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Dams, Rivers & People Dams, Rivers & People VOL 7 ISSUE 11-12 DEC 2009 - JAN 2010 Rs 15/- L e a d P i e c e India’s stand at Copenhagen Pillars built on Sand? India’s Environment Minister Jairam they have rejected none. When questioned that most Ramesh, the chief CDM projects benefit neither spokesman of the When questioned that most CDM projects the communities, nor the environment (local and Government of India on benefit neither the communities, nor the climate change has been global), Ramesh’s answer fond of saying that India’s environment (local and global), Ramesh’s gave himself out, “Before stand at the 15th answer gave himself out, “Before people, the people, the country should Conference of Parties to the country should benefit. I don't draw benefit. I don't draw UNFCCC (United Nations distinction between country and people”. The distinction between country Framework Convention on spirit was dead there. People do not matter, and people”. The spirit was dead there. People do not Climate Change) stands on country does. four pillars: Mitigation, matter, country does. Continued on p 2 Adaptation, Technology and Finances. Mitigation is to minimize the global emissions of green INDEX house gases to a level to ensure that the temperature does not rise above 1.5-2° C. However, even as we India’s stand at Copenhagen: Pillars built on Sand? 1 approach that level, there will be serious impacts on NHPC’s questionable Awards: S Bhattacharya and H Thakkar 3 many sectors & societies and Adaptation is to help One of the architects of the Adivasis’ misery: Gladson Dungdung 4 people cope with those changes. Technology & Sikkim Glaciers are melting 6 Finances are tools to achieve those objectives & are Climate Change threatens Apple crop in Himachal: ICAR 7 supposed to be provided or financed by the developed Copenhagen cop out: Praful Bidwai 8 countries. It sounds good so far. Water bodies more vital than housing: Madras High Court 9 Keoladeo National Park: crucial water supply work yet to start 10 However, the pillars also need sound foundation. The The many U-turns of the Sardar Sarovar Project 12 foundation is provided by the values like equity, Jairam seeks review of Ken Betwa Link 13 democracy and justice, among others. Equity at national Ukai dam has water for sugarcane, none for paddy! 14 level is enshrined in the Kyoto Protocol norm of Common but differentiated responsibility. The Protest against Tidong HEP in Himachal 15 democracy is also supposed to be there since all ‘Hydro’ state Himachal has high tariffs, import bill! 16 countries have one vote in the convention and the Payment for eco services to be part of CAT plan 17 protocol, unlike the case of the World Bank where rich The Subansiri gold rush 18 countries like the United States have much greater vote Downstream impacts of Arunachal HEPs 19 than poorer countries. National bio-policy: A wasted effort 20 Maharashtra tells power companies to use recycled drain water 21 Till the middle of 2009, internationally, India was ‘Back to Nature’ cuts flood risks: US study 22 consistent in adhering to the Kyoto Protocol principles, in Damanganga River destroyed by Vapi industries 23 letter, though somewhat lacking in spirit. It was also Cities destroying rivers 24 convenient, since Indian government saw the benefits No evidence of diversion of Bramhaputra water, says govt 25 accruing from the Clean Development Mechanism under What is the value of Prime Minister’s promise on Yamuna? 26 the Kyoto Protocol as free gifts. Punjab Plans to clean Sutlej, Beas 27 As Jairam Ramesh told Rediff in interview earlier in Dec Success of farming without chemicals in Andhra Pradesh 28 2009, before the Copenhagen summit, “We have Indian Express twists facts again: Pushes Bt Cotton without basis 29 approved 1,400 projects under CDM. If all of them are Six public hearings simultaneously: High Court cancels clearances 30 implemented then by 2012 we will get $6 billion worth of Eyewitness account: China’s dam builders go global 31 FDI (foreign direct investment).” He did not say how Prayas Hindi booklet on electricity reforms 32 many CDM proposals his ministry has rejected, since Contact Himanshu Thakkar, Swarup Bhattacharyya, Ganesh Gaud, Dams, Rivers and People, C/o 86-D, AD Block, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi 110 088. India. Ph: 91-11-2748 4654/5 [email protected] Web: www.sandrp.in Dams, Rivers & People 2 Continued from p 1 When asked why India is abandoning its long stand on And remember, CDM is the corner stone of the Kyoto equity, per capita emissions and historical responsibility Protocol, seeking to enable the developed countries of developed country, Ramesh was giving away too achieve their emission reduction targets cheaply much to Rediff, “For us, India's interest