 e.g. retract I . Rff-f6 Sgl -h3 14. Rc6-cT Bc7-b8 15. Se3-g4 2. Rf6-ff Sf3-gl 3. Rf7-f6 Sdz-fi Bb8-c7 16. Sc2-e3 BcT-bB 4. Rf6-f/ Sb3-d2 5. RfT-f6 Sa5-b3 LT . Sb4-c2 Bb8-c7 18. Sa6-b4 6. Sc5-b7 Sb7-ast 7. Rf6-f7 dZ-3* Bc7-b8 19. f2-3* BbB-cT 8.Rff-f6 Sf6 -d7 9. Sd7-c5t SeS-fd 20. Sc7-a6 h5-4 21. Sa8-c? 10. Rf6-fI Sh6-gB I l. Rff-fd Bc7-b8 22. Bb8-a7 h6-5 [Temponl 12. Rf6-ff Sf?-hd 23. a7-8{S) one move too late 13. c5-4 Sh8-f7, etc. Double because of lost tempo. Double opposition af Sh3/Rf6 and W'ho wins? opposition. Sb7Rf5 atb7, f6 and d7, f6.

page 17 RETRO-OPPOSITIOI.J

D 1974 (22 v 1923)n is unable to set both oppositions l) 1980 (21 v 1923) Tij clschri.ft v an de n nu e de r I atz ds ch e n correctll', so: 1. B*g6f h7*g6f fairy- Chess Revie\*, Sch$akbond 5028 (tiii 1928) (1... KfB 2. Qh6t) 2. Ke6 B*e4f 7r37 (ii r%7) Dedicated to J. Hartong 3. Rxg4. lrlot now 3...00. "Blandefing Bishops" "The Brtdge af Sighs" ICFTI

D 1976 (22 v 1923) F a i r)' c h e s s,f;t;,rtt,

Hott, nenr to hB trray lFho win.q? ,,Yi"i,Hil'{ri, White, Rd7ttf . Nat Black ( l. Rxb6f etc) because lack , of of l*'hite mates in 2 1. Bd6f Kff z. ReTf Ksg tempo, o.g. retract 1. Rf7-f6 3. RgTf . Not l. Rxf?l 00 2. f6 KhS Qd8-e8 2. Rf6-ff Bg8-h7 1. Rflt etc. Not l. 00t because of 3.fI* because af double opposition 3. Rff-f6 f3-2* 4. Rf6-fl Bff-gS opposition in SaB covering at f5 to betrn'een Black Bs and WK in Ba2 g2-3 5. Be8-fl 6. Rf7-f6 Bd7-e8 free Black K to e5" to fl, Bgl to e7.to free Be5. 7. Rf6-f/ Qe8-d8 8. [Tempo*l Qff-e8 9. d2-3 QSS-ff and so Qhl D 1979 (21 v 1923)r: D 1981 {26v Ig23)n etc. Double opposition of Bh7Rf6 Cltemnitzer Tage b I atte s Eskilstuna Kuriren and Qe8/Rf6 both at ff" 2 I6 (20 xii 1925) 11s0 {22 iii 19}1) *Sisyphtrs" De cli c ate cl to,4. Lun d x.\' i st D 1977 (23 v Ie23) "Triple Barriers" Briti sh Chess A,{agazine 6666 (iii 1915) Caissa's Fairy Tales, 93 {1947)

Who rnates in I ? l{hite retyacts tr ftxove Black, S*c8ftl Not White R"f8f which leaves hint anable to mate in because of lack of tempo, e.g. I tr{hite ffiates in 1 retract 1. Rf6-f5 Sh6-gB Retract Rdz-dl. mate. Not 2. [Tempo*] Sf5-h6 3. d3-2 Se3-15 no The only untie w{rich r,vould 4. Rf5-f6 Sc2-e3 5. Rf6-f5 Sa3-cZ retract 00, no mate, because of preserve Black 00 is IVR tempo in (i) getting for the Black 6. Rf5-f6 Sc2 xPa3 | 7. Rf6-f5 Sa3 to e2 Knight fl to pass ovsr e3 against Se3-c2 8. Rf5-f6 b2-3* 9. Rf6-f5 to let gl-e3 or (ii) Sa3 getting to f2 the oscillating Ke6/f| and then Sf5-e3 10. a4-3 Sh6-f5 I 1. Rf5-f6 to let Bh2-g3 or (iii) Sa3 unpromoting after White has opened the gate Rf6-ff 12. a5-4 Sf/-h6 13. a6-5 at gB and providing b6-7 to pass Black ovsr d8, still against Sh8-f7 14. a7 -6 RfI-f6, stc. 8g6 to go to e2. Single the WK, to f7. unpinning 596, etc. Double opposition of SgSlRfs at f5 opposition of Sa3/I(e4 with three With only the tempo etb7-6 White or f6. eirtries at e2, fZ or gS.

page 18 RETRO-OPPOSITIOT{ D 1982 (2d v 1923) l. Bf2f . Not l. 000f because of freeing Rf2; or in deferred Eskilstuna Kuyiren, IBgd (8 xii tg27) opposition in Sb8 to fl for Black K retrostalemate in getting Pd7xe6 'nA Wwvering King IIf, - second rank. back.

D 1985 (28 t, 1923)n D 1987 (3 vi I9Z3) Tidskr{t Tijdschri/t v$n den 6535 {viii IgZS) l,i e de r I an d s ch en S ch aakb on t{ "Two Keys to the Lock', 5 r 17 (iii I92e) "Ships th$t Psss in the Night,,

Wite trrate,s in Z

l. Re5f . Not l. 000 because of double opposition in Sd3 passing d6 and unpromoting at e8 for WP back tc e4, against Black King. I{rhite retracts his last wove and helps Black mate in I Add a {thite Knight t 1983 (Zd v IsIJ) so White ma;,* mate in I Fairy C/re.rs Revievt, dllS (x tgll) Retract Rcl-fl. Play Kfl R*clf. Not retract 00 for Kfl Rcl f Add WSa4 for Qxbzf . Not WSb6 because of I#R tempo in (i) Se5 (d6, e5) for S *c4I because of playing to dl to let Rc2-cl or {ii} opposition betr,leen Sa6 and aclded Sg5 unpromoting at g8 to give S in unpromoting at f8/gl Black Knight g7 to go to dl. Single opposition of Sg5/Rc2 at dl/ct or g&fcl. D 1989 (3 vi 1923) Fairy Che"s Review t 1986 (29 v 1923) 635| (iv 1915) Gambit, p.163 (v I g2g) Znd Pr, SFII, Lrfi n"ational White mates in l Felleration Tourney Bruss" I . Rfl $. Not I . 00f because of "Triple opposition in Sc2 unpinning Sg5 at 95, and this S then unpinnittg WSg5 at f4.

D 1984 (28 v lg7s) Fairy Chess Retiew, 6189 (xii tgl1)

l{rho wins?

Black mates in 4 by l. Qxb?t Kxb5 2. S*d6t Ka4 3. Q*a7t etc. tr{hite retracts his last nrove Not White P*a8(Qlf as the last and helps Black ftwte in I moves were; 1. Bh7-g8 SfB-dT 2.898 -hT Sh7-fB 3. a2-3 SgS-hT Retract Rfl-dl for Kdl R*flf . 4. B- Sf3-g5 5. B- Sd2-f3 6. B- Not retract 000 for Kdl Rfl f Sbl -dZ 7. B- bz-l(S) S. BhT-g8 because opposition of in SeZ a3xQlR/Sb2 and opposition in this unprornoting at c8 and Black White mates in I ScT Q/R/S unpromoting at h8.

page 19 RETRO-OPPOSITIOI{

t 1990 (1 vi 1923) D r9e6 (7 vi 1923) D 1997 (8 vi 1923i The Problernist, 356 (t, 1929) The Problemist (v 1936) Retista Romana de Sah, 311 (t, Igil) Ist Pr, ?th British Chess "The Valorous Knight" Pyoblem fiocier,\ Tv - Retros

tr{,'ho mates in I ? trt'ho mates in I ? l{,hite and Black retract Black, S*c6f. Not White R*a?* and Black mates in I because of opposition in Sal Black, QbSf . Not White because passing h6 or h7 to g8 or f8 for of dauble opposition in Se3 Retract Rfl-gl RSI-g2 for R*bl$. Rh8-h7 , Ph7-h5, Ph6 . passing a6 and a7 to reach c8. No other retractions because of ^97 double opposition in Sd4 unpinning l) 1998 {}1vi 1923) Sel, rv*hich unpins WS again. D 1999 (I4 t i 19231: London Evening Seu,s (6 viii 1932) Funkscltach, 689 (30 v Ig26) "Round the Bandstand" l} 1993 {6 vi t923}n Dedicated to Chess Amateur, F886 (viii I92d) ,rr;r;:;;::tr:r Caisss's F{ild Ro,ses

J in Clusters, J58 (1937) "Cfivfiliers" Dedicated to W. Pyugt on his 50th ye&r Thrice Hslted"

I{ho mates in I ?