is paramount. through the market mechanism of CDM. Numerous Nothing else matters.” In the TOI interview he said, analysis of the specific, “There are too many other sectoral, country level and It may be recalled that Nicholas Stern, a things to be gained at a global experience with former chief economist of the World Bank larger scale”, giving a clear CDM projects have shown and author of the famous Stern Review hint at some quid pro quo. that this faith in market admitted that climate change represents the mechanism to achieve Ramesh did not specify emission reduction has biggest market failure in the world. How anywhere, what these many completely failed. It may be the architects of Kyoto Protocol sought to other things at a larger scale recalled that Nicholas use market in CDM mechanism to address that India seeks to gain. I guess there are limits to Stern, a former chief its own biggest failure is another story. economist of the World transparency of even this Bank and author of the famous Stern Review admitted advocate of transparent that climate change represents the biggest market governance. But we are supposed to assume that failure in the world. How the architects of Kyoto Protocol whatever these many other things at a larger scale that sought to use market to address its own biggest failure India of Ramesh and his bosses aim to gain are in India’s paramount interest. is another story. But in that failure, Jairam saw a Jewel. That showed the So it was not particularly surprising that when Ramesh rot in India’s climate stand. But the rot was clearly much clarified India’s stand in Parliament on December 4, deeper. 2009, he counted only two How many of the about 80% of India’s non-negotiables: No binding Incidentally, the Rediff population that spends less than USD 2 per emission cuts and no Interview of Ramesh has day, who have contributed least in climate peaking year for India. (In other real jewels. When Parliament after the asked about India’s stand change, who will suffer most due to impacts Copenhagen summit he that our per capita of climate change and who have no place in accepted that India’s stand consumption is low is either decision making process or content diluted even these non- tantamount to hiding behind of India’s National Action Plan on Climate negotiables.) The earlier the poor and that India’s Change, and who will further suffer the non-negotiables like the rich consume at rates not common but differentiated too far from the average of impacts of that plan, is part of this India is responsibility and the some of the developed not clear, but to use Ramesh’s phrase, historical responsibility of countries, he said: “Answer Theek hai, they had bigger issues to handle the developed world were to domestic inequality is not at Copenhagen. missing, even though these to ask people to consume had figured earlier in less”. That showed that Ramesh has not understood statements of everyone, right upto the Prime Minister. the basic science of global warming. Excessive, iniquitous and non sustainable consumption is at the By the way, as Surya P Sethi, one of India’s key climate root of the climate crisis. How can indiscriminate negotiators till recently noted in his columns in TOI, increase in that consumption, help address the India’s changing stands is almost exactly in line with problem? That too when inequity is sought to be those desired by the Unites States. But that must be just a coincident, isn’t it? perpetuated. So, as Jairam Ramesh declared in The Times of India As government of India is now in the process of (Dec 5, 2009) interview, equity is history, “But the fact of deciding whether to sign the Copenhagen Accord or the matter is it is a historical accident that our per capita not, it may help them to remember that their Pillars, emissions are so low.” When asked by Rediff why the however, strong, cannot stand without the firm developed countries not be asked to compensate for foundation of values of equity, justice and democracy. It the climate change impacts in India (e.g. flood disaster is still not too late for them to rediscover that truth. and monsoon failure, a big impact on livelihoods of People of India may be better off not signing that flawed millions of rainfed farmers in India in 2009), India’s Accord and it may be better to insist on a strengthened environment minister was hopeless, “frankly we are not and credible Kyoto protocol architecture. Let us see going to anywhere”. The trouble is that conclusion is what decision the government takes and through what arrived at even without trying. process. Himanshu Thakkar DEC 2009 – JAN 2010 Dams, Rivers & People 3 NHPC’s questionable Awards NHPC Ltd (formerly National Hydroelectric Power Ltd) has received various awards in recent years.
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