White, Q*ffI. Not Black, R*e5$, because of opposition in Sa? Who rnates in I ? passing g6-h8-ff, en route to aB ! (via al perhaps). Black. S*a3f . Not White RfI $ Who mates in I ? because of lack of tempo, o.g. D 20S0 {16 vi 1923} Irairy Che,gs Review, 6709 (ii 1916) retract l. Kgl-hl Bb2-a3 Black, Not White n*Qt QdBI. 2. Khl-gl Sf6-ga 3. Kgl-hl because of lack of tempo, s.S. Sd5-f6 4. Khl -gl Sb6-d5 retract I. Sg8-h6 RF6-f5 7. Sh6-gS 5.Kgl-hl Sa8-b6 6, Khl-gl b2-3* 3. Sf5-h6 *2-3 4. Sd4-f5 a7-8(S) 7. Kgl-hl a6-7 8. Khl-gl Rf5-f6 5. Sb3-d4 Rf6-f5 6. Sc5-b3 a5-6 9. Kgl-hl a4-5 10. Khl-el Rfi -f6 7 . a4-3* Sf6-d7 I. Sd7-c5f a31 I l. a4xsb3 Sd4-b3 Sg8-f6 9. Rf6-ff Sh6-g8 12. Kgl-hl Se6-d4 13. Khl-gl 10. [Tempo*l Sf7-h6 I l. a5-4 Sf?1-e6 14. [Tempo*l Sh3-fit Sh8-f7, stc. Triple opposition of 15. a5-4 Sgl-h3 16. h7-6 Rfl -f2, Sh6lRf5, Sh6lRf6 and SdTlRfll at etc. Single opposition of Sg4/Iftl f6 or f5, f6 and f7 respectively. at a8/g I . l$'hite rtates in 2

page 20 RETRO-OPPOSITIOI\i t. Rflf . Not 1. 00f because of 3. Sh8-g6 Kc2-d3 4. Sff-hS D 2193 (2e x 1921) triple opposition in Sd2 passing c4 Kd3 -cZ 5. Sh6-ff Kc2-d3 Fairy C/re.ss Ret ieu, then d3 and reaching fZ correctly 6. Sg4-h6 Kd3 -cZ 7 . ff-6* Kc2-d3 681 5 (vi 1916) to unpin 93. Parnn-capture system: 8. Sf2-ga Kff -cZ e. Shl-f2t Black: ab/ba, c7-1. White: dc/cd, [Ternpo*] 10. Kdl-el Bf2-gl fg, gxfP-f8. 1 l. Bgl-hz Bel-f2 12. h2-1(S), etc. Double opposition com- D 2007 ( I6 vi 1923)r: pounded of Kd3, Bel/Kdl, Bg1, Funkschaclr, 869 (15 viii 1926) 5g6 w.ith entry at fZ and tfi. Ded. to lV. Pauly Shth year "Twin Cavfrliers" D 206I (22 x 1923)n Chess Amateur, F623 (xi 1924) Dedicgted to Hans Kli,wer

l{rho mates in I ?

Black, R*c6t. Not White because of opposition in Kc8, Ba8. Be? arriving at c8, d7, f8 together for Ke7-d6.

l) 2195 (30 x 1921)n tr{'ho wins? C hemni tze r Tageb I atte,s J8J (15 t iii 1926) Detlicated to White, L. P*cs{Q}i. Not Black white'::#r;:::,ry move (1. R"a7t etc) because of lack of lV'. Pauly on his 5hth Jlenr n'A tempo {i} in Sh7 passing Re6 and frve-fold Event" unpinnng Sb? 0r (ii) in passing Set: Sc4f . Retract Qe6-b6 Re6 and unpinnlng Sa7 both (preceded by c6-5; Bg3-c7 c7-6; White Knights colliding with Rc6. Q*Be6) and Qb3f . Double opposition of Sh7 unpining Sa7 or Sb? with blocks at e6 and l) 2158 (30 vi 1921) c6, or e6 and d6 respectivel-y. trskilstana Kuriren 1633 (19 xii 1925) ll 2008 $6 vi 1923)u "X-m65" Chess Pie tr{o 2, p.1 (vi 1927} "The Hsfi of Wctory"

|,trfho mates irc ] ?

Black RcSf . Not White Rc5f because of lack of tempo, e.g. retract 1. Sh5-g7 Sc5-d3 2. Sg3-h5 Sd3-c5 3. Shl-g3 Sc5-d3 4. Sf2-hl Sd3-c5 5. Sga-f2 Sc5-d3 6. Sh6-g4 Sd3-c5 7. SgS-h6 Sc5-d3 lVhat is the earliest checkmate? 8. Se7-g8 Sd3-c5 9. Sc8-e7 Bb8-a7 10" Sa7-c8t Sc5-d3 l$fho mates in I ? Black 12 by l. S*h4t. Not White 11. Rc8-c7 [Tempo*] 12. Rd8-c8 Sf6I because of lack of tempo, e.g. Bc7-b8 13. Sbs-d7f Sd7-c5f Black, l. Pxel(S)*. Not lfhite retract l. Bhl-f3 Bh3-fl {the X) 14. Rc8-d8 Bd8-c7, etc. Single (1. S"a2$) because af lack of 2. Bf3-hl [Tempo*] 3. Bhl-fi opposition compounded of Sd3, tempo, e.g. retract 1. Bh2-gl Bfl-h3 4.hz-l(B) g2-3 5.g3xBh2, Ba7lSd7, Sg7, Rc7 with critical Bf2-el 2. Kel-dl Bgl -nt etc. block at *7 .

page 2l RETRO-OPPOSITIO}-{ D 2196 (I xi 1921)r: D 2199 (5 xi 1921)r: D 2295 il6 ix 1925)n (| h e mni tz e r Tage b I atte s Chess, mateur, F8l9 {v 1926) (]hess Amateun F759 {xi 1925) 193 {25 xii 1926) {:|,{"RC, 223 (l937) "The Holiday Respite" Ded. to Niels I{oeg 50th year "The Church ilcross the Woyu

Sfroxr Bl K made at least 50 tfioves

Retract 1. Sgl-h3f 2. Ral-c I 3 . Dentonstrate a mate irc I Rbl-bZ 4...1S. Kcl...a8 19. Rbz- tr{hite plays antl helps BI mate in I bl 20. Kbl-cl 21 . Bhs-dl Ke2-fl Black Sdzf. it being his move. 22. Sf3-glt g?*Bf6 23. Qcl-hl White unable to move now by lack l. Ba2 S*d3*. Not 1. 00 h2f Kfl -eZ 74, Sel-f3t 2.5, Qdl-cl 26. of tenrpo, s.g. retract I . Bfl -h3 because of deferred KJR tempo, Qga-dl 27...31. Sn..,el 32. Kcl- Sn-hl 2. c7-6* Sh3-fl 3. g6-5 e.g. retract I . Ra7-c7 Ba2-b I b1 33. Rbl-? 34. Kb2-cl 35...36. Sfl-h3 4. Bh3-fl Sds-fil 5. Sc6-b4 2. Ra8 -a7 Bbl -aZ 3. Ral-a8 Re4...e1 37...38. Re3...al Kgl-hl Sb4-d5t 6. Se7-c6 Sfl -hz Ba2-b I and nolv the free Rook has 39. Sg3-fl Kfl-gl 40. Se2-g3t 7 . Sd5-e7 Sd2-fl I. Sfll-ds Sfl -dz entered a tempo-net: 4. Rc I -a I Kel-fl 41. Kc342 Kdl-el 42 9. g7-6* Sd2-fl 10. Bfl-h3 f5-6 Bb I -aZ 5. Rc2-cl Ba2-bl Kd3-c3 Kcl-dl 43. Sg3 -eX I 1 . Sh3-fil f4-5 12. Sf2+3 a6-7 6. [TempotJ Sb I -dZ 7 . Rd2-c2t Kb l -c I ! 44. Be7-f6 Kbz-b I 45 . 13" Bh3-fl Sfl 42 14. shl-f2 and Sb I goes out to &8, etc. Bc5 -e7 Ka3-b3 46. Bd4-c5t Kb4- Sd2-fi ls. Ifl-l(S) Deferred opposition of Bb l/Rc? [Tempo*] a3 47. Rel-3 Kc5-b4 48. Bb2-d4t 16. Bfl-h3 a5-6 17 " h3-Z h2*g3, r,l'ith block bl. Kd6-c5 49 Ral-el Ke7-d6 50. etc. Triple opposition of Shl/Bh3 " Bcl -bZ Kd8:e7! 51. b2-3 and one at h3, and Sb4/ShZ at fl and h2. D 2291 (I I ix l ezs) more Bl K movs to e8 50 in all. London Evening r\ieuw (21 xii l93S) - l) 2198 (1 xi 1921) D 2396 vii 1926}n Fairy Chess Review {1 Eskilstana Kuyiren, 1783 (22 x f 927) 6897 {viii 1916} uTu.,ice Knightly"

Who wins? white. l. sf3t Kxf2 2. Qslt Kxe2 3. Qelt Kxd3 4. S"b4f . It'ho mates in I ? Not Black R*dl as Sa6 may not f Who mates in I ? Black, R"d7f. Not White R*cTf unpromote at a8 at once,, since Black, QbTf . Not WRx a4t because of opposition between after a4-5, a5xBb4, White in is because of lack of tempos (i) in uncaptured Black Sd4 and Sf8/hT, retrostalemate. Hence Sa6 has to Sa5 passing RdB and unpinning Bfl/g8 in unpinning WQ. Try: go to fl to let Sel unpromote at Sb6 or {ii} passing RdS and uncapttred Rd4 may get to unpin &8, with tempo. The Qel-dl unpinnlng Sa7. Both White WQ but WQ has no tempo left to opposition of Sa6 and BIK decides Knights colliding with White Rook. get across g8 to h8. turn to play. Double opposition, blocks d8, c8. page 7? RETRO-OPPOSITIOhI

D 2167 {22 ii 1927}r: D 2717 {}9 viii 1928) t 3843 (l iv 1936) Chess Amateur, F1000 ft 1927) Fairy'* Chess Revievt, 696,5 (x 1916) fairy,, Cfre,ss Review, 7130 {x 1917)

Position 18 moves ago? tr{ho mates in I ? Who helps the other mate in I ?

As diagrrrm. Black, BeTf . Opposition in placing Last moves t. Be7-fB KhS-gS R&8 at h7, Rg8 at h8, Kb? at &8, 2. BfB -e7 Be7-d8 3. K{7*6 QbB at b7, Kd8 at e8, prior to Bd8-e7 4. Ke8-ff Kg8-hS Se7-c8, Kd8-s8, Sg8-e7. Ke8-d8, 5. Be7-ffi Sf8-h7 6. n-j Se6-fB Be7-f8, Kf8-e8, Bg5-e7 ete, with a etc, unpromotlng at al. So 1. KxfB further 3O-move untie. P*d8(alf . Not l. Qxhs R"f6f .

n 8rc Q xii 1925) Chess Amsteltr, p. t 57 {ii 927} As Black is now going to play D 2515 5 vi 1927)* ft an odr4-numbered move. White Ches.s Arnateur, Fl069 {ix 1927} must have played an odd Lfltimate Thernes, 125 Q 917) Ded. to tr'. Ropke number, and so must have played Pr" $$7,,1,4, Rapke Therne Ty Rhl-gl an odd number of times. Black therefore plal'ed Sh3 xRgl, though it cannot be said w.ith which Knight. Black to play. Indicate a ftrove Black rnust hm'e played.

D 3673 (5 xii t 931) D 3919 (25 xii 1936) Fairy Chess Review, 7223 (iv 1947) fairy Chess Review, 673] (iv 1916)

Retract the last move and mate in I

Retract Qcl -a3 (Not tse3-b6) and play Se5f. The Ex,q,cr 38 last moves must have been 1. Qcl-a3 d4-5 2. Kb2-b3 b3-4 3. Sb4-d3 d3-4 4. Sc6-b4 d2-3 5. Sd8 -c6 f6-7 6. Sfl-d8t f5-6 7 . a3-2 P+-5 8. a4-3 fi-4 9. a5-4 n4 10. a7-5 a6xRb7 ll. c}-l(Q) a5-6 12. c3-2 I{hite mates in I tr{'ho rnates in I ? a4-5 13. c4-3 a3-4 14. c5-4 a2-3 1. Qfl f Not 1. 000f because of White, S*fsf . Not Black R*a6* 15. c7-5 c6xQd7 16. QcSdT c5-6 opposition after e6x Sd5 in this because of opposition between 17. Bd7-e8 c4-5 18. SdS-f7 Knight reaching gl against Black Knights c7lg7 in letting out Black Kff-g6 19. Sc6-dSt Kg6-ff! K to alloq' Qfl-h3. Kurg. page 73 RETRO.OPPOSITION THE GEIYERALISATION OF RETRO-ANALYSIS

This last-minute addendum follows the text of an article by T. R.. Dawson in Chemnitzer Taseblattes, 1926, but only the main problem referred to there is quoted here, instead two other examples ari inserted give to G glimpse o-f Dawson's other work in the 'F,-airy Refro' _fietd. Ordinary retroanalysis is simply a process of deductive reasoning, based on the ordinary lews of the garne, which proves a desired recr about a given position. It has hitherto been a serious crippling factor in the subject ttrat the number of dernonstrable facts was very limited. Retro composers proved that positions were illegal, that one player must just have moved, or that past events in the play were so-and-so. The definite alus of retroanalysis were thus quite limited - establishing of constructive tries, turn to play, ana\tical retractors, illegal castling, legal PxP e.p. To a composer passionately fond of retro work as i am, this narrow circle of possibilities was a grievous vexation. It may be concluded therefore wittr what satisfaction in recent years I have realised ttrat ttre field may be fully generalised so that its potentialities become infinite. This expansion takes place in two distinct ways, one much more important than the other. The less important widening of the field arises from the introduction in Fairy Chess of Npw r,ews of play. Every new law' svery new piece, used in chess immediately implies- new argume,nts- in retro-analysis. Those familiar with the subject will immediately recall (for example) that a proof of the rrcAI,rry of castling, which is totally impossible in ordinary chess, is simple in the domains of 'Maximummers' and 'Free Chess'. The introduction of 'Must check' or of a 'Grasshopper' supplies much new detail of proof. And so on endlessly. But this expansion leaves unfilled the chief desire of retro workers. It does not give new aims for the proof. We travel round the same circle even if we have many new vehicles to carry us round it.

Rolton Football Field Problemist Fairy Chess Chemnitzer Tageblattes, 2 18 ( I 925) (21 xii t 912) Suppleftsen| 2212 (ii 1936) Caissa's ,tr'ild Rose,y, 125 {1935) In mentoty of C. A{. Fox "Triple Salute"

Bl having just macle his 21th ffiove Any Bl man on its first move tr|'hite nxates in 2 may tqke 2 turns $s one Grasshoppers $ye pror?roted Ps lS'hite motes in 2 Mate in 7 by 25. 00 (legal). Last Helpnrate in 2 moves could be 24. Ka8 e6 Black must have moved (xc3t g5 23 " Kb8 e5 22, Kc8 eZ-4 21. KdB l. Pd4xPc4 e.p.tft Z. Ra8, Sb8, BfB or Sg8. d5 2A. R{f6}xsb6 d2-4 19. Rf8-f6 Ph5 xPg5 e.p.ttt and mate. If Ra8: l. Kd2 {not Rxa4xd4). c5 18. F&8-fB c2.-4 L7, Ra7 b5 White's last movs cilr only have If Sb8: l. KeZ (not S-c6xd4). 16. a6 a5 15. Sal-b3 b?.-4 been c2-4. not Ke3-d2 (illegal ttt If Bf8: 1. 000 {not Bxd6xa3). 14. Sb3 xRal a2-4 13. Scl-b3 at e3). Three triple checks! If Sg8: l. Kf2 (not S-h6-ga). Sc8-b6 and so sn s\,rnmetricallv. Four-choice partial analysis.

The problem 218 however offers a new aim, and because of that is one of the most original problems I ever cornposed. Its origin lies in the following consideration - that the two most important retro aims (illegal castling and PxP e.p.) are founded absolutely on two quite special conditions of ordinary chess. Because of the cornplicated law that castling must be the first move of K and & and the complicated law about PxP e.p., retro-analysis gains its chance to establish the necessary special privileges. If. therefore. we define new special privileges- each such definition introduces a new retro aim in establishing the stated privilege in a given position. Problem 218 is a complex illustration of this generalisation.

page 2.